EMSL Analytical, Inc. EMSL Order: 50 A Northwestern Drive ...... · EMSL Order: Customer ID: Customer PO: Salem, NH 03079 Attn: Client Contact Phone: Client Company Fax: Address 1

EMSL Order:

Customer ID:

Customer PO:

Attn: Client Contact Phone: Client Company Fax: Address 1 Address 2 Collected: 04/04/15

Received: 04/06/15

Project: Particulate Micro-Analysis Demo Report Analyzed: 04/10/15

PMA – (Particulate Micro-Analysis) L2

Particulate Micro-Analysis – Template Reportv2PMA Material Report 1

Report printed: 4/13/2015 Page 1 of 7

EMSL Analytical, Inc. 50 A – Northwestern Drive – Unit #4 Salem, NH 03079 Phone (603)898-7074 www.emsl.com

Sample ID: Client Notes: Sample Appearance:

PLM Analysis – Determination of Sample Particle Distribution

Percentage Particle

Class Types of Particles

35% Minerals quartz, lime, calcite, clays

28% Biologicals pollen, trichomes, spores, hair (human)

15% Opaques ambiguous, rust/metallic flakes, char

22% Fibers cellulose, glass fibers, nylon

Percentages Reported by VAE Method Particles listed in order of relative incidence

Figure Opt1: (Fibrous Materials and Aggregates (200x)

Crossed Polars/Full Wave Plate)

Figure Opt2: (Opaque Char and Calcite Materials (200x)

Crossed Polars/Full Wave Plate)

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Particle Identification Legend:

Minerals

Quartz An extremely common mineral material that has distinct optical properties, and is common in sand, granites and other rocks

Calcium Bearing/Calcite

Minerals or salts incorporating calcium with a higher birefringence, showing brightness in crossed polars

Mica An easily fractured, flakey mineral that is common in rocks, and often fragments into fine fragments

Silicates A wide family of minerals that includes the most stable minerals, and is often indicative of eroded or weathered rock material in the sample

Feldspars Aluminum silicate mineral present in many granites and related rocks, and often in environmentally generated dust

Clay Fine sedimentary mineral platelets that are often used in building materials, bricks, and masonry applications, as well as common in many soils

Biologicals

Skin Fragments of skin shed from occupants, representing passive shedding of skin that can aggregate and degrade over time

Pollen Individual particles released by plants for reproduction, often structured to allow for easy air distribution and adhesion to surfaces

Trichomes Fine hair-like structures often found on the exteriors of plant leaves often appearing as radially arranged fibers

Plant Material Fragments of leaf, plant stems, or woody tissue that are degraded or dried and distributed over air currents

Insect Parts Fragments of insect legs, antennae, wings or exoskeleton fragments that are dried or broken

Starch Starch materials that typically form into rounded aggregates, which can come from skin, personal care products, paper, or cooking

Hair Fragments of hair fibers, either from animals or residents

Opaques

Ambiguous Materials that are opaque to transmitted light, and generally without defining structure, which could be combustion residue, opaque minerals, manufactured materials, or resins

Rubber Opaque materials from tires, belts, gaskets or other rubber sources that have distinct, irregular edge structure

Paint Highly reflective particles, either in spherical or flake form with pigmentation and reflection enhancers such as TiO2 or BaSO4

Aerosol Spherical particles that are formed of organic materials from finishing, personal care products, air fresheners or other fine, air distributed materials

Resin Fragments of polymers, building materials, sap or other organics that form into amorphous, often brittle masses, often translucent with some coloration

Metallic/Rust Fragments of metallic material, usually rusted from the surface of a larger metal surface, that could include iron, galvanized steel, or other common building materials


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Fibers

Cellulose Distinctive, highly birefringent natural fibers with a barbell cross section, that can be from wood fragments, processed paper, cotton, or other textiles

Synthetic Extruded man-made fibers that can include polyethylene, nylon, rayon, or other common textile materials

Glass/Vitreous Any number of man-made extruded glass fibers including mineral wool, insulation fiberglass, or structural fiber-board materials, that can also include some ceramics

SEM-EDS Analysis Data

(Figure 1): (Secondary Electron and Backscatter Electron imaging to highlight density differences of materials within aggregate matrix of salts intermixed with metallic fragments.)


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Figures 2, 3: (Salt and insulation aggregates with mineral and organic debris adhesion)

Figure 4: (EDS Spectrum of a steel flake with corrosion and mineral materials)


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Figure 5: (EDS Mapping Image of corrosion debris from piping)


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Observations & Analysis:

This sample was highly loaded with particles. The particles and their inter particle associations suggest that this is a combination of outside air and moisture impacting the ducting, rather than any particulate material generated by operations on site.

Inorganic and mineral particles consisted of a number of salt species and calcium rich mineral forms. Many of these particles were observed to consist of calcium clinker debris as well as calcium oxide and hydroxide particles, often encapsulating other silicate minerals. These particles are consistent with degraded concrete debris, and were often associated with sulfur, indicating that there may be water with sulfate salts that could attack the concrete.

Metallic particles included a number of iron oxide and iron chloride flakes and strips; these are common results of corrosion of steel ducting or piping systems with water containing chlorides.

Pollen grains were common throughout the sample, and some of the pollen showed signs of being degraded by mold growth, with spores and small hyphae. The mold growth is potentially indicative of long term moisture. Opaque particles consisted of a mixture of metallic, as well as organics, identified to be a mixture of sap droplets (from trees or woody plants outdoors) and fine particles of rubber (likely from degrading gaskets or seals)

Conclusion/Recommendations: The materials within the submitted sample are consistent with infiltration of outdoor moisture and particulates into the ducting of the facility. The growth of mold spores as well as corrosion products from ducting and pipe materials are typically indicative of long term moisture. Pollen, tree sap, and other vegetative particles indicate outdoor air motion. The presence of sulfur degraded concrete and secondary concrete and clinker related particles, as well as fragments of rubber may suggest standing water or insufficient drainage degrading building materials and providing a pathway into air ducts. No sign of materials generated in the manufacturing facility were noted in this sample. Examination of ducting for likely inlet points and examination of physical plant assets is recommended.

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Sample received in acceptable condition unless otherwise noted. The QC data associated with these sample results included in this report meet the method quality control

requirements, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Unless noted, results in this report are not blank corrected. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL Analytical, Inc.. EMSL Analytical, Inc. bears no responsibility for sample collection activities. Sample Retention: Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. will be retained for 60 days after analysis date. Storage beyond this period is available for a fee with written request prior to the initial 30 day period. Samples containing hazardous/toxic substances which require special handling may be returned to the client immediately. EMSL Analytical, Inc. reserves the right to charge a sample disposal fee or return samples to the client. Change Orders and Cancellation: All changes in the scope of work or turnaround time requested by the client after sample acceptance must be made in writing and confirmed in writing by EMSL Analytical, Inc.. If requested changes result in a change in cost the client must accept payment responsibility. In the event work is cancelled by a client, EMSL Analytical, Inc. will complete work in progress and invoice for work completed to the point of cancellation notice. EMSL Analytical, Inc. is not responsible for holding times that are exceeded due to such changes. Warranty: EMSL Analytical, Inc. warrants to its clients that all services provided hereunder shall be performed in accordance with established and recognized analytical testing procedures and with reasonable care in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The foregoing express warranty is exclusive and is given in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. EMSL Analytical, Inc. disclaims any other warranties, express or implied, including a warranty of fitness for particular purpose and warranty of merchantability. Limits of Liability: In no event shall EMSL Analytical, Inc. be liable for indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages, including, but not limited to, damages for loss of profit or goodwill regardless of the negligence (either sole or concurrent) of EMSL Analytical, Inc. and whether EMSL Analytical, Inc. has been informed of the possibility of such damages, arising out of or in connection with EMSL Analytical, Inc.’s services there under or the delivery, use, reliance upon or interpretation of test results by client or any third party. We accept no legal responsibility for the purposes for which the client uses the test results. EMSL Analytical, Inc. will not be held responsible for the improper selection of sampling devices even if we supply the device to the user. The user of the sampling device has the sole responsibility to select the proper sampler and sampling conditions to insure that a valid sample is taken for analysis. Any resampling performed will be at the sole discretion of EMSL Analytical, Inc., the cost of which shall be limited to the reasonable value of the original sample delivery group (SDG) samples. In no event shall EMSL Analytical, Inc. be liable to a client or any third party, whether based upon theories of tort, contract or any other legal or equitable theory, in excess of the amount paid to EMSL Analytical, Inc. by client there under.


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EMSL Analytical, Inc. EMSL Order: 50 A Northwestern Drive ...... · EMSL Order: Customer ID: Customer PO: Salem, NH 03079 Attn: Client Contact Phone: Client Company Fax: Address 1