Employment and Earnings - FRASER · in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover. Employment and Earnings may be ordere d from: New Or- ders, Superintendent

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS

U.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsNovember 1994

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November 1994

Vol. 41 No. 11

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularlyin Employment and Earnings, special features appearin most of the issues as shown below.

Household data

Annual averages

Union affiliation

Earnings by detailed occupation

Employee absences

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-eraveterans and nonveterans, and weeklyearnings data.

Establishment data

National annual averages:

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Industry detail

Women employees

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks andnew seasonal adjustment factors

Revised historical national data

State and area annual revisions

State and area annual averages

Area definitions

State and area labor force data

Annual revisionsAnnual averages

1 A new bulletin is forthcoming.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Jan.

Mar., June

Mar., June

June

Bulletin1

March

May

May

MarchMay


Employment and EarningsEditors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents

Page

List of statistical tables 2Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error 4Employment and unemployment developments, October 1994 5Summary tables and charts 7Explanatory notes and estimates of error 135Index to statistical tables 172

Statistical tables

IT. • • i Seasonally N o t „Source Historical adjusted seasonally

adjusted

Household data 9 11 20

Establishment data:Employment:

National 43StateArea

Hours and earnings:National 44State and area

Local area labor force data:RegionalStateArea

4752

60

123125

647777

96119

130130


Monthly Household Data

Page

HistoricalA-l . Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date 9A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1983 to date 10

Seasonally Adjusted Data

Employment Status

A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age 11A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin 12

A-5. Employment and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age 14

Characteristics of the Employed

A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status 15A-7. Employed persons by age and sex 16

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex 16A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex 17

A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics 18A-l 1. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment 19A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 19

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data

Employment Status

A-l 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race 20A-l4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 23A-l5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school

enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 24A-l 6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race 26

Characteristics of the Employed

A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 27A-l 8. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex 28A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation 29A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker 30A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work 31A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working

less than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status 31A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status 32A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or

part-time status 33A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status 34

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex 35A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex 36A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex 37A—29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race 38A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment 39A-31. Unemployed persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment 39A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment 40A-33. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment 41

Persons Not in the Labor Force

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex 41

Multiple Jobholders

A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics 42

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age 42


Monthly Establishment Data

Page

Historical

B-l . Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1943 to date 43B—2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date 44


Employment

NationalB-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups 47B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 49B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry

and manufacturing group 50B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change 51

StatesB-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry 52

Hours and Earnings

National

B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrollsby major industry and manufacturing group 60

B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 61

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry 62B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonfarm payrolls by major industry 63


Employment

NationalB-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry 64B-l 3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 76

States and Areas

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry 77

Hours and Earnings

National

B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarmpayrolls by detailed industry 96

B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles(SIC 3761) manufacturing 116

B-l 6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 117B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars 118

States and AreasB-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in

States and selected areas 119

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data


C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions 123C-2. Labor force status by State 125


C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas 130


Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page Page

Introduction 135Relation between the household and establishment series . . . . 135Comparability of household data with other series 136Comparability of payroll employment data with

other series 136

Household data 137Collection and coverage 137Concepts and definitions 137Historical comparability 140

Changes in concepts and methods 140Noncomparability of labor force levels 141Changes in the occupational and industrial

classification systems 143Sampling 143

Selection of sample areas 144Selection of sample households 144Rotation of sample 145

Estimating methods 146Noninterview adjustment 146Ratio estimates 146

First stage 146Second stage 146

Composite estimation procedure 146Rounding of estimates 147Reliability of the estimates 147

Nonsampling error 147Sampling error 147

Tables 1-B through 1-H 148

Establishment data 155Collection 155Concepts 155

Establishment data—ContinuedEstimating methods 157

Benchmarks 158

Monthly estimation 158Stratification 158Link relative technique 158Bias adjustment 158Summary of methodology table 159

The sample 160Design 160Coverage 161Reliability 161

Measures of error tables 161Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error 161Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,and earnings 161Standard errors for differences between industriesand times 162Noneconomic code changes 162Revisions between preliminary and final data 162

Statistics for States and areas 165

Regional, State, and area labor force data 168Federal-State cooperative program 168Estimating methods 168

Estimates for States 168Current monthly estimates 168Benchmark correction procedures 169

Estimates for sub-State areas 169Preliminary estimate:

Employment 169Unemployment 169

Sub-State adjustment for additivity 169Benchmark correction 169

Seasonal adjustment 170


Employment and UnemploymentDevelopments, October 1994

The Nation's job market continued to improve in Octo-ber. The unemployment rate was little changed over themonth but, at 5.8 percent, is nearly a full percentage pointbelow the January level. Nonfarm payroll employment—asmeasured by the survey of employers—rose by 194,000 inOctober, including a substantial gain in factory jobs. Bothaverage earnings and the overall workweek in the privatesector rose markedly over the month. Total employment—as measured by the household survey—experienced its thirdconsecutive large increase, after rising modestly earlier inthe year.

UnemploymentBoth the number of persons unemployed (7.6 million)

and the unemployment rate (5.8 percent) were littlechanged in October, after seasonal adjustment. Since Janu-ary, the unemployment level has dropped by 1.1 million andthe rate by 0.9 percentage point. (See table A-3.)

The unemployment rate for adult women fell 0.3 percent-age point to 5.0 percent in October, after showing littlemovement since May. The rates for adult men (5.1 percent),teenagers (17.3 percent), whites (5.0 percent), blacks (11.4percent), and Hispanics (9.4 percent) all showed little or nochange from the prior month. The jobless rate for each ofthese major labor force groups has declined since January.(See tables A-3 and A-4.) The number of persons unem-ployed for fewer than 5 weeks fell by 290,000 in October,while those unemployed for 15 weeks or longer rose by185,000 (table A-12).

Total employment and the labor forceTotal employment rose by 608,000 to 124.2 million in

October, after seasonal adjustment. This was the third con-secutive month of sharp gains in this measure (totaling 1.8million) and brought the increase since January to 2.3 mil-lion. The employment-population ratio—the proportion ofthe working-age population with jobs—has risen from 62.2percent in July to 62.9 percent in October. (See table A-3.)

The number of persons employed part time for economicreasons (4.4 million) and the number of voluntary part-timeworkers (17.7 million) were about unchanged in October.(See table A-6.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonallyadjusted) held more than one job, 6.1 percent of all em-ployed persons (table A-35).

The civilian labor force rose by 493,000 in October to131.8 million. Labor force growth has been strong since

July, after lagging through the first half of the year. Overthe month, the labor force participation rate increased 0.2percentage point to 66.8 percent. (See table A-3.)

Persons not in the labor forceThe number of persons who wanted and were available

for work but were no longer actively looking after havingsearched sometime in the past 12 months was 1.7 million(not seasonally adjusted) in October. Of that total, the num-ber who were not looking because they felt that there wereno jobs available for them—discouraged workers—was460,000. (See table A-34.)

Industry payroll employmentNonfarm payroll employment continued to increase in

October, rising by 194,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis.Manufacturing, services, and retail trade accounted fornearly all of the October job growth. (See table B-3.) Thenumber of payroll jobs has expanded by 2.6 million sinceJanuary.

Manufacturing employment increased by 40,000 in Oc-tober, building on the growth trend that began about a yearago. The number of factory jobs has risen by about 200,000during the period. Over-the-month increases were wide-spread, as the manufacturing diffusion index of employmentchange, at 60.8 percent, was particularly high (table B-6).The largest gains occurred in fabricated metals (9,000),autos (10,000), and rubber and plastics (6,000). Declinesappear to have moderated in such defense-dependent indus-tries as aircraft and instruments.

The number of construction workers was little changedin October, following a large gain in September. Small over-the-month increases among general building and specialtrade contractors were largely offset by job losses in heavyconstruction. Construction employment is up 275,000 overthe year and 500,000 since it began to recover in mid-1992.Mining employment continued to edge down in October,due to further job losses in oil and gas extraction. The min-ing industry, which has been on a long-term decline, haslost about 115,000 jobs since mid-1990.

Within the service-producing sector, the services indus-try added 96,000 jobs in October. Both the September andOctober gains in this industry were smaller than those thatoccurred earlier this year. A third of the October growthtook place in business services, although growth in this in-dustry also was somewhat below average. Health services


and motion pictures each expanded their payrolls, whilehotels and other lodging places continued to showweakness.

Retail trade employment rose by 51,000 in October, withgains spread primarily among general merchandise stores,automotive dealers and service stations, furniture stores,and eating and drinking places. Wholesale trade added11,000 workers, with its durable goods distribution compo-nent showing most of the gain.

Overall employment in finance, insurance, and real es-tate was little changed, but large losses continued amongmortgage brokers (which comprise half of employment innondepository institutions). Government employment alsoshowed little change in October, following sizable gains inState and local governments in recent months.

Weekly hoursThe average workweek for production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 0.3 hour in Octo-

ber to a high of 34.9 hours, seasonally adjusted. The aver-age manufacturing workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 42.1hours, and factory overtime held steady at 4.7 hours. Bothare at extremely high levels. (See table B-8.)

As a result of the increases in both employment andhours, the index of aggregate weekly hours of private pro-duction or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrollsjumped 1.0 percent to 131.1 (1982=100) in October, sea-sonally adjusted. The manufacturing index rose by 0.6 per-cent to 106.4. (See table B-9.)

Hourly and weekly earningsBoth average hourly and weekly earnings of private pro-

duction or nonsupervisory workers rose sharply in October.Average hourly earnings increased 0.7 percent to $11.24 inOctober, seasonally adjusted, and weekly earnings in-creased 1.6 percent to $392.28. Over the year, hourly earn-ings increased by 2.9 percent and weekly earnings by 4.1percent. (See tables B-ll and B-15.)

Scheduled Release Date

Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on thefollowing dates:

Reference month

November

December

January

Release date

December 2

January 6

February 3

Index month

February

March

April

Release date

March 10

April 7

May 5

Reader Survey In January

The first page of January's Employmentand Earnings will be a readershipsurvey. Please take the few momentsneeded to complete the survey and re-spond by mail or fax. We are lookingforward to your ideas on how we canimprove.


Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

Labor force status

Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force

Percent of populationEmployed

Percent of populationUnemployed

Not in labor force

All workersMen, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsWhiteBlackHispanic origin

194,151128,580

66.2119,941

61.88,639

65,571

194,321128,662

66.2120,332

61.98,330

65,659

194,472128,898

66.3120,661

62.08,237

65,574

195,953130,667

66.7121,971

62.28,696

65,286

196,090130,776

66.7122,258

62.38,518

65,314

196,213130,580

66.6122,037

62.28,543

65,633

196,363130,747

66.6122,338

62.38,408

65,616

196,510130,774

66.5122,872

62.57,902

65,736

196,693130,248

66.2122,430

62.27,817

66,445

196,859130,457

66.3122,452

62.28,005

66,403

197,043131,189

66.6123,166

62.58,023

65,854

197,248131,343

66.6123,628

62.77,715

65,905

Unemployment rates

6.76.25.8

18.96.1

11.911.4

6.55.95.718.35.612.510.4

6.45.85.717.85.611.510.5

6.75.96.018.45.813.110.6

6.56.05.717.95.612.910.0

6.55.86.017.85.712.510.0

6.45.65.619.95.611.810.8

6.05.25.418.35.211.59.5

6.05.35.416.95.311.210.3

6.15.65.317.75.411.210.1

6.15.45.417.55.311.510.2

5.95.15.317.05.110.710.2

197,430131,836

66.8124,236

62.97,600

65,594

5.85.15.0

17.35.0

11.49.4

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective

January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,seasonally adjusted


IndustryOct. Nov.

1994

Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. SeptJ Oct.?

TotalTotal private

Goods-producing industriesMiningConstructionManufacturing

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesGovernment

TotalTotal private

Goods-producing industriesMiningConstructionManufacturing

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesGovernment

Total privateManufacturing

Overtime

Total privateManufacturing

Employment

111,11292,23923,245

6054,70017,94087,8675,7985,96519,8226,748

30,66118,873

111,36692,47923,281

6044,73317,94488,0855,8005,97119,8486,763

30,81618,887

111,61092,69223,298

6184,73817,94288,3125,7925,97619,9316,769

30,92618,918

111,71192,81023,328616

4,74417,96888,3835,7935,99019,9246,771

31,00418,901

111,91993,00323,327

6124,74517,97088,5925,8036,00319,9656,776

31,12918,916

112,29893,35723,395

6094,80617,98088,9035,8166,01320,0266,781

31,32618,941

112,69993,71823,506

6064,89318,00789,1935,7596,02820,1376,791

31,49718,981

112,95193,93723,519

6034,90718,00989,4325,8436,03720,1536,787

31,59819,014

113,33494,31623,576

6054,92718,04489,7585,8496,049

20,2796,798

31,76519,018

113,62494,60123,590601

4,94418,04590,0345,8576,05320,3866,797

31,91819,023

113,914

94,82723,640

6034,94218,09590,2745,8666,079

20,4056,801

32,03619,087

114,16295,01623,665

6024,97018,09390,4975,8686,094

20,4716,789

32,12919,146

189203390

336

1501531713

116-14

34.541.64.3

125.3102.9

Average hourly earnings, total private:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars2

Average weekly earnings, total private

$10.927.39

376.74

114,35695,21423,706

5984,975

18,13390,6505,8696,105

20,5226,787

32,22519,142

Over-the-month change

25424036-1334

21826261515514

24421317145-2227-85836

11031

10111830-262671114-7278-17

208193-1-412

2091013415

12515

37935468-361103111310615

19725

401361111-38727290-57151111017140

25221913-3142

23984916-410133

3833795722035326612126111674

29028514-4171

27684

107-11535

290226502-250240926194

11864

24818925-128-222321566-129359

Hours of work1

34.641.74.4

34.541.74.4

34.841.74.5

34.341.34.5

34.642.14.7

34.742.24.8

34.842.14.7

34.642.04.7

34.642.04.6

34.442.04.6

34.642.04.7

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982 = 100)1

125.8103.3

125.9103.3

127.1103.7

125.6102.8

127.3104.9

128.2105.4

129.1105.1

128.8105.3

129.3105.2

128.9105.7

129.8105.8

Earnings1

$10.947.39

378.52

$10.967.40

378.12

$11.027.43

383.50

$11.037.42

378.33

$11.027.39

381.29

$11.057.40

383.44

$11.097.42

385.93

$11.087.39

383.37

$11.117.38

384.41

$11.137.36

382.87

$11.167.37

386.14

19419841-45

40153

11151-296-4

34.942.14.7

131.1106.4

$11.24N.A.

$392.28

1 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)

is used to deflate this series.

N.A. = not available.p = preliminary.


Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,1990-94

Thousands115,000

Thousands115,000

109,000

108,000 -

107,0001990 1991 1992 1993 1994

- 109,000

108,000

107,000

NOTE: Shaded area represents recession.

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1990-94Percent

8.0Percent

8.0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

NOTE: Shaded area represents recession. Household data beginning in January 1994reflect: 1) The introduction of the results of a major redesign of the Current Population Surveyquestionnaire and collection methodology, and 2) the introduction of population controlsbased on the 1990 census, adjusted for the estimated population undercount, and are notdirectly comparable with data for prior years.


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date


Yearand

month

Civiliannoninsti-tutional

population

Civilian labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

1961 ..19621 .1963 ..1964 ..1965 ..1966 ..1967 ..1968 ..1969 ..

1970 ..1971 ..19721 .19731 .1974 ..1975 ..1976 ..1977 ..19781 .1979 ..

1980 ..

19831984198519861 ....198719881989

1990 .1991 .1992 .1993 .

1993:OctoberNovember.

Annual averages

118,771120,153122,416124,485126,513128,058129,874132,028134,335

137,085140,216144,126147,096150,120153,153156,150159,033161,910164,863

167,7451981 170,1301982 172,271

174,215176,383178,206180,587182,753184,613186,393

188,049189,765191,576193,550

194,151194,321

December I 194,472

1994:January3

FebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember.October

195,953196,090196,213196,363196,510196,693196,859197,043197,248197,430

70,45970,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,734

82,77184,38287,03489,42991,94993,77596,15899,009102,251104,962

106,940108,670110,204111,550113,544115,461117,834119,865121,669123,869

124,787125,303126,982128,040

59.358.858.758.758.959.259.659.660.1

60.460.260.460.861.361.261.662.363.263.7

63.863.964.064.064.464.865.365.665.966.5

66.466.066.366.2

65,74666,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526100,834105,005107,150109,597112,440114,968117,342

117,914116,877117,598119,306

55.455.555.455.756.256.957.357.558.0

57.456.657.057.857.856.156.857.959.359.9

59.259.057.857.959.560.160.761.562.363.0

62.761.661.461.6

5,2004,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606

3,4633,3943,4843,4703,5153,4083,3313,2833,3873,347

3,3643,3683,4013,3833,3213,1793,1633,2083,1693,199

3,1863,2333,2073,074

60,54661,75963,07664,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296

75,21575,97278,66981,59483,27982,43885,42188,73492,66195,477

95,93897,03096,12597,450

101,685103,971106,434109,232111,800114,142

114,728113,644114,391116,232

4,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,3128,2377,4256,7016,528

6,8748,4269,3848,734

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

128,580128,662128,898

130,667130,776130,580130,747130,774130,248130,457131,189131,343131,836

66.266.266.3

66.766.766.666.666.566.266.366.666.666.8

119,941120,332120,661

121,971122,258122,037122,338122,872122,430122,452123,166123,628124,236

61.861.962.0

62.262.362.262.362.562.262.262.562.762.9

3,0213,1143,096

3,3313,3913,4263,4593,4353,2353,2783,4443,4093,495

116,920117,218117,565

118,639-118,867118,611118,880119,437119,195119,173119,722120,219120,741

8,6398,3308,237

8,6968,5188,5438,4087,9027,8178,0058,0237,7157,600

6.75.55.75.24.53.83.83.63.5

4.95.95.64.95.68.57.77.16.15.8

7.17.69.79.67.57.27.06.25.55.3

5.56.77.46.8

48,31249,53950,58351,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602

54,31555,83457,09157,66758,17159,37759,99160,02559,65959,900

60,80661,46062,06762,66562,83962,74462,75262,88862,94462,523

63,26264,46264,59365,509

6.76.56.4

6.76.56.56.46.06.06.16.15.95.8

65,57165,65965,574

65,28665,31465,63365,61665,73666,44566,40365,85465,90565,594

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of theExplanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.

2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.3 Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable with data for

1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of

the Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire andcollection methodology and the introduction of 1990 census-basedpopulation controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additionalinformation, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey EffectiveJanuary 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1983 to date


Sex, year,and month


population


NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

MEN19831984198519861

198719881989

1990199119921993

1993:October ....NovemberDecember

1994:January3 ..February ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober ....

WOMEN19831984198519861

198719881989

1990199119921993

1993:October ....NovemberDecember

1994:January3 ..February ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober ....

82,53183,60584,46985,79886,89987,85788,762

89,65090,55291,54192,620

63,04763,83564,41165,42266,20766,92767,840

68,23468,41169,18469,633

92,94193,03393,116

93,90993,98294,04294,11994,19694,29494,37794,46994,57694,671

91,68492,77893,73694,78995,85396,75697,630

98,39999,214100,035100,930

101,210101,288101,356

102,044102,107102,171102,244102,314102,399102,482102,575102,672102,758

69,82069,73069,813

70,74470,64470,52970,62170,58470,32870,51370,83370,69571,241

48,50349,70951,05052,41353,65854,74256,030

56,55456,89357,79858,407

58,76058,93259,085

59,92360,13260,05160,12560,19059,91959,94360,35660,64760,595

Annual averages

76.476.476.376.376.276.276.4

76.175.575.675.2

56,78759,09159,89160,89262,10763,27364,315

64,43563,59363,80564.700

68.870.770.971.071.572.072.5

71.970.269.769.9

2.7042,6682,5352,5112,5432.4932,513

2,5072,5522,5342,438

54,08356,42357,35658,38159,56460.78061,802

61,92861,04161,27062,263


75.175.075.0

75.375.275.075.074.974.674.775.074.775.3

64,97165,14465,259

65.96365,92165,94066,03666,30166,13566,03666,45266,57267.086

70.070.1

70.270.170.170.270.470.170.070.370.470.9

2,3762,4812,461

2,5452,5662,6012,5652,5922,4692,4632,5852,4992,566

62,59562,66362,798

63,41963,35663,33963,47163,70963,66663.57363,86664,07364,520

Annual averages

52.953.654.555.356.056.657.4

57.557.357.857.9

44,04745,91547,25948,70650,33451,69653,027

53,47953,28453,79354,606

48.049.550.451.452.553.454.3

54.353.753.854.1

680653644652666676687

679682673636

43,36745,26246,61548,05449,66851,02052,341

52,80052,60253,12153,970


58.158.258.3

58.758.958.858.858.858.558.558.859.159.0

54,97055,18855,402

56,00756,33656,09756,30256.57156,29556,41656,71457,05657,150

54.354.554.7

54.955.254.955.155.355.055.055.355.655.6

645633635

787825825893844766815859910929

54,32554,55554,767

55,22155,51155,27255,40955,72855,52855,60055,85656,14656,221

6,2604,7444,5214,5304,1013,6553,525

3,7994,8175,3804,932

4,8494,5864,554

4,7814,7234,5894,5854,2834,1934,4784,3814,1234,155

4,4573,7943,7913,7073,3243,0463,003

3,0753,6094,0053,801

3,7903,7443,683

3,9163,7953,9543.8233,6193,6253,5283,6423,5923,445

9.97.47.06.96.25.55.2

5.67.07.87.1

19,48419,77120,05820,37620,69220,93020,923

21,41722,14122,35622,987

6.96.66.5

6.86.76.56.56.16.06.36.25.8

23,12123,30323,303

23,16523,33823,51323,49723,61223,96523,86423,63623,88123,431

9.27.67.47.16.25.65.4

5.46.36.96.5

43,18143,06842,68642,37642,19542,01441,601

41,84542,32142,23742,522

6.46.46.2

6.56.36.66.46.06.05.96.05.95.7

42,45042,35642,271

42,12141,97642,11942,11942,12442,48042,53942,21842,02442,163

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "HistoricalComparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes andEstimates of Error.

2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.3 Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier

years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey(household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology and the introduction of1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. Foradditional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey EffectiveJanuary 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

10


HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Employment status,sex, and age

1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1

Civilian labor forcePercent of population

EmployedEmployment-population ratio2

UnemployedUnemployment rate

Men, 16 years and overCivilian noninstitutional population1



AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

Men, 20 years and overCivilian noninstitutional population1





Not in labor force

Women, 16 years and overCivilian noninstitutional population1





Not in labor force

Women, 20 years and overCivilian noninstitutional population1





Not in labor force

Both sexes, 16 to 19 yearsCivilian noninstitutional population1





Not in labor force

194,151128,580

66.2119,941

61.88,639

6.7

92,94169,820

75.164,971

69.92,376

62,5954,849

6.923,121

86,15666,306

77.062,172

72.22,223

59,9494,134

6.219,850

194,321128,662

66.2120,332

61.98,330

6.5

93,03369,730

75.065,144

70.02,481

62,6634,586

6.623,303

86,24566,198

76.862,315

72.32,334

59,9813,883

5.920,047

101,210 101,28858,932

58.255,188

54.5633

54,5553,744

6.442,356

58,76058.1

54,97054.3645

54,3253,790

6.442,450

94,65655,462

58.652,243

55.2601

51,6423,219

5.839,194

13,3396,812

51.15,52641.4197

5,3291,28618.9

6,527

94,70955,621

58.752,423

55.4597

51,8263,198

5.739,088

13,3676,843

51.25,59441.8183

5,4111,24918.3

6,524

194,472128,898

66.3120,661

62.08,237

6.4

93,11669,813

75.065,259

70.12,461

62,7984,554

6.523,303

86,37366,321

76.862,444

72.32,300

60,1443,877

5.820,052

101,35659,085

58.355,402

54.7635

54,7673,683

6.242,271

94,76455,783

58.952,631

55.5599

52,0323,152

5.738,981

13,3356,794

50.95,58641.9197

5,3891,20817.8

6,541

195,953130,667

66.7121,971

62.28,696

6.7

93,90970,744

75.365,963

70.22,545

63,4194,781

6.823,165

86,77866,806

77.062,842

72.42,352

60,4903,964

5.919,972

102,04459,923

58.756,007

54.9787

55,2213,916

6.542,121

95,10956,368

59.353,014

55.7744

52,2703,354

6.038,742

14,0667,49353.3

6,11543.5236

5,8791,37818.4

6,573

196,090130,776

66.7122,258

62.38,518

6.5

93,98270,644

75.265,921

70.12,566

63,3564,723

6.723,338

86,82066,764

76.962,778

72.32,339

60,4393,986

6.020,056

102,10760,132

58.956,336

55.2825

55,5113,795

6.341,976

95,15956,611

59.553,403

56.1766

52,6383,208

5.738,548

14,1117,40152.4

6,07643.1287

5,7901,32517.9

6,710

196,213130,580

66.6122,037

62.28,543

6.5

94,04270,529

75.065,940

70.12,601

63,3394,589

6.523,513

86,90166,723

76.862,857

72.32,358

60,4993,866

5.820,178

102,17160,051

58.856,097

54.9825

55,2723,954

6.642,119

95,22556,487

59.353,121

55.8773

52,3483,366

6.038,738

14,0877,370

52.36,05943.0295

5,7641,31117.8

6,717

196,363130,747

66.6122,338

62.38,408

6.4

94,11970,621

75.066,036

70.22,565

63,4714,585

6.523,497

86,94666,701

76.762,958

72.42,376

60,5823,743

5.620,246

102,24460,125

58.856,302

55.1893

55,4093,823

6.442,119

95,28256,410

59.253,265

55.9837

52,4283,145

5.638,872

14,1357,636

54.06,11643.3245

5,8701,52019.9

6,499

196,510130,774

66.5122,872

62.57,902

6.0

94,19670,584

74.966,301

70.42,592

63,7094,283

6.123,612

87,00066,692

76.763,192

72.62,412

60,7803,500

5.220,308

102,31460,190

58.856,571

55.3844

55,7283,619

6.042,124

95,32956,548

59.353,521

56.1787

52,7343,027

5.438,781

14,1817,53453.1

6,15943.4236

5,9231,37518.3

6,647

196,693130,248

66.2122,430

62.27,817

6.0

94,29470,328

74.666,135

70.12,469

63,6664,193

6.023,965

87,09566,409

76.262,916

72.22,307

60,6093,493

5.320,686

102,39959,919

58.556,295

55.0766

55,5283,625

6.042,480

95,40756,214

58.953,181

55.7726

52,4553,033

5.439,193

14,1917,62553.7

6,33344.6203

6,1301,29216.9

6,566

196,859130,457

66.3122,452

62.28,005

6.1

94,37770,513

74.766,036

70.02,463

63,5734,478

6.323,864

87,12366,596

76.462,889

72.22,285

60,6053,706

5.620,528

102,48259,943

58.556,416

55.0815

55,6003,528

5.942,539

95,46956,367

59.053,394

55.9781

52,6132,972

5.339,103

14,2677,49552.5

6,16843.2212

5,9561,32717.7

6,772

197,043131,189

66.6123,166

62.58,023

6.1

94,46970,833

75.066,452

70.32,585

63,8664,381

6.223,636

87,24866,856

76.663,216

72.52,395

60,8203,640

5.420,392

102,57560,356

58.856,714

55.3859

55,8563,642

6.042,218

95,54456,774

59.453,711

56.2817

52,8943,063

5.438,770

14,2517,560

53.06,23943.8231

6,0081,320

17.56,692

197,248131,343

66.6123,628

62.77,715

5.9

94,57670,695

74.766,572

70.42,499

64,0734,123

5.823,881

87,32166,839

76.563,421

72.62,255

61,1673,418

5.120,482

102,67260,647

59.157,056

55.6910

56,1463,592

5.942,024

95,65857,217

59.854,161

56.6855

53,3063,056

5.338,441

14,2697,28651.1

6,04642.4300

5,7461,24017.0

6,983

197,430131,836

66.8124,236

62.97,600

5.8

94,67171,241

75.367,086

70.92,566

64,5204,155

5.823,431

87,43967,277

76.963,831

73.02,284

61,5483,446

5.120,162

102,75860,595

59.057,150

55.6929

56,2213,445

5.742,163

95,72957,055

59.654,198

56.6879

53,3182,858

5.038,674

14,2617,503

52.66,20743.5332

5,8751,29617.3

6,758

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.2 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3

through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent

seasonal adjustment of the various series. Data for 1994 are not directlycomparable with data for 1993 and earlier years. For additional information,see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" inthe February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

11



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


WHITE





Men, 20 years and over




Women, 20 years and over




Both sexes, 16 to 19 years




MenWomen

BLACK













See footnotes at end of table.

164,309110,009

67.0103,273

62.96,736

6.1

57,390111

54,14473.3

3,2465.7

46,71058.5

44,22355.4

2,4875.3

5,90955.6

4,90646.2

1,00317.017.916.0

22,44213,945

62.112,292

54.81,65311.9

6,48271.5

5,77063.67111.0

6,73159.8

6,05953.967;10.0

164,421109,804

66.8103,662

63.06,142

5.6

57,12377.2

54,27973.4

2,8445.0

46,76858.6

44,39255.6

2,3765.1

5,91355.6

4,99146.992215.617.713.3

22,47514,057

62.512,297

54.71,760

12.5

6,52971.8

5,72563.0

' 80412.3

6,76660.1

6,11154.26559.7

164,516110,016

66.9103,807

63.16,209

5.6

57,28077.4

54,28373.3

2,9975.2

46,87258.7

44,55455.8

2,3184.9

5,86455.1

4,97046.789415.216.913.4

22,50414,011

62.312,397

55.11,61.4

11.5

6,46970.9

5,78763.568210.5

6,80160.3

6,14354.56589.7

165,014110,802

67.1104,355

63.26,447

5.8

57,45777.6

54,43873.5

3,0195.3

47,02559.0

44,63156.0

2,3935.1

6,32156.5

5,28647.3

1,03416.418.514.0

22,72314,368

63.212,482

54.91,887

13.1

6,56372.1

5,75363.281012.3

6,91760.5

6,12153.679611.5

165,096110,934

67.2104,669

63.46,264

5.6

57,33377.4

54,34473.3

2,9895.2

47,28159.3

45,00256.4

2,2794.8

6,31956.4

5,32347.599615.816.714.7

22,75114,487

63.712,624

55.51,863

12.9

6,69773.4

5,88464.581312.1

6,99361.1

6,22454.476911.0

165,168110,633

67.0104,314

63.26,319

5.7

57,25877.2

54,28373.2

2,9755.2

47,08559.0

44,72456.0

2,3605.0

6,29056.1

5,30647.398415.616.714.6

22,77414,573

64.012,749

56.01,824

12.5

6,63372.7

5,95365.267910.2

7,11762.2

6,25354.686512.1

165,259110,673

67.0104,450

63.26,222

5.6

57,17577.1

54,29773.2

2,8785.0

46,95158.8

44,75556.0

2,1964.7

6,54658.3

5,39848.0

1,14817.519.016.0

22,79914,523

63.712,813

56.21,71011.8

6,62272.5

5,96265.266010.0

7,06561.6

6,31755.174710.6

165,351110,797

67.0105,038

63.55,760

5.2

57,11377.0

54,466'73.42,647

4.6

47,22259.1

45,11056.5

2,1134.5

6,46357.5

5,46248.6

1,00015.517.313.5

22,82414,497

63.512,825

56.21,672

11.5

6,71573.4

6,04866.16669.9

6,99060.9

6,30054.96909.9

165,472110,358

66.7104,555

63.25,804

5.3

57,00276.8

54,35473.2

2,6484.6

46,93858.7

44,68655.9

2,2524.8

6,41857.0

5,51549.090414.114.713.5

22,85514,502

63.512,874

56.31,628

11.2

6,58171.8

5,94464.96379.7

7,03861.3

6,37955.56599.4

165,576110,768

66.9104,831

63.35,936

5.4

57,25477.1

54,46673.3

2,7884.9

47,18359.0

44,94956.2

2,2344.7

6,33056.1

5,41648.091414.416.112.6

22,88314,351

62.712,739

55.71,612

11.2

6,53771.4

5,85464.068310.5

6,93960.4

6,34355.25968.6

165,696111,242

67.1105,400

63.65,842

5.3

57,36377.1

54,67773.5

2,6864.7

47,45159.3

45,22856.5

2,2234.7

6,42756.9

5,49548.793314.515.113.8

22,91714,401

62.812,746

55.61,655

11.5

6,54471.2

5,86063.868410.5

7,01560.9

6,35455.26619.4

165,832111,417

67.2105,756

63.85,661

5.1

57,44577.2

54,91973.8

2,5264.4

47,85159.7

45,62857.0

2,2234.6

6,12154.2

5,21046.191114.916.413.1

22,95514,461

63.012,912

56.21,549

10.7

6,62371.9

5,96064.766210.0

6,99460.7

6,36855.26268.9

165,954111,584

67.2106,012

63.95,573

5.0

57,67777.4

55,07973.9

2,5984.5

47,61759.4

45,54456.8

2,0734.4

6,29155.6

5,38947.790214.314.813.9

22,99014,733

64.113,060

56.81,673

11.4

6,74773.2

6,08866.06599.8

7,04961.0

6,38655.36639.4

JL

12



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted—Continued


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

BLACK—ContinuedBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years




MenWomen

HISPANIC ORIGIN

Civilian noninstitutionai population1




1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct

73234.546321.826936.740.632.8

15,91710,586

66.59,38459.0

1,20211.4

76235.946121.730139.539.239.7

15,96710,575

66.29,476

59.31,099

10.4

74135.246722.227437.038.835.2

16,01410,625

66.39,513

59.41,112

10.5

88940.560727.728131.738.125.5

17,84911,746

65.810,495

58.81,251

10.6

79636.351523.528135.340.130.5

17,89611,835

66.110,650

59.51,185

10.0

82337.554324.728034.037.530.2

17,94211,871

66.210,680

59.51,190

10.0

83738.153424.330336.240.831.3

17,99311,880

66.010,595

58.91,285

10.8

79236.047621.631639.942.836.5

18,04111,929

66.110,801

59.91,127

9.5

88240.055125.033137.640.034.9

18,09211,850

65.510,634

58.81,217

10.3

87639.2542

24.333338.143.032.3

18,14311,949

65.910,736

59.21,212

10.1

84238.153224.131036.842.330.4

18,19311,958

65.710,734

59.01,224

10.2

84438.158426.326130.929.132.8

18,24412,022

65.910,796

59.21,226

10.2

93842.258626.435237.535.939.2

18,29112,245

66.911,094

60.71,151

9.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.2 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutionai population.NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum

to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented andHispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data

for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population SurveyEffective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment andEarnings.

13



A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Full- and part-time status, sex,and age

1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


EMPLOYED

Full-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Part-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

UNEMPLOYED

Looking for full-time workMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Looking for part-time workMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

Full-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Part-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

98,94557,87656,77041,08540,334

1,841

20,9977,1565,392

13,88611,9093,696

7,0444,1933,8682,8092,590

586

1,623652270

1,016651702

6.66.86.46.46.0

24.1

7.28.44.86.85.2

16.0

99,37358,11557,03241,28440,511

1,830

20,9617,0695,283

13,90011,9163,762

6,7073,9783,5812,7862,542

584

1,565616259957643663

6.36.45.96.35.9

24.2

6.98.04.76.45.1

15.0

99,59558,26557,15641,38640,632

1,807

21,0607,0355,268

14,05612,0393,753

6,7603,9633,6512,7872,568

541

1,489606254868575660

6.46.46.06.35.9

23.0

6.67.94.65.84.6

15.0

97,94057,71456,65740,29139,496

1,787

23,9328,2146,148

15,72013,5234,260

7,1604,2053,7672,9662,749

644

1,581681276890580726

6.86.86.26.96.5

26.5

6.27.74.35.44.114.6

98,57457,97156,94240,60139,8161,817

23,6417,9285,83915,72413,5744,228

7,0084,0703,6772,9502,710621

1,488645280855502706

6.66.66.16.86.4

25.5

5.97.54.65.23.614.3

98,48858,39557,38040,08339,3121,795

23,5397,5365,50016,00413,8024,237

6,9563,8033,5263,0912,835595

1,595701314891552728

6.66.15.87.26.7

24.9

6.38.55.45.33.8

14.7

99,30758,55857,56940,64739,871

1,868

22,9667,4135,400

15,56613,3914,175

6,8333,9103,4992,8952,567

767

1,589627232956595762

6.46.35.76.66.0

29.1

6.57.84.15.84.3

15.4

99,76358,70757,61941,02540,297

1,847

23,1327,5305,560

15,57713,2834,288

6,3193,6173,2302,7012,451

638

1,520651257860530734

6.05.85.36.25.7

25.7

6.28.04.45.23.814.6

99,28658,68857,45740,65339,8541,975

23,1387,4365,46915,66113,3574,312

6,4143,6423,2282,7682,475711

1,426600270835563593

6.15.85.36.45.8

26.5

5.87.54.75.14.0

12.1

99,68458,74457,53840,94640,266

1,880

22,8587,2915,372

15,49513,1574,329

6,5613,8543,4232,7282,424

714

1,466614297840547621

6.26.25.66.25.7

27.5

6.07.85.25.14.0

12.5

100,27059,06557,80541,28740,564

1,901

22,9027,3675,380

15,46413,1504,372

6,4623,7523,3402,7222,469

653

1,566645301910586680

6.16.05.56.25.7

25.6

6.48.05.35.64.3

13.5

100,73659,07657,96341,65840,964

1,809

22,9997,6255,530

15,42013,2044,265

6,3323,6093,1832,8182,546

604

1,389589252773509628

5.95.85.26.35.9

25.0

5.77.24.44.83.712.8

100,96759,47758,30041,51640,7691,898

23,2607,6975,56915,66913,3994,292

6,3093,6583,2672,6662,421621

1,376581218811479679

5.95.85.36.05.6

24.6

5.67.03.84.93.513.7

1 These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time laborforce and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publicationprior to 1994.

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994issue of Employment and Earnings.

14



A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Category1993

Oct. Nov. Dec,

1994


MARITAL STATUS

TotalMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrativesupport

Service occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture:Wage and salary workersSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

Nonagricultural industries:Wage and salary workersPrivate industries

Private householdsOther industries

GovernmentSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time work

Part time for noneconomic reasons

Nonagricultural industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time work

Part time for noneconomic reasons

119,94140,81630,6416,784

32,635

36,96516,59913,43016,9963,287

1,6571,274

97

107,72789,251

1,17988,07218,4768,961

229

6,2023,0722,872

15,201

5,9572,9272,773

14,788

120,33240,84230,8726,704

32,739

36,97416,68813,59716,9583,389

1,7191,311

89

107,97589,482

1,10388,37918,4939,011

223

6,1263,0372,810

15,290

5,9042,9052,719

14,858

120,66140,95131,0516,693

32,764

37,24316,73413,44517,2093,325

1,7241,269

92

108,24789,744

1,10488,64018,5039,053

217

6,2173,0992,828

15,373

5,9342,9222,739

14,909

121,97141,48331,5796,796

33,008

37,41116,79613,49417,6853,598

1,6411,590

78

109,52691,364

92890,43618,1638,990

142

5,1672,5612,171

17,744

4,8422,4392,075

17,056

122,25841,32831,7097,133

33,122

37,19117,08713,64417,6453,693

1,6771,633

55

109,54791,395

1,07490,32118,1529,312

143

4,6432,3012,028

17,674

4,3842,1691,944

17,081

122,03741,33131,3107,369

33,152

37,06017,11113,55117,5813,651

1,7191,661

41

109,36590,883

1,03589,84918,4819,146

117

4,9922,5382,138

17,519

4,7622,4112,089

16,893

122,33841,38031,345

7,191

33,415

36,79617,10713,23217,8883,677

1,6931,710

43

109,74991,356

1,04390,31318,3938,982

131

4,7572,3632,101

17,072

4,6132,2412,078

16,463

122,87241,36731,3247,094

34,103

36,62416,95813,58417,9473,609

1,7571,654

40

110,24391,770

99790,77318,4739,138

121

4,8782,5712,026

17,346

4,6882,4491,993

16,721

122,43041,28731,0546,978

33,901

36,81117,00613,30517,9343,419

1,6291,582

46

110,05291,729

96490,76518,3228,946

154

4,7852,5351,981

17,339

4,5902,4301,935

16,842

122,45241,22431,379

7,013

33,859

37,19416,89913,33017,7623,487

1,6371,606

50

110,08291,825

93490,89118,2568,970

138

4,4252,4301,664

18,059

4,2242,3151,627

17,443

123,16641,47531,5676,932

33,931

37,35816,79413,46817,9643,660

1,7371,667

47

110,39392,205

84391,36218,1889,055

141

4,2842,3931,569

18,171

4,0922,2711,539

17,559

123,62841,57731,967

7,016

34,303

37,71116,68513,43818,0193,647

1,7021,616

64

111,15992,834

87191,96318,3258,971

134

4,2602,4031,643

17,599

4,0752,2901,592

16,946

124,23641,44131,746

7,126

34,284

37,69717,05313,39818,1673,663

1,7931,636

41

111,78693,650

91092,74018,1368,792

133

4,4052,3631,780

17,660

4,1862,2121,744

16,969

1 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from theirjobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, orindustrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons whousually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference weekfor reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 andearlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofEmployment and Earnings.

15



A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Age and sex1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


Total, 16 years and over ...

16 to 24 years16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 years and over












119,941

17,6485,5262,1623,375

12,122102,31087,47914,787

64,971

9,1792,7991,1061,7016,380

55,82347,496

8,318

54,970

8,4692,7271,0561,6745,742

46,48739,9836,469

120,332

17,6635,5942,1943,406

12,069

120,661

17,7095,5862,2403,350

12,123102,665 102,97687,96814,806

65,144

9,1712,8291,1331,7056,342

55,97047,791

8,241

55,188

8,4922,7651,0611,7015,727

46,69540,1776,565

88,19714,831

65,259

9,1652,8151,1521,6706,350

56,08947,860

8,253

55,402

8,5442,7711,0881,6805,773

46,88740,337

6,578

121,971

18,6376,1152,4353,657

12,522103,31288,30815,036

65,963

9,7113,1211,2201,8866,590

56,24447,944

8,333

56,007

8,9262,9941,2151,7715,932

47,06940,3646,703

122,258 122,037

18,8986,0762,3513,706

12,822103,40288,58214,862

65,921

9,9393,1431,2051,9256,795

56,03547,943

8,115

56,336

8,9592,9331,1471,7816,026

47,36740,640

6,747

18,7236,0592,3633,674

12,664

122,338

18,7986,1162,4083,704

12,683103,352 103,45188,75014,614

65,940

9,7543,0831,1971,8766,671

56,20348,173

8,036

56,097

8,9702,9761,1671,7995,993

47,14940,578

6,578

88,70914,709

66,036

9,8083,0781,2421,8426,730

56,18248,117

8,070

56,302

8,9913,0381,1661,8625,953

47,26940,5916,639

122,872

19,0066,1592,5103,661

12,847103,95188,91514,939

66,301

9,9403,1091,2621,8456,831

56,38748,191

8,126

56,571

9,0663,0501,2481,8166,016

47,56440,724

6,813

122,430

19,1936,3332,5303,765

12,860103,29988,49714,784

66,135

9,9923,2191,2511,9446,772

56,17448,046

8,116

56,295

9,2013,1141,2781,8216,088

47,12540,4516,668

122,452

18,7766,1682,4993,673

12,608103,70688,90114,730

66,036

9,8033,1471,2911,8666,657

56,23248,064

8,102

56,416

8,9733,0211,2081,8075,952

47,47340,837

6,628

123,166 123,628

18,9186,2392,5933,653

12,679104,18789,33414,916

66,452

9,9613,2361,2951,9246,725

56,43248,1638,255

56,714

8,9583,0031,2991,7295,955

47,75441,171

6,661

18,8126,0462,5503,498

12,767

124,236

19,1186,2072,6563,529

12,911104,856 105,19389,93014,909

66,572

3,1511,3491,8066,818

56,62248,382

8,259

57,056

8,8432,8951,2011,6925,949

48,23441,548

6,650

90,02015,053

67,086

10,1583,2551,4081,8236,903

56,97648,595

8,364

57,150

8,9602,9531,2481,7066,008

48,21741,4266,690

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 andearlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofEmployment and Earnings.

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Age and sex1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

















8,639

2,6161,286

566724

1,3306,0165,369

699

4,849

1,475715312404760

3,3652,961

417

3,790

1,141571254320570

2,6512,408

282

8,330

2,5681,249

566687

1,3195,7475,124

649

4,586

1,438703314388735

3,1412,755

391

3,744

1,130546252299584

2,6062,369

258

8,237

2,4801,208

527689

1,2725,7505,106

657

4,554

1,389677286390712

3,1712,774

411

3,683

1,091531241299560

2,5792,332

246

8,696

2,9221,378

654700

1,5445,8575,107

723

4,781

1,670816384418854

3,1942,787

408

3,916

1,252562271283690

2,6642,320

315

8,518

2,7531,325

656668

1,4285,7385,075

670

4,723

1,530737338397793

3,1692,782

401

3,795

1,223588318272635

2,5682,293

269

8,543

2,8551,311

586725

1,5435,6804,993

700

4,589

1,559723341386835

3,0102,625

385

3,954

1,296588245339708

2,6702,369

316

8,408

2,9211,520

765764

1,4005,4694,793

644

4,585

1,627843421427784

2,9542,557

373

3,823

1,294678344337617

2,5152,236

272

7,902

2,7091,375

648738

1,3335,1824,517

641

4,283

1,538783377418754

2,7292,350

368

3,619

1,171592271320579

2,4532,167

274

7,817

2,6201,292

638669

1,3285,2054,581

601

4,193

1,431700355363730

2,7542,410

340

3,625

1,189591283306598

2,4512,172

261

8,005

2,7071,327

649670

1,3805,2964,666

644

4,478

1,558771341424787

2,9192,524

395

3,528

1,149555308247593

2,3772,142

250

8,023

2,7531,320

648668

1,4325,2694,582

4,381

1,552741344392811

2,8332,440

373

3,642

1,200579304276621

2,4362,142

294

7,715

2,5781,240

586656

1,3385,1534,553

579

4,123

1,419705323381714

2,7272,364

341

3,592

1,159535263275624

2,4272,188

238

7,600

2,5571,296

553747

1.2615,0794,463

622

4,155

1,423709297419714

2,7622,362

371

3,445

1,134587256327547

2,3162,102

250



16


A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted


Age and sex1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994







Men, 16 years and over ....










6.7

12.918.920.717.79.95.65.84.5

6.9

13.820.322.019.210.65.75.94.8

6.4

11.917.319.416.09.05.45.74.2

6.5

12.718.320.516.89.95.35.54.2

6.6

13.619.921.718.510.45.35.54.5

6.4

11.716.519.214.99.35.35.63.8

6.4

12.317.819.017.19.55.35.54.2

6.5

13.219.419.918.910.15.45.54.7

6.2

11.316.118.115.18.85.25.53.6

6.7

13.618.421.216.111.05.45.54.6

6.8

14.720.723.918.111.55.45.54.7

6.5

12.315.818.213.810.45.45.44.5

6.5

12.717.921.815.310.05.35.44.3

6.7

13.319.021.917.110.55.45.54.7

6.3

12.016.721.713.29.55.15.33.8

6.5

13.217.819.916.510.95.25.34.6

6.5

13.819.022.217.111.15.15.24.6

6.6

12.616.517.415.810.65.45.54.6

6.4

13.419.924.117.19.95.05.14.2

6.5

14.221.525.318.810.45.05.04.4

6.4

12.618.222.815.39.45.15.23.9

6.0

12.518.320.516.89.44.74.84.1

6.1

13.420.123.018.59.94.64.74.3

6.0

11.416.317.815.08.84.95.13.9

6.0

12.016.920.115.19.44.84.93.9

6.0

12.517.922.115.79.74.74.84.0

6.0

11.416.018.114.48.94.95.13.8

6.1

12.617.720.615.49.94.95.04.2

6.3

13.719.720.918.510.64.95.04.6

5.9

11.315.520.312.09.14.85.03.6

6.1

12.717.520.015.510.24.84.94.3

6.2

13.518.621.016.910.84.84.84.3

6.0

11.816.219.013.89.44.94.94.2

5.9

12.117.018.715.89.54.74.83.7

5.8

12.518.319.317.49.54.64.74.0

5.9

11.615.618.014.09.54.85.03.4

5.8

11.817.317.217.58.94.64.74.0

5.8

12.317.917.418.79.44.64.64.3

5.7

11.216.617.016.18.34.64.83.6



17



A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted

Category1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


CHARACTERISTIC

TotalMen, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

WhiteBlack and otherBlackHispanic origin

Married men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

OCCUPATION1

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrative supportPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workersGoods-producing industries

MiningConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable goods

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Government workersAgricultural wage and salary workers

6.76.25.8

18.9

6.110.911.911.4

4.44.89.3

2.85.37.99.88.1

6.98.46.5

13.76.96.96.96.35.57.93.75.93.1

11.8

6.55.95.7

18.3

5.611.312.510.4

4.04.49.0

2.95.26.79.27.8

6.78.07.2

12.26.76.57.06.25.27.73.75.93.0

10.3

6.45.85.7

17.8

5.610.711.510.5

3.94.3

10.2

2.85.17.49.18.7

6.67.96.9

12.76.56.36.86.25.17.43.75.93.1

11.3

6.75.96.0

18.4

5.811.613.110.6

4.14.49.4

2.95.47.0

10.08.4

7.07.85.1

13.96.15.37.36.75.58.13.76.63.8

13.6

6.56.05.7

17.9

5.611.312.910.0

4.34.39.7

2.95.46.89.58.8

6.87.64.0

13.36.15.57.16.55.28.03.66.33.2

14.3

6.55.86.0

17.8

5.711.312.510.0

4.14.49.6

2.75.77.28.8

10.3

6.87.75.5

13.56.15.76.86.44.77.92.96.53.9

13.8

6.45.65.6

19.9

5.610.811.810.8

3.94.19.1

2.65.26.59.88.2

6.67.36.8

12.65.85.56.36.35.67.73.46.13.5

10.7

6.05.25.4

18.3

5.210.411.59.5

3.74.08.9

2.35.26.58.87.3

6.26.97.6

11.65.55.25.86.04.67.33.55.83.38.3

6.05.35.4

16.9

5.310.211.210.3

3.54.38.7

3.05.26.18.46.9

6.26.86.2

11.85.35.05.66.04.77.14.15.93.98.4

6.15.65.3

17.7

5.410.411.210.1

3.74.07.8

2.64.75.79.69.7

6.46.96.1

10.95.85.75.96.25.37.53.75.93.4

12.6

6.15.45.4

17.5

5.310.811.510.2

3.54.28.9

2.55.06.28.98.6

6.26.55.1

10.55.45.55.26.14.97.53.85.83.7

11.1

5.95.15.3

17.0

5.110.310.710.2

3.44.19.0

2.54.76.18.58.1

6.06.65.5

10.75.45.45.45.84.56.94.55.53.1

10.9

5.85.15.0

17.3

5.010.611.49.4

3.34.08.9

2.54.55.78.78.6

5.96.34.4

10.55.14.75.65.84.37.43.45.33.19.8

1 Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not availablebecause the seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/orirregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficientprecision.

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 andearlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofEmployment and Earnings.

18



A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Reasons for unemployment

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsOn temporary layoffNot on temporary layoff

Job leaversReentrants . . .New entrants

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

On temporary layoffNot on temporary layoff

Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

1993

Oct.

4,7791,2163,563

9572,084

839

100 055.214041 111 124.1

97

3.7.7

1 6.7

Nov.

4,444963

3,481960

2,084833

100 053.411 641 811 525.0100

3.5.7

1 6.6

Dec.

4,4421,0603,382

9322,018

797

100 054.212941 311 424.697

3.4.7

1 6.6

1994

Jan.

4,4421,1963,246

7622,831

651

100 051.113 837 4

8832.6

75

3.4.6

22.5

Feb.

4,1851,1093,075

8882,898

641

100 048.612935 710333.774

3.27

22.5

Mar.

4,037983

3,054873

3,054643

100 046.911 435 510 135.5

75

3.1.7

23.5

Apr.

3,790947

2,843825

3,235689

100 044.411 133 3

9737.98 1

2.96

25.5

May

3,531785

2,746796

2,838609

100 045.410 135 310236.5

78

2.76

22.5

June

3,664911

2,753782

2,798462

100 047.511 835 710236.360

2.86

2 1.4

July

3,9041,0532,851

7552,781

587

100 048.613 135 5

9434.7

73

3.06

2 1.4

Aug.

3,8131,0222,791

7512,779

650

100 047 712834 9

9434.8

8 1

2.96

2 1.5

Sept.

3,570791

2,779892

2,579611

100 046 710336 311 733.7

80

2.77

20.5

Oct.

3,528808

2,720767

2,614616

100 046 910736 110234.7

82

2.76

20.5

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994issue of Employment and Earnings.

A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Duration1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994



Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over

15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .Median duration, in weeks


Total unemployedLess than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


3,1562,4913,0301,2841,746

18.48.3

100.036.428.734.914.820.1

2,9462,4012,9711,2161,755

18.98.5

100.035.428.935.714.621.1

3,0632,2472,8641,1501,714

18.28.2

100.037.527.535.014.121.0

3,3492,3363,0271,3141,713

18.38.5

100.038.426.834.715.119.7

2,5742,7273,1031,3591,744

18.79.0

100.030.632.536.916.220.8

2,7582,5493,1101,2641,847

19.29.1

100.032.830.337.015.021.9

2,8632,4342,9511,1681,782

19.19.2

100.034.729.535.814.221.6

2,6312,4372,8011,0931,708

19.69.2

100.033.431.035.613.921.7

2,8502,4832,6831,1511,532

18.38.9

100.035.631.033.514.419.1

2,8712,3612,8551,2691,586

19.29.3

100.035.529.235.315.719.6

2,6182,6322,7931,2191,575

19.29.0

100.032.532.734.715.219.6

2,6682,3062,8411,2491,593

19.210.0

100.034.129.536.416.020.4

2,3782,3063,0261,4031,623

19.610.4

100.030.829.939.318.221.1



19


HOUSEHOLD DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race


Age, sex, and race

October 1994

Civiliannoninsti-tutionai

population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not

laborforce

TOTAL

16 years and over16 to 19 years



25 to 34 years25 to 29 years30 to 34 years




65 years and over65 to 69 years70 to 74 years75 years and over

Men









Women









197,43014,2617,3076,954

18,314113,04641,11519,16221,95441,80721,95419,85330,12416,88413,23920,66610,7809,887

31,1419,7108,589

12,843

94,6717,2323,7483,4849,079

55,55220,231

9,41210,81820,60210,8249,779

14,7208,2916,4299,8265,1724,654

12,9814,3803,7634,839

102,7587,0293,5583,4719,235

57,49420,8859,749

11,13521,20511,13010,07415,4048,5946,811

10,8405,6075,233

18,1605,3304,8268,004

131,8797,1853,0584,127

14,06494,87834,46615,95318,51335,69718,64217,05524,71414,29710,41711,8877,3554,5313,8652,1811,010

675

71,1683,7761,6152,1617,553

51,10218,8138,679

10,13419,15610,0509,105

13,1347,5625,5716,5394,0292,5092,1981,200

615383

60,7113,4091,4431,9666,512

43,77515,6547,2748,379

16,5418,5927,949

11,5816,7354,8465,3483,3262,0221,667

980394292

66.850.441.959.376.883.983.883.384.385.484.985.982.084.778.757.568.245.812.422.511.85.3

75.252.243.162.083.292.093.092.293.793.092.993.189.291.286.766.577.953.916.927.416.47.9

59.148.540.556.770.576.175.074.675.278.077.278.975.278.471.149.359.338.6

9.218.48.23.7

124,7245,9572,5413,416

12,89190,70732,60314,99417,60934,27317,82016,45223,83113,78610,04511,4667,0624,4043,7022,078

974651

67,4243,1291,3401,7896,913

48,99017,8698,1659,704

18,4369,6438,794

12,6857,3135,3726,2913,8552,4362,1001,138

595367

57,3012,8281,2011,6275,978

41,71814,7356,8297,90615,8368,1787,65911,1476,4734,6735,1753,2071,9681,603940378284

63.241.834.849.170.480.279.378.380.282.081.282.979.181.675.955.565.544.511.921.411.35.1

71.243.335.851.476.188.288.386.789.789.589.189.986.288.283.664.074.552.416.226.015.87.6

55.840.233.746.964.772.670.670.071.074.773.576.072.475.368.647.757.237.68.817.67.83.5

3,523257145112320

2,15476336140180041738359230728544324519834816210086

2,59621812098

2641,5475762663105732882853992141853041641392621237464

92739251456

6071879592

2271299819392100139805986392621

121,2025,7002,3963,30412,57188,55331,84114,63317,20833,47217,40316,06923,24013,4799,76011,0236,8174,2063,3541,916874565

64,8282,9111,2201,6916,649

47,44217,2937,8999,394

17,8649,3558,509

12,2867,0985,1875,9883,6912,2971,8381,014

521302

56,3742,7891,1761,6135,922

41,11114,5486,7347,81415,6098,0487,56010,9546,3814,5735,0363,1271,9091,517902352263

7,1551,228517711

1,1734,1701,863959904

1,4258226038835113724212941271631033625

3,745647275371639

2,1129445144307204083124492501992481757399632016

3,410581242339534

2,05891944547470541429143426217217311954644016

5.417.116.917.28.34.45.46.04.94.04.43.53.63.63.63.54.02.84.24.73.53.6

5.317.117.017.28.54.15.05.94.23.84.13.43.43.33.63.84.32.94.55.23.24.3

5.617.016.817.38.24.75.96.15.74.34.83.73.73.93.63.23.62.73.94.14.12.8

65,5507,0764,2492,8274,25018,1696,6493,2093,4406,1103,3122,7985,4102,5872,8228,7803,4245,355

27,2767,5297,57912,168

23,5033,4562,1331,3231,5264,4501,418734684

1,446773673

1,586729857

3,2881,1432,14510,7833,1803,1474,456

42,0473,6202,1161,5042,72413,7185,2312,4752,7564,6642,5392,1253,8241,8591,9655,4922,2813,211

16,4934,3494,4327,712

20



A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

October 1994


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not

laborforce

WHITE









Men









Women




25 to 34 years •..25 to 29 years30 to 34 years





165,95411,3075,7475,559

14,61294,23833,72315,57618,14734,78318,18816,59525,73214,38211,35117,9339,3208,613

27,8658,5847,647

11,634

80,2745,7702,9572,8137,310

46,89016,8457,7739,073

17,3529,0868,266

12,6937,1225,5718,6244,5214,103

11,6803,9213,3494,409

85,6815,5372,7902,7467,302

47,34816,8777,8039,074

17,4319,1028,329

13,0407,2605,7809,3094,7994,510

16,1854,6634,2987,224

111,5776,0522,6283,424

11,54280,00128,68513,18515,50129,96215,59914,36221,35412,3139,040

10,4426,4214,0213,5402,007

929604

60,8933,1891,3941,7966,243

43,63315,8657,2618,60416,2988,5417,75711,4706,5884,8825,7963,5422,2542,0321,101570361

50,6842,8621,2341,6285,299

36,36812,8215,9246,897

13,6647,0586,6069,8835,7254,1584,6462,8801,7671,508

906359244

67.253.545.761.679.084.985.184.685.486.185.886.583.085.679.658.268.946.712.723.412.15.2

75.955.347.163.885.493.194.293.494.893.994.093.890.492.587.667.278.354.917.428.117.08.2

59.251.744.259.372.676.876.075.976.078.477.579.375.878.971.949.960.039.29.3

19.48.33.4

106,4355,2092,2332,975

10,75676,98227,37412,53114,84328,93614,99213,94420,67111,9138,758

10,0946,1713,9233,3941,913

894587

58,1562,7461,1941,5525,789

42,08915,1756,9008,274

15,7788,2437,535

11,1356,3974,7385,5863,3902,1961,9461,045

552349

48,2792,4621,0401,4234,967

34,89312,1995,6316,56913,1586,7496,4099,5365,5164,0204,5092,7821,7271,448868342238

64.146.138.953.573.681.781.280.581.883.282.484.080.382.877.256.366.245.512.222.311.75.0

72.447.640.455.279.289.890.188.891.290.990.791.287.789.885.164.875.053.516.726.616.57.9

56.344.537.351.868.073.772.372.272.475.574.276.973.176.069.548.458.038.38.918.68.03.3

3,273254144110276

1,9726823163657373783595532802734302351953411589885

2,38721511897

2281,3955092342765182532643681921762941581362551207264

392513485771728389

219124951868997136775986382621

103,1634,9552,0902,86510,48175,01026,69212,21514,47828,19914,61413,58520,11811,6338,4859,6645,9363,7283,0531,755796502

55,7692,5311,0751,4565,561

40,69414,6656,6677,999

15,2617,9907,271

10,7686,2064,5625,2923,2322,0601,691

925480286

47,3932,4241,0141,4104,919

34,31612,0275,5486,47912,9386,6256,3149,3505,4273,9234,3722,7041,6681,362830316216

5,141843394449786

3,0191,311654658

1,02660741868240028234825098146943518

2,737443200243454

1,5446903603295192982213351911442101525886561812

2,404400194205332

1,4756212933285063091973472091381389840603817

4.613.915.013.16.83.84.65.04.23.43.92.93.23.23.13.33.92.44.14.73.72.9

4.513.914.413.67.33.54.35.03.83.23.52.92.92.93.03.64.32.64.25.13.13.2

4.714.015.712.66.34.14.85.04.83.74.43.03.53.73.33.03.42.34.04.24.62.4

54,3775,2553,1202,1353,07014,2375,0372,3912,6464,8212,5882,2334,3792,0682,3117,4902,8984,59224,3256,5786,71811,029

19,3812,5801,5631,0171,0673,257981512469

1,054545509

1,222534689

2,828979

1,8489,6482,8212,7794,049

34,9972,6751,5571,1182,00210,9804,0571,8802,1773,7672,0431,7243,1561,5341,6224,6631,9192,74314,6773,7573,9406,981

21



A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

October 1994

Civiliannoninsti-tutionai

population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Notin

laborforce

BLACK









Men









Women









22,9902,2231,2021,0212,64113,5395,3262,5172,8095,0852,7522,3333,1291,8021,3272,0521,095957

2,535848737950

10,3131,092595497

1,2336,1062,3691,0941,2752,3251,2691,0561,412819593892481410990346319326

12,6781,131607525

1,4087,4332,9571,4231,5342,7601,4831,2771,716983734

1,160614546

1,545502418624

14,716860335526

1,84510,7264,2131,9732,2404,1582,2321,9262,3561,422934

1,0336743592521326555

7,199439164275942

5,1812,071971

1,1002,0021,078924

1,108656452511341171126723717

7,517421170251903

5,5462,1411,0021,1402,1561,1541,0021,249766482521333188126602838

64.038.727.851.569.979.279.178.479.781.881.182.575.378.970.450.361.537.59.9

15.58.85.8

69.840.227.655.376.484.887.488.886.386.184.987.578.480.076.2 '57.470.841.612.720.911.55.1

59.337.228.147.864.174.672.470.474.378.177.878.472.778.065.744.954.234.48.2

11.96.76.1

13,146535231304

1,5219,8703,7851,7352,0503.8622,0731,7892,2241,345

8799826443382371266348

6,442281106176786

4,7741,891

8581,0331,848

999849

1,035618417485323161116693512

6,704254125129735

5,0961,894

8761,0182,0141,074

9391,189

727462498321177121572836

57.224.119.229.857.672.971.168.973.075.975.376.771.174.666.347.958.835.49.4

14.98.65.1

62.525.817.835.463.778.279.878.581.079.578.780.473.375.470.454.367.139.311.820.010.93.8

52.922.420.724.552.268.664.061.666.473.072.573.569.374.062.942.952.232.4

7.811.36.75.8

269646281830171419119

1182322

2282351718291712191029852322

21

4141212

13,012536232304

1,4959,7753,7391,7072,0323,8312,0561,7752,2041,334

8709726363362351246249

6,329282106176763

4,6921,856

8421,0151,819

982837

1,016608409477318159114683313

6,683254125128731

5,0821,882

8651,0182,0121,074

9381,188

727462495318177121572836

1,570325104221324856428238189296159137132775550302014627

7571585999

15640618011367

1547975723835271899324

81316745

122168450247125122142796360402023121153

10.737.831.042.117.68.0

10.212.18.57.17.17.15.65.45.94.84.45.75.74.4

10.535.935.736.116.67.88.7

11.66.17.77.38.16.55.77.75.35.25.47.2

0)

10.839.726.448.718.68.1

11.612.510.76.66.96.34.85.24.24.43.65.94.2

(1)

0

8,2751,363

867495796

2,8131,113

544569927520407773380393

1,020422598

2,283716672895

3,114653431222291925298123175323191132305164141380141240865274282309

5,160710436274505

1,888816422394604329275468216252639281358

1,419443390586

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.

For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey EffectiveJanuary 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

22



A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age


Employment status andrace

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men, 20 years andover

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women, 20 years andover

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Both sexes, 16 to 19years

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population .Civilian labor force




Not in labor force

White

Civilian noninstitutional population .Civilian labor force




Not in labor force

Black

Civilian noninstitutional population .Civilian labor force s



Unemployed ....Unemployment rate

Not in labor force

194,151128,547

66.2120,446

3,071117,375

8,1016.3

65,604

164,309109,876

66.9103,673

2,869100,803

6,2045.6

54,433

22,44213,928

62.112,384

13512,2481,54411.1

8,514

197,430131,879

66.8124,724

3,523121,202

7,1555.4

65,550

165,954111,577

67.2106,435

3,273103,163

5,1414.6

54,377

22,99014,716

64.013,146

13413,0121,57010.7

8,275

86,15666,305

77.062,6172,306

60,3113,688

5.619,851

73,90157,344

77.654,4812,127

52,3542,863

5.016,558

9,0716,492

71.65,846

1205,726

64610.0

2,579

87,43967,392

77.164,294

2,37761,917

3,0984.6

20,047

74,50457,703

77.555,4102,172

53,2382,294

4.016,800

9,2216,760

73.36,161

1156,046

5998.9

2,461

94,65655,716

58.952,526

60751,9193,190

5.738,940

79,78246,866

58.744,467

59043,878

2,3995.1

32,916

11,2516,778

60.26>121

116,109

6579.7

4,473

95,72957,302

59.954,473

88853,5852,829

4.938,427

80,14447,822

59.745,817

84844,969

2,0054.2

32,322

11,5467,09661.5

6,45021

6,4296469.1

4,451

13,3396,52648.9

5,303158

5,1451,223

18.76,813

10,6255,66653.3

4,724152

4,57294216.6

4,959

2,12165831.0417

441324136.7

1,462

14,2617,185

50.45,957

2575,7001,228

17.17,076

11,3076,052

53.55,209

2544,955

84313.9

5,255

2,22386038.7535

53632537.8

1,363

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current


23



A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educationalattainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin


Enrollment status, educationalattainment, race, and Hispanic origin


population

16,91311,1045,810

8,0708,8437,2261,618

8,4415,6602,781

4,2854,1563,471

684

8,4735,4443,029

3,7854,6883,754

934

13,4618,8104,651

6,7496,712

6,2847,1775,8481,329

2,4301,721

709

1,1561,274

1,3941,036

855181

1,7321,230

501

892839

1,051680430

,• 250

October 1994


Total

8,6034,9483,655

3,4155,1893,7551,434

4,2372,5111,726

1,8302,4071,799

607

4,3672,4381,929

1,5852,7821,955

827

7,2664,2213,045

3,5933,673

2,8794,3873,1951,191

936553383

435501

430506354152

729404325

375355

301428221207

Percent ofpopulation

50.944.662.9

42.358.752.088.7

50.244.462.1

42.757.951.888.8

51.544.863.7

41.959.352.188.6

54.047.965.5

53.254.7

45.861.154.689.6

38.532.254.0

37.739.3

30.948.941.484.2

42.132.964.9

42.042.3

28.762.951.482.6

Employed

Total

7,6684,1843,484

2,8064,8623,4731,389

3,7422,1131,629

1,5062,2351,649

586

3,9262,0711,855

1,3002,6261,824

803

6,6103,6722,938

3,2303,380

2,4454,1653,0041,161

701367334

337364

274427285142

621311310

314306

219402203198

Fulltime

1,484356

1,127

1681,315

488827

739185553

104634252382

745171574

64681236445

1,253305948

634619

1381,114

429685

15339

114

6687

221314586

16941

128

9772

3513427

107

Parttime

6,1843,8282,356

2,6383,5462,985

561

3,0031,9281,075

1,4021,6011,398

204

3,1811,9001,281

1,2361,9451,587

358

5,3573,3671,990

2,5962,761

2,3063,0512,575

476

548328220

271277

252296240

57

451270182

217234

18426717691

Unemployed

Total

935764172

60832728246

495397

97

32417115021

440366

74

28415613224

656549107

363293

43522219130

23518649

98137

156796910

1099415

6048

8226188

Lookingfor

full-timework

16510461

80856718

925240

43503812

725221

373529

6

845826

5529

50342411

734231

3043

3042384

22174

184

1655

Lookingfor

part-timework

771660111

528242215

27

402345

57

281121112

9

368315

54

247121103

18

572491

81

308264

38518716720

162144

18

6894

12637316

877611

4345

662113. 8

Percentof

laborforce

10.915.44.7

17.86.37.53.2

11.715.85.6

17.77.18.33.5

10.115.03.8

18.05.66.73.0

9.013.03.5

10.18.0

15.15.16.02.5

25.133.612.7

22.527.4

36.315.619.56.5

14.923.14.7

16.113.7

27.36.28.24.0

TOTAL ENROLLED

Total, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time studentsPart-time students

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


White


MenWomen

High schoolCollege


Black


Men ...Women ,

High schoolCollege


Hispanic origin


MenWomen

High schoolCollege



24



A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educationalattainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued


Enrollment status, educationalattainment, race, and Hispanic origin

October 1994


population


TotalPercent ofpopulation

Employed

TotalFulltime

Parttime

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED


Less than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeLess than a bachelor's degreeCollege graduates

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


White


MenWomen


Black


MenWomen


Hispanic origin


MenWomen


15,6623,158

12,504

3,6796,8163,5841,583

7,8701,5726,298

1,9723,5281,669

702

7,7921,5856,206

1,7073,2891,915

881

12,4572,4979,961

6,3306,127

2,7925,4112,8761,378

2,434502

1,932

1,1691,265

6161,135

560123

2,671584

2,087

1,4511,219

1,30891837867

12,6462,237

10,409

2,2755,6533,2291,490

7,0921,2665,827

1,5963,2211,593

682

5,554971

4,582

6792,4311,636

807

10,3281,8308,498

5,8394,489

1,8034,5882,6301,307

1,769307

1,462

946823

325851483110

1,936362

1,573

1,305631

83071832761

80.770.883.2

61.882.990.194.1

90.180.592.5

80.991.395.497.2

71.361.373.8

39.873.985.491.6

82.973.385.3

92.273.3

64.684.891.494.8

72.761.175.7

80.965.1

52.874.986.289.9

72.562.175.4

89.951.7

63.478.286.5

11,1801,7739,407

1,8015,0082,9721,399

6,3011,0165,285

1,3122,8781,468

642

4,879756

4,123

4892,1301,503

757

9,3551,5367,819

5,3054,050

1,4764,1672,4771,235

1,355168

1,187

729625

212654383106

1,683280

1,403

1,173510

71561329956

9,3311,2538,078

1,4404,0822,5201,290

5,599821

4,777

1,1192,5211,347610

3,733432

3,301

3211,5611,173679

7,8761,1116,765

4,7693,108

1,2103,4092,1221,136

1,072106967

598474

141524307

1,442209

1,233

1,049393

617514256

55

1,849520

1,329

361926452110

703195508

19235712132

1,146325821

168569331

78

1,479425

1,053

537942

267758355

99

28262

220

132151

70130767

24172

170

124117

98100

431

1,466464

1,002

474644257

90

791249542

28434312440

675215460

19030113350

973294679

534439

32742115371

414139276

216198

113197100

5

25282

170

132120

11510528

5

1,336407929

41859124186

746231514

264323121

38

590176414

15526812048

871254616

499372

285380139

67

396129267

212184

10618897

5

21771

146

112104

929426

5

1305773

565316

4

461828

212042

843945

3534132

1024062

3567

4242144

18109

514

792

361125

2016

23113

11.620.89.6

20.911.48.06.1

11.219.79.3

17.810.67.85.8

12.122.110.0

28.012.48.16.2

9.416.18.0

9.19.8

18.19.25.85.5

23.445.318.8

22.924.1

34.923.120.64.2

.13.022.610.8

10.119.0

13.814.68.6

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not

enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school andcollege students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origingroups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not

presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black populationgroups. Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlieryears. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population SurveyEffective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

25



A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

(In thousands)

Age, sex, and race

October 1994

Employed1

Full-time workers

Total

At work

35hours

ormore

1 to 34hours foreconomic

ornoneconomic

reasons

Notat

work

Part-time workers

Total

At work2

Part time foreconomicreasons

Part timefor

noneconomicreasons

Notat

work

Unemployed

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years18 to 19 years ,

20 years and over ,20 to 24 years25 years and over

25 to 54 years '.55 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over .'.

25 to 54 years ....55 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years ,20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over ......


White

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over f....


Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



Black

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years ,20 years and over


25 to 54 years ,55 years and over .'.

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



101,0511,609175

1,43599,4429,206

90,23679,31510,921

59,5981,007

58,5925,33153,26146,5586,703

41,453603

40,8503,87536,97532,7574,218

51,511896

50,6134,50546,10840,1245,985

34,202518

33,6853,209

30,47626,859. 3,617

5,63681

5,554583

4,9714,474498

5,46964

5,405497

4,9084,462446

85,7811,307144

1,16484,4737,94576,52967,7118,817

51,789832

50,9574,73946,21840,7055,514

33.992475

33,5163.20630,31027.0073,303

44,835742

44,0934,02440,07035,1664,904

27,956403

27,5532,66024,89322,0782,816

4,82369

4,754494

4,2613,837423

4,50754

4,453395

4,0583,692366

11,98425628228

11,7281,06410,6649,1231,541

6,073136

5,937523

5,4144,565849

5,910120

5,791541

5,2504,558691

5,174126

5,048423

4,6253,857768

4,939108

4,831456

4,3753,774602

6415

6358255449658

7838

77577

69863761

3,28746343

3,241197

3,0432,481563

1,73638

1,69869

1,6281,289340

1,5518

1,543128

1,4151,192223

1,50230

1,47158

1,4131,101313

1,3087

1,30093

1,2071,007200

1727

1658

15714117

1791

1782615213319

23,6734,3482,3671,981

19,3253,68515,64011,3924,248

7,8262,1235,7031,5834,1202,4321,688

15,8482,22513,6232,10211,5208,9602.560

6,6451,8484,7971,2853,5131,9651,548

14,0771,94512,1321,75910,3748,0342,339

806200607203404301103

1,235190

1,044238807634173

3,14028939250

2,851607

2,2442,001243

1,336111

1,22529293386073

1,804178

1,626315

1,3111,141170

1,0348495122672466559

1,416147

1,269249

1,020882138

21222190511391345

3002127956

22320023

19,3553,9172,2421,67515,4382,973

12,4668,8153,651

6,1361,9444,1931,2552,9381,4541,483

13,2191,973

11,2461,7189,5287,3612,167

5,3171,7183,5991,0232,5761,2171,359

11,9221,733

10,1891,4558,7346,7381,996

54616038615223413797

883165718173545407138

1,1781428656

1,036106930575355

3536828536249117132

8247475170

- 681459222

294462483521383130

7396567455620414206

491830

31301

524479392712

5,671511102409

5,160990

4,1703,737433

3,149283

2,865555

2,3112,030281

2,522227

2,295435

1,8601,707153

2,269173

2,096381

1,7151,477239

1,713139

1,574262

1,3121,188124

6679157615042639431

6488056814742140318

1,484717415302767183583433150

596363233851488266

8883545349943535184

468270198731256857

6912604317036128774

906723617125

165877821574710

1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usualweekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during thereference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usualstatus.

2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for

working part time.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier

years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population SurveyEffective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

26



A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

16 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men

16 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

20 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women

16 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

20 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Total

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerial

Officials and administrators, public administrationOther executive, administrative, and managerialManagement-related occupations

Professional specialtyEngineersMathematical and computer scientistsNatural scientistsHealth diagnosing occupationsHealth assessment and treating occupationsTeachers, college and universityTeachers, except college and universityLawyers and judgesOther professional specialty occupations

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related support

Health technologists and techniciansEngineering and science techniciansTechnicians, except health, engineering, and science

Sales occupationsSupervisors and proprietorsSales representatives, finance and business servicesSales representatives, commodities, except retailSales workers, retail and personal servicesSales-related occupations

Administrative support, including clericalSupervisorsComputer equipment operatorsSecretaries, stenographers, and typistsFinancial records processingMail and message distributingOther administrative support, including clerical

Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective

Food serviceHealth serviceCleaning and building servicePersonal service

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupations

Motor vehicle operatorsOther transportation and material moving occupations

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborersConstruction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishingFarm operators and managersOther farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

120,446

32,80915,500

66810,7634,069

17,3091,7731,045

562851

2,745860

4,520816

4,137

36,7763,9131,5781,1441,191

14,1123,9372,3851,5316,183

7818,751

895516

4,0302,293

94010,076

16,409983

2,04913,3775,6632,2462,8842,583

13,7204,6215,1653,934

17,3727,5415,1433,9401,2034,688

7163,972

3,3601,1542,206

124,724

34,46216,621

69711,6624,262

17,8401,9131,195

511953

2,745925

4,382877

4,338

37,5083,9551,5831,1961,176

14,9494,4232,4361,4676,497

12718,605

814534

4,0742,2211,0389,924

16,848757

2,27913,8125,9802,1592,8772,795

13,6924,3565,2054,131

18,5038,0735,2313,9861,2465,199

8564,343

3,7111,4682,243

65,318

17,1029,102

3736,7641,9648,0001,602

702378659357473

1,129640

2,060

13,2441,926

286920720

7,2762,4541,4281,2172,134

434,043

35918590

223569

2,616

6,56941

1,7254,8032,364

2861,659

493

12,5524,4745,0593,020

12,9884,5984,6253,4701,1553,764

6783,085

2,8621,0151,847

67,424

17,9269,515

4027,1122,0018,4111,753

111328729404501

1,071665

2,184

13,3481,906

287903717

7,4852,6811,4641,1292,175

373,956

32719962

196641

2,531

6,81933

1,8994,8872,503

2421,606

536

12,4224,1565,0723,194

13,9374,9594,7433,5451,1984,235

8213,414

2,9721,0891,884

62,617

16,9989,056

3736,7271,9557,9421,597

703378659357466

1,120639

2,023

12,6561,907

286907714

6,9092,4391,4141,2141,801

403,841

36017688

216548

2,453

5,76633

1,7064,0261,755

2631,560

448

12,3384,3724,9812,985

12,1544,4534,5433,4011,1423,159628

2,531

2,7051,0041,701

64,294

17,8329,473402

7,0751,9978,3581,752776328729404499

1,062665

2,144

12,7191,881285890706

7,0562,6751,458-1,1251,762

363,78332618857191622

2,399

5,90627

1,8734,0071,774226

1,535471

12,1834,0904,9483,144

12,9374,7574,6353,4581,1773,545

7712,773

2,7171,0511,666

55,128

15,7076,398

2953,9992,1049,309

170343184192

2,388387

3,392176

2,077

23,5321,9871,292

225470

6,8361,482

957314

4,04934

14,708536332

3,9392,070

3717,460

9,839942324

8,5743,2981,9601,2252,091

1,168148106914

4,3852,943

518470

48924

38886

499140359

57,301

16,5357,106

2954,5502,2619,429

160419183225

2,341424

3,311212

2,154

24,1612,0481,296

293459

7,4631,742

972337

4,32290

14,649486334

4,0122,026

3977,393

10,029724381

8,9253,4771,9171,2722,259

1,270200133938

4,5663,114

488441

47965

35930

739379360

52,526

15,6056,372

2953,9752,1029,233

170343184192

2,389381

3,347176

2,052

22,2561,9591,285

208466

6,0101,468

948307

3,25335

14,287536320

3,8642,046

3577,164

8,845811310

7,7242,7011,8911,1621,970

1,144143105896

4,2002,883

505458

47813

34778

476140337

54,473

16,3977,058

2954,5102,2539,339

160419184223

2,341421

3,261212

2,119

22,6842,0301,289

287454

6,4701,723

944333

3,38884

14,184487327

3,9182,004

3907,059

9,091661367

8,0632,8421,8561,2252,139

1,250200127923

4,3533,012

482435

47859

32827

698372326



27



A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex

(Percent distribution)

Occupation and race

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)Percent

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerialProfessional specialty

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related supportSales occupationsAdministrative support, including clerical


Precision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing •.

White







Farming, forestry, and fishing

Black







Farming, forestry, and fishing '.

120,446100.0

27.212.914.430.5

3.211.715.613.6

.81.7

11.111.414.46.34.33.92.8

103,673100.0

28.313.514.830.93.2

12.215.512.4

.81.6

10.011.813.75.94.23.63.0

12,384100.0

17.37.79.6

28.13.48.0

16.723.1

1.22.8

19.18.8

21.09.15.56.41.8

124,724100.0

27.613.314.330.13.2

12.014.913.5

.61.8.

11.111.014.86.54.24.23.0

106,435100.0

28.814.014.730.43.2

12.514.712.4

.61.7

10.111.513.85.94.03.93.2

13,146100.0

18.78.4

10.327.8

2.98.2

16.721.5

.83.0

17.67.7

22.910.26.16.61.4

65,318100.0

26.213.912.220.32.9

11.16.2

10.1.1

2.67.4

19.219.97.07.15.84.4

56,880100.0

27.214.612.720.42.9

11.75.98.9

.12.56.4

19.918.96.86.95.34.5

6,043100.0

14.27.96.4

17.82.96.58.4

18.9

4.514.315.030.810.110.110.63.3

67,424100.0

26.614.112.519.82.8

11.15.9

10.1O

2.87.2

18.420.77.47.06.34.4

58,156100.0

27.814.912.919.92.8

11.65.59.1

.12.66.4

19.319.36.96.65.84.6

6,442100.0

15.88.47.4

17.92.76.88.4

18.1

4.813.212.733.011.111.210.62.6

55,128100.0

28.511.616.942.7

3.612.426.717.81.7.6

15.62.18.05.3

.91.7

46,793100.0

29.512.217.343.63.6

12.827.216.61.6.5

14.51.97.34.8

.91.61.0

6,341100.0

20.27.5

12.837.83.89.5

24.627.22.41.1

23.72.8

11.78.11.22.4

.3

57,301100.0

28.912.416.542.2

3.613.025.617.5

1.3.7

15.62.28.05.4

.91.71.3

48,279100.0

30.013.017.043.0

3.613.525.916.41.2.6

14.72.07.14.7

.81.61.5

6,704100.0

21.68.5

13.137.3

3.19.6

24.624.7

1.61.3

21.82.9

13.39.41.22.7

.2

1 Less than 0.05 percent.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the


28



A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation

(In thousands)

Industry

October 1994

Totalem-

ployed

Managerial andprofessional

specialty

Executive,adminis-trative,

andmana-gerial

Profes-sional

specialty

Technical, sales, andadministrative

support

Techni-ciansand

relatedsupport

Sales

Adminis-trative

support,includingclerical

Serviceoccupations

Privatehouse-

hold

Otherservice1

Preci-sion

produc-tion,craft,and

repair

Operators,fabricators,

and laborers

Machineoper-ators,

assem-blers,and

inspec-tors

Transpor-tationand

materialmoving

Handlers,equipmentcleaners,helpers,

andlaborers

Farming,forestry,

andfishing

Agriculture 3,523Mining 678Construction 7,974Manufacturing 20,378

Durable goods 11,860Nondurable goods 8,517

Transportation and publicutilities 8,730

Wholesale and retail trade 25,896Wholesale trade 4,939Retail trade 20,957

Finance, insurance, andreal estate 8,111

Services 143,610Private households ! 942Other service industries 42,668

Professional services 29,624Public administration 5,825

107102

1,0772,6621,6311,031

1,1042,264556

1,709

2,1765,830

75,8233,6451,298

9482152

1,7491,162587

494521111410

26913,646

913,63712,170

833

452186659440219

32317649127

1582,283

12,2821,960204

12862767337429

26510,6801,8968,784

2,0461,087

1,08623223

17361448

1,9931,099895

2,3002,373786

1,587

2,8506,922

116,9125,1811,483

757757

18434303142161

2484,930

244,906

3358,579

718,5085,2151,640

35250

4,5383,8012,6071,194

1,2481,402290

1,112

1612,056

182,038456201

22195

6,4703,4073,063

137431219212

19875

87623822

68114533737414323

2,0311,050

473577

18633

463033948

2914

9221,137

527609

5631,968

4621,506

7519

1250710741

2,9392

259994

6

181017426

73422

523708232

1 Includes protective service, not shown separately.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the


29



A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker

(In thousands)

Age and sex

October 1994

Agriculture

Wageand

salaryworkers

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Nonagricultural industries

Wage and salary workers

Total

Private industries

TotalPrivate

householdworkers

Otherprivate

industries

Government

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years



1,8131778691

26753038523714274

1,3721446678

21640127917110459

44033191352

130106663816

1,66869521749

230414347293267

1,20365491744

174293228199199

46644

456

1211199468

411174431787

2095441

114

212

112,1545,5792,3293,250

12,32030,04830,60821,111

9,7712,717

59,3112,8631,1951,6696,493

16,23816,11910,9995,1671,433

52,8432,7161,1341,5825,827

13,81114,48910,1124,6051,284

93,6745,3372,2593,078

11,29026,04024,80716,1697,8022,230

50,9322,7551,1631,5926,007

14,39313,6198,7314,2541,173

42,7422,5821,0961,4855,282

11,64711,1887,4383,5481,057

9301005644

13617618415212458

11730171326211014114

813703931

11015417413911354

92,7445,2372,2033,034

11,15425,86424,62316,0177,6782,171

50,8152,7251,1461,5795,981

14,37113,6098,7174,2421,169

41,9292,5121,0571,4555,173

11,49311,0147,3003,4351,003

18,480242

69173

1,0314,0085,8004,9421,969

487

8,3791083276

4861,8452,5002,268

913260

10,1011343896

5452,1643,3012,6741,057

227

8,9151146549

2451,7772,8232,1021,225

629

5,487442519

1511,0541,7421,282

813402

3,42770403094

7241,081

820412227

1337346

15422727

8

29

1

523583

1034211

13392219



30



A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricuiture industries by hours of work

Hours of work

October 1994

Thousands of persons

Allindustries

Agriculture Nonagriculturalindustries

Percent distribution

Allindustries

Agriculture Nonagriculturalindustries

Total, 16 years and over

1 to 34 hours1 to 4 hours5 to 14 hours15 to 29 hours30 to 34 hours

35 hours and over35 to 39 hours40 hours41 hours and over

41 to 48 hours49 to 59 hours60 hours and over

Average hours, total at workAverage hours, persons who usually work full time

120,260

33,6041,1915,070

15,86511,479

86,6558,512

39,28638,85814,65614,09710,104

39.243.5

3,376

1,13785

282508262

2,239166603

1,471230393848

43.451.9

116,884

32,4671,1064,788

15,35711,217

84,4168,346

38,68337,38714,42713,7049,257

39.043.2

100.0

27.91.04.2

13.29.5

72.17.1

32.732.312.211.78.4

100.0

33.72.58.3

15.07.8

66.34.9

17.943.66.8

11.725.1

100.0

27.8.9

4.113.19.6

72.27.1

33.132.012.311.77.9

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 andearlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of

Employment and Earnings. Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 throughA-25 may not sum to the totals shown because of minor editing problemsassociated with the redesign survey.

A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usualfull- or part-time status


Reason for working less than 35 hours


Economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time workSeasonal workJob started or ended during week

Noneconomic reasonsChild-care problemsOther family or personal obligationsHealth or medical limitationsIn school or trainingRetired or Social Security limit on earningsVacation or personal dayHoliday, legal or religiousWeather-related curtailmentAll other reasons

Average hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

October 1994

All industries

Total

33,604

4,1322,2171,660

88167

29,472665

5,744684

6,8951,9772,9174,146

3336,111

22.822.3

Usuallywork

full time

11,984

1,195981

47167

10,78937

681

91

2,9174,146

3332,584

24.127.6

Usuallywork

part time

21,621

2,9371,2361,660

41

18,684628

5,063684

6,8041,977

3,528

22.419.3

Nonagricultural industries

Total

32,467

3,9192,0601,624

72163

28,549655

5,548650

6,6881,8222,8654,110

2765,934

22.922.4

Usuallywork

full time

11,687

1,126924

39163

10,56137

667

85

2,8654,110

2762,520

24.327.7

Usuallywork

part time

20,780

2,7931,1351,624

33

17,988618

4,881650

6,6031,822

3,414

22.319.4



31



A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status


Industry and class of worker

October 1994

Totalat

work

Worked 1 to 34 hours

TotalFor

economicreasons

For noneconomicreasons

Usuallyworkfull

time

Usuallyworkparttime

Worked35 hoursor more

Average hours

Totalat

work

Persons whousually work

full time

Total 16 years and over.

Wage and salary workers .

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingDurable goodsNondurable goods .

Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate ,

Service industriesPrivate households..All other industries ..

Public administration ..

Self-employed workers.Unpaid family workers ..

116,884

108,331

633

6,207

19,31311,2028,111

8,05123,292

7,231

38,015893

37,1215,589

8,420133

32,467

29,591

51

1,231

2,4401,2661,174

1,5438,2391,887

12,298516

11,7821,902

2,79779

3,919

3,469

2

347

335158176

1741,112

96

1,360127

1,23343

4491

10,561

9,998

37

582

1,429818611

8071,1121,046

3,41631

3,3851,570

54914

17,988

16,124

12

302

676289387

5616,015

746

7,522358

7,164290

1,79964

84,416

78,740

582

4,976

16,8739,9376,937

6,50715,0535,343

25,716377

25,3393,688

5,62354

39.0

39.0

46.8

41.0

42.843.542.0

41.936.839.2

37.328.637.538.6

39.834.9

43.2

43.0

47.5

42.7

43.844.243.3

43.943.841.6

42.543.342.539.8

47.346.3



32



A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status


October 1994

Industry and class of worker Totalat

work


TotalFor

economicreasons


Usuallyworkfull

time

Usuallyworkparttime


Average hours

Totalat

work


full time

TOTAL



20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over


Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




Race

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Marital status

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

116,8845,5302,3173,213

111,35412,27499,08085,57013,510

62,8072,8211,1781,643

59,9866,547

53,44046,0717,368

54,0772,7091,1391,570

51,3675,727

45,64039,498

6,142

99,44854,02645,421

12,5736,1176,456

38,8507,316

16,640

29,82910,89713,351

32,4674,2392,1682,071

28,2294,422

23,80718,8094,998

12,5652,0351,081

95410,5291,9338,5966,4302,166

19,9032,2041,0871,117

17,6992,488

15,21112,3792,832

27,97210,64917,323

3,2491,3351,914

5,9381,2665,360

10,8773,1985,827

3,919334

38297

3,584682

2,9022,545

357

1,85914825

1231,711

3441,3671,207

160

2,059186

13174

1,873338

1,5351,338

197

3,0811,4691,612

629286343

786271803

924486650

10,56117423

15010,388

8889,5008,1631,337

5,146751263

5,071400

4,6703,964

707

5,415981187

5,317488

4,8294,199

630

8,9304,3934,537

1,247531716

3,426598

1,122

3,0101,1391,266

17,9883,7312,1071,624

14,2572,851

11,4058,1013,304

5,5591,8121,044

7683,7471,1892,5581,2591,299

12,4281,9191,063

85610,5091,6628,8476,8422,005

15,9614,787

11,174

1,373518855

1,726398

3,436

6,9431,5733,912

84,4161,291

1491,142

83,1257,852

75,27366,761

8,512

50,24278596

68949,4574,613

44,84439,6425,202

34,17450652

45433,6683,239

30,42927,1193,310

71,47643,37828,098

9,3244,7824,542

32,9126,050

11,280

18,9527,6997,523

39.023.116.927.639.835.840.341.036.1

42.124.317.529.242.938.143.544.239.0

35.521.916.226.036.333.336.637.332.6

39.142.335.3

38.440.236.7

43.942.737.4

35.637.833:6

43.238.936.639.243.341.843.543.642.3

44.839.738.039.944.942.945.145.243.7

41.137.834.238.241.140.341.241.340.2

43.545.041.2

41.442.740.1

45.344.543.2

40.841.741.0



33



A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status


Occupation and sex

October 1994

Totalat

work


TotalFor

economicreasons


Usuallyworkfull

time

Usuallyworkparttime


Average hours

Totalat

work


full time

Total, 16 years and over1






Men, 16 years and over1

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerial ~.Professional specialty





Women, 16 years and over1






116,701

33,25716,01717,24136,1053,810

14,41117,88416,223

7272,187

13,30913,22217,8937,8115,0615,022

62,450

17,3629,2168,146

12,9571,8487,2823,8276,599

311,8234,745

12,01213,5214,8344,5884,099

54,251

15,8956,8019,094

23,1481,9617,129

14,0589,624

695364

8,5651,2104,3722,977

473923

32,406

7,6193,0474,572

11,8011,0704,5146,2176,936

420457

6,0602,1093,9401,2681,0411,632

12,425

2,8771,3381,5402,797

4081,3571,0322,145

15331

1,7991,8422,763

668794

1,302

19,981

4,7421,7103,0329,005

6623,1575,1854,791

405125

4,261267

1,177600247330

3,896

491148343

1,063102529432

1,0679958

910482793237213342

1,833

1879097

29241

15893

3177

40270444593124178291

2,063

30458

24677162

3713387519218

64038

2001143551

10,516

3,5901,7711,8193,545

477735

2,3331,040

22197821

1,1171,224

585310329

5,105

1,668873795

1,035259306471499

178321

1,001901338285278

5,412

1,922897

1,0252,509

218429

1,8625422218

501116322247

2451

17,994

3,5381,1282,4107,194

4923,2503,4524,828

298202

4,328510

1,924446518960

5,487

1,022374648

1,469109893468

1,3308

1131,209

3981,269

206330733

12,507

2,516754

1,7625,725

3832,3572,9843,498

29088

3,120112656240188228

84,295

25,63812,96912,66924,3042,7399,897

11,6679,287

3071,7307,250

11,11313,9536,5434,0203,390

50,026

14,4857,8786,606

10,1601,4405,9262,7944,453

171,4912,946

10,17010,7584,1663,7952,797

34,269

11,1535,0916,062

14,1431,2993,9718,8734,834

291239

4,304944

3,1952,376

225593

39.1

41.743.440.137.238.838.835.634.029.241.433.042.240.341.242.936.3

42.1

44.846.043.441.841.343.638.537.1

(2)42.835.042.541.142.344.036.6

35.5

38.339.937.134.636.433.834.831.929.134.632.038.937.739.432.534.9

43.3

44.645.343.942.141.845.339.842.144.244.441.443.443.442.646.241.5

44.8

46.647.345.845.142.947.541.642.9(2)44.742.043.644.043.346.441.6

41.1

42.242.441.940.140.642.139.341.344.342.141.141.241.341.342.740.8

1 Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and

earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofEmployment and Earnings.

34



A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex

Marital status, race, and age

Men

Thousands ofpersons

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Unemploymentrates

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women

Thousands ofpersons

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Unemploymentrates

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Total, 16 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Total, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 25 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 25 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

4,3401,647

6402,053

3,3581,362

4981,498

781190115476

3,0071,562

613832

2,3701,285

480605

490182105202

3,7451,259

5551,931

2,737984422

1,332

757166101490

2,4591,176

544738

1,840916411513

442158101184

6.23.87.9

11.0

5.63.67.39.8

11.46.0

10.918.3

5.13.87.88.4

4.63.57.37.6

8.75.9

10.213.2

5.32.96.69.8

4.52.66.18.4

10.55.19.3

17.1

4.12.86.77.2

3.62.56.16.3

7.65.09.5

11.4

3,7621,507

8241,430

2,8461,289

584973

763148207408

2,6291,349

746534

2,0111,142

531339

498139187172

3,4101,318

7211,371

2,4041,088

518798

813123175515

2,2951,158

666471

1,673959477237

478105161212

6.44.76.89.9

5.74.56.08.6

10.76.1

10.315.3

5.34.46.47.5

4.84.25.76.6

8.45.99.6

10.4

5.64.05.99.0

4.73.75.36.9

10.85.08.4

17.3

4.53.75.76.3

3.93.55.14.4

7.74.58.0

11.7



35



A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex

Occupation

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Unemployment rates

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women

Oct.1993

Oct.1994





Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Construction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers


No previous work experience16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

8,101

924462462

2,039136888

1,015

1,35351

1181,185

979245516218

1,637696354587149438

256

866570156141

7,155

866455411

1,747122826799

1,40810287

1,219

691173391127

1,535651258626149477

303

565344113107

6.3

2.72.92.6

5.33.45.95.1

7.64.95.48.1

6.75.09.15.3

8.68.46.4

11.117.29.9

7.1

5.4

2.52.72.3

4.53.05.24.1

7.711.93.78.1

4.83.87.03.0

7.77.54.7

10.814.89.9

7.5

6.2

2.52.52.6

4.42.64.64.9

7.7(2)5.08.6

6.75.19.14.9

8.37.66.3

11.317.79.7

6.5

5.3

2.32.52.2

4.23.04.14.7

7.4(2)3.78.6

4.83.77.02.8

7.26.44.8

10.615.19.5

6.9

6.4

3.03.52.6

5.74.17.35.2

7.54.57.67.9

6.31.8

10.36.6

9.69.77.9(2)6.7

10.5

10.1

5.6

2.62.92.3

4.63.06.34.0

7.911.53.87.8

4.66.48.13.7

9.09.13.4(2)8.1

11.5

10.0

1 Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the ArmedForces.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofEmployment and Earnings.

36



A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex

Industry

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Unemployment rates

Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women

Oct.1993

Oct.1994


Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

MiningConstruction

ManufacturingDurable goods

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery and computing equipmentElectrical machinery, equipment, and suppliesTransportation equipment

AutomobilesOther transportation equipment

Professional and photographic equipmentOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsOther nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilities ,Transportation ACommunications and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade .-.Wholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesOther service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workersGovernment, self-employed, and unpaid family workersNo previous work experience

8,101

6,226

34693

1,33279656434145

10711111318456

1284452

53611649

1222588525034

359285

751,841

2351,607

2771,690

6901,000

202807866

I

7,155

5,554

22550

1,016571653321318170798629573571

44584377932

108484810

284174110

1,827246

1,581253

1,603609994

175861565

6.3

6.5

4.711.3

6.56.77.16.56.96.47.94.86.37.84.7

11.15.99.16.36.26.9

11.63.35.14.25.9

10.0

5.26.82.77.65.38.13.75.73.98.6

10.72.7

5.4

5.6

3.28.5

4.94.78.25.13.93.86.0294.23.72.35.45.09.95.14.65.36.84.36.03.85.62.5

4.04.04.17.15.17.63.45.23.38.1

8.82.9

6.2

6.5

3.811.6

5.66.17.05.65.76.37.54.56.06.94.09.72.9

10.14.74.76.75.32.55.42.75.19.3

5.26.92.16.74.47.43.66.23.19.0

10.32.6

5.3

5.5

3.88.8

4.44.58.95.73.53.55.03.14.53.62.05.53.39.24.33.84.88.03.55.23.15.51.2

4.04.23.56.44.17.23.05.23.07.1

8.02.9

6.4

6.6

9.98.6

8.48.27.38.8

11.27.09.25.56.9

11.06.7

17.29.98.58.68.97.0

14.15.84.87.37.7

11.7

5.16.53.78.67.48.73.85.44.28.1

12.32.7

5.6

5.8

5.4

5.85.24.34.05.45.59.42.53.74.13.35.17.7

10.96.26.35.96.36.97.25.05.85.4

4.13.25.27.87.37.93.75.13.49.1

11.12.8

1 Less than 0.05 percent.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current


37



Table A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race


Reason

Total,16 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Men,20 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Women,20 yearsand over

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Both sexes,16 to 19

years

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

White

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Black

Oct.1993

Oct.1994


Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .


Permanent job losersPersons who completed temporary jobs



Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs



UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

8,1014,225935

3,290001,0162,079782

100.052.111.540.612.525.79.6

3.3.81.6.6

7,1553,168637

2,5311,820712811

2,611565

100.044.38.9

35.411.336.57.9

2.4.62.0.4

3,6882,569581

1,988

O040062990

100.069.615.853.910.917.12.4

3.9.6.9.1

3,0981,851343

1,5081,06544439077681

100.059.811.148.712.625.12.6

2.7.61.2.1

3,1901,477316

1,16100457

1,096161

100.046.39.9

36.414.334.35.0

2.7.82.0.3

2,8291,125234891689202337

1,226140

100.039.88.3

31.511.943.44.9

2.0.62.1.2

1,22317938141

O0159354531

100.014.63.111.513.029.043.4

2.72.45.48.1

1,22819160132666684

608344

100.015.64.810.76.8

49.528.0

2.71.28.54.8

6,2043,265764

2,500

00811

1,560569

100.052.612.340.313.125.19.2

3.0.71.4.5

5,1412,410497

1,9131,399514649

1,721361

100.046.99.7

37.212.633.57.0

2.2.61.5.3

1,54477213463700165440167

100.050.08.7

41.310.728.510.8

5.51.23.21.2

1,570549110440302138120743158

100.035.07.0

28.07.6

47.310.1

3.7.85.01.1

1 Not available.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and

earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current


38



A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)

Reason, sex; and age

October 1994

Total unemployed

Thousandsof persons

Percent

Duration of unemployment

Less than5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total 15 to 26 27 weeksand over

Total, 16 years and over ,












Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.,.




7,155

3,168637

2,5311,820

712811

2,611565

3,098

1,851343

1,5081,065

444390776

81

2,829

1,125234891689202337

1,226140

1,228

19160

132666684

608344

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

31.8

32.059.325.222.133.038.631.720.7

28.5

29.553.524.120.831.935.624.115.1

32.1

31.463.822.920.431.442.531.319.4

39.2

59.80

52.9

0O

36.942.422.6

30.5

30.427.531.130.333.333.429.829.4

29.2

31.329.831.731.631.828.826.012.8

29.0

28.426.528.928.530.033.629.023.0

37.0

33.60

40.500

53.636.435.9

37.8

37.613.343.747.633.728.038.449.9

42.3

39.216.844.247.636.235.650.072.1

38.9

40.29.7

48.251.038.523.839.757.6

23.8

6.7

06.6

009.5

21.241.6

17.1

18.47.0

21.322.019.513.316.020.5

17.3

17.59.7

19.319.319.215.017.818.8

18.4

22.65.0

27.227.426.613.516.017.3

13.8

3.2

04.7

005.0

13.722.1

20.6

19.16.2

22.425.614.214.722.429.4

25.0

21.77.1

25.028.317.020.632.253.3

20.5

17.64.8

21.023.711.910.423.740.3

10.0

3.502.001

7.519.4

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current


A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment

Duration of unemployment


Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks

5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over


Average (mean) duration, in weeksMedian duration, in weeks

Total


Oct.1993

8,101

3,0162,3681,770

5982,7171,1061,611

654958

18.17.7

Oct.1994

7,155

2,2742,1791,537

6422,7031,2251,477

574903

19.39.6


Oct.1993

100.0

37.229.221.9

7.433.513.719.98.1

11.8

Oct.1994

100.0

31.830.521.5

9.037.817.120.6

8.012.6

Full-time workers


Oct.1993

6,345

2,0511,8391,339

4992,455

9911,464

580884

20.49.4

Oct.1994

5,671

1,5871,6921,154

5392,3911,0731,319

500818

21.311.2


Oct.1993

100.0

32.329.021.1

7.938.715.623.1

9.113.9

Oct.1994

100.0

28.029.820.3

9.542.218.923.3

8.814.4



39



A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, andmarital status

October 1994


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Race

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Marital status

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated ...Single (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated ...Single (never married)

7,1551,2281,1731,8631,425

883421163

3,745647639944720449248

99

3,41058153491970543417364

5,1412,7372,404

1,570757813

1,259555

1,931

1,318721

1,371

2,27448139858942121411060

1,1482631803201851005940

1,1262182182692361145120

1,746899847

419186233

372153623

474'198454

2,179454376581392243

9934

1,1352312322611971286720

1,0442241443201951153214

1,552806746

497263235

332164638

369239437

2,70329339969261142621269

1,46215322736333822112239

1,240140172329273206

9030

1,8431,032

811

654308345

555237670

475285480

1,22517019831526315810022

62993

115159126675712

5977783

156137914310

824430394

306143163

20598

326

260121216

1,47712320137734826911246

83460

1122042121546527

6436389

1731361154720

1,019602418

348165182

350139344

215163265

19.312.017.118.322.325.526.922.2

20.611.118.019.125.528.627.722.7

17.912.915.917.519.022.325.7O

18.720.217.0

20.521.219.9

23.424.317.7

16.720.317.7

9.66.58.69.6

11.413.714.78.6

10.16.49.3

10.013.414.214.09.4

9.06.67.69.29.2

13.315.5O

8.89.38.3

11.712.111.0

12.011.69.0

8.410.18.9

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and



40



A-33. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

October 1994


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to \4weeks

15 weeks and over

Total15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Weeks

Average(mean)

duration

Medianduration

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrative supportService occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY1

AgricultureConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesPublic administration

No previous work experience

8661,7471,408691

1,535303

175563

1,029582447332

1,844263

1,851196

565

228576491240513100

4720029213515788

66681

61253

117

26951845220845792

5718031417513995

56874

55177

166

368652465243564111

7118242427215114961010868966

282

18131519710124760

347419913069472784734427

116

18833726714231751

371082241428210233261

34540

166

19.818.118.020.319.317.4

18.917.620.623.317.024.017.821.518.019.5

25.0

11.39.18.08.89.58.7

10.58.011.113.29.311.88.310.38.89.8

14.5

1 Includes wage and salary workers only.NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and



A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

(In thousands)

Category

October 1994

Total

Age

16 to 24years

25 to 54years

55 yearsand over

Sex

Men Women

Total not in the labor forceDo not want a job now1

Want a job1

Did not search for work in previous year.Searched for work in previous year2

Not available to work nowAvailable to work now

Reason not currently looking:Discouragement over job prospects3

Reasons other than discouragementFamily responsibilitiesIn school or trainingIll health or disabilityOther4

65,55060,0405,5103,1812,329666

1,663

4601,202167258159619

11,3269,2922,0351,193842263579

1424371719134194

18,16915,5862,5831,3571,226363863

2446181376784330

36,05635,163

89263126140221

7414713

4095

23,50321,2992,2041,229976223753

2914612411678244

42,04738,7423,3061,9521,353443910

16974114314281375

1 Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since

the end of that job.3 Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of

discrimination.4 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for

such reasons as child care and and transportation problems, as well as asmall number for which reason for non participation was not ascertained.

41



A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics


Characteristic

October 1994

Both sexes

Number Rate1

Men

Number Rate1

Women

Number Rate1

AGE


16 to 19 years20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over

25 to 54 years55 years and over55 to 64 years65 years and over

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

WhiteBlackHispanic origin

MARITAL STATUS

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Primary job full time, secondary job part timePrimary and secondary jobs both part timePrimary and secondary jobs both full timeHours vary on primary or secondary job

7,648239

7,409955

6,4545,790

66456599

6,710678408

4,3171,2762,056

4,3881,776

2091,236

6.14.06.27.46.16.44.44.92.7

6.35.23.7

5.96.66.5

4,160101

4,060506

3,5543,136

41834374

3,650383221

2,620462

1,079

2,665609152720

6.23.26.37.36.26.45.05.53.5

6.35.93.3

6.35.96.1

3,488139

3,350449

2,9002,654

24622224

3,060296187

1,697814978

1,7221,167

57516

6.14.96.17.56.06.43.64.31.5

6.34.44.3

5.37.17.0

1 Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specifiedgroup.

2 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on theirprimary job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will notsum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presentedand Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age


Veteran statusand age

Civiliannoninstitutional

population

Oct.1993

Oct.1994


Total

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Employed

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Unemployed

Number

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

Percent oflabor force

Oct.1993

Oct.1994

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS



55 years and over

NONVETERANS

Total, 40 to 54 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years50 to 54 years

7,2486,3872,1622,9851,240

861

15,6926,9494,6854,056

7,4396,4971,6773,2571,563

942

16,5467,7434,8243,979

6,4355,9312,0032,7871,140

505

14,3126,4744,2673,571

6,5015,9351,5462,9941,396

565

15,0067,2264,3813,399

6,1305,6501,8662,6911,093

480

13,6736,2074,0813,385

6,3105,7651,4962,9101,360

545

14,4776,9894,2273,262

305281137974725

639267186186

19017050833720

528237154138

4.74.76.83.54.15.0

4.54.14.45.2

2.92.93.22.82.63.6

3.53.33.54.0

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in theArmed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveteransare men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Data for 1994are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years. For

additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population SurveyEffective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employmentand Earnings.

42


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT

B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1943 to date

(In thousands)

Yearand

monthTotal Total

private

Goods-producing

Total Mining Construc-tion

Manufac-turing

Service-producing

Total

Transpor-tationand

publicutilities

Whole-saletrade

Retailtrade

Finance,insurance,

andreal

estate

Services

Government

Federal State Local

Annual averages

1943194419451946194719481949

19501951195219531954195519561957195819592

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

1990199119921993

1993:OctoberNovemberDecember

1994:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember*OctoberP

42,43441,86440,37441,65243,85744,86643,754

45,19747,81948,79350,20248,99050,64152,36952,85551,32253,270

54,18953,99955,54956,65358,28360,76363,90165,80367,89770,384

70,88071,21173,67576,79078,26576,94579,38282,47186,69789,823

90,40691,15289,54490,15294,40897,38799,344

101,958105,210107,895

109,419108,256108,604110,525

36,35635,82234,43136,05638,38239,21637,897

39,17041,43042,18543,55642,23843,72745,09145,23943,48345,186

45,83645,40446,66047,42948,68650,68953,11654,41356,05858,189

58,32558,33160,34163,05864,09562,25964,51167,34471,02673,876

74,16675,12173,70774,28278,38480,99282,65184,94887,82490,117

91,11589,85489,95991,708

20,11419,32817,50717,24818,50918,77417,565

18,50619,95920,19821,07419,75120,51321,10420,96719,51320,411

20,43419,85720,45120,64021,00521,92623,15823,30823,73724,361

23,57822,93523,66824,89324,79422,60023,35224,34625,58526,461

25,65825,49723,81223,33024,71824,84224,53324,67425,12525,254

24,90523,74523,23123,256

925892836862955994930

901929898866791792822828751732

712672650635634632627613606619

623609628642697752779813851958

1,0271,1391,128

952966927111717713692

709689635611

1,5871,1081,1471,6832,0092,1982,194

2,3642,6372,6682,6592,6462,8393,0392,9622,8173,004

2,9262,8592,9483,0103,0973,2323,3173,2483,3503,575

3,5883,7043,8894,0974,0203,5253,5763,8514,2294,463

4,3464,1883,9043,9464,3804,6684,8104,9585,0985,171

5,1204,6504,4924,642

17,60217,32815,52414,70315,54515,58214,441

15,24116,39316,63217,54916,31416,88217,24317,17615,94516,675

16,79616,32616,85316,99517,27418,06219,21419,44719,78120,167

19,36718,62319,15120,15420,07718,32318,99719,68220,50521,040

20,28520,17018,78018,43219,37219,24818,94718,99919,31419,391

19,07618,40618,10418,003

22,32022,53622,86924,40425,34826,09226,189

26,69127,86028,59529,12829,23930,12831,26431,88931,81132,857

33,75534,14235,09836,01337,27838,83940,74342,49544,15846,023

47,30248,27650,00751,89753,47154,34556,03058,12561,11363,363

64,74865,65565,73266,82169,69072,54474,81177,28480,08682,642

84,51484,51185,37387,269

3,6473,8293,9064,0614,1664,1894,001

4,0344,2264,2484,2904,0844,1414,2444,2413,9764,011

4,0043,9033,9063,9033,9514,0364,1584,2684,3184,442

4,5154,4764,5414,6564,7254,5424,5824,7134,9235,136

5,1465,1655,0814,9525,1565,2335,2475,3625,5145,625

5,7935,7625,7215,787

1,8281,8511,9552,2982,4782,6122,610

2,6432,7352,8212,8622,8752,9343,0273,0372,9893,092

3,1533,1423,2073,2583,3473,4773,6083,7003,7913,919

4,0064,0144,1274,2914,4474,4304,5624,7234,9855,221

5,2925,3755,2955,2835,5685,7275,7615,8486,0306,187

6,1736,0815,9975,958

5,1545,2085,3596,0776,4776,6596,654

6,7437,0077,1847,3857,3607,6017,8317,8487,7618,035

8,2388,1958,3598,5208,8129,2399,6379,906

10,30810,785

11,03411,33811,82212,31512,53912,63013,19313,79214,55614,972

15,01815,17115,15815,58716,51217,31517,88018,42219,02319,475

19,60119,28419,35619,717

1,4811,4611,4811,6751,7281,8001,828

1,8881,9562,0352,1112,2002,2982,3892,4382,4812,549

2,6282,6882,7542,8302,9112,9773,0583,1853,3373,512

3,6453,7723,9084,0464,1484,1654,2714,4674,7244,975

5,1605,2985,3405,4665,6845,9486,2736,5336,6306,668

6,7096,6466,6026,712

4,1304,1454,2224,6975,0255,1815,239

5,3565,5475,6995,8355,9696,2406,4976,7086,7657,087

7,3787,6197,9828,2778,6609,0369,498

10,04510,56711,169

11,54811,79712,27612,85713,44113,89214,55115,30216,25217,112

17,89018,61519,02119,66420,74621,92722,95724,11025,50426,907

27,93428,33629,05230,278

2,9052,9282,8082,2541,8921,8631,908

1,9282,3022,4202,3052,1882,1872,2092,2172,1912,233

2,2702,2792,3402,3582,3482,3782,5642,7192,7372,758

2,7312,6962,6842,6632,7242,7482,7332,7272,7532,773

2,8662,7722,7392,7742,8072,8752,8992,9432,9712,988

3,0852,9662,9692,915

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

0O

(1)O(1)(1)(1)

1,1681,2501,3281,4151,484

1,5361,6071,6681,7471,8561,9962,1412,3022,4422,533

2,6642,7472,8592,9233,0393,1793,2733,3773,4743,541

3,6103,6403,6403,6623,7343,8323,8933,9674,0764,182

4,3054,3554,4084,484

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

111,112111,366111,610

111,711111,919112,298112,699112,951113,334113,624113,914114,162114,356

92,23992,47992,692

92,81093,00393,35793,71893,93794,31694,60194,82795,01695,214

23,24523,28123,298

23,32823,32723,39523,50623,51923,57623,59023,64023,66523,706

605604618

616612609606603605601603602598

4,7004,7334,738

4,7444,7454,8064,8934,9074,9274,9444,9424,9704,975

17,94017,94417,942

17,96817,97017,98018,00718,00918,04418,04518,09518,09318,133

O0)O

()0

3,5583,8194,0714,2304,366

4,5474,7084,8815,1215,3925,7006,0806,3716,6606,904

7,1587,4377,7908,1468,4078,7588,8659,0239,4469,633

9,7659,6199,4589,4349,4829,6879,901

10,10010,33910,609

10,91411,08111,26711,417

87,86788,08588,312

88,38388,59288,90389,19389,43289,75890,03490,27490,49790,650

5,7985,8005,792

5,7935,8035,8165,7595,8435,8495,8575,8665,8685,869

5,9655,9715,976

5,9906,0036,0136,0286,0376,0496,0536,0796,0946,105

19,82219,84819,931

19,92419,96520,02620,13720,15320,27920,38620,40520,47120,522

6,7486,7636,769

6,7716,7766,7816,7916,7876,7986,7976,8016,7896,787

30,66130,81630,926

31,00431,12931,32631,49731,59831,76531,91832,03632,12932,225

2,9012,9002,915

2,8932,8922,8842,8822,8702,8592,8592,8582,8592,859

4,5044,5054,511

4,4924,5114,5204,5344,5334,5394,5684,5854,6054,601

11,46811,48211,492

11,51611,51311,53711,56511,61111,62011,59611,64411,68211,682

1 Not available.2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an

increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmarkmonth.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1993benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusteddata (beginning April 1993) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January1990) are subject to revision.

43


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date

Year andmonth

Total private1

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Mining

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Construction

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

1990199119921993

1993:OctoberNovember..December..

1994:JanuaryFebruary ....MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober" ....

38.738.838.638.037.837.7

37.136.937.036.936.536.136.136.035.835.7

35.335.234.835.035.234.934.834.834.734.6

34.534.334.434.5

$2.362.462.562.682.853.04

3.233.453.703.944.244.534.865.255.696.16

6.667.257.688.028.328.578.768.989.289.66

10.0110.3210.5710.83

$91.3395.4598.82101.84107.73114.61

119.83127.31136.90145.39154.76163.53175.45189.00203.70219.91

235.10255.20267.26280.70292.86299.09304.85312.50322.02334.24

345.35353.98363.61373.64

41.942.342.742.642.643.0

42.742.442.642.441.941.942.443.443.443.0

43.343.742.742.543.343.442.242.442.343.0

44.144.443.944.3

$2.812.923.053.193.353.60

3.854.064.444.755.235.956.466.947.678.49

9.1710.0410.7711.2811.6311.9812.4612.5412.8013.26

13.6814.1914.5414.60

$117.74123.52130.24135.89142.71154.80

164.40172.14189.14201.40219.14249.31273.90301.20332.88365.07

397.06438.75459.88479.40503.58519.93525.81531.70541.44570.18

603.29630.04638.31646.78

37.237.437.637.737.337.9

37.337.236.536.836.636.436.836.536.837.0

37.036.936.737.137.837.737.437.837.937.9

38.238.138.038.4

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

34.634.534.7

34.334.034.434.534.834.834.934.934.835.0

$10.9410.9610.97

11.0611.0611.0411.0711.0911.0311.0411.0411.2111.26

$378.52378.12380.66

379.36376.04379.78381.92385.93383.84385.30385.30390.11394.10

45.544.744.6

44.143.744.044.544.444.844.945.145.545.7

$14.4714.4314.67

15.0614.9214.8414.9614.8314.7314.7314.6914.9114.89

$658.39645.02654.28

664.15652.00652.96665.72658.45659.90661.38662.52678.41680.47

39.338.638.3

37.036.138.138.339.739.639.739.739.939.4

$3.553.703.894.114.414.79

5.245.696.066.416.817.317.718.108.669.27

9.9410.8211.6311.9412.1312.3212.4812.7113.0813.54

13.7714.0014.1514.37

$14.5514.4714.46

14.4114.4514.4414.4914.5914.5714.7214.7614.9415.00

$132.06138.38146.26154.95164.49181.54

195.45211.67221.19235.89249.25266.08283.73295.65318.69342.99

367.78399.26426.82442.97458.51464.46466.75480.44495.73513.17

526.01533.40537.70551.81

$571.82558.54553.82

533.17521.65550.16554.97579.22576.97584.38585.97596.11591.00


44



B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Manufacturing

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Hourlyearnings,excludingovertime

Weeklyearnings

Transportation and publicutilities

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Wholesale trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

1964.1965.1966.1967.1968.1969.

1970.1971 .1972.1973.1974.1975.1976.1977.1978.1979.

1980.1981 .1982.1983.1984.1985.1986.1987.1988.1989.

1990.1991 .1992.1993.

1993:OctoberNovember...December...

1994:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober"

40.741.241.440.640.740.6

39.839.940.540.740.039.540.140.340.440.2

39.739.838.940.140.740.540.741.041.141.0

40.840.741.041.4

$2.532.612.712.823.013.19

3.353.573.824.094.424.835.225.686.176.70

7.277.998.498.839.199.549.739.91

10.1910.48

10.8311.1811.4611.74

$2.432.502.592.712.883.05

3.233.453.663.914.254.675.025.445.916.43

7.027.728.258.528.829.169.349.489.7310.02

10.3710.7110.9511.18

$102.97107.53112.19114.49122.51129.51

133.33142.44154.71166.46176.80190.79209.32228.90249.27269.34

288.62318.00330.26354.08374.03386.37396.01406.31418.81429.68

441.86455.03469.86486.04

41.141.341.240.540.640.7

40.540.140.440.540.239.739.839.940.039.9

39.639.439.039.039.439.539.239.238.838.9

38.938.738.939.6

$2.893.033.113.233.423.63

3.854.214.655.025.415.886.456.997.578.16

8.879.70

10.3210.7911.1211.4011.7012.0312.2612.60

12.9713.2213.4513.63

$118.78125.14128.13130.82138.85147.74

155.93168.82187.86203.31217.48233.44256.71278.90302.80325.58

351.25382.18402.48420.81438.13450.30458.64471.58475.69490.14

504.53511.61523.21539.75

40.740.840.740.340.140.2

39.939.439.439.238.838.638.738.838.838.8

38.438.538.338.538.538.438.338.138.138.0

38.138.138.238.2

$2.522.602.732.873.043.23

3.433.643.854.074.384.725.025.395.886.39

6.957.558.088.548.889.159.349.599.98

10.39

10.7911.1511.3911.73


41.842.042.4

41.540.941.942.042.042.241.642.042.442.3

$11.8011.8712.00

11.9612.0011.9912.0112.0112.0312.0412.0112.1412.11

$11.1911.2611.36

11.3811.4211.3811.3911.3911.3911.4211.3511.4511.44

$493.24498.54508.80

496.34490.80502.38504.42504.42507.67500.86504.42514.74512.25

39.939.739.8

39.639.439.539.940.040.140.340.240.140.3

$13.6613.6913.74

13.8313.8513.8013.7813.7613.7213.8413.8613.9314.00

$545.03543.49546.85

547.67545.69545.10549.82550.40550.17557.75557.17558.59564.20

38.338.238.3

38.237.938.138.338.638.538.438.338.438.8

$11.8111.8011.85

11.9511.9311.8711.9911.9811.9412.0011.9612.0512.16

$102.56106.08111.11115.66121.90129.85

136.86143.42151.69159.54169.94182.19194.27209.13228.14247.93

266.88290.68309.46328.79341.88351.36357.72365.38380.24394.82

411.10424.82435.10448.09

$452.32450.76453.86

456.49452.15452.25459.22462.43459.69460.80458.07462.72471.81


45



B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Retail trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Finance, insurance,and real estate

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Services

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

1990199119921993

1993:OctoberNovember..December..

1994:JanuaryFebruary ....MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember"October" ....

37.036.635.935.334.734.2

33.833.733.433.132.732.432.131.631.030.6

30.230.129.929.829.829.429.229.229.128.9

28.828.628.828.8

$1.751.821.912.012.162.30

2.442.602.752.913.143.363.573.854.204.53

4.885.255.485.745.855.946.036.126.316.53

6.756.947.127.29

$64.7566.6168.5770.9574.9578.66

82.4787.6291.8596.32102.68108.86114.60121.66130.20138.62

147.38158.03163.85171.05174.33174.64176.08178.70183.62188.72

194.40198.48205.06209.95

37.337.237.337.137.037.1

36.736.636.636.636.536.536.436.436.436.2

36.236.336.236.236.536.436.436.335.935.8

35.835.735.835.8

$2.302.392.472.582.752.93

3.073.223.363.533.774.064.274.544.895.27

5.796.316.787.297.637.948.368.739.069.53

9.9710.3910.8211.35

$85.7988.9192.1395.72

101.75108.70

112.67117.85122.98129.20137.61148.19155.43165.26178.00190.77

209.60229.05245.44263.90278.50289.02304.30316.90325.25341.17

356.93370.92387.36406.33

36.135.935.535.134.734.7

34.433.933.933.833.633.533.333.032.832.7

32.632.632.632.732.632.532.532.532.632.6

32.532.432.532.5

$1.942.052.172.292.422.61

2.813.043.273.473.754.024.314.654.995.36

5.856.416.927.317.597.908.188.498.889.38

9.8310.2310.5410.79


28.828.629.3

28.228.128.528.728.929.329.729.729.029.1

$7.367.367.36

7.457.457.457.477.477.457.447.437.537.57

$211.97210.50215.65

210.09209.35212.33214.39215.88218.29220.97220.67218.37220.29

35.735.735.7

36.435.835.635.736.135.535.735.535.436.3

$11.5211.5711.65

11.7911.7711.7511.8111.8411.6711.7211.7311.8612.04

$411.26413.05415.91

429.16421.37418.30421.62427.42414.29418.40416.42419.84437.05

32.432.432.4

32.532.232.332.432.732.532.832.732.432.8

$10.8710.9310.98

11.0611.0511.0211.0111.0310.9210.9210.9211.1211.21

$70.0373.6077.0480.3883.9790.57

96.66103.06110.85117.29126.00134.67143.52153.45163.67175.27

190.71208.97225.59239.04247.43256.75265.85275.93289.49305.79

319.48331.45342.55350.68

$352.19354.13355.75

359.45355.81355.95356.72360.68354.90358.18357.08360.29367.69

1 Data relate to production workers in mining andmanufacturing; construction workers in construction; andnonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently

projected from March 1993 benchmark levels. When morerecent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted datafrom April 1993 forward are subject to revision.

46


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p Oct.

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining1

Metal miningOil and gas extractionNonmetallic minerals, except fuels

ConstructionGeneral building contractorsHeavy construction, except buildingSpecial trade contractors

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steelproducts

Fabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipment ...Electronic and other electrical

equipmentTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentAircraft and parts

Instruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics products ....Leather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportation

Railroad transportationLocal and interurban passenger

transitTrucking and warehousingWater transportationTransportation by airPipelines, except natural gasTransportation services

Communications and public utilitiesCommunicationsElectric, gas, and sanitary services ....


111,112

92,239

23,245

60550

356101

4,7001,120

7092,871

17,940

10,135709485517675

2371,3321,914

1,5181,731840522880374

7,8051,678

42672970686

1,5141,073150903117

87,867

5,7983,606246

3731,71216673418

3572,1921,252940

111,366

92,479

23,281

60450355101

4,7331,133712

2,888

17,944

10,142712487517678

2381,3351,916

1,5211,725843515877374

7,8021,675

42671966685

1,5151,071151909117

88,085

5,8003,613247

3741,71516673518

3582,1871,250937

111,610

92,692

23,298

61851351101

4,7381,138710

2,890

17,942

10,153716489518678

2371,3381,918

1,5241,724853507873375

7,7891,671

42671959685

1,5141,070149911117

88,312

5,7923,611248

3761,70416574118

3592,1811,246935

111,711

92,810

23,328

61650349102

4,7441,139713

2,892

17,968

10,182723492521679

2381,3451,922

1,5241,730874502871375

7,7861,667

41672956686

1,5171,065148917117

88,383

5,7933,611247

3771,70516573918

3602,1821,249933

111,919

93,003

23,327

61250346101

4,7451,134709

2,902

17,970

10,182723492521680

2361,3451,925

1,5281,726868496868374

7,7881,672

40673954685

1,5181,062148920116

88,592

5,8033,622248

3801,71116673918

3602,1811,249932

112,298

93,357

23,395

60950344100

4,8061,152710

2,944

17,980

10,190723493523680

2351,3481,927

1,5351,723867491864374

7,7901,670

41674956684

1,5211,059147922116

88,903

5,8163,638248

3821,72116873918

3622,1781,248930

112,699

93,718

23,506

60650342100

4,8931,163725

3,005

18,007

10,216726493529678

2311,3531,938

1,5421,719870486861377

7,7911,667

41673955684

1,5231,057148927116

89,193

5,7593,582246

3861,66516673818

3632,1771,250927

112,951

93,937

23,519

60350338101

4,9071,161723

3,023

18,009

10,217726495528679

2301,3571,940

1,5401,718868484858376

7,7921,665

40671958684

1,5241,056148931115

89,432

5,8433,664243

3831,75316973318

3652,1791,254925

113,334

94,316

23,576

60550339101

4,9271,165725

3,037

18,044

10,253730496529684

2341,3651,947

1,5501,724876480853375

7,7911,666

39671957683

1,5281,054147932114

89,758

5,8493,677246

3891,76416672918

3652,1721,253919

113,624

94,601

23,590

60151335101

4,9441,161733

3,050

18,045

10,249732500530686

2341,3681,942

1,5511,712875475849379

7,7961,668

38672954684

1,5311,053147935114

90,034

5,8573,687245

3911,76816972817

3692,1701,254916

113,914

94,827

23,640

60352336101

4,9421,166725

3,051

18,095

10,290734496531686

2321,3731,952

1,5611,727893472850380

7,8051,666

40672958683

1,5351,050149938114

90,274

5,8663,691241

3971,77216572918

3692,1751,261914

114,162

95,016

23,665

60251

338101

4,9701,173727

3,070

18,093

10,306735496530689

2331,3751,955

1,5671,732898468848379

7,7871,660

38669956680

1,5331,048149941113

90,497

5,8683,695245

3911,77516873017

3692,1731,259914

114,356

95,214

23,706

59851

334101

4,9751,183716

3,076

18,133

10,336737497533694

2341,3841,957

1,5671,741908467846380

7,7971,657

39671952683

1,5361,050149947113

90,650

5,8693,697246

3911,77316872918

3722,1721,259913

47


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p Oct.p

Wholesale tradeDurable goodsNondurable goods

Retail tradeBuilding materials and garden suppliesGeneral merchandise storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service

stationsApparel and accessory storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ..Eating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments

Finance, insurance, and real estateFinance

Depository institutionsNondepository institutionsSecurity and commodity brokersHolding and other investment offices .

InsuranceInsurance carriersInsurance agents, brokers, and

serviceReal estate

Services1

Agricultural servicesHotels and other lodging placesPersonal servicesBusiness services

Personnel supply servicesAuto repair, services, and parkingMiscellaneous repair servicesMotion picturesAmusement and recreation servicesHealth services

HospitalsLegal servicesEducational servicesSocial servicesMuseums and botanical and zoological

gardensMembership organizationsEngineering and management services

GovernmentFederalState

EducationOther State government

LocalEducationOther local government

5,9653,4102,555

19,822794

2,4543,220

2,0481,148

8446,8502,464

6,7483,2402,072

463479226

2,1871,525

6621,321

30,661526

1,6021,1345,9502,033

965366423

1,2498,8523,790

9341,6962,121

772,0362,556

18,8732,9014,5041,8402,664

11,4686,3785,090

5,9713,4132,558

19,848798

2,4513,210

2,0601,144

8496,8692,467

6,7633,2452,068

467483227

2,1921,530

6621,326

30,816533

1,5991,1376,0162,066

975368425

1,2508,8733,789

9351,7072,139

772,0402,567

18,8872,9004,5051,8412,664

11,4826,3825,100

5,9763,4192,557

19,931803

2,4463,214

2,0741,154

8526,9172,471

6,7693,2502,064

472486228

2,1901,527

6631,329

30,926538

1,5991,1406,0622,103

986370432

1,2548,8903,787

9341,7082,154

772,0402,567

18,9182,9154,5111,8412,670

11,4926,3905,102

5,9903,4242,566

19,924808

2,4213,215

2,0841,146

8556,9282,467

6,7713,2522,057

All489229

2,1871,525

6621,332

31,004539

1,6021,1496,0922,130

992373435

1,2518,9093,788

9371,7102,162

772,0422,560

18,9012,8934,4921,8242,668

11,5166,4045,112

6,0033,4302,573

19,965812

2,4333,223

2,1011,148

8626,9152,471

6,7763,2542,050

483492229

2,1861,525

6611,336

31,129530

1,5991,1436,1612,1731,002

375443

1,2528,9223,787

9391,7202,175

782,0412,575

18,9162,8924,5111,8382,673

11,5136,3925,121

6,0133,4342,579

20,026818

2,4323,232

2,1171,154

8666,9282,479

6,7813,2562,044

486496230

2,1851,524

6611,340

31,326528

1,6081,1386,2442,2301,017

375450

1,2718,9593,791

9401,7302,190

782,0442,580

18,9412,8844,5201,8462,674

11,5376,4105,127

6,0283,4452,583

20,137829

2,4423,229

2,1321,146

8766,9952,488

6,7913,2592,042

487499231

2,1891,527

6621,343

31,497537

1,6081,1376,3182,2821,026

377465

1,2758,9853,794

9411,7332,205

792,0472,590

18,9812,8824,5341,8502,684

11,5656,4365,129

6,0373,4492,588

20,153833

2,4383,240

2,1391,144

8796,9932,487

6,7873,2572,039

486501231

2,1851,522

6631,345

31,598548

1,6091,1296,3412,2861,029

379472

1,2828,9983,794

9421,7442,224

792,0512,597

19,0142,8704,5331,8492,684

11,6116,4455,166

6,0493,4572,592

20,279838

2,4433,234

2,1431,145

8857,0842,507

6,7983,2632,041

484505233

2,1841,521

6631,351

31,765551

1,6261,1336,4162,3341,041

380474

1,2879,0253,787

9381,7412,242

792,0552,603

19,0182,8594,5391,8502,689

11,6206,4615,159

6,0533,4612,592

20,386842

2,4573,247

2,1451,149

8977,1292,520

6,7973,2612,042

480506233

2,1821,517

6651,354

31,918554

1,6271,1346,4882,3751,045

381482

1,2789,0433,787

9411,7472,267

802,0562,620

19,0232,8594,5681,8762,692

11,5966,4785,118

6,0793,4712,608

20,405844

2,4763,254

2,1591,148

9057,1052,514

6,8013,2592,040

476508235

2,1801,515

6651,362

32,036559

1,6191,1396,5382,3881,058

382493

1,2669,0763,790

9421,7472,285

802,0562,621

19,0872,8584,5851,8862,699

11,6446,5365,108

6,0943,4732,621

20,471847

2,4813,249

2,1711,155

9137,1152,540

6,7893,2482,036

471507234

2,1781,512

6661,363

32,129561

1,6091,1376,5862,4141,065

382503

1,2539,0833,791

9461,7592,294

802,0642,633

19,1462,8594,6051,9012,704

11,6826,5315,151

6,1053,4822,623

20,522851

2,4913,253

2,1841,157

9257,1272,534

6,7873,2462,040

464508234

2,1761,509

6671,365

32,225565

1,5941,1366,6182,4291,076

384514

1,2629,1103,793

9471,7602,300

792,0672,638

19,1422,8594,6011,8922,709

11,6826,5265,156

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.p == preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward aresubject to revision.

48


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1993

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

53,572

43,363

6,496

88

520

5,888

2,6821141471103

91292413639351362170

3,20654213

3207571686733372430765

47,076

1,697

1,812

10,453

4,259

18,646

10,2091,2072,2486,754

53,665

43,442

6,485

88

521

5,876

2,68011414710391

292414640349360170

3,19653614

3207541676723372430765

47,180

1,696

1,818

10,473

4,264

18,706

10,2231,2062,2576,760

53,747

43,525

6,485

88

523

5,874

2,68111514710392293413641348359170

3,19354214

3207471666723372430665

47,262

1,701

1,822

10,476

4,268

18,773

10,2221,2052,2556,762

53,843

43,616

6,482

88

524

5,870

2,68111614810292

294413642347358169

3,18954214

3187431676723362430865

47,361

1,705

1,824

10,484

4,278

18,843

10,2271,2042,2556,768

53,969

43,713

6,480

89

525

5,866

2,68311714910292294413643348356169

3,18354014

3187371676733372430865

47,489

1,701

1,825

10,512

4,285

18,910

10,2561,2102,2596,787

53,981

43,730

6,475

87

526

5,862

2,68511714910393

296413642348355169

3,17753813

3197331676733352431065

47,506

1,697

1,831

10,513

4,281

18,933

10,2511,2032,2466,802

54,097

43,828

6,482

86

528

5,868

2,68811815010393296414644349354167

3,18054113

3197321666743342431265

47,615

1,698

1,834

10,533

4,284

18,997

10,2691,2052,2596,805

54,246

43,959

6,490

87

532

5,871

2,69111715010394

297416645349353167

3,18054313

3197321656763322431264

47,756

1,700

1,839

10,554

4,288

19,088

10,2871,2032,2676,817

54,477

44,160

6,506

86

539

5,881

2,70011915010493

298418649348352169

3,18154113

3187321656773322431564

47,971

1,699

1,846

10,601

4,293

19,215

10,3171,2032,2736,841

54,653

44,280

6,515

86

539

5,890

2,70511915110395

299420649348352169

3,18554113

3177331646783342531664

48,138

1,709

1,850

10,635

4,291

19,280

10,3731,1982,2776,898

54,808

44,464

6,530

86

543

5,901

2,71312015210295301424652349350168

3,18854212

3177321656823332431764

48,278

1,708

1,852

10,691

4,299

19,384

10,3441,1922,2586,894

54,887

44,573

6,527

85

544

5,898

2,70812115410395301421650343349171

3,19054412

3177291656833332531864

48,360

1,713

1,853

10,755

4,295

19,430

10,3141,1902,2826,842

55,066

44,689

6,558

86

547

5,925

2,72812215310396

303426656351347171

3,19754413

3187321646863322532063

48,508

1,720

1,862

10,766

4,291

19,492

10,3771,1932,2896,895

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,

all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are subject to revision.

49


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonallyadjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing


Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipment ...Transportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing


Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

75,119

16,311

429

3,621

12,261

6,806584384399516181984

1,165972

1,104642430268

5,4551,227

315718135178355749769793

58,808

4,857

4,813

17,450

4,910

26,778

75,323

16,356

426

3,645

12,285

6,822588386399518181989

1,169974

1,104645428267

5,4631,227

325718105178355779870393

58,967

4,856

4,817

17,460

4,927

26,907

75,496

16,385

438

3,655

12,292

6,843591388400518181993

1,174979

1,106653426268

5,4491,224

315708035178335779670593

59,111

4,841

4,824

17,512

4,932

27,002

75,588

16,408

433

3,655

12,320

6,869597389402519181998

1,179976

1,117670425267

5,4511,221

315728005188355759671093

59,180

4,845

4,832

17,527

4,932

27,044

75,783

16,430

432

3,657

12,341

6,881597389402521180

1,0001,185980

1,116669425266

5,4601,226

305737995188365759571593

59,353

4,855

4,842

17,565

4,936

27,155

76,129

16,507

430

3,719

12,358

6,892597391404521179

1,0041,187982

1,115667424267

5,4661,229

315748015178375739571792

59,622

4,870

4,853

17,632

4,943

27,324

76,487

16,615

428

3,796

12,391

6,924600390409520175

1,0091,197991

1,117672423268

5,4671,224

315728015188385749672093

59,872

4,816

4,864

17,714

4,949

27,529

76,690

16,615

427

3,796

12,392

6,930601392408521175

1,0121,200990

1,118669421267

5,4621,222

315718015188355739672491

60,075

4,897

4,867

17,737

4,945

27,629

77,028

16,674

431

3,814

12,429

6,966603393409526177

1,0201,207998

1,124677418268

5,4631,219

305718005188395749672591

60,354

4,899

4,883

17,836

4,955

27,781

77,233

16,689

430

3,828

12,431

6,969604395410528178

1,0211,209997

1,117675417271

5,4621,221

295697975188415739672890

60,544

4,899

4,882

17,933

4,952

27,878

77,439

16,729

433

3,818

12,478

7,007606394410529177

1,0261,2161,0071,132693415272

5,4711,221

315708005188435709773091

60,710

4,902

4,911

17,947

4,953

27,997

77,609

16,755

432

3,840

12,483

7,022606394409532178

1,0271,2211,0121,136697415270

5,4611,216

305678005158425729673390

60,854

4,909

4,920

17,994

4,944

28,087

77,744

16,795

431

3,842

12,522

7,054608393411537178

1,0361,2261,0121,147704414270

5,4681,211

305697995188425769673889

60,949

4,907

4,922

18,032

4,928

28,160

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,and real estate; and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are subject to revision.

50


ESTABLISHMENT DATADIFFUSION INDEXES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 3-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 6-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 12-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 1-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 3-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 6-month span:19901991199219931994

Over 12-month span:19901991199219931994

58.839.642.157.956.6

59.034.339.764.062.1

57.230.243.561.467.0

55.531.047.260.064.2

57.339.646.161.758.3

59.132.042.361.464.5

54.932.446.360.865.9

52.731.042.361.165.7

50.838.548.349.062.9

52.531.651.059.765.2

55.831.247.259.068.8

51.731.742.760.7

P65.7

47.938.257.756.062.5

48.938.256.255.865.0

50.433.752.059.866.0

48.531.944.162.2

P66.9

49.748.553.157.056.3

49.039.357.654.965.4

46.839.254.254.467.8

45.431.748.063.2

51.845.450.451.163.2

47.344.254.157.764.6

44.044.756.654.5

P65.9

42.633.852.562.1

43.848.352.858.859.3

45.949.450.454.666.7

41.346.552.857.9

P67.6

39.335.855.862.4

46.252.046.550.059.8

40.650.749.955.9

P63.9

38.945.653.158.8

36.137.560.760.8

42.748.953.456.7

P 56.0

38.350.851.755.8

P63.6

35.847.855.859.7

35.840.059.763.5

41.646.856.957.4

p 59.6

36.244.956.262.4

33.644.556.360.8

33.045.260.462.8

41.346.552.561.0

35.743.758.661.5

32.041.464.262.8

33.045.660.163.1

41.346.157.357.4

35.440.959.860.8

30.239.962.263.6

30.645.460.763.5

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

48.932.738.152.554.3

44.624.530.960.156.1

43.515.834.254.058.3

37.816.542.450.050.7

47.535.640.657.653.6

45.321.936.358.357.6

39.920.937.151.856.1

35.316.236.752.554.3

43.931.345.047.851.1

45.020.545.351.456.5

42.821.241.048.659.4

33.517.336.348.6

P 54.0

46.837.457.941.756.1

38.832.750.740.653.2

41.026.348.647.154.3

33.118.036.049.3

P57.9

40.345.747.846.050.0

41.736.355.437.157.2

36.334.952.237.158.3

28.120.939.650.7

46.843.550.040.358.6

38.839.653.643.555.8

34.239.254.734.2

p56.1

26.324.145.748.9

38.846.453.249.352.9

38.147.147.140.361.5

29.142.146.439.6

P60.4

23.726.350.050.0

42.449.341.742.856.8

28.846.047.141.0

P55.0

25.240.349.345.7

20.530.655.848.9

35.642.849.346.8

P49.6

30.948.242.443.2

P59.4

22.340.350.447.8

19.432.757.950.0

38.547.847.850.0

P60.8

23.039.950.052.9

21.237.148.950.4

16.538.155.450.7

29.141.452.555.4

23.036.751.154.7

18.032.457.954.3

16.238.852.951.4

34.239.651.851.1

21.633.555.056.1

16.932.756.855.8

15.837.452.951.4

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans andunadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.

P = preliminary.NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus

one half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasingemployment. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1993) and all seasonallyadjusted data (beginning January 1990) are subject to revision.

51


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE EMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

State1993

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.P

Total1

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgia

HawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland

MassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew Jersey

New MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth Carolina

South DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming


1,718.0254.1

1,589.0993.8

11,969.81,678.01,528.7

350.6667.4

5,612.13,138.8

538.3440.9

5,335.72,589.41,285.21,145.01,538.51,644.2

519.82,108.5

2,866.23,991.72,243.51,005.02,416.3

329.6768.1679.1501.4

3,502.1

628.67,737.93,270.7

287.24,912.11,241.61,319.95,115.0

431.81,578.8

316.82,342.17,550.3

813.3256.8

2,938.42,266.5

655.72,416.8

210.9

1,722.3254.3

1,587.5995.9

11,953.11,680.91,528 5

349.6670.0

5,628.63,155.5

539.6445.1

5,354.22,599.11,287.11,146.61,540.01,644.4

521.92,109.1

2,869.83,991.12,256.01,008.72,419.3

330.2768.4683.7504.4

3,510.0

630.37,748.43,279.0

286.94,920.61,240.61,323.15,119.9

431.61,579.3

318.02,353.47,561.9

818.6257.9

2,945.12,264.2

657.82,423.4

211.1

1,721.6254.1

1,591.6997.7

11,943.71,683.61,525.1

350.3668.1

5,644.93,163.3

537.3447.5

5,359.32,609.01,291.51,146.21,542.31,645.8

522.22,108.6

2,870.24,007.62,266.31,010.12,422.4

329.7767.7688.6504.0

3,512.1

630.87,759.73,287.0

287.14,917.51,241.61,327.75,126.6

431.61,581.6

318.52,358.07,578.1

825.0257.8

2,952.92,268.2

659.52,429.4

211.2

1,722.2255.4

1,593.7996.1

11,940.31,690.51,522.6

350.8667.0

5,668.33,170.9

536.5448.4

5,374.02,612.21,293.41,149.71,539.61,647.9

521.62,111.0

2,868.44,014.72,272.71,009.92,430.9

331.0768.9696.5504.6

3,516.9

631.47,764.73,294.4

287.64,923.91,241.31,329.35,138.4

432.01,583.8

318.62,365.57,594.4

831.7256.8

2,960.22,269.1

666.92,431.4

212.3

1,722.7255.0

1,597.71,000.3

11,947.61,692.51 532.2

350.0665.8

5,657.83,176.8

534.0451.2

5,352.02,613.51,293.11,150.51,529.21,642.1

517.72,111.4

2,891.74,028.42,283.31,013.62,421.8

331.2770.2697.9508.8

3,521.3

638.87,775.73,293.5

287.44,929.71,249.01,331.25,109.8

430.71,589.8

323.22,362.17,569.3

839.9256.4

2,959.42,270.1

663.22,429.3

213.3

1,726.4258.2

1,604.61,003.0

11,957.51,700.21,530.4

349.6665.0

5,685.33,201.2

533.4453.1

5,372.92,616.01,293.81,150.61,539.21,651.9

520.92,102.8

2,892.44,044.02,288.71,016.42,430.9

332.0766.9702.9512.5

3,510.6

639.87,779.13,295.9

288.84,940.71,247.61,332.45,114.6

430.61,593.1

324.42,370.67,601.9

842.9258.4

2,968.12,275.1

665.12,431.0

213.3

1,730.2258.3

1,615.61,005.8

11,955.21,701.61,525.8

350.6664.2

5,701.53,214.0

533.0456.6

5,375.22,634.21,297.71,153.11,547.21,663.5

520.82,106.3

2,897.74,067.22,293.01,023.02,436.8

332.3767.0706.1514.3

3,519.0

641.87,793.53,317.3

291.14,942.11,247.91,336.55,134.5

430.51,591.7

325.52,372.17,622.9

847.1258.9

2,988.22,277.7

665.62,441.8

212.0

1,734.7256.7

1,623.91,006.4

11,955.21,706.31,530.2

354.5663.5

5,730.53,224.1

533.3458.9

5,376.82,635.91,303.31,147.11,550.51,673.8

524.02,115.6

2,917.24,076.62,298.81,025.02,456.3

331.4769.2709.5514.0

3,539.5

649.77,796.43,319.3

291.24,940.51,256.11,338.65,149.2

432.31,591.8

326.42,377.37,660.2

848.7260.4

2,995.72,275.4

667.72,443.6

212.0

1,732.5256.0

1,626.81,012.2

11,953.21,707.11,533.6

356.9663.4

5,738.93,233.4

530.0460.3

5,397.82,634.51,307.81,156.01,552.81,680.1

527.72,116.6

2,922.24,084.12,296.31,030.42,463.8

333.5772.4711.1512.2

3,546.7

651.67,812.43,328.6

291.24,950.51,259.41,343.95,171.3

434.41,593.7

327.42,387.67,675.6

850.5258.8

3,001.82,281.1

677.42,445.8

211.9

1,742.0257.3

1,638.41,016.1

11,946.41,712.81,530.7

358.9661.3

5,760.33,248.5

532.1461.4

5,408.42,633.01,315.31,165.91,559.91,684.0

527.22,115.9

2,927.04,101.72,301.51,035.92,471.8

334.2774.0709.8513.3

3,552.3

656.17,812.73,335.7

290.94,953.51,264.61,347.75,183.8

438.41,595.6

330.12,393.07,705.5

854.5259.1

3,004.32,293.2

671.02,459.1

212.4

1,727.9257.1

1,645.51,023.7

11,960.11,722.51,534.3

356.566S.3

5,776.63,244.2

530.9463.4

5,411.62,637.51,311.21,158.21,565.51,685.3

530.22,113.6

2,934.74,099.02,301.51,040.72,474.7

335.2782.7711.3518.0

3,558.8

657.97,839.53,334.6

292.34,951.91,268.01,352.75,172.2

436.31,596.3

331.62,394.67,744.6

859.1258.4

3,013.62,293.7

671.32,470.1

211.8

1,732.9258.7

1,653.41,030.0

11,968.81,724.61,535.4

360.5662.6

5,793.03,261.9

531.2463.5

5,418.52,638.01,312.41,161.41,569.11,695.4

530.42,115.3

2,942.24,107.82,304.11,046.22,479.5

338.6785.9715.1514.0

3,565.1

659.27,836.43,345.9

294.34,954.91,265.61,358.65,180.7

438.41,594.5

332.22,395.17,777.2

864.2257.9

3,016.32,297.2

676.02,470.0

213.2

1,737.9259.0

1,661.41,031.8

11,952.31,725.71,533.0

359.8664.9

5,825.03,275.9

532.9464.2

5,420.22,646.91,313.91,163.51,578.71,704.7

528.92,122.5

2,941.84,129.22,307.31,032.42,491.8

340.2786.3718.8512.7

3,563.1

661.17,833.23,343.5

294.64,958.81,272.81,359.35,184.7

436.01,595.3

332.02,398.37,776.8

869.2258.6

3,026.32,295.5

679.32,470.2

213.7

52


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE EMPLOYMENT

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State1993

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p

Construction


Hawaii2

IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland





78.711.791.237.0

446.085.245.918.28.5

289.2132.1

31.825.7

198.6118.549.248.971.097.420.4

119.7

83.9134.678.741.096.814.232.147.817.0

114.0

36.8239.4156.011.7

184.842.156.1

197.712.282.3

12.995.9

352.439.911.8

154.7120.132.995.512.3

79.311.892.737.3

447.085.445.718.28.4

291.1131.5

32.025.5

200.8119.749.649.370.998.621.1

120.4

84.8134.280.542.197.914.332.547.617.0

116.0

37.3240.6156.2

12.0184.742.255.8

198.612.081.9

13.297.3

354.740.611.4

155.4120.933.795.512.4

78.411.794.037.2

446.985.346.318.38.5

292.1131.7

31.725.8

200.0120.451.149.270.998.521.4

121.0

84.6134.681.341.698.414.232.547.217.2

116.4

37.6240.0156.512.0

185.142.457.1

198.811.882.0

13.197.6

355.341.911.3

155.8121.334.395.912.5

78.611.995.437.1

447.186.747.318.38.6

294.2133.0

31.025.7

201.7119.750.548.970.598.121.7

121.6

85.2133.981.841.799.714.232.647.117.6

118.2

38.2240.3157.4

12.2185.542.356.1

200.311.281.8

13.298.2

356.543.111.1

156.5120.933.995.212.6

78.912.498.137.8

446.487.047.917.98.2

295.1135.7

30.727.3

196.2116.849.448.566.396.921.5

118.9

86.0132.782.241.199.414.632.548.118.1

116.4

38.4244.0159.0

12.4183.143.657.9

194.710.781.9

13.197.1

358.543.610.9

156.6122.031.892.412.6

78.213.1

101.038.5

450.385.049.117.48.1

295.2132.8

30.327.2

197.1118.249.347.067.298.721.6

117.8

85.2134.282.439.8

100.914.431.048.018.3

114.5

37.8242.4158.112.5

184.142.556.6

194.810.481.4

13.396.1

361.144.511.0

156.0121.832.291.012.5

78.413.0

101.939.4

451.684.347.917.38.4

296.5136.2

29.728.0

201.1122.350.447.969.1

101.421.5

117.3

84.3138.282.640.7

101.014.131.848.818.3

116.3

38.3244.1160.613.3

182.941.957.9

194.710.381.9

13.895.9

364.845.310.8

158.2123.032.993.912.7

79.412.9

103.238.8

452.483.646.917.78.3

300.1138.1

30.027.7

199.1121.650.748.570.2

102.621.5

118.0

88.5137.082.141.5

102.914.032.348.718.0

120.6

39.0245.8161.5

13.5182.843.157.6

200.910.683.0

13.995.7

366.046.110.8

159.1121.933.896.812.8

79.913.0

102.839.6

451.983.446.218.38.5

300.5138.0

29.328.5

202.3123.651.249.470.9

103.922.1

118.0

89.0136.881.942.5

104.814.333.248.417.6

121.8

39.6244.9163.012.9

183.543.859.2

202.111.682.5

14.096.8

365.946.811.0

159.5123.934.298.413.1

80.512.5

103.540.2

452.284.645.919.18.8

300.1138.5

28.929.0

202.8121.950.350.769.3

105.621.5

119.2

88.3138.881.341.9

105.514.533.448.417.1

122.3

40.7248.0164.113.0

183.545.460.6

203.312.581.6

13.796.9

370.548.011.2

159.4125.934.6

100.612.4

80.412.5

103.040.2

453.685.246.819.18.8

304.0134.7

29.029.4

202.0123.549.852.470.2

104.921.6

119.7

86.9142.380.541.4

107.414.832.949.417.1

123.7

41.7251.0163.9

13.0182.446.260.8

202.813.182.1

13.896.6

373.049.411.1

159.9127.035.4

101.112.6

80.012.7

104.040.6

452.485.945.818.98.7

304.9139.5

29.629.2

203.0123.449.552.269.8

105.021.9

120.3

87.1139.780.441.9

107.614.732.949.316.6

123.8

42.3252.3164.0

12.9181.947.261.8

203.112.481.3

14.396.7

374.449.211.0

160.4126.835.4

101.312.4

80.512.5

104.541.4

452.886.946.319.08.9

307.3142.1

29.729.2

205.0125.749.552.270.6

106.122.0

121.1

86.6141.880.540.5

108.614.933.349.116.9

122.7

42.8255.3164.712.6

182.347.963.9

201.711.681.2

13.697.8

375.549.111.6

161.6126.735.5

102.412.4

53




(In thousands)

StateSept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.P

Manufacturing







383.417.2

174.0244.1

1,786.6187.9291.964.713.8

483.8556.6

19.069.4

934.8638.5236.8182.0293.0186.390.9

178.2

450.3894.3404.4253.5410.6

23.0104.030.596.6

515.1

43.3975.9847.1

19.61,046.7

168.3211.3936.186.6

373.9

40.2530.8992.6109.243.3

405.2338.6

82.7559.1

9.5

382.617.3

174.1244.9

1,778.7188.1290.9

64.813.9

483.5556.3

18.870.0

936.5638.7237.1181.5292.7186.791.6

178.1

449.8897.1405.7254.6412.1

23.1104.030.496.7

513.9

43.4973.7847.5

19.51,044.6

169.1212.9935.0

86.7372.2

40.7531.5994.0109.943.3

405.9338.5

82.5561.1

9.5

382.216.5

174.4245.5

1,773.4187.7289.0

64.413.9

482.6558.0

18.870.6

937.1640.6238.0181.2293.3186.591.8

177.9

447.6906.5407.0255.4412.8

22.7104.130.497.1

512.9

43.5972.5849.1

19.61,046.0

169.4212.5934.886.3

371.5

41.2532.9995.3110.843.3

406.5337.0

82.8562.3

9.4

381.816.5

174.7245.6

1,766.1188.8287.964.214.0

482.7558.8

18.770.8

940.2642.0238.4181.2292.8186.791.8

177.7

446.1911.4408.3255.5412.8

22.7104.030.597.1

512.6

43.4971.4847.9

19.71,047.4

169.7214.1935.7

86.4371.8

41.3534.4997.0111.643.6

405.2335.2

82.6563.2

9.4

380.715.4

176.2247.3

1,766.2188.7287.2

64.414.1

480.7559.7

17.871.1

942.1644.1240.4181.9293.3186.391.2

177.8

445.7931.2410.6256.3411.4

22.9103.930.697.1

514.9

43.4965.5847.7

19.81,050.3

170.1214.8936.186.7

371.7

41.8534.8994.5114.243.2

406.4335.6

81.5566.0

9.6

381.618.4

176.4247.0

1,761.1188.9285.163.614.2

480.6565.6

18.071.4

941.3647.8241.1182.0293.2186.492.4

177.5

445.5929.8410.5257.1412.1

23.0104.230.897.9

511.0

43.6965.0847.6

20.11,052.9

168.5216.1935.4

86.7374.4

41.9537.6995.8114.243.2

403.3333.9

81.3566.5

9.8

382.917.5

176.4246.9

1,761.1188.8285.9

63.714.1

481.4565.7

18.172.7

941.5647.2242.1182.2294.1187.292.7

177.0

445.5934.2410.2258.0412.4

23.0104.031.098.1

509.7

43.4961.8851.9

20.51,053.0

169.1216.5936.886.5

372.3

42.4537.5997.6115.043.1

401.9333.8

81.3567.9

9.9

383.116.0

177.9248.3

1,760.8190.3284.7

63.714.2

482.8566.4

17.972.8

940.0649.7242.4182.1295.2187.892.5

177.3

446.8935.6410.5256.7412.322.6

104.131.698.1

510.4

44.0960.0851.1

20.91,052.5

169.2216.6934.386.5

371.7

42.4539.0

1,000.1115.242.8

399.6332.5

81.4568.2

9.9

384.014.5

178.3249.0

1,754.8191.0286.2

63.414.1

482.8567.3

17.872.2

939.0650.0243.5182.6296.1186.792.8

177.2

447.3930.5411.4257.8410.4

22.6104.031.898.1

509.7

43.8958.3850.4

20.91,052.6

169.4215.8936.0

86.3370.8

42.5537.9

1,000.5115.442.7

401.6331.8

81.4568.5

9.9

384.416.1

181.2250.7

1,752.3191.0285.5

63.314.0

483.2568.7

17.772.7

939.0649.5244.5182.3297.6186.092.7

176.4

448.1940.7413.7259.0409.8

22.6104.531.898.3

507.8

44.2954.9850.0

21.11,054.6

170.2218.0936.9

86.4371.2

43.2540.6

1,000.6115.042.8

400.7332.6

81.1572.9

9.9

381.916.3

182.3252.3

1,755.5190.7284.3

60.714.0

484.3565.5

17.472.7

930.5652.3245.0180.5299.1186.392.4

176.5

450.3938.5414.2260.5408.0

22.5105.631.999.7

507.2

44.6955.4854.0

21.11,056.7

170.7218.8937.883.5

372.0

43.9540.8

1,000.2115.243.2

404.1332.9

81.0574.8

9.9

385.016.4

183.1253.9

1,753.1190.1284.4

63.814.1

483.4572.7

17.473.2

929.0652.1244.1181.0300.4186.791.6

176.9

449.2943.6416.6260.6414.2

22.5105.831.898.4

510.0

45.4952.4852.7

21.31,058.2

169.0216.4937.286.4

370.4

44.5539.3

1,000.7115.443.2

401.8333.6

81.4573.2

9.8

386.017.4

182.5255.9

1,750.5190.6282.5

63.614.2

484.5571.3

17.471.6

930.3654.1244.5182.8302.5187.191.9

176.8

446.9944.8417.1258.6416.522.6

105.531.997.8

507.2

45.8947.3852.821.2

1,056.9169.9216.5934.885.9

370.8

44.8539.1

1,002.5116.943.5

402.5333.0

81.5572.3

9.9

54



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

State1993


1994









85.222.977.957.2

600.6104.569.514.921.1

285.2203.6

40.920.8

312.0133.957.267.082.4

105.122.198.6

125.0155.6106.645.8

155.120.247.135.618.0

235.2

28.9399.1156.5

18.1213.171.665.9

266.314.566.4

14.7127.8438.747.211.0

150.1115.538.8

113.614.6

85.322.877.556.9

600.1104.069.415.0

CVJ

285.7203.1

40.621.1

311.2134.757.067.182.4

105.821.698.3

125.8156.1109.046.0

154.520.247.035.817.9

234.4

28.9400.4156.6

18.1213.2

71.266.0

267.114.366.5

14.6128.7439.4

47.411.0

150.7114.638.7

113.814.6

85.522.876.956.8

597.5104.769.315.120.8

287.0203.4

40.121.4

312.2135.056.967.382.6

105.721.897.9

124.9156.3109.945.3

154.520.347.235.917.9

235.1

28.9401.4156.8

18.2212.9

70.966.2

267.214.566.6

14.6128.3441.6

47.711.0

151.4114.338.6

113.914.6

85.222.976.657.1

597.9104.969.314.920.8

289.9202.9

39.821.4

313.8135.056.967.782.5

106.321.998.1

125.3156.4110.145.2

154.720.447.435.918.0

235.1

28.9402.4156.7

18.2212.7

70.966.4

268.914.766.7

14.6128.1443.3

48.110.9

151.5115.439.0

114.414.6

85.023.078.656.3

600.1104.269.214.820.8

283.7203.6

39.921.1

312.1135.356.868.081.8

105.721.498.9

126.7158.8110.044.6

154.520.047.236.018.1

237.7

29.4404.2155.818.3

212.571.366.0

269.214.566.2

14.9127.1443.549.210.9

150.9115.139.2

114.014.6

84.923.278.656.4

599.3105.169.315.120.7

285.0205.4

39.821.0

313.2135.356.968.382.9

106.121.597.7

127.3158.8110.244.7

154.620.247.436.018.2

238.0

29.7406.0156.318.4

212.571.666.1

268.614.666.8

14.9128.5445.0

49.311.0

151.4114.639.7

114.214.7

85.123.478.556.6

598.9105.068.414.920.8

286.4206.2

40.121.1

312.6135.757.268.182.9

106.621.397.3

127.9159.1109.944.9

154.820.247.836.318.2

238.7

29.9406.4157.1

18.4212.0

71.866.4

269.414.567.0

14.9128.9444.949.810.9

152.8117.039.3

114.414.6

85.223.178.756.1

591.8103.169.515.020.9

286.4203.5

40.321.3

306.1132.957.368.283.1

106.620.997.0

127.0154.1108.543.7

151.720.247.036.417.9

236.9

30.0402.7155.7

18.3203.8

71.865.0

262.814.566.5

15.1124.1444.5

48.211.0

151.3115.239.0

111.214.5

85.023.479.356.8

594.3103.568.915.221.2

288.1207.7

40.121.4

311.3135.857.468.783.7

107.221.097.6

127.5160.5109.345.2

155.020.447.236.518.2

238.7

30.1405.8155.718.3

212.572.066.2

271.514.667.7

15.0129.7445.6

48.510.9

153.3117.339.2

110.814.4

85.123.179.457.0

593.7103.268.915.221.2

286.9208.1

39.821.4

312.5136.257.769.184.2

107.321.597.1

127.4160.0109.446.2

154.720.447.236.718.3

238.5

29.5405.2156.318.1

212.572.066.6

272.114.567.3

15.3129.5446.648.710.9

151.9118.239.3

113.614.4

84.823.178.957.6

594.5104.569.014.921.1

285.9207.9

39.921.5

312.7136.657.669.284.8

107.921.796.2

127.7158.9110.045.9

154.420.447.536.618.4

238.2

29.8399.8157.4

18.4212.0

71.766.9

269.514.467.3

15.4129.9445.649.411.2

153.2119.339.6

113.414.2

84.823.179.058.1

593.6104.768.715.321.0

286.9208.0

39.821.0

311.8136.857.469.284.8

108.121.296.4

127.1158.8109.246.2

153.920.547.937.018.0

238.8

29.8398.5156.6

18.4211.5

71.467.2

267.814.067.4

15.5130.3450.0

49.811.1

152.9117.339.8

113.514.1

85.223.178.958.1

592.9104.868.115.120.9

287.5205.8

39.721.3

314.3137.457.969.585.1

108.121.296.0

126.2159.2110.845.4

155.420.448.237.017.9

238.7

29.4400.1155.518.5

211.871.467.3

268.614.566.8

15.3130.4452.250.111.1

152.9118.339.8

113.714.2

55




(In thousands)

StateSept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


Wholesale and retail trade







377.849.6

389.0221.1

2,775.9406.8326.576.352.7

.,462.4782.7

132.6110.4

1,246.3605.6321.4276.0361.5382.0131.3498.9

648.9936.2535.4210.7574.188.3

193.7135.0129.1815.9

147.81,551.6

736.875.1

1,174.8289.6329.2

1,148.095.8

352.7

81.6537.5

.,822.5193.660.6

651.4547.6149.8554.148.4

379.349.4

389.8221.4

2,768.8408.2327.0

76.052.6

1,464.8784.6

132.6112.2

1,250.8613.7322.3276.1361.4380.4131.3498.3

649.7936.6538.3211.1574.288.4

193.8135.4129.2818.5

148.31,551.7

737.675.3

1,174.8289.9330.0

1,148.895.1

353.9

81.3541.0

1,827.1194.860.5

652.6549.4150.5556.248.2

380.050.2

390.1222.2

2,765.4409.9324.9

76.052.2

1,468.3786.5

132.3112.9

1,253.2618.3322.4276.7361.2381.3130.9497.8

650.5939.9540.9211.4574.388.4

194.1136.0129.0818.0

148.31,553.1

737.875.2

1,174.8289.9330.4

1,150.394.9

355.3

81.3541.7

1,833.0196.260.1

653.0549.4151.3558.948.2

381.550.4

389.9221.7

2,765.3411.3322.6

76.251.9

1,472.8787.2

132.2112.8

1,254.5618.8322.8277.0360.6382.4130.1497.9

648.1941.6540.8211.5575.188.6

194.0136.9129.3819.4

148.31,555.7

740.675.3

1,175.3289.5330.8

1,153.295.1

356.4

81.2543.7

1,844.9197.160.6

655.0550.7152.3558.748.4

380.649.9

389.3221.2

2,769.4413.1328.1

76.752.1

1,463.8787.2

131.7113.2

1,251.9614.3321.7276.2359.5379.7129.7500.8

656.2937.7544.7211.9572.589.0

194.3137.0129.9823.4

150.41,567.2

736.374.9

1,178.0290.8330.4

1,146.394.3

357.1

82.4542.3

1,834.7198.260.9

658.9549.1152.1554.248.5

382.349.7

390.2222.2

2,768.3415.9328.2

76.351.8

1,477.3794.2

130.7113.7

1,264.6615.4322.3277.2363.5382.6129.6499.2

655.3945.8548.0212.8574.989.2

194.2137.9130.2819.0

150.71,566.4

738.875.2

1,180.6292.5330.7

1,149.494.6

358.8

82.8545.5

1,842.6198.561.1

663.1552.4152.3556.6

48.6

383.750.6

394.4223.6

2,768.6417.7325.176.752.1

1,479.2795.7

130.4114.6

1,263.6615.7321.5278.3364.9386.8129.4500.3

659.9952.0549.0215.0575.389.0

193.5138.4130.9822.3

151.21,571.2

743.175.6

1,181.7291.4331.9

1,155.794.4

358.1

82.6546.1

1,848.6199.961.4

668.7551.9152.4557.248.3

384.751.3

397.8223.6

2,768.4420.3326.6

77.851.6

1,484.9796.9

130.3115.9

1,271.1616.3323.9277.1365.5388.2132.1502.2

663.9957.5551.5216.6581.588.8

193.6139.3131.9827.5

153.41,570.5

743.675.4

1,182.3293.2334.6

1,157.694.6

357.9

83.0550.5

1,855.5199.561.5

672.7551.0153.6558.1

48.3

384.451.1

398.4224.5

2,765.2421.0327.1

79.152.0

1,487.0797.3

129.4116.0

1,273.7615.9324.8278.2367.0389.5133.3503.0

668.7960.0548.3217.1582.489.0

193.4140.1130.8828.8

153.71,572.4

745.275.1

1,185.4292.7335.0

1,160.495.2

358.3

83.3552.0

1,862.5199.961.3

675.4551.5154.1559.5

48.0

385.951.2

401.4224.6

2,760.8424.9325.7

79.652.8

1,491.6800.6

129.1116.3

1,278.7614.7326.0278.9368.6390.8134.3504.7

670.6965.4548.9217.7581.489.8

194.3140.7131.9831.3

154.01,574.2

745.075.2

1,183.5294.6335.5

1,166.396.1

358.2

83.6552.7

1,867.6200.761.8

675.6554.5154.3559.948.8

385.151.4

400.6226.8

2,762.8427.1327.1

79.552.3

1,492.9797.4

129.3116.8

1,275.7615.9325.9277.6370.4392.0135.6505.0

673.1963.2548.9216.4580.890.0

197.0140.4131.8834.8

155.51,579.4

745.475.8

1,185.3296.6335.2

1,164.495.9

357.3

84.2556.3

1,874.9202.461.2

677.6552.7154.4561.349.3

385.651.9

403.6228.4

2,764.3427.7326.3

79.353.1

1,499.5798.5

130.0117.1

1,277.7615.7326.8277.4370.9393.6136.4504.4

675.9961.2549.4217.3581.790.6

197.3140.4130.0836.6

155.51,582.8

746.675.9

1,185.4297.2338.2

1,168.596.9

357.8

84.0557.0

1,882.9203.361.2

677.6553.6154.9564.549.7

385.752.1

403.7229.6

2,762.7430.0324.879.053.2

1,504.7802.8

130.3117.7

1,280.4618.6327.1278.5371.9394.5136.1503.9

675.3964.9549.9216.5585.890.8

198.2141.0131.1836.7

155.11,583.1

747.475.6

1,184.1298.0336.4

1,167.696.5

358.3

84.3558.6

1,885.0204.560.9

681.1555.8155.4564.049.5

56



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

StateSept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994









75.811.3

100.540.7

785.1107.2138.935.430.7

358.4167.1

39.423.0

384.4128.774.658.562.777.925.8

129.8

200.3193.1136.938.9

141.915.050.631.529.8

229.7

27.8728.4139.913.6

259.261.593.0

304.125.466.1

17.9104.2430.541.012.1

158.3121.725.2

131.47.8

76.011.4

100.840.8

783.2107.7139.135.530.6

359.9167.4

39.623.1

384.8129.074.858.463.078.125.9

129.9

200.6189.5137.738.9

142.315.050.531.729.9

230.3

27.8729.2141.013.6

259.361.393.5

304.025.366.2

17.9104.9431.841.612.2

159.2121.925.1

132.0in

76.111.3

101.140.9

782.2108.2138.735.830.3

361.0167.2

39.423.3

385.5129.375.058.663.477.926.1

130.0

200.5193.3138.438.9

142.314.950.731.829.9

230.7

27.7728.7141.113.6

259.661.393.8

304.725.366.3

18.0105.1433.8

41.612.2

160.1122.325.1

132.47.7

76.511.4

101.341.0

780.7108.7138.335.930.0

361.7167.6

39.423.3

386.0129.575.558.663.277.926.0

130.0

200.6193.5139.138.9

143.115.050.631.929.9

230.6

27.8728.7141.713.7

260.161.193.9

304.625.266.3

17.9105.4435.542.512.3

160.8122.725.1

132.77.8

76.911.4

101.340.9

782.4108.4138.436.030.0

362.8166.6

39.623.4

385.4129.475.258.463.077.825.9

130.6

201.4192.5139.338.7

141.215.150.532.130.1

230.5

28.1727.4141.913.7

260.561.294.4

303.125.366.2

18.0105.2434.244.212.2

160.0123.225.0

132.67.9

77.111.4

101.141.2

780.9108.6137.836.229.6

363.5167.1

39.523.4

385.5129.475.158.562.877.825.9

130.4

201.4192.6139.739.2

141.315.150.832.130.1

231.1

28.2728.6142.213.8

260.461.394.7

304.325.466.5

18.1105.3434.444.612.1

160.9122.925.0

132.47.9

77.211.3

101.341.4

780.5108.8136.836.429.3

364.5167.5

39.523.8

384.9129.675.458.662.978.126.0

130.1

201.6193.6140.039.4

141.915.250.632.130.1

230.9

28.3729.5142.913.8

260.661.695.4

304.525.266.3

18.2105.3436.945.012.0

161.2122.325.1

132.77.8

77.311.5

101.541.2

778.5109.5138.136.729.5

364.2167.4

39.624.1

385.3129.875.758.862.978.626.1

130.2

202.3194.8139.639.5

143.015.150.732.129.8

231.0

28.9730.3143.813.8

260.961.895.9

305.925.466.3

18.2105.6438.645.912.0

162.2122.125.0

132.67.8

77.011.4

101.741.4

774.8109.1137.336.729.9

365.2167.8

39.624.0

386.3129.975.959.062.578.725.9

129.6

202.2195.5139.339.1

143.215.250.532.129.8

231.1

29.0730.9144.713.8

260.961.996.5

307.225.266.4

18.2105.8438.846.212.0

162.9121.825.0

132.97.7

77.011.4

102.541.4

770.4109.4136.836.930.1

365.7167.7

39.624.2

386.7129.875.959.462.579.125.8

129.1

202.3196.4138.839.1

143.115.150.632.129.5

232.3

29.0733.7145.313.9

260.762.096.5

307.225.066.4

18.2105.9438.946.011.9

163.5121.825.3

132.97.8

77.011.5

102.941.6

768.2109.7136.037.030.2

367.0167.3

39.424.3

387.8130.075.959.162.279.225.8

128.6

202.6196.6138.638.9

144.015.250.532.029.0

232.7

29.3734.8145.313.9

260.862.196.6

307.725.266.2

18.2105.9437.746.812.1

164.3121.325.3

133.37.7

77.211.5

102.741.6

765.4109.3136.137.130.3

367.2167.0

39.224.4

386.9129.876.058.762.679.425.8

128.1

202.2196.0138.539.1

143.515.150.432.128.8

232.0

29.2733.8145.614.0

260.661.896.9

307.725.166.3

18.1106.2439.546.312.1

164.6121.625.4

133.67.7

77.011.5

102.541.6

763.0109.1135.837.530.1

368.7166.8

39.224.6

388.7129.676.358.862.679.225.9

128.3

202.2195.1138.738.8

143.315.050.332.229.0

231.9

29.4733.9146.114.0

260.762.196.6

307.125.066.3

18.2106.1440.546.912.0

165.7120.825.5

133.47.8

57




(In thousands)

State1993


1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Aug. Sept.P







Services

365.157.1

454.2221.3

3,466.1473.0447.8

90.7254.5

1,842.4742.5

163.398.9

1,485.9560.1319.6272.0365.1410.4135.2660.9

966.61,026.0

619.1199.3654.3

89.1189.2297.2138.6

1,024.0

168.12,418.7

697.077.4

1,281.4305.6330.6

1,532.4136.8337.5

79.3578.9

1,950.9213.9

74.6806.5585.2168.0600.443.1

366.656.7

454.7222.2

3,465.4474.1447.8

90.6258.4

1,850.5750.7

164.299.7

1,483.7561.2319.8273.2366.1408.9136.3665.4

968.21,027.1

621.3199.5654.3

88.9189.1301.1138.7

1,026.8

169.02,427.3

700.277.9

1,285.5304.8331.0

1,536.0137.1339.0

80.8581.8

1,953.1215.6

75.2809.4586.0169.5601.3

43.1

365.457.0

455.5222.2

3,465.3474.2447.3

91.0256.6

1,858.5753.6

163.599.7

1,484.6563.1320.8273.4366.4409.9136.5664.7

972.11,027.0

623.4200.8655.1

89.0188.5305.5138.5

1,028.2

168.82,435.9

703.278.2

1,286.5304.3333.1

1,539.0137.3340.2

80.9583.1

1,954.4217.3

75.7813.2587.3169.4602.0

43.2

365.157.2

456.6220.9

3,469.6475.7447.6

91.3256.8

1,866.7757.1

163.4100.1

1,489.2564.0321.5274.9366.5411.1136.7665.2

974.01,027.5

626.6200.0658.7

89.4188.3311.7138.2

1,030.1

168.92,440.9

707.577.9

1,289.1304.4333.3

1,540.5136.8341.3

81.0585.9

1,954.8218.9

74.2817.2589.3170.0602.4

43.5

365.357.5

455.9223.9

3,469.6477.7453.2

90.7255.4

1,869.8758.2

163.9100.9

1,479.7569.2322.8276.8364.6410.3135.8664.2

987.51,029.8

629.3204.3657.5

89.6189.1312.2140.1

1,031.2

172.62,444.6

709.577.8

1,292.9307.0332.2

1,530.1137.4345.3

83.3585.7

1,948.9221.2

74.2816.7588.3170.1604.9

43.8

368.557.8

458.8224.8

3,480.2482.4450.8

91.4256.5

1,879.3767.9

163.2101.8

1,481.2568.6323.3276.4365.6415.3136.4662.7

987.61,036.3

631.0207.1660.3

89.9188.8315.5140.9

1,033.8

173.12,449.8

711.977.9

1,296.0307.0332.9

1,533.3136.8344.6

83.6587.5

1,966.8221.9

75.3822.9589.2170.9607.9

43.8

368.857.8

463.8225.1

3,478.8482.8451.9

92.1256.4

1,889.5774.3

163.2101.5

1,481.9582.1323.7277.0367.9418.0136.6663.3

990.81,040.0

633.3207.1664.5

90.6188.2315.7141.6

1,036.7

173.32,458.0

717.979.1

1,296.9307.3334.1

1,541.7138.1344.4

83.9587.7

1,976.3222.7

75.8829.5593.6171.2610.3

43.7

370.157.6

466.6225.5

3,487.0483.7453.0

94.1256.1

1,898.9782.9

163.3101.8

1,487.7583.4325.0277.7368.0421.3137.6669.9

997.31,050.2

636.4209.5675.2

90.0190.6316.8142.9

1,046.2

175.52,464.3

719.279.1

1,299.4310.6334.1

1,553.1138.6344.4

84.0591.4

1,998.3223.7

77.5834.0594.2172.3611.7

44.0

368.458.4

466.9226.7

3,490.8485.5456.8

93.9256.5

1,907.2786.6

163.6102.6

1,490.3578.1325.7278.0367.5424.5138.7671.2

997.51,054.5

636.4211.1677.2

90.7190.6317.1143.0

1,047.9

176.32,473.1

723.379.8

1,300.0312.7335.1

1,560.4139.4345.9

84.5594.2

2,004.0223.5

75.3834.0596.7174.0611.5

43.5

369.758.6

469.6227.8

3,493.4485.9457.4

94.7255.0

1,917.7795.3

164.0102.6

1,495.6577.3327.4279.3370.2425.5138.4670.3

1,001.71,059.3

640.2215.9684.8

91.0193.4317.1143.5

1,051.7

175.92,477.5

727.679.6

1,297.3314.5336.0

1,558.9141.9347.9

85.3593.7

2,025.8225.3

75.2837.6599.7173.6614.4

43.7

368.858.6

470.8229.2

3,503.0488.1461.3

94.6255.9

1,927.5800.7

164.2102.9

1,504.4576.8328.3279.9372.2428.0138.2671.9

1,009.91,063.4

641.5218.0688.7

90.7195.1317.2144.8

1,054.5

176.82,487.6

724.179.8

1,300.2317.2338.1

1,563.3141.2348.2

85.0594.9

2,037.0225.6

75.8840.9598.9174.2617.9

43.3

370.058.8

471.6230.7

3,510.5488.7462.5

94.7257.2

1,941.3806.2

163.5102.6

1,507.1579.5328.1280.1373.8433.1139.1669.4

1,014.21,066.9

641.8217.0689.1

90.6195.8317.8144.8

1,058.7

177.02,485.7

726.179.8

1,299.4315.5339.9

1,566.5141.3348.3

85.0594.3

2,040.8229.2

75.6843.9601.0174.1619.8

43.4

370.458.7

474.0231.2

3,511.5488.3462.0

93.9259.1

1,949.4813.1

164.7103.4

1,515.7578.7327.3280.0376.9434.2138.0670.9

1,014.81,069.7

643.8215.2692.7

91.1194.9319.2145.0

1,060.8

178.82,488.8

726.380.4

1,301.9316.7340.4

1,566.4140.7348.9

84.3596.2

2,033.3230.1

75.5848.7599.5174.9617.7

44.0

58



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

State1993


1994


Government






341.274.2

290.1168.8

2,075.2297.5207.350.3

286.0884.6546.6

111.390.6

759.6397.6224.3231.8276.1339.693.9

421.3

390.0642.9355.4210.6379.1

74.2150.088.971.8

566.4

159.91,419.7

533.967.8

738.3267.6232.1709.160.3

298.1

67.6362.5

1,395.5160.042.9

600.9434.5135.0360.457.2

342.474.8

285.8168.8

2,075.6297.6207.749.4

284.9887.0554.3

111.891.3

772.2395.7224.5232.1276.5340.294.0

417.6

389.7641.7356.2211.2379.6

74.6150.189.274.5

568.3

159.71,420.4

536.566.6

744.5266.9232.2709.360.9

297.8

66.8363.5

1,394.3160.343.7

601.1429.6134.9361.2

57.7

343.174.5

287.6169.3

2,078.6297.9208.749.6

285.7889.3555.4

111.591.6

772.6396.0225.2231.1277.7340.293.6

418.1

388.8641.2357.9211.4380.7

74.5149.289.373.9

569.2

160.11,423.0

539.166.4

738.5268.3232.9710.561.3

297.9

66.8364.6

1,397.3161.043.5

602.0433.3135.1361.7

57.6

343.075.1

287.1169.1

2,079.4298.8208.849.9

284.8894.1556.8

112.092.2

773.2396.9225.7232.7276.7339.693.3

419.4

387.8641.6358.5211.8382.5

75.0150.590.074.1

569.2

160.01,420.2

539.266.8

739.5268.6233.0713.862.4

297.7

66.7365.1

1,395.4162.043.5

601.5431.5135.5362.4

57.8

344.375.8

286.3169.4

2,079.8297.9207.349.4

285.1895.8558.3

110.492.2

768.1398.2224.7232.0272.8340.292.1

419.1

387.0637.0359.6211.5381.0

74.4151.189.475.1

565.2

160.41,417.5

539.966.6

738.0269.6233.9710.061.7

299.6

67.4365.1

1,389.6161.143.4

597.5433.5134.8363.0

58.0

343.574.9

286.5169.4

2,084.1298.7209.049.5

284.0898.3560.6

111.992.5

773.5395.1223.6232.4275.2339.493.4

416.4

388.8637.9359.5210.5382.5

74.6149.190.076.6

561.1

160.21,415.6

537.667.0

739.9269.2233.7708.362.0

298.8

67.4365.2

1,393.4161.644.1

598.1436.9135.0360.257.8

343.974.9

287.3169.4

2,083.0298.8208.849.4

283.0897.9560.8

112.092.8

773.4395.4225.3232.4277.1340.293.2

419.8

386.5641.4360.8212.6382.7

74.6149.791.176.7

562.5

160.61,417.2

540.466.7

740.6269.9232.7711.261.4

300.0

67.3365.9

1,390.7161.244.4

602.4432.7134.6363.1

57.2

345.074.6

286.3169.4

2,084.0300.6210.549.4

282.8907.1561.3

111.993.1

771.7396.0226.1226.2277.3343.293.2

419.9

390.2638.7362.6212.3385.4

75.0149.591.875.0

565.0

162.11,417.6

541.066.5

744.5271.4233.1714.261.9

300.3

67.5366.2

1,394.9162.044.1

603.3435.1133.6362.8

57.3

343.874.4

287.4170.7

2,089.4298.5210.2

50.2281.1901.9561.2

110.293.3

779.3395.2227.1231.4276.6343.693.8

418.9

388.9637.4362.3212.4386.5

75.6152.192.274.2

566.9

162.51,421.8

542.966.6

741.4271.9234.4713.361.9

300.4

67.7366.4

1,398.0162.144.9

602.1434.6140.5362.0

57.6

349.174.6

288.6171.0

2,091.8298.6209.650.0

279.3908.9562.2

113.092.9

777.6397.4231.3237.5278.9343.492.9

418.0

387.5632.3361.6211.0388.275.1

149.390.274.2

566.6

166.01,413.8

544.066.3

747.4270.3232.9718.961.8

301.2

68.5368.9

1,394.8162.744.7

603.5437.0133.9362.6

57.5

339.673.8

294.7172.5

2,090.9302.1208.9

50.6280.9908.7563.3

111.793.5

783.2396.2226.4230.8277.9340.694.8

414.6

383.0627.3360.2214.4387.2

75.9152.791.076.7

565.9

163.51,426.2

541.166.6

740.5268.2234.6706.762.8

301.5

365.41,414.3

162.143.1

602.1438.1132.4366.0

57.1

340.274.7

297.1173.2

2,097.8303.0210.6

51.3278.1903.3562.5

111.793.7

787.7394.7228.2234.0278.2342.8

94.3418.7

385.4632.7360.2218.9385.4

79.1154.493.876.9

563.4

163.31,425.4

550.968.3

744.0268.5236.7710.362.1

301.3

68.6366.5

1,427.2162.943.0

604.0439.8135.7361.7

58.2

343.274.1

303.0170.6

2,087.0300.6212.651.6

278.4916.4566.5

111.994.0

770.4396.8229.0232.9280.4349.1

93.7424.4

388.6644.8358.7212.1385.3

79.7154.695.574.5

563.2

163.21,419.2

547.468.5

747.1271.8236.8719.561.6

301.3

69.2365.3

1,426.0163.343.4

602.8437.9137.6364.4

57.8

1 Includes mining, not shown separately.2 Mining is combined with construction.

p = preliminary.NOTE: All State data have been adjusted to March 1993 benchmarks.

59


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrollsby major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p Oct.p

Total private

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingOvertime hours

Durable goodsOvertime hours

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipment


Nondurable goodsOvertime hours

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

34.5

45.1

41.64.3

42.44.5

41.240.442.843.843.842.343.242.143.545.141.139.7

40.64.0

40.9(2)41.536.943.838.443.2(2)41.8

38.7

39.8

38.2

28.9

32.4

34.6

44.3

41.74.4

42.54.7

41.440.743.344.144.042.543.242.043.845.941.039.8

40.64.0

40.7(2)41.837.143.738.443.0(2)42.0

38.5

39.7

38.2

28.8

32.5

34.5

44.1

41.74.4

42.54.7

41.240.243.144.244.242.543.341.944.146.141.239.9

40.64.0

40.7(2)41.837.143.738.343.1(2)42.0

38.5

39.7

38.1

28.8

32.4

34.8

44.2

41.74.5

42.74.8

41.740.243.344.243.942.643.442.144.046.241.440.1

40.64.1

40.7(2)41.536.943.738.343.2(2)41.9

38.6

40.1

38.5

29.0

32.8

34.3

44.1

41.34.5

42.24.9

40.639.042.344.244.342.343.141.744.046.341.038.9

40.14.1

40.8(2)40.435.843.238.042.8(2)41.6

37.7

39.7

38.1

28.6

32.3

34.6

44.4

42.14.7

43.05.0

41.340.643.644.644.742.843.942.444.546.541.740.1

41.04.3

41.2(2)42.237.644.138.443.3(2)42.6

38.6

39.8

38.3

28.9

32.4

34.7

45.0

42.24.8

43.05.2

41.440.343.444.945.143.043.942.644.646.141.640.4

41.14.3

41.2(2)42.038.044.038.843.2(2)42.439.0

40.2

38.4

29.0

32.5

34.8

44.5

42.14.7

42.95.0

41.440.343.744.845.142.843.842.344.345.841.940.2

41.04.2

41.1(2)41.837.844.038.843.4(2)42.2

38.4

40.0

38.5

29.0

32.8

34.6

44.8

42.04.7

42.85.0

41.340.843.644.344.442.643.842.244.045.241.640.2

41.04.3

41.3(2)41.937.844.038.843.3(2)42.2

38.3

39.9

38.4

29.0

32.4

34.6

45.4

42.04.6

42.64.9

41.140.543.544.444.842.643.642.243.344.142.140.3

41.14.3

41.7(2)41.637.644.338.643.5(2)42.2

37.9

39.9

38.3

29.0

32.5

34.4

44.7

42.04.6

42.85.0

41.240.443.444.745.042.843.442.344.445.941.839.9

40.94.2

41.3(2)41.537.744.138.543.2(2)42.2

38.6

39.6

38.1

28.9

32.2

34.6

45.0

42.04.7

42.85.0

40.940.643.644.845.143.043.742.044.245.841.739.9

41.04.3

41.3(2)41.537.643.938.743.0(2)42.4

38.7

39.9

38.2

28.9

32.5

34.9

45.2

42.14.7

42.95.1

41.440.743.445.045.842.943.842.444.145.541.939.9

41.14.3

41.2(2)41.737.744.338.943.5(2)42.338.9

40.2

38.7

29.2

32.8

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward aresubject to revision.

60


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(1982=100)

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994


Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing


Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipment



Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

125.3

104.3

55.2

126.3

102.9

100.6127.2121.9103.285.771.1

103.492.8

101.4111.2139.775.6

100.1

105.9113.157.498.588.1

110.4123.8101.383.7

132.0

55.3

134.8

118.3

112.7

124.1

121.4

157.6

125.8

104.9

53.8

128.8

103.3

101.2128.7123.5104.486.671.6

104.493.1

101.4111.9142.975.0

100.0

106.0112.559.699.288.2

110.2123.8101.480.9

133.7

55.0

135.2

117.9

112.8

123.7

121.8

158.9

125.9

105.1

55.1

128.8

103.3

101.6128.7122.6104.286.871.7

104.893.7

101.6112.9145.275.0

100.6

105.8112.356.899.087.4

110.2123.2101.679.9

134.1

55.0

135.2

117.6

112.6

124.1

121.3

158.9

127.1

105.3

54.6

128.5

103.7

102.3131.6122.9105.287.071.3

105.694.4

101.8113.8149.475.2

100.8

105.7112.057.198.686.6

110.4123.5101.581.8

134.7

55.2

136.9

118.9

114.0

125.1

124.3

161.2

125.6

103.9

54.3

124.5

102.8

101.4128.2119.2102.887.371.6

105.194.2

101.2113.7149.474.597.4

104.7112.754.296.284.0

109.1122.6100.679.7

134.7

53.9

135.3

117.9

113.1

123.6

121.7

159.3

127.3

106.7

54.5

131.0

104.9

103.3130.4124.8106.588.171.6

106.796.1

103.2114.8150.375.6

100.8

107.1114.158.3

100.688.4

111.2124.1101.480.4

138.3

54.6

136.6

118.6

113.9

125.4

121.5

160.8

128.2

107.3

54.9

132.7

105.4

104.0131.3123.5107.388.570.8

107.896.9

104.6115.3149.575.2

101.9

107.4113.662.099.889.3

111.1125.5101.382.1

138.3

55.7

137.6

118.4

114.5

126.4

122.0

162.5

129.1

107.4

54.2

134.8

105.1

103.8131.6124.2107.888.570.8

107.696.9

103.8114.6147.975.4

101.0

107.0113.260.399.288.9

111.1125.1101.678.7

138.4

53.7

138.8

119.8

114.8

126.6

123.6

164.6

128.8

107.5

55.1

134.0

105.3

104.0131.7126.0107.888.370.5

107.997.5

104.3114.5147.774.3

101.4

107.1113.558.799.488.8

111.1125.7101.680.1

138.6

53.5

138.4

119.6

114.9

127.3

121.8

163.5

129.3

107.6

55.7

135.2

105.2

103.7131.3125.7107.888.971.6

108.097.2

104.2111.9143.775.1

102.8

107.2114.755.798.388.0

111.9125.3101.980.5

139.2

52.4

139.0

119.6

114.6

128.0

122.4

164.6

128.9

107.8

55.2

134.2

105.7

104.7132.0125.1107.689.671.5

109.197.3

105.5116.3153.574.2

102.1

107.0113.660.098.388.5

111.4125.3100.681.0

139.5

54.0

138.3

118.8

114.7

127.6

120.4

163.8

129.8

108.2

55.5

136.0

105.8

104.9131.0125.7107.890.372.1

109.798.4

105.3116.2154.174.0

101.4

107.0113.259.997.888.3

110.2125.8100.584.1

140.8

53.5

139.5

119.8

115.2

128.0

120.9

165.8

131.1

108.5

55.6

134.7

106.4

105.7133.1125.7107.891.673.2

110.499.0

106.3117.1154.674.2

101.4

107.4112.460.898.688.4

111.9126.4102.484.5

141.4

53.2

141.2

120.7

116.7

129.6

123.9

167.8


p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward aresubject to revision.

61


ESTABLISHMENT DATAALL-EMPLOYEE HOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Aug.1994r

Sept. Oct.1994P

Percent change

Oct. 1993to

Oct. 1994p

Aug. 1994to

Sept. 1994r

Sept. 1994to

Oct. 1994p

Total

Private sector

Mining ,ConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilities ..Wholesale tradeRetail trade,Finance, insurance, and real estateServices

Government

210,141

172,431

1,4019,945

39,28822,66216,62512,14412,04430,66512,52454,421

37,709

211,745

173,351

1,41510,07939,30122,70016,60112,19612,10530,76412,54854,942

38,394

213,414

175,231

1,406

39,47022,80916,66112,30112,28631,16112,85855,765

38,183

3.5

4.2

-.86.42.02.9

.72.43.74.62.16.4

1.01.3.0.2

-.1.4.5.3.2

1.0

1.8

1.1

-.6-.9.4.5.4.9

1.51/,2 ,1.6

-.5

1 Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multipliedby 52.

p = preliminary.r = revised.NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely onestablishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414,chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors".

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).

62


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privatenonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry1993

Oct. Nov. Dec,

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p Oct.1

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)


Excluding overtime2

Transportation and public utilities .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private (in constant dollars)3

Total private:In current dollarsIn constant (1982) dollars3 ....

$10.92

14.6214.4311.8411.2513.6611.847.35

11.5610.87

7.39

$10.94

14.5114.4611.8711.2813.7011.807.35

11.5810.88

7.39

$10.96

14.6814.4111.9311.3213.7311.827.37

11.6110.89

7.40

$11.02

14.8814.4311.9511.3413.8011.927.41

11.7310.97

7.43

$11.03

14.8114.5412.0111.4013.8211.887.42

11.6710.96

7.42

$11.02

14.7714.4712.0011.3713.7911.887.43

11.6910.95

7.39

$11.05

14.8714.5212.0011.3313.7711.957.45

11.7710.99

7.40

$11.09

14.8314.6012.0011.3713.8011.987.47

11.8311.04

7.42

$11.08

14.7314.6712.0311.4013.7811.997.47

11.7411.03

7.39

$11.11

14.8014.7512.0511.4213.8412.027.48

11.8011.06

7.38

$11.13

14.8214.7212.0811.4313.8712.017.50

11.8011.08

7.36

$11.16

14.9214.8212.1211.4613.8912.047.51

11.9011.11

7.37

15.0414.8812.1511.5114.0012.207.56

12.0811.21

Average weekly earnings

376.74255.07

378.52255.76

378.12255.14

383.50258.60

378.33254.60

381.29255.73

383.44256.83

385.93258.15

383.37255.58

384.41255.25

382.87253.22

386.14255.05

392.28


2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of timeand one-half.

3 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.4 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are subject torevision.

63


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Total ..

Total private

Mining

Metal mining :Iron oresCopper ores

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum and natural gasOil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuelsCrushed and broken stoneSand and gravelChemical and fertilizer minerals

Construction

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction, except buildingHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting and paper hangingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentry and floor workRoofing, siding, and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods

Lumber and wood productsLoggingSawmills and planing mills

Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ...

Millwork, plywood, and structural membersMillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood

Wood containersWood buildings and mobile homes

Mobile homesMiscellaneous wood products

Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings


10101102

12122

13131138

14142144147

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515

111,398

92,778

613

50.610.315.0

98.791.0

359.5169.3185.0

104.239.434.312.6

4,941

1,155.0573.928.3

552.8

784.2270.1514.1

3,001.8651.1178.5537.4435.5201.5222.2

18,088

10,174

717.484.1

182.2145.534.6

255.6104.869.123.828.545.666.950.783.0

487.8275.6121.490.920.329.4

111,977

92,844

612

50.610.215.1

97.889.9

359.6169.1185.6

104.139.534.212.7

4,947

1,159.8572.228.5

559.1

785.8264.3521.5

3,001.0653.2181.3539.9429.5203.7223.2

18,041

10,171

717.183.4

181.8145.034.7

254.9104.369.423.828.245.667.951.583.5

490.3279.1122.791.621.929.5

113,696

95,814

613

52.011.615.4

114.6107.2

341.0164.2171.8

105.340.434.213.0

5,291

1,235.9621.630.9

583.4

794.1278.6515.5

3,261.2697.5203.5588.7490.7239.8237.8

18,218

10,305

749.979.9

186.3148.335.9

273.4111.476.024.529.147.575.457.687.4

497.9278.3122.891.820.230.5

114,668

95,793

610

51.511.315.4

112.8105.3

340.7161.8173.9

104.640.233.912.8

5,262

1,223.7609.130.6

584.0

802.8275.5527.3

3,235.4691.9196.5584.2487.6240.9234.9

18,246

10,356

747.179.3

185.6147.535.9

270.8109.675.824.529.047.775.858.387.9

500.0280.2122.592.321.730.8

115,272

95,865

606

51.5

112.6

337.4

104.0

5,238

1,226.1

794.1

3,217.8

18,235

10,373

745.6

502.2

75,622

435

40.98.5

12.4

77.871.4

236.782.9

149.9

79.531.1

3,858

826.4394.1

12.3420.0

664.6230.1434.5

2,367.0479.4150.5418.5375.6152.6180.7

12,397

6,837

592.469.4

157.8126.030.1

205.881.855.120.425.838.652.942.367.9

385.9229.8104.175.816.422.4

75,698

433

40.78.4

12.5

76.269.7

236.982.8

150.4

79.131.1

3,865

830.0391.7

12.1426.2

666.3224.0442.3

2,368.7482.0153.2420.5369.7154.0181.5

12,358

6,839

592.368.7

157.6125.630.3

205.281.555.520.325.538.753.743.068.4

388.3233.4105.376.617.922.5

78,356

439

42.29.6

12.7

92.686.5

223.782.3

138.5

80.331.7

4,154

890.3431.1

13.1446.1

674.4236.3438.1

2,589.3516.2171.4463.5424.4185.3193.2

12,585

7,013

621.165.9

161.6128.531.4

220.587.561.021.226.040.660.848.671.7

394.4232.3104.977.316.123.4

78,317

438

41.9

9.412.8

91.485.2

225.081.3

140.7

79.831.5

4,128

878.4419.2

13.0446.2

683.2233.0450.2

2,566.6511.1165.0460.0421.5185.0190.1

12,626

7,068

618.565.6

160.8127.731.3

218.586.161.021.125.840.661.249.071.8

396.1233.9104.677.617.623.7

78,355

435

4,103

12,617

7,087

616.4

397.4

64



NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedFurniture and fixtures—Continued

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown

Glass containersPressed and blown glass, nee

Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products

Concrete block and brickConcrete products, neeReady-mixed concrete

Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos productsMineral wool

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products

Blast furnaces and steel millsSteel pipe and tubes

Iron and steel foundriesGray and ductile iron foundriesMalleable iron foundriesSteel foundries, nee

Primary nonferrous metalsPrimary aluminum

Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating

Nonferrous foundries (castings)Aluminum foundries

Fabricated metal productsMetal cans and shipping containers

Metal cansCutlery, handtools, and hardware

Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsawsHardware, nee

Plumbing and heating, except electricPlumbing fixture fittings and trimHeating equipment, except electric

Fabricated structural metal productsFabricated structural metalMetal doors, sash, and trimFabricated plate work (boiler shops)Sheet metal workArchitectural metal work

Screw machine products, bolts, etcScrew machine productsBolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

Metal forgings and stampingsIron and steel forgingsAutomotive stampingsMetal stampings, nee


252253254259

3232132232213229323324325326327327132723273329329132923296

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363365

3434134113423423,53429343343234333443441344234433444344634534513452346346234653469

61.437.877.435.6

527.714.677.935.342.660.517.832.539.6

196.916.964.398.874.219.42.9

22.3

678.7237.8173.425.6

119.376.25.2

24.541.223.4

161.221.824.168.577.822.2

1,337.141.533.6

123.642.269.756.723.819.7

398.467.972.697.398.625.691.446.145.3

220.528.7

100.880.0

61.637.376.735.6

526.114.677.635.042.660.117.832.439.4

196.416.864.098.874.219.42.9

22.3

676.5236.5172.625.3

118.775.8

5.224.440.723.3

160.321.623.968.678.522.4

1,340.240.432.5

124.042.569.757.324.020.1

398.667.372.897.098.925.991.846.445.4

222.628.9

101.980.8

63.538.881.136.2

543.414.874.531.842.761.718.233.141.0

210.018.268.2

106.276.620.12.8

23.2

687.6233.6169.225.6

124.677.95.8

26.140.022.4

163.622.222.771.983.624.3

1,374.341.233.4

127.843.572.159.624.721.3

408.668.876.894.8

102.926.695.548.746.8

227.829.4

103.184.3

63.638.981.236.1

542.615.075.031.543.561.617.633.041.2

209.317.968.3

105.976.419.72.8

23.4

693.6234.1170.125.2

127.279.85.9

26.639.822.3

164.722.322.872.985.224.8

1,384.340.833.0

128.343.572.760.224.422.1

410.368.776.596.8

102.726.696.349.347.0

232.229.8

106.684.7

542.2

695.8234.0

1,392.1

45.230.057.023.9

408.711.265.531.633.945.913.725.231.1

150.610.848.278.255.514.42.3

517.7181.4133.518.695.461.44.2

19.431.218.3

117.316.516.050.162.517.9

991.535.929.492.332.052.441.017.813.1

285.348.453.466.574.518.270.137.432.7

176.221.985.361.1

45.229.756.423.6

407.211.265.331.334.045.613.625.030.9

150.210.748.078.255.414.52.3

516.8180.6133.018.595.061.1

4.219.430.818.2

117.016.416.050.263.218.2

992.834.728.392.232.152.041.317.713.5

285.247.653.466.674.918.370.337.632.7

178.422.186.461.9

46.431.160.124.5

421.411.561.728.533.246.514.025.832.6

161.311.851.284.658.215.82.3

529.1177.9129.818.9

100.563.44.4

20.930.217.5

122.017.116.053.367.819.8

1,027.335.128.996.433.654.543.218.514.3

296.249.957.266.478.318.874.039.334.7

181.922.686.564.8

46.331.160.224.6

420.411.662.128.233.946.513.525.733.0

160.811.651.484.357.515.12.3

535.4178.5130.718.6

103.465.54.5

21.630.117.5

122.917.316.153.969.320.4

1,037.334.828.697.233.655.343.818.215.2

297.949.857.168.078.219.075.140.234.9

186.423.289.965.2

419.5

537.5178.2

1,044.4

65




(In thousands)

Industry1987SICCode

34734713479348348334934943496

3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

363613612361336236213625363363236333634

All employees

Sept.1993

116.672.943.757.534.0

230.924.554.1

1,910.187.428.259.296.972.9

210.078.114.738.735.726.4

307.036.415.3

143.848.423.8148.515.520.722.7

235.330.336.824.832.715.618.9

350.1205.3

52.9178.0120.7296.920.5

233.9

1,518.380.040.439.6154.476.459.3119.929.116.029.7

Oct.1993

116.472.843.656.933.6

232.224.754.0

1,907.687.528.259.398.273.1

209.377.514.738.435.826.5

306.936.315.2

144.148.223.8148.515.720.622.5

234.330.236.624.832.615.418.9

348.1203.4

52.9177.8120.2297.020.5

234.4

1,521.279.840.439.4154.676.659.2121.029.116.029.7

Aug.1994

120.474.645.853.430.6

240.024.855.5

1,942.186.628.458.2100.674.6

205.772.314.936.837.628.3

317.637.715.9

148.950.223.9152.815.020.523.5

240.030.236.526.233.515.320.0

337.3193.8

52.2195.1134.5306.421.3

241.3

1,560.881.340.740.6159.879.560.6123.230.417.928.9

Sept.1994P

121.275.246.053.330.4

241.724.855.7

1,951.387.428.259.2102.776.1

206.072.415.036.937.528.5

319.938.016.0

150.250.623.9153.715.220.623.4

241.930.236.826.333.715.420.1

335.3191.9

53.2196.0135.1308.422.1

242.4

1,568.580.840.540.3160.079.960.5125.931.517.330.1

Oct.1994P

______-

1,950.9_________--__________________-

_

_-__-

1,570.1_________-

Production workers

Sept.1993

90.956.834.132.316.6

167.518.241.2

1,159.654.616.338.370.151.5128.748.08.6

25.320.117.3

215.222.19.5

109.533.416.084.410.410.613.4

148.516.729.012.822.110.912.6

115.353.2

22.0125.589.1

217.316.6

176.2

969.955.028.526.5107.658.735.496.425.312.523.6

Oct.1993

90.856.734.131.716.2

168.218.241.2

1,159.554.616.438.271.351.8129.048.28.6

25.220.217.5

215.222.19.4

109.933.316.084.210.410.413.4

147.816.728.812.922.110.812.5

115.252.7

22.0124.788.3

217.516.5

176.5

975.355.328.826.5108.359.335.497.425.312.523.7

Aug.1994

94.358.136.229.614.1

176.618.342.7

1,205.354.816.538.373.152.9130.047.68.8

24.421.118.8

223.523.210.0

113.135.115.988.19.810.714.4

152.816.828.914.522.610.513.4

117.055.3

19.9139.8101.1226.217.7

182.5

1,005.457.930.627.3112.662.335.9100.826.915.222.9

Sept.1994P

95.058.736.329.413.8

177.718.442.7

1,218.555.816.539.375.654.6131.147.98.9

24.721.219.1

226.223.310.1

114.935.415.989.510.011.014.4

154.316.929.114.622.810.713.5

116.955.0

20.0140.7101.7228.418.5

183.7

1,013.057.230.326.9112.962.536.1103.628.014.624.0

Oct.1994P

______-

1,219.9_________--__

___

____-____

_-

_

_-_--

1,015.5__-_._____-

Durable goods—ContinuedFabricated metal products—Continued

Metal services, neePlating and polishingMetal coating and allied services

Ordnance and accessories, neeAmmunition, except for small arms, nee

Miscellaneous fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products

Industrial machinery and equipmentEngines and turbines

Turbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee

Farm and garden machineryFarm machinery and equipment

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil and gas field machineryConveyors and conveying equipmentIndustrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machineryMachine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven handtools

Special industry machineryTextile machinery ,Printing trades machineryFood products machinery

General industrial machineryPumps and pumping equipmentBall and roller bearingsAir and gas compressorsBlowers and fansSpeed changers, drives, and gearsPower transmission equipment, nee

Computer and office equipmentElectronic computersComputer terminals, calculators, and

office machines, neeRefrigeration and service machinery

Refrigeration and heating equipmentMisc. industrial and commercial machinery

Carburetors, pistons, rings, valvesScales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

Electronic and other electrical equipmentElectric distribution equipment ,

Transformers, except electronicSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus

Electrical industrial apparatusMotors and generatorsRelays and industrial controls

Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersHousehold laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans


66





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

PnrloUOOc

36436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

All employees

Sept.1993

171.821.761.319.118.883.860.3

235.0108.0521.8

24.2214.3125.4151.626.165.9

1,734.8837.8321.9

35.5431.8

30.5528.5295.0107.8125.7155.2109.146.129.9

119.886.046.119.0

882.8200.1277.6

41.659.270.9

268.4111.395.238.889.4

8.5

379.751.238.013.0

110.044.465.633.130.218.9

142.258.0

Oct.1993

172.121.761.319.419.284.360.1

234.8108.0522.524.2

214.3125.9152.126.266.1

1,729.7839.6322.4

35.1433.6

30.8522.7292.5105.7124.5155.2109.645.630.1

118.785.245.919.1

880.9199.0276.8

41.959.170.5

268.8111.595.239.088.7

8.6

381.752.839.513.3

110.445.065.433.030.218.9

142.058.2

Aug.1994

178.922.463.719.719.987.661.9

235.4107.3540.024.8

226.0127.2154.626.068.9

1,716.7885.6335.1

37.3463.0

31.3469.8265.7

92.9111.2156.6104.452.232.1

105.975.148.621.5

850.6177.9275.7

43.558.069.4

264.6108.994.737.286.6

8.6

381.751.138.513.5

110.542.967.631.630.118.9

144.959.4

Sept.1994P

180.422.764.219.819.988.161.5

235.9107.1542.5

25.0226.4127.9154.926.168.9

1,735.3903.5346.6

37.4468.8

31.9468.4264.6

92.8111.0158.1105.352.832.8

105.775.049.021.8

848.8176.5276.1

43.758.468.7

264.1108.494.537.186.3

8.7

384.451.939.113.7

111.343.967.431.330.118.9

146.159.5

Oct.1994P

_____

________

-

1,739.6906.7

____

467.9_____-___

-

846.6_______--_

-

387.7__________

-

Production workers'

Sept.1993

124.917.240.914.014.355.538.4

119.459.1

304.716.290.481.9

106.420.251.0

1,107.3641.5229.7

28.3344.6

24.7244.9119.252.972.8

121.083.337.722.233.722.431.015.4

430.963.2

141.827.228.033.6

154.666.460.426.438.3

6.6

272.736.627.110.578.930.948.022.322.613.8

101.839.7

Oct.1993

125.017.141.014.214.656.438.4

119.659.1

306.316.290.982.4

107.020.351.2

1,102.0641.0228.9

27.9345.7

24.7240.8117.850.872.2

120.382.837.522.433.822.430.815.5

430.062.7

141.327.527.933.4

154.366.160.426.538.3

6.9

274.638.028.410.879.331.747.622.123.114.3

101.339.6

Aug.1994

128.616.842.814.814.759.139.7

119.858.7

317.616.498.483.4

109.020.253.5

1,120.6685.0241.1

30.1373.0

25.6214.8105.045.464.4

119.775.943.823.929.818.934.017.8

415.253.7

140.528.627.132.3

152,065.559.624.038.0

7.0

273.035.526.511.278.828.750.121.321.913.5

104.340.4

Sept.1994P

130.217.243.214.914.859.239.2

119.958.5

320.716.598.984.9

109.320.553.5

1,139.7700.6250.8

30.0378.8

26.0215.7105.146.064.6

121.477.244.224.529.819.034.518.1

415.053.5

141.128.727.731.9

151.464.759.924.037.9

7.1

274.436.127.111.079.429.749.721.121.913.5

104.940.4

Oct.1994P

-____---___-__

-

1,144.8702.7

________

-____-

414.3__________

-

277.4__________

-

Durable goods—ContinuedElectronic and other electrical equipment—Continued

Electric lighting and wiring equipmentElectric lampsCurrent-carrying wiring devicesNoncurrent-carrying wiring devicesResidential lighting fixtures

Household audio and video equipmentHousehold audio and video equipment

Communications equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatus

Electronic components and accessoriesElectron tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and suppliesStorage batteriesEngine electrical equipment

Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles and equipment

Motor vehicles and car bodies ,Truck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers

Aircraft and partsAircraftAircraft engines and engine partsAircraft parts and equipment, nee

Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMiscellaneous transportation equipment

Travel trailers and campers

Instruments and related productsSearch and navigation equipmentMeasuring and controlling devices

Environmental controlsProcess control instrumentsInstruments to measure electricity

Medical instruments and suppliesSurgical and medical instrumentsSurgical appliances and supplies

Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

Miscellaneous manufacturing industriesJewelry, silverware, and plated ware

Jewelry, precious metalMusical instrumentsToys and sporting goods

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee

Pens, pencils, office, and art suppliesCostume jewelry and notions

Costume jewelryMiscellaneous manufactures

Signs and advertising specialties


67




(In thousands)

Industry1987SICCode

2020120112013201520220222026203203220332037204204120482052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339

All employees

Sept.1993

7,9141,750.2445.8137.989.8

218.1154.140.970.2

302.626.0124.757.0129.820.941.8

212.3150.8

61.5107.86.14.911.655.231.7181.439.395.8184.7

43.928.7

677.784.970.017.222.0

203.127.439.360.426.327.771.732.624.560.396.775.814.051.8

983.542.4273.264.381.742.3

298.731.250.937.4179.2

Oct.1993

7,8701,723.5447.0137.990.0

219.1152.840.969.9

268.524.491.457.7130.321.142.1

213.2151.0

62.2118.27.64.917.158.432.2179.539.494.8181.8

44.028.5

674.784.470.017.222.0

200.627.239.359.625.926.971.732.924.560.596.475.314.251.9

978.642.1

271.663.581.142.3

295.230.350.736.2178.0

Aug.1994

7,9131,751.0447.2133.791.1

222.4154.341.268.4

316.924.0137.559.5124.919.641.2

211.0149.8

61.2100.16.54.68.5

53.631.3180.238.198.6185.1

40.026.4

675.683.969.917.522.7196.824.839.957.124.627.872.733.424.464.395.173.414.552.7

960.539.4

263.460.478.741.3

286.629.846.532.6177.7

Sept.1994P

7,8901,738.4449.3134.691.7

223.0152.040.568.3

301.024.2125.354.8125.819.541.6

213.2150.7

62.5106.07.04.611.554.631.6178.937.596.7180.6

40.626.1

673.983.969.917.422.9195.824.440.256.824.327.572.633.324.564.694.573.014.252.3

962.940.1

263.760.179.341.3

286.428.846.432.8178.4

Oct.1994P

7,8621,701.9

____________--_-

_

_________-

41.0-

673.9_________________-

960.8_________

-

Sept.1993

5,5601,297.5379.8116.269.1194.597.433.036.8

262.422.1111.250.993.114.426.8137.690.2

47.485.24.93.610.444.321.183.324.136.3137.6

33.421.6

576.975.359.214.618.5

175.624.135.352.322.823.358.827.219.548.486.468.312.140.1

824.735.4

236.455.671.737.0

248.825.240.531.2151.9

Production workers

Oct.1993

5,5191,271.1381.1116.669.4195.196.033.136.4

227.720.677.351.793.914.627.0139.090.3

48.794.56.03.515.347.521.582.324.335.9135.1

33.621.5

573.974.959.214.518.5

173.423.935.351.722.322.658.827.419.548.586.167.812.340.0

820.535.1

234.654.671.037.0

246.524.440.730.2151.2

Aug.1994

5,5721,302.5380.3113.170.1197.199.233.936.6

274.720.2122.753.389.013.325.8138.690.9

47.777.75.03.37.2

42.820.785.925.339.2136.4

31.420.8

572.974.159.014.819.1

169.721.535.449.221.723.559.527.619.551.084.766.212.441.0

802.532.5

226.951.568.336.2

237.823.936.926.6150.4

Sept.1994P

5,5581,290.6382.2113.970.8197.596.532.936.4

258.620.5110.248.790.113.526.1140.591.5

49.083.75.13.310.144.221.284.824.737.8133.0

32.120.5

572.274.259.314.719.3

168.821.235.648.921.423.359.627.519.751.584.065.712.240.8

806.833.5

227.351.468.836.1

239.023.136.826.9152.2

Oct.1994P

5,5301,255.0

_____________

_-

_

_________-

32.7-

571.8_________________-

805.9_________

-

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products

Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry slaughtering and processing

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables

Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee

Bakery productsBread, cake, and related productsCookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,

except breadSugar and confectionery products

Raw cane sugarCane sugar refiningBeet sugarCandy and other confectionery products

Fats and oilsBeverages

Malt beveragesBottled and canned soft drinks

Misc. food and kindred products

Tobacco productsCigarettes

Textile mill productsBroadwoven fabric mills, cottonBroadwoven fabric mills, syntheticsBroadwoven fabric mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socksHosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsWeft knit fabric mills

Textile finishing, except woolFinishing plants, cottonFinishing plants, synthetics

Carpets and rugs ,Yarn and thread mills

Yarn spinning millsThrowing and winding mills

Miscellaneous textile goods

Apparel and other textile productsMen's and boys' suits and coatsMen's and boys' furnishings

Men's and boys' shirtsMen's and boys' trousers and slacksMen's and boys' work clothing

Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and shirtsWomen's, juniors', and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee


68





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedApparel and other textile products—Continued

Women's and children's undergarmentsWomen's and children's underwearBrassieres, girdles, and allied garments

Girls' and children's outerwearGirls' and children's dresses and blouses

Misc. apparel and accessoriesMisc. fabricated textile products

Curtains and draperiesHouse furnishings, neeAutomotive and apparel trimmings

Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard millsPaperboard containers and boxes

Corrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes

Misc. converted paper productsPaper, coated and laminated, neeBags: plastics, laminated, and coatedEnvelopes

Printing and publishingNewspapersPeriodicalsBooks

Book publishingBook printing

Miscellaneous publishingCommercial printing

Commercial printing, lithographicCommercial printing, nee

Manifold business formsBlankbooks and bookbindingPrinting trade services

Chemicals and allied productsIndustrial inorganic chemicals

Industrial inorganic chemicals, neePlastics materials and synthetics

Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, noncellulosic

DrugsPharmaceutical preparations

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsPolishing, sanitation, and finishing preparationsToilet preparations

Paints and allied productsIndustrial organic chemicals

Cyclic crudes and intermediatesIndustrial organic chemicals, nee

Agricultural chemicalsMiscellaneous chemical products

Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningAsphalt paving and roofing materials

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearHose, belting, gaskets, and packing

Rubber and plastics hose and beltingFabricated rubber products, neeMiscellaneous plastics products, nee


234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

53.842.011.848.520.241.9

204.021.451.051.7

690.5170.351.2

213.1123.616.748.7

242.546.137.523.7

1,510.9451.9127.8117.781.136.678.7

536.1349.4166.646.368.656.2

1,078.4134.286.5

165.980.557.1

266.0217.9158.244.643.470.258.0

149.226.0

120.455.691.3

152.6111.428.7

908.280.910.160.523.8

103.1653.6

53.942.011.947.420.041.9

205.321.551.851.7

686.4168.950.4

212.1123.116.548.6

241.945.937.823.8

1,512.3451.7128.1116.580.436.178.1

538.2350.0167.946.769.256.0

1,072.0133.085.6

163.679.456.0

265.0216.9157.544.643.269.757.6

149.025.9

120.455.191.2

151.7111.128.2

908.180.910.260.323.7

102.5654.2

53.441.212.245.318.840.4

210.622.051.554.9

687.3167.649.9

213.5126.316.248.2

243.446.638.423.2

1,532.0454.4130.7123.184.838.379.0

548.2356.3171.544.570.154.9

1,056.9130.483.9

159.179.951.8

265.7216.8154.442.344.967.258.8

143.625.9

115.155.489.5

152.9111.728.8

940.577.211.663.925.3

105.6682.2

53.941.512.445.319.040.2

212.322.351.955.7

683.4165.349.2

214.4127.216.148.3

241.645.838.523.4

1,529.5453.3130.0121.383.437.978.2

551.1358.0172.644.768.954.7

1,050.3130.283.8

158.078.952.0

263.8215.0153.141.844.766.657.8

142.426.4

113.455.489.6

151.2110.328.5

944.275.610.864.125.3

106.0687.7

684.1

1,534.9

1,048.7

150.8

951.9

44.536.18.4

41.017.234.2

167.017.143.541.9

521.1129.739.3

166.993.614.639.4

174.922.228.118.4

833.4157.743.861.832.329.537.7

388.3251.8120.132.952.241.1

574.558.038.9

106.550.536.7

117.397.798.526.925.346.330.779.214.962.331.652.7

100.171.522.2

703.459.38.4

45.518.578.1

512.1

44.736.2

8.540.016.834.2

167.817.044.341.7

517.7128.838.8

165.793.114.439.1

174.422.028.418.5

832.7157.643.960.331.329.036.8

389.4251.7121.233.352.640.7

573.157.638.5

105.849.836.7

117.898.398.027.025.245.830.279.414.762.731.652.7

99.171.021.7

702.359.08.3

45.418.577.4

512.2

44.535.88.7

38.315.932.9

171.817.343.844.6

522.4129.038.4

167.395.514.339.4

177.822.629.118.0

840.9156.943.165.434.231.237.4

396.3255.9123.831.654.239.7

575.255.936.5

106.251.136.9

122.0102.296.224.526.745.031.079.214.962.331.653.1

99.971.322.1

731.955.69.7

48.919.881.1

536.6

44.835.9

8.938.416.132.8

173.517.644.245.3

518.4127.638.0

167.495.714.239.4

175.521.929.018.3

838.7156.443.163.232.231.036.9

398.4257.1124.731.753.239.4

573.256.236.7

106.050.237.6

121.1101.595.024.226.244.630.379.415.362.231.753.5

98.570.321.7

736.254.29.1

49.320.081.9

541.7

518.6

839.7

574.4

97.8

742.8

69




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedLeather and leather products

Leather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber

Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods


Transportation

Railroad transportationClass I railroads2

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationTaxicabsIntercity and rural bus transportationSchool buses

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except air...Public warehousing and storage

Water transportationWater transportation of freight, neeWater transportation services

Transportation by airAir transportation, scheduled

Air transportation, scheduledAirports, flying fields, and services

Pipelines, except natural gas

Transportation servicesPassenger transportation arrangement

Travel agenciesFreight transportation arrangement

Communications and public utilities

CommunicationsTelephone communications

Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcasting

Radio broadcasting stationsTelevision broadcasting stations

Cable and other pay television services

Electric, gas, and sanitary servicesElectric servicesGas production and distributionCombination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and supplies

Automobiles and other motor vehiclesMotor vehicle supplies and new parts

Furniture and home furnishingsFurnitureHome furnishings


3131131431433144316317

404011

41411412413415

42421422

44444449

454514512458

46

474724724473

48481481348348324833484

49491492493495

505015012501350250215023

118.415.663.731.521.610.612.4

5,833

3,636

251.7219.2

383.2172.129.422.9

129.5

1,718.41,586.2

128.0

168.912.8

108.1

739.3608.5499.6

99.3

18.2

356.2185.8150.9136.2

2,197

1,254.6865.8802.9229.1112.8116.3135.5

942.0426.0160.7189.2135.5

5,976

3,410455.4112.7272.1139.664.075.6

118.415.463.931.421.810.412.5

5,855

3,662

248.5216.4

392.2172.329.922.5

137.8

1,742.11,604.5

133.3

166.712.7

107.1

735.7605.4494.5

99.6

18.1

358.4187.5151.9136.6

2,193

1,254.6864.4800.8229.7113.2116.5136.3

938.5424.9159.5188.2135.4

5,985

3,411455.2112.9271.7140.364.675.7

115.914.861.129.020.210.712.6

5,855

3,664

243.5211.5

332.0178.530.022.673.7

1,793.41,657.9

130.9

171.011.8

111.1

736.4605.5486.5

98.8

18.0

369.8194.8158.3141.2

2,191

1,266.2867.7793.3233.8113.0120.8140.6

924.6417.3161.0181.6133.7

6,111

3,485473.7118.4282.2149.268.281.0

115.314.860.328.619.910.912.5

5,918

3,742

248.0216.2

403.2179.130.123.1

141.8

1,799.71,658.1

136.9

171.211.7

113.0

732.6602.1481.3

98.5

17.5

369.4192.9157.0142.3

2,176

1,261.3861.4786.2235.6114.0121.6140.7

914.8411.9158.3180.3133.8

6,110

3,473472.7118.1281.9149.768.581.2

114.3

5,928

3,755

248.0

411.3

1,805.4

168.9

730.1

17.9

373.6

2,173

1,261.2

94.712.952.524.418.77.78.9

4,885

351.1156.6

20.4

1,490.41,380.0

106.7

95.7

911.9

6,126

3,482

14.1

279.6146.1117.6105.1

973.2653.2606.7191.5

114.4

742.5333.5125.1143.3116.6

4,824

2,725367.9

111.4

94.812.852.724.318.97.68.9

4,911

360.7156.9

20.0

1,511.31,395.3

112.2

94.7

14.0

282.0148.2119.2105.4

971.2650.6603.7191.8

114.9

740.1332.3124.2143.0116.7

4,834

2,726367.4

111.9

92.412.250.222.617.18.28.7

4,897

299.7161.3

20.2

1,558.41,444.2

110.1

98.8

14.0

292.9155.7125.6109.5

974.1647.5592.2195.8

118.4

730.4326.0124.9139.9115.2

4,940

2,792385.6

118.5

91.412.249.422.216.78.38.6

4,958

370.7162.3

20.9

1,564.81,445.2

115.4

100.8

90.9

4,961

13.5

292.3154.0124.5110.3

970.9642.9587.1197.2

118.5

720.6320.8122.5138.5115.0

4,935

2,780384.0

118.4

4,947

70





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Wholesale trade—ContinuedDurable goods—Continued

Lumber and other construction materialsLumber, plywood, and millworkConstruction materials, nee

Professional and commercial equipmentOffice equipmentComputers, peripherals and softwareMedical and hospital equipment

Metals and minerals, except petroieumElectrical goods

Electrical apparatus and equipmentElectrical appliances, television and radio setsElectronic parts and equipment

Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipmentHardwarePlumbing and hydronic heating supplies

Machinery, equipment, and suppliesConstruction and mining machineryFarm and garden machineryIndustrial machinery and equipmentIndustrial supplies

Misc. wholesale trade durable goodsScrap and waste materials

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper products

Stationery and office suppliesDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related products

Groceries, general lineMeats and meat productsFresh fruits and vegetables

Farm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products

Petroleum bulk stations and terminalsPetroleum products, nee

Beer, wine, and distilled beveragesBeer and aleWine and distilled beverages

Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goodsFarm supplies

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsPaint, glass, and wallpaper storesHardware storesRetail nurseries and garden stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMiscellaneous general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesMeat and fish marketsDairy products storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealers


503503150395045044504550475055065063506450655075072507450850825083508450855095093

51511511251251351451415147514851551651751715172518518151825195191

52521523525526

53531533539

54541542545546

55551

221.4115.535.3

742.8183.6265.7159.6132.9443.0193.948.3

200.8268.1

93.1107.6715.672.6

110.9288.9135.9291.5107.2

2,566246.4135.0198.4206.4860.5276.2

59.8103.8114.7139.9165.867.997.9

150.198.152.0

484.1155.9

19,899

795.8467.765.9

154.180.1

2,437.12,101.3

151.2184.6

3,214.72,867.2

47.816.8

166.7

2,055.9927.5

223.1116.335.9

738.2184.2259.6160.0132.7443.3193.848.3

201.2268.8

94.0107.4714.672.7

110.1289.3134.9295.0108.1

2,574248.1136.9198.5206.6861.8274.9

60.399.5

120.3138.9166.668.098.6

148.497.550.9

485.1156.4

19,849

797.1465.967.2

155.080.4

2,479.72,141.0

153.0185.7

3,229.22,875.8

47.816.7

170.1

2,057.6932.9

237.1124.038.4

734.5184.7246.3168.6137.7448.7198.347.4

203.0278.7

96.5111.6720.374.3

113.7289.0136.5305.3114.1

2,626263.0146.0199.4206.5882.9283.261.799.0

114.4135.9173.271.0

102.2154.6102.452.2

495.7160.8

20,598

866.4516.169.9

160.586.4

2,438.52,116.2

134.5187.8

3,264.02,887.0

52.919.5

177.2

2,191.0987.9

236.8124.038.3

730.4184.9244.6168.3137.8448.4197.647.3

203.5277.6

96.5111.2713.773.8

111.3287.7134.6306.3114.6

2,637262.6145.9199.2208.1887.4284.1

62.2104.0117.1135.6175.072.1

102.9153.2100.752.5

498.3163.5

20,570

853.9508.769.0

158.584.3

2,463.92,142.6

133.4187.9

3,248.62,871.8

52.819.5

178.1

2,188.1991.5

2,644

20,551

854.1

2,518.3

3,262.3

2,192.3

180.7

600.7

131.0106.2345.0

214.9

563.6

234.6

2,099199.6

165.1162.9726.0

93.9105.3132.9

122.6

390.6

17,526

658.5394.2

51.5126.664.3

2,276.51,977.9

136.2162.4

2,929.52,628.4

148.9

1,711.7773.6

182.1

596.0

130.9105.8345.8

215.7

563.0

238.2

2,108201.3

165.3163.6727.1

98.8104.1134.0

121.1

392.5

17,472

659.8392.5

52.6127.464.8

2,318.52,016.7

138.0163.8

2,943.32,636.5

152.1

1,711.7777.9

195.1

587.6

137.9110.8351.4

225.4

571.1

246.7

2,148215.9

163.1162.6740.6

93.0102.9140.5

126.2

402.8

18,126

723.1439.3

54.8132.470.0

2,276.21,991.5

119.2165.5

2,969.92,645.1

156.8

1,827.4824.8

194.9

583.3

137.4110.7351.3

224.6

565.7

247.5

2,155215.1

163.1163.7744.2

95.8102.6141.7

124.3

404.8

18,084

711.6432.8

53.6130.568.3

2,299.52,015.7

118.0165.8

2,950.92,626.3

157.7

1,822.9828.0

18,050

71




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Retail trade—ContinuedAutomotive dealers and service stations—Continued

Auto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee

Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing storesWomen's clothing storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores

Furniture storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores

Eating and drinking places

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesLiquor storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores

Sporting goods and bicycle shopsBook storesStationery storesJewelry storesGift, novelty, and souvenir shopsSewing, needlework, and piece goods

Nonstore retailersCatalog and mail-order housesMerchandising machine operators

Fuel dealersRetail stores, nee

Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstandsOptical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

Finance

Depository institutionsCommercial banks

State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee

Savings institutionsFederal savings institutionsSavings institutions, except federal

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutionsBusiness credit institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security and commodity brokersSecurity brokers and dealersCommodity contracts brokers, dealers, and

exchanges ....Security and commodity services

Holding and other investment officesHolding offices


553554559

56561562565566

57571571257257357315735

58

59591592593594594159425943594459475949596596159625985995992,3,459955999

6060260226021,960360356036606

61614615616

62621

622,3628

67671

350.2620.9

6.4

1,136.285.1

356.3309.5214.7

830.2453.6272.573.3

303.3129.166.4

6,999.6

2,429.9586.5113.187.3

857.9164.1107.770.5

129.7194.462.9

276.9157.271.195.9

412.3133.261.6

217.5

6,747

3,227

2,070.41,497.3

615.8881.5305.3162.7142.6144.0

455.8126.981.2

229.3

475.0363.1

23.288.7

225.3103.8

350.7618.6

6.2

1,140.185.8

361.0311.7210.3

842.5460.5276.473.7

308.3130.968.1

6,827.0

2,475.6587.7113.487.9

877.5169.3103.571.3

136.3196.662.8

292.4171.571.499.8

416.9136.861.8

218.3

6,730

3,228

2,063.41,493.0

615.6877.4301.6160.3141.3144.6

460.9127.581.1

233.8

478.3366.2

23.388.8

225.7103.5

376.0640.6

5.3

1,148.783.8

347.3330.7212.4

896.0495.3298.272.2

328.5142.569.0

7,311.5

2,481.5588.8115.191.8

890.7182.1102.173.3

134.7202.0

57.8267.1145.372.596.4

431.6136.562.0

233.1

6,875

3,277

2,054.41,504.1

630.4873.7272.8145.8127.0148.3

475.2134.879.4

240.9

511.8392.0

27.192.7

235.3104.5

375.6635.0

5.1

1,138.183.4

347.0327.2209.4

903.8500.5302.071.4

331.9143.568.8

7,264.6

2,509.3586.3115.792.8

907.5183.6112.172.8

137.3199.758.4

275.6154.673.097.0

434.4139.762.3

232.4

6,801

3,245

2,034.11,489.7

623.7866.0267.3142.7124.6147.9

470.0135.779.3

234.8

507.8388.4

27.392.1

233.5104.0

1,148.8

923.0

7,105.5

2,546.7

277.7535.1

5.4

929.568.7

287.7265.2167.3

673.2367.5

59.5246.2105.753.6

6,335.5

2,011.6489.0

72.4710.5

6,770

3,235

2,031.9

461.7

507.6

233.5

232.9

79.5335.7

48.3174.9

4,906

1,495.31,065.8

440.4625.4

114.6

343.793.4

57.7

277.8532.1

5.3

935.069.0

292.0268.1164.3

683.1373.4

59.8249.9107.154.7

6,164.2

2,056.0490.5

72.8730.6

248.4

82.3339.4

48.8175.0

4,893

1,488.31,060.9

439.9621.0

115.1

349.393.9

57.9

300.4552.9

4.5

939.567.7

280.1282.0167.3

724.4401.8

58.7263.9117.352.4

6,608.3

2,057.0490.6

76.2739.9

225.4

79.1352.3

49.6187.4

5,022

1,483.51,071.9

454.1617.8

117.8

350.898.4

61.0

299.7547.0

4.3

926.867.3

278.9277.3164.2

731.0406.0

58.0267.0118.152.3

6,559.6

2,081.3488.7

76.6754.3

233.1

79.7355.1

50.0186.5

4,949

1,464.61,057.0

447.3609.7

117.3

344.198.6

60.5

4,913

72





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Finance, insurance, and real estate—ContinuedInsurance

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insurance

Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insuranceTitle insurance

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

Real estateReal estate operators and lessorsReal estate agents and managersSubdividers and developers

Services

Agricultural servicesVeterinary servicesLandscape and horticultural services

Hotels and other lodging placesHotels and motels

Personal servicesLaundry, cleaning, and garment servicesPhotographic studios, portraitBeauty shopsFuneral service and crematoriesMiscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertising

Advertising agenciesCredit reporting and collectionMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services

Photocopying and duplicating servicesServices to buildings

Disinfecting and pest control servicesBuilding maintenance services, nee

Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasingMedical equipment rentalHeavy construction equipment rentalEquipment rental and leasing, nee

Personnel supply servicesEmployment agenciesHelp supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesPrepackaged softwareComputer integrated systems designData processing and preparationInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems servicesPhotofinishing laboratories

Auto repair, services, and parkingAutomotive rentals, without drivers

Passenger car rentalAutomobile parkingAutomotive repair shops

Automotive and tire repair shopsGeneral automotive repair shops


63,64

636316326324633636

64

65651653655

07074078

70701

72721722723726729

73731731173273373347347342734973573527353735973673617363737737173727373737473757378738738173827384

7575175147527537532,47538

2,182

1,520.3559.0280.5219.5540.580.8

661.8

1,338573.1617.8112.7

30,681

551.5147.4360.3

1,647.71,595.6

1,105.9426.0

81.0384.387.2

108.3

5,955.6229.5155.2114.7254.4

58.1836.3

78.9757.4219.1

33.039.2

146.92,052.4

275.71,776.7

914.4191.7147.6112.2213.549.441.1

1,334.8492.441.075.6

966.9176.1109.362.7

548.8189.4231.4

2,181

1,520.3559.5278.0216.7539.583.5

660.9

1,321564.2610.7110.7

30,825

544.0147.6352.3

1,598.21,552.5

1,110.5428.6

84.9385.187.4

105.3

6,083.1230.1156.0115.4261.9

58.7838.5

77.4761.1218.8

32.939.5

146.42,149.9

285.01,864.9

920.6193.5148.7113.2214.149.540.8

1,347.9494.341.178.4

966.6175.1108.662.1

549.1188.6232.7

2,185

1,517.9545.1287.7225.8539.084.4

667.4

1,413597.7660.5120.5

32,253

610.8153.7411.0

1,738.91,647.3

1,098.2433.9

77.8381.9

89.697.2

6,616.5243.6163.6115.3283.764.3

888.282.5

805.7244.5

37.844.1

162.62,462.2

332.42,129.8

999.3209.6155.6123.2232.4

57.742.8

1,379.7507.842.570.6

1,064.7199.2124.762.1

604.2208.5254.0

2,172

1,507.3540.9287.2225.8535.781.8

664.8

1,384586.2647.6117.4

32,276

592.1150.9395.3

1,661.81,605.2

1,112.2435.1

82.0383.489.3

104.5

6,671.6244.3163.6114.4288.664.5

885.582.8

802.7244.4

38.444.3

161.72,496.2

339.42,156.81,007.5

212.2158.5123.7233.8

58.542.7

1,390.7514.243.373.5

1,070.1200.4125.162.7

606.4209.4255.5

2,170

1,504.5 1,053.2354.5228.0182.7354.6

665.8

1,365

32,411

583.9

1,591.2

1,112.6

6,769.9

2,569.6

1,078.2

26,791

462.2123.2303.2

1,408.0

377.8

343.2

90.6

5,292.9168.0

47.6750.562.5

688.0175.225.733.1

116.4

1,724.2741.2158.5

83.2

38.234.3

1,171.5460.1

35.0

795.0141.888.355.7

444.8154.9188.7

1,057.3357.6225.7180.2355.3

26,932

456.1123.4296.7

1,366.6

379.6

343.2

87.6

5,417.6168.0

48.0753.061.2

691.8175.425.633.5

116.3

1,810.9747.7162.0

84.2

38.333.9

1,183.8461.6

35.0

793.9140.987.855.0

444.7154.5189.5

1,073.0357.9233.2187.0361.0

28,193

517.9128.2352.0

1,458.3

384.4

340.8

80.3

5,902.7178.2

52.8798.365.2

733.1196.129.837.4

128.9

2,070.5808.6176.3

93.1

43.635.8

1,209.4473.8

36.4

880.0163.3103.655.3

491.7172.9206.4

1,064.6356.0232.5186.7358.2

28,199

499.6125.8336.3

1,415.0

385.3

342.8

86.7

5,947.7178.8

53.0793.465.0

728.4196.230.437.6

128.2

2,097.2814.8178.3

93.9

44.935.6

1,216.5477.636.9

884.2164.5103.856.1

492.7173.4207.3

28,329

73




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

7547542

76762

78781783784

7979379979917997

808018028048041,2805805180528059806806280638069807808

81

82821822824

83832833835836839

84

86861862863864

87871871187128713872

Sept.1993

179.3102.7

366.9111.4

413.0155.8108.3133.4

1,331.289.4

956.7128.1323.5

8,828.71,524.2

565.4363.7156.4

1,594.81,140.8

224.1229.9

3,787.33,486.7

94.9205.7193.4478.1

927.9

1,665.0488.5973.4

73.6

2,104.8560.8277.6495.9577.8192.7

78.7

2,018.8109.353.1

135.1423.2

2,543.9767.9605.3112.849.8

502.9

All

Oct.1993

180.3103.7

370.1112.3

415.4162.6104.2132.9

1,183.491.8

817.4125.8278.4

8,854.41,525.5

567.9368.6158.1

1,601.11,145.9

224.0231.2

3,788.43,487.9

95.2205.3194.0486.2

930.5

1,811.6503.1

1,102.675.0

2,127.2566.7277.0508.8581.5193.2

78.3

2,026.6109.853.4

136.1429.9

2,550.9768.1604.6112.850.7

510.4

employees

Aug.1994

199.2113.3

386.9119.0

506.0217.6125.4146.8

1,460.674.5

1,102.3129.1381.5

9,093.91,579.7

595.9393.2169.0

1,647.41,181.0

231.0235.4

3,797.83,499.8

93.5204.5205.1540.4

950.6

1,494.0459.0824.4

76.7

2,253.5593.0324.3502.5630.2203.5

85.7

2,088.5108.454.5

130.1480.4

2,628.8808.0629.7122.855.5

515.4

Sept.1994P

200.6115.2

385.1118.4

493.8223.3112.3141.8

1,330.388.5

961.3130.4331.0

9,083.11,571.5

595.4396.5169.2

1,645.31,180.4

230.1234.8

3,787.63,491.1

93.4203.1204.4547.8

938.9

1,725.1505.2

1,014.776.9

2,283.0589.1300.0558.9628.3206.7

81.8

2,047.8106.954.6

135.1439.5

2,624.7806.1630.5121.254.4

516.5

Oct.1994P

-

388.3-

505.6__-

1,195.3

__-

9,109.9-_______

3,789.3--__-

943.9

1,879.6__

-

2,306.7-___-

80.7

2,057.1___

-

2,633.2____

-

Production workers

Sept.1993

152.789.8

298.5-

341.2125.5

_108.9

1,172.079.7

850.3114.9284.2

7,825.21,243.6

494.6299.3

_1,439.0

_201.7

_3,468.3

--__

442.9

744.7

___-

1,821.7485.4231.6436.7505.1162.9

-

_

_37.4_

-

1,940.4631.0502.387.341.4

361.5

Oct.1993

153.390.5

300.7-

342.7130.8

_108.5

1,030.782.1

717.1113.0242.2

7,846.21,242.9

496.3304.1

_1,444.3

_201.4

_3,468.5

--__

450.6

746.6

___

-

1,841.6491.5231.1448.6508.1162.3

-

_

_37.5_

-

1,948.8633.1503.587.542.1

367.9

Aug.1994

169.799.4

313.5-

421.9179.8

_120.1

1,292.565.7

984.5115.8339.7

8,046.41,287.6

519.7323.5

_1,484.4

_207.1

_3,472.5

--

_498.6

763.8

___

-

1,955.4514.7276.7440.5548.7174.8

-

_

_38.7_

-

2,022.8666.9524.6

95.946.4

374.9

Sept.1994P

170.9101.1

311.9-

409.1184.3

_115.4

1,169.179.1

846.1117.1291.2

8,033.71,279.1

519.4326.4

_1,482.5

_206.3

_3,460.9

--__

505.9

750.5

___-

1,978.1510.5253.2492.6546.6175.2

-

_

-38.9_-

2,014.7663.4523.8

94.245.4

373.7

Oct.1994P

-

_

-

_

__-

___-

_

-_______---__-

___

-

_

-___-

-

_

___

-

_

____

-

Services—ContinuedAuto repair, services, and parking—Continued

Automotive services, except repairCarwashes

Miscellaneous repair servicesElectrical repair shops

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesMotion picture theatersVideo tape rental

Amusement and recreation servicesBowling centersMisc. amusement and recreation services

Physical fitness facilitiesMembership sports and recreation clubs

Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitionersOffices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists

Nursing and personal care facilitiesSkilled nursing care facilitiesIntermediate care facilitiesNursing and personal care, nee

HospitalsGeneral medical and surgical hospitalsPsychiatric hospitalsSpecialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric

Medical and dental laboratoriesHome health care services

Legal services

Educational servicesElementary and secondary schoolsColleges and universitiesVocational schools

Social servicesIndividual and family servicesJob training and related servicesChild day care servicesResidential careSocial services, nee

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

Membership organizationsBusiness associationsProfessional organizationsLabor organizationsCivic and social associations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services

Engineering servicesArchitectural servicesSurveying services

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping


74





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Production workers1

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Services—ContinuedEngineering and management services—Continued

Research and testing servicesCommercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations

Management and public relationsManagement servicesManagement consulting servicesPublic relations services

Services, nee

Government

Federal Government4

Executive, by agency4

Department of DefensePostal Service5

Other executive agenciesLegislativeJudicial

Federal Government, by industry:Manufacturing activities

Ship building and repairingTransportation and public utilities, except Postal

ServiceServices

Hospitals

State governmentHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive, legislative,

and judicial functionsState government, except education

Local governmentTransportation and public utilitiesHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive, legislative,

and judicial functionsLocal government, except education

873873187328733874874187428743

89

3731

806

80682

80682

573.5241.6105.5143.9699.6264.2230.3

31.0

40.8

18,620

2,901

2,835.0855.3786.6

1,193.138.227.8

85.248.8

30.4394.8232.8

4,454413.2

1,784.7

1,763.02,669.2

11,265450.7682.3

6,186.9

3,561.35,077.6

575.5241.1107.5144.3696.9261.0232.1

31.7

40.6

19,133

2,886

2,820.1847.5792.4

1,180.237.827.7

83.547.4

30.1390.2232.0

4,616412.6

1,965.1

1,749.62,650.5

11,631449.5682.5

6,616.1

3,514.45,014.9

584.6239.5112.7149.4720.8266.4239.333.4

41.0

17,882

2,875

2,811.7827.2816.2

1,168.335.627.6

75.341.3

28.8386.3228.9

4,332404.6

1,592.2

1,824.92,739.4

10,675456.2692.3

5,326.8

3,792.75,348.2

577.8238.2113.8143.2724.3269.9240.7

32.9

40.8

18,875

2,859

74.340.6

28.5383.9227.8

4,541403.1

1,828.3

1,810.42,712.3

11,475453.2691.4

6,328.5

3,612.55,146.2

40.8

19,407

2,845

433.4172.383.6

111.6514.5189.0165.821.8

32.3

434.8171.785.7

111.7513.0186.0168.822.2

32.4

447.4175.489.0

116.1533.6190.2179.723.2

32.7

443.4174.790.8

111.1534.2191.8180.522.5

32.3

4,716

2,020.2

2,695.4

11,846

6,767.2

5,078.4


2 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of$50,000,000 or more.

3 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and

the National Security Agency.5 Includes rural mail carriers.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject torevision.

75


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEESNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

(In thousands)

Industry July1993

Aug.1993

June1994

July1994

Aug.1994

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing



Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

52,760

43,374

6,501

90

531

5,880

2,67311414410391

289415636350363169

3,20755613

3207451716693412430563

46,259

1,680

1,820

10,471

4,290

18,612

9,3861,2172,1206,049

52,785

43,500

6,559

89

532

5,938

2,68311614710492292411639350361170

3,25558314

3227581716703412530766

46,226

1,676

1,812

10,525

4,290

18,638

9,2851,2152,1135,957

55,065

44,688

6,569

87

552

5,930

2,72912215310496303427654350351169

3,20153711

3197391686823362532165

48,496

1,717

1,858

10,777

4,325

19,442

10,3771,2032,1906,984

54,124

44,638

6,522

87

557

5,878

2,69412215110395298420646341348169

3,18456011

3167121676823352531562

47,602

1,694

1,857

10,787

4,329

19,449

9,4861,2022,1546,130

54,271

44,838

6,623

87

560

5,976

2,72712415310497303424655350347172

3,24958613

3207331676833362632065

47,648

1,699

1,862

10,841

4,321

19,492

9,4331,2002,1526,081

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject torevision.

76


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT


B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

1,717.4419.9162.7196.4142.869.6

264.5120.9

1,589.01,066.9

276.7

1,003.4117.487.0

271.934.7

11,982.4170.0259.1

3,697.9124.9862.3

1,116.4730.4553.4107.7938.9907.5787.0140.8145.3159.3142.3223.3

1,681.1135.0913.3

1,533.0175.183.2

583.1238.5184.180.3

350.7269.9

666.82,318.2

5,569.9136.5542.6128.8101.0441.9149.5165.3899.4656.4137.0206.6132.5894.7362.5

Aug.1994

1,726.3425.6158.6199.2145.569.5

275.6124.5

1,618.11,087.7

282.3

1,026.0122.388.8

277.234.6

11,915.8167.7258.2

3,641.3128.9855.2

1,110.0731.0561.2108.5925.9897.7783.0139.9144.0162.0140.4222.5

1,722.7135.7924.9

1,522.7173.483.4

580.7228.8183.480.2

361.9275.2

660.12,310.9

5,684.6137.6555.5133.2100.6447.1152.9167.3914.2680.0137.3210.7132.7910.5363.9

Sept.1994^

1,737.1427.3160.1199.8144.770.8

269.7123.9

1,661.31,115.9

291.0

1,041.3123.989.7

279.635.2

11,966.3170.3259.3

3,664.1128.1856.8

1,115.4743.8563.0107.4929.4900.7780.5141.2147.3161.6140.6223.3

1,728.6138.9926.8

1,537.6173.483.8

590.5232.4182.579.9

359.7275.3

664.52,329.2

5,780.6140.2564.1135.9105.9452.0156.8169.6922.4690.3139.5213.3138.0928.2371.0

Mining

Sept.1993

10.83.0

(1)(1)

(1 )

2.6

10.53.2

12.14.52.0

3.7(1)

.9(1)0

34.411.4

.67.4

(2)

3.2.9

1.3.5.3.5.7.2

1.0.7.1.4

2.2

16.0(1)

8.5

1.0(2)(1)

( )

(1 )

( 1 )

( 2 )

.1

.2

.1

.8

6.1(2)

.2(2)

(2 )(2)

2.6(2)

.4(2)(2)

(2)

(2)

.4(2)

Aug.1994

10.12.9

(1)

( 1 )

(1 )

2.6

10.33.1

12.34.52.1

3.6(1)

1.0(1)

( 1 )

32.210.3

.66.9

(2)

3.1.9

1.4.5.3.5.6.2

1.0.6.1.5

2.1

15.4(1)

8.0

1.0(2)

9(1)(2)

.1

.2

.1

.9

6.5(2)

.2f2\

I2\

2.8(2)

.4(2)(2)

(2)

(2)

.5(2)

Sept.1994P

9.93.0

9(1)2.5

9.93.0

12.34.52.1

3.5(1)

1.0(1)(1)

32.010.4

.66.8

(2)

3.0.9

1.4.5.3.5.6.2

1.0.6.1.5

2.1

15.5(1)

7.9

1.0(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)

(2 )

.1

.2

.1

.9

6.5(2)

.2(2)

(2 )(2)

2.7(2)

.4(2)i2\

/2 \

(2)

.5(2)

Construction

Sept.1993

80.021.26.1

14.47.04.0

14.77.8

93.463.916.3

38.84.53.1

11.8.9

462.48.8

13.2100.1

6.841.044.741.127.63.6

40.427.127.6

5.38.16.38.99.6

89.65.4

48.7

50.35.33.0

19.88.44.92.9

18.814.4

8.5106.3

290.57.4

31.310.73.4

23.87.28.0

39.333.3

8.89.75.3

41.421.2

Aug.1994

82.122.56.0

14.27.14.2

16.28.4

106.373.018.9

42.95.03.3

12.81.0

471.48.1

13.599.86.1

42.145.440.228.73.6

40.227.428.1

5.38.86.29.5

10.5

92.15.7

46.1

51.65.43.3

23.09.25.13.1

19.815.3

8.9110.5

306.17.3

32.111.93.6

24.87.38.3

40.337.39.99.55.3

41.322.0

Sept.1994P

81.922.56.0

14.17.04.2

15.78.3

106.773.418.8

43.15.03.3

12.81.0

469.68.2

13.399.0

5.942.145.540.528.53.6

39.527.528.4

5.58.46.19.3

10.5

91.35.7

45.7

50.75.33.2

23.09.05.03.2

19.615.0

8.9109.8

308.57.2

31.412.13.5

25.07.48.3

40.137.610.19.75.4

41.621.9

AlabamaBirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

AlaskaAnchorage

ArizonaPhoenix-MesaTucson

ArkansasFayetteville-Springdale-RogersFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little RockPine Bluff

CaliforniaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOrange CountyRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinasSan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta RosaStockton-LodiVallejo-Fairfield-NapaVentura

ColoradoBoulder-LongmontDenver

ConnecticutBridgeportDanburyHartfordNew Haven-MeridenStamford-NorwalkWaterbury

DelawareWilmington-Newark

District of ColumbiaWashington PMSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelboume-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


77


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Sept.1993

385.951.637.928.217.910.5

18.42.1

174.6133.924.2

244.832.525.733.3

7.2

1,807.410.532.2

657.827.8

102.1207.9

85.437.19.2

114.974.6

231.217.921.125.814.730.7

188.729.789.9

293.643.720.997.942.429.817.2

65.249.9

13.892.4

482.712.841.0

5.65.5

35.018.728.381.551.811.417.74.6

87.430.6

Aug.1994

387.351.938.228.017.810.8

22.82.4

183.5139.228.0

255.234.0'27.734.1

7.5

1,778.910.233.1

632.230.9

100.3206.4

86.038.09.8

109.274.2

228.617.620.729.314.929.2

191.330.489.3

280.442.320.493.139.327.817.4

64.347.4

14.195.2

481.113.440.7

5.65.4

34.619.828.881.452.211.318.94.6

88.129.7

Sept.1994P

388.652.438.228.117.710.8

18.62.2

183.1138.628.1

256.634.127.934.7

7.5

1,770.910.132.1

633.828.4

100.5206.1

86.437.79.9

109.074.8

228.317.521.327.214.429.2

191.330.689.0

284.342.620.595.139.928.317.7

64.047.2

14.295.8

483.313.541.1

5.65.3

35.120.029.081.552.311.418.74.7

88.629.9

Transportation and\

Sept.1993

85.630.13.2

11.36.02.2

24.513.1

78.154.911.5

58.18.05.1

17.12.1

604.68.3

13.4198.0

5.855.937.336.924.3

5.235.476.523.0

4.85.8

10.35.9

10.1

104.43.4

74.1

70.47.32.9

24.116.18.43.4

14.913.0

21.2104.8

285.23.8

25.55.71.9

32.47.74.8

72.437.4

6.05.23.2

41.914.3

Dublic utilities

Aug.1994

85.529.63.3

10.96.02.2

25.113.2

79.456.011.4

58.38.45.5

17.82.0

595.58.3

13.2195.3

5.653.238.837.324.4

5.235.773.422.4

4.55.8

10.95.9

10.0

104.93.5

72.8

67.06.92.7

23.615.78.63.4

14.812.9

21.3 ,105.4

286.93.7

26.45.92.0

32.68.04.7

73.238.1

5.95.13.1

42.713.6

Sept.1994P

85.629.53.3

11.16.02.2

24.713.1

79.156.011.3

59.08.35.4

17.92.0

597.08.3

13.2195.8

5.753.038.837.924.5

5.235.873.522.6

4.55.8

10.75.9

10.3

104.73.5

72.4

69.06.92.9

24.815.78.63.4

15.113.2

21.0104.6

287.53.7

26.45.82.0

32.88.14.7

72.938.0

5.95.13.1

42.713.6


Sept.1993

378.3102.330.450.032.415.3

51.326.6

385.9257.364.0

223.230.317.863.7

7.3

2,779.641.162.6

817.030.7

202.6273.6192.5126.128.6

221.3189.2155.334.436.338.436.153.3

407.128.7

220.9

328.237.921.1

118.848.442.715.6

76.954.0

52.7433.2

1,438.538.7

153.034.920.8

114.741.736.7

235.1161.433.648.229.1

226.195.3

Aug.1994

386.4104.231.052.533.115.6

54.928.7

396.4266.1

65.8

230.732.517.666.4

7.2

2,764.240.562.1

803.231.6

203.1270.4193.9127.428.7

215.3187.5152.534.736.538.235.354.2

430.629.6

230.5

325.737.020.7

120.847.341.515.9

81.556.0

52.9439.4

1,475.839.3

158.137.121.2

115.742.838.7

237.5166.834.949.629.6

229.196.4

Sept.1994P

386.1104.130.952.232.815.6

53.928.5

400.5269.266.5

231.632.817.666.6

7.2

2,766.840.862.4

803.431.7

202.5270.0195.2127.528.6

216.1187.8152.534.836.438.135.454.3

430.330.1

229.5

326.537.2-20.8

122.647.341.415.8

79.655.7

53.2438.1

1,480.039.2

158.837.421.9

115.543.238.6

237.6166.734.649.630.2

229.497.7


AlaskaAnchorage








FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


78





(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

76.030.6

4.58.48.32.2

11.46.9

100.780.212.7

40.84.12.8

16.31.3

786.25.8

14.2248.9

4.858.391.931.940.8

6.461.1

101.631.0

7.39.98.55.4

12.3

107.05.1

71.1

138.810.83.9

79.814.919.74.1

35.530.6

30.6131.9

357.26.2

40.68.24.4

43.77.55.4

63.938.3

5.210.65.2

63.125.3

Aug.1994

77.731.64.58.48.42.3

11.87.1

103.082.512.5

41.94.42.9

16.61.4

767.85.8

14.0241.1

4.757.088.431.140.96.4

58.5100.330.27.09.98.35.3

11.8

110.05.1

73.0

137.611.14.0

76.714.920.34.2

37.432.2

30.4131.4

367.96.1

41.08.44.5

44.57.75.8

64.040.2

5.210.45.4

66.625.4

Sept.1994P

77.231.44.48.48.32.3

11.67.0

102.782.412.4

41.74.42.9

16.61.3

764.05.8

14.0240.5

4.756.288.231.240.8

6.458.199.929.76.89.88.25.3

11.8

108.95.0

72.4

135.710.94.0

75.514.520.14.1

37.632.3

30.0130.8

367.66.1

40.98.54.4

44.57.75.8

63.840.1

5.110.55.4

67.025.4

Sept.1993

365.6114.741.652.835.410.9

58.931.8

452.2310.3

82.4

223.321.722.375.6

7.9

3,468.939.864.0

1,148.528.0

235.0334.1187.7140.628.1

289.0310.3232.442.438.735.936.564.1

472.637.8

261.7

448.151.521.5

154.577.062.024.4

90.972.7

254.4819.3

1,824.042.8

174.942.128.7

129.940.057.6

277.7255.1

43.491.231.5

312.8128.7

Services

Aug.1994

369.6118.138.554.336.410.8

62.533.0

467.1321.0

82.8

233.222.422.576.68.2

3,514.041.564.3

1,154.228.4

236.9340.3191.8142.828.2

296.1311.4235.9

42.640.036.137.064.3

495.139.0

272.7

462.552.222.6

162.272.663.723.9

94.976.0

254.6829.4

1,923.844.4

184.744.030.2

135.341.957.7

290.3272.8

44.294.732.1

329.8132.7

Sept.1994?

370.8117.638.754.736.310.9

60.632.6

472.1324.984.1

233.322.422.276.08.2

3,515.041.363.2

1,161.929.0

237.0339.1194.1142.328.4

291.6311.4233.3

42.639.636.937.364.6

487.838.5

271.8

462.551.822.3

162.375.162.323.0

94.175.3

259.1830.2

1,929.944.9

185.844.230.5

134.942.157.8

290.8273.9

44.294.732.4

333.0133.2

Sept.1993

335.266.439.031.335.821.9

74.829.4

292.0161.963.6

170.716.39.3

54.18.0

2,038.944.358.9

520.221.0

164.2126.0153.6156.426.3

176.3127.586.327.724.734.034.441.0

295.724.9'

138.4

202.618.69.9

88.231.316.612.7

48.435.1

285.5629.5

885.724.876.121.536.362.024.124.4

129.178.728.323.953.4

121.647.1

Government

Aug.1994

327.664.837.130.936.721.0

72.028.6

270.1145.460.8

160.215.68.3

52.97.3

1,991.843.057.4

508.621.6

159.5119.4149.3158.526.3

170.4122.985.127.221.732.932.040.4

283.322.4

132.5

196.918.59.7

81.329.816.412.3

49.135.2

277.8598.7

836.523.472.320.233.759.222.623.2

127.172.125.622.452.4

112.444.1

Sept.1994?

337.066.838.631.236.622.3

74.729.2

304.8166.967.7

172.516.99.4

55.08.0

2,051.045.460.5

522.922.7

162.5126.8157.1161.225.0

178.8125.285.528.525.434.332.540.5

298.825.5

138.1

207.918.710.187.230.916.812.7

49.636.4

278.0619.0

917.325.679.522.238.363.825.625.3

135.381.227.924.956.6

125.449.3


AlaskaAnchorage








FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


79




(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

3,142.751.859.9

1,654.4189.2100.4133.4120.5

527.4404.5

450.9162.2

5,365.170.391.4

3,734.8166.554.138.9

152.3155.6106.1

2,624.760.6

107.8142.3243.7245.0734.4

50.586.559.6

123.266.6

1,292.1100.5245.0

48.558.960.265.6

1,148.141.095.7

251.2

1,545.9239.6498.8

38.8

1,650.749.9

257.059.8

136.472.861.8

573.1155.4

533.239.7

127.1

Aug.1994

3,260.652.360.6

1,736.5188.9102.4134.2121.4

526.9402.8

463.7168.9

5,425.069.488.2

3,802.0170.852.039.9

148.1160.9113.7

2,633.555.8

111.8139.5249.2240.4746.149.584.556.5

122.462.2

1,302.5100.5250.7

48.459.959.864.1

1,151.538.896.3

246.1

1,565.8238.9508.040.1

1,688.749.9

258.861.2

139.773.962.4

575.1160.3

536.040.5

125.7

Sept.1994P

3,280.853.159.7

1,744.6191.6103.0135.5122.0

521.7399.4

472.5170.6

5,450.371.990.7

3,812.8172.051.839.2

149.0161.3108.8

2,671.356.5

112.4140.8252.4246.4752.4

50.488.960.4

126.664.5

1,320.8102.7250.9

47.760.260.466.0

1,166.840.895.6

250.7

1,586.0245.6509.0

39.8

1,711.450.1

264.061.7

139.674.163.0

579.2160.6

538.341.4

126.7

Mining

Sept.1993

7.6(2)(1)

1.4.5

(1)1.2

0

(1)(1)

2.30

14.4(1)(1)

2.2(1)(1)(1)O(1)(1)

6.8(1)(1)

1.4(1)(1)

.8(1)(1)(1)

'O.4

2.2(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

8.8(1)(1)

1.6

26.9.2.6.6

45.5.2.9

5.211.2

1.4.3

14.13.0

.2(2)(2)

Aug.1994

7.5(2)0

1.4.5

(1)1.1

(1)

(1)(1)

2.4(1)

15.7(1)(1)

2.2(1)(1)(1)0(1)(1)

6.3(1)(1)

1.5(1)(1)

.5(1)(1)(1)(1)

.4

2.4(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

8.9(1)(1)

1.7

28.7.2.6.5

46.7.2.9

5.111.3

1.4.3

14.13.1

.1(2)(2)

Sept.1994P

7.5(2)(1)

1.4.5

01.2

(1)

(1)(1)

2.4(1)

15.7(1)(1)

2.2(1)0(1)(1)(1)(1)

6.3(1)(1)

1.5(1)(1)

.4(1)(1)(1)(1)

.4

2.4(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

8.8(1)(1)

1.6

28.9.2.6.5

46.4.2.9

5.111.2

1.4.3

14.23.1

.1(2)(2)

Constructior

Sept.1993

134.82.62.0

71.711.04.14.26.0

31.923.7

28.111.5

213.42.53.0

144.98.63.12.07.56.54.8

125.42.83.59.0

12.414.437.6

1.33.32.66.93.8

54.95.4

10.31.92.12.72.5

51.11.84.3

13.3

73.911.725.6

2.4

98.43.1

30.13.06.87.43.2

25.68.3

23.31.75.8

Aug.1994

144.02.71.9

82.311.14.34.96.0

29.922.1

31.613.0

219.32.43.1

151.48.73.02.27.96.34.7

133.03.23.89.4

11.815.439.1

1.33.52.47.33.3

56.25.8

11.61.72.32.72.7

55.51.84.1

13.0

73.712.925.9

2.4

105.53.7

30.93.07.47.33.1

24.58.3

24.11.95.7

Sept.1994P

145.12.81.8

83.911.04.34.86.0

29.821.9

31.513.0

220.02.33.1

151.48.63.01.87.96.44.8

132.53.23.79.4

11.615.838.7

1.23.42.37.23.4

55.15.8

11.41.72.12.62.6

54.51.84.0

12.8

73.512.625.6

2.4

107.23.6

32.53.07.27.23.2

24.48.0

24.11.95.7

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugusta-AikenColumbusMaconSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

IllinoisBloomington-NormalChampaign-UrbanaChicagoDavenport-Moline-Rock IslandDecaturKankakeePeoria-PekinRockfordSpringfield

IndianaBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansville-HendersonFort WayneGaryIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth BendTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySoux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls

KansasLawrenceTopekaWichita

KentuckyLexingtonLouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHoumaLafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport-Bossier City

MaineLewiston-AuburnPortland


80





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Sept.1993

558.97.4

11.1197.344.520.518.617.9

19.013.9

71.329.0

938.97.2

10.3641.6

28.312.86.9

31.447.8

4.1

643.68.7

55.832.269.253.0

124.220.418.711.121.613.2

237.820.925.112.64.4

12.114.1

182.24.59.3

57.3

293.938.287.5

6.1

187.53.6

23.05.5

15.311.0

8.147.520.5

92.78.5

13.9

Aug.1994

572.87.4

11.1201.0

44.420.018.617.3

17.713.0

73.331.8

932.58.2

10.0640.9

29.19.96.8

24.350.84.2

656.09.1

58.432.270.653.4

125.720.819.711.222.113.0

245.321.424.613.3

4.4

12.314.0

181.44.49.6

55.7

301.839.189.3

6.4

187.03.4

23.25.6

16.111.28.0

48.720.8

93.68.6

13.5

Sept.1994P

573.77.5

11.1201.3

44.720.219.017.3

17.412.9

73.231.7

934.28.2

10.1641.9

29.09.96.8

24.350.8

4.2

659.29.0

58.732.671.253.1

126.220.919.711.222.113.2

245.521.524.913.3

4.4

12.314.2

182.94.49.5

56.5

303.439.389.0

6.3

188.23.4

23.05.6

16.011.3

8.048.820.7

93.38.8

14.1

Transportation andpublic utilities

Sept.1993

204.92.91.7

140.65.43.55.39.3

41.033.6

21.57.5

314.32.92.5

227.47.85.21.97.96.75.1

134.71.62.96.9

15.617.142.9

1.32.34.75.42.7

57.45.9

12.01.9

1.83.41.9

67.21.26.8

11.3

82.68.9

32.92.0

105.52.6

11.75.88.14.63.3

43.38.3

22.61.45.8

Aug.1994

208.43.11.7

140.65.63.45.39.7

39.532.3

21.27.7

311.52.92.6

226.38.45.11.98.16.65.1

137.51.83.16.6

15.416.542.3

1.32.35.25.52.7

57.85.9

12.21.91.83.52.1

69.11.37.0

11.4

85.18.8

34.12.1

108.32.5

11.95.98.34.43.4

42.68.2

21.91.56.0

>

Sept.1994P

207.13.21.7

139.05.63.45.39.7

39.832.5

21.88.0

316.82.92.6

229.88.45.11.98.26.85.2

138.21.93.16.5

15.216.542.5

1.32.35.45.4

2.5

58.15.8

12.41.91.93.52.1

69.71.27.0

11.3

85.48.9

34.22.0

108.52.5

11.85.98.34.33.4

42.38.3

21.61.55.8


Sept.1993

782.513.015.2

442.339.422.431.230.2

131.899.3

112.238.9

1,252.615.919.9

870.646.612.19.7

36.233.521.8

608.113.719.534.754.557.4

189.610.416.912.430.418.6

323.122.864.111.111.415.216.1

276.69.8

20.757.2

362.654.8

120.09.8

382.411.155.914.734.616.514.8

140.036.4

136.310.337.1

Aug.1994

801.212.914.2

456.939.823.230.830.2

130.198.1

118.239.9

1,288.115.919.4

902.849.012.39.9

37.534.625.2

621.113.220.434.258.357.6

202.89.8

16.812.531.818.2

330.223.065.511.511.215.516.0

278.29.5

20.957.7

372.054.8

123.710.5

394.511.057.915.336.016.315.7

141.237.5

142.610.538.5

Sept.1994P

802.613.214.4

457.639.723.331.030.1

129.597.9

118.639.7

1,287.416.020.0

902.948.712.39.9

37.634.423.0

621.114.220.334.158.058.2

203.09.9

17.212.532.118.3

328.823.065.211.311.615.416.2

279.19.9

20.857.8

372.955.7

124.110.4

395.011.058.015.436.116.515.7

141.137.4

139.410.538.4


HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City



IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls






81




(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

167.52.02.0

110.46.57.18.34.6

39.432.4

23.210.9

385.312.03.4

301.47.42.31.88.57.07.9

128.92.12.96.0

13.09.4

54.91.43.51.86.42.3

74.45.3

34.31.61.62.72.8

58.31.76.2

11.0

62.69.5

28.51.7

77.92.1

14.82.35.62.64.3

29.96.6

25.91.9

12.2

Aug.1994

168.02.02.0

111.86.87.48.14.1

39.432.2

24.611.6

390.812.63.4

305.37.72.41.78.47.08.1

131.82.33.05.8

13.59.5

56.11.43.81.86.22.3

76.75.6

36.01.61.72.72.7

59.21.86.3

11.0

63.09.2

29.41.6

79.52.2

14.72.25.72.64.4

30.26.6

26.22.0

12.1

Sept.1994P

167.21.92.0

111.36.87.38.14.1

39.232.0

24.611.7

389.512.53.4

303.97.82.41.78.47.08.1

129.82.33.05.8

13.39.3

55.11.43.81.86.12.4

76.15.6

35.61.61.72.72.7

58.61.86.3

10.9

62.59.1

29.21.6

79.22.1

14.62.25.62.64.3

30.06.7

26.02.0

12.1

Sept.1993

748.212.211.6

459.842.422.728.833.1

162.5119.9

101.037.5

1,495.016.220.1

1,089.642.113.110.143.538.629.9

574.912.116.637.354.259.1

175.08.6

17.413.839.414.7

322.528.266.815.611.517.416.0

273.59.1

25.266.9

366.062.7

135.79.5

412.914.363.611.432.817.015.9

169.541.5

139.011.336.1

Services

Aug.1994

811.812.411.3

507.943.224.730.534.6

163.5120.1

104.638.1

1,528.217.020.5

1,123.644.113.710.846.041.233.3

580.712.017.437.257.357.9

177.38.4

18.713.837.513.5

324.228.268.515.012.316.916.1

280.98.2

25.066.4

374.962.8

138.79.8

430.914.465.112.133.218.316.1

170.945.2

145.111.935.2

Sept.1994P

819.612.311.6

512.643.324.830.534.8

163.7120.7

105.638.3

1,524.816.820.3

1,124.143.313.410.645.240.430.8

582.811.916.837.057.658.5

175.98.3

17.813.940.613.3

330.229.167.714.912.117.216.2

281.78.6

25.066.8

377.765.1

138.39.7

436.814.565.212.033.218.216.1

174.245.2

140.812.134.9

Sept.1993

538.311.716.3

230.939.520.135.819.4

101.881.7

91.326.9

751.213.632.2

457.125.7

5.56.5

17.315.532.5

402.019.66.6

14.824.834.6

109.57.1

24.413.213.110.9

219.812.032.4

3.826.1

6.712.2

230.412.923.232.6

277.453.668.0

6.7

340.612.957.011.922.012.311.9

103.230.8

93.24.6

16.2

Government

Aug.1994

546.911.818.4

234.637.519.434.919.5

106.885.0

87.826.8

738.910.429.2

449.523.8

5.66.6

15.914.433.1

367.114.25.7

12.622.330.1

102.36.5

19.79.6

12.08.8

209.710.632.3

3.426.2

6.210.5

218.311.823.429.2

266.651.166.3

6.8

336.312.554.212.021.712.411.4

102.930.6

82.44.1

14.7

Sept.1994P

558.012.217.1

237.540.019.735.620.0

102.381.5

94.828.2

761.913.231.2

456.626.2

5.76.5

17.415.532.7

401.414.06.8

13.925.535.0

110.67.4

24.713.313.111.0

224.611.933.7

3.026.4

6.712.0

231.513.123.033.0

281.754.768.0

6.9

350.112.858.012.522.012.612.0

104.231.2

93.04.6

15.7


HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City









82





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

2,117.11,100.3

416.4772.1

2,872.11,738.7

82.048.8

133.7101.761.040.8

238.7206.5

4,017.2243.8

67.41,888.3

164.9472.1

56.0197.0215.8166.0

2,259.5101.2

1,460.670.577.3

1,012.5198.1

2,436.7813.5

1,197.4140.7

335.8

771.5130.9346.2

683.4461.5153.3

507.585.880.0

102.9

3,510.3177.2607.0428.7233.5545.2337.1908.0192.656.3

634.2292.945.968.4

7,741.7427.7113.1

Aug.1994

2,115.71,100.8

415.2773.5

2,929.31,779.3

82.948.7

135.3101.561.542.0

235.8207.6

4,092.2241.469.6

1,928.2166.5478.3

56.5195.8211.1169.4

2,305.5101.7

1,491.469.976.6

1,034.0202.2

2,473.8828.2

1,212.4142.8

342.5

783.2130.1350.8

715.4488.7156.2

515.085.880.0

104.4

3,582.0187.4611.3438.6236.5557.4354.0921.8194.256.6

658.6304.545.270.8

7,820.3428.7109.5

Sept.1994P

2,131.71,110.3

414.4784.8

2,948.21,786.2

83.749.5

136.7103.362.241.1

242.2210.1

4,155.8248.269.8

1,948.5170.1486.5

57.7201.6218.6171.1

2,322.8101.2

1,496.470.079.0

1,039.9204.5

2,512.4835.1

1,230.5147.1

346.6

789.6131.4352.3

722.9493.4158.5

518.787.181.7

104.3

3,570.8180.3613.5442.5237.7557.6346.4920.7193.757.6

667.2309.747.370.3

7,836.7428.9111.4

Mining

Sept.1993

1.2.2

(2)

(2 )

1.3.4

/2\

l2\

/2\

(1 )

.1

.1

.2

9.1(1)(1)

1.0(1)(1)(1)

( 1 )

(1 )

(1 )

7.65.0

(2)

0

5.2(2)

4.5(1)

(1 )

(1 )

5.7

1.50

12.71.7

.7

.5(1)(1)

(1 )

1.9(1)

(1 )

(1)

( )

.60

.7(1)

.3

16.2(1)(1)(1)

5.4.5

0

Aug.1994

1.2.2

(2)

( 2 )

1.2.4

(2)

(2)

(2)

(1 )(2)

.1

.1

.3

9.20

1.0(1)(1)

0

(1)(1)

8.65.4

(2)

(1 )

(1 )

5.2(2)

4.3(1)00

5.7

1.5(1)

(1 )

13.11.8.7

.5(1)(1)

(1 )

1.90)0

0.5

(1)

.8(1)

.3

16.9(1)

n

5.8.6

(1)

Sept.1994P

1.2.2

(2)

(2 )

1.3.5

(2)

(2)

(2 )

(1 )(2)

.1

.1

.3

9.0(1)(1)

1.0(1)(1)

(1)

(1)

(1 )

0

8.55.3

(2)

(1 )

(1)

5.3(2)

4.3(1)(1)(1)

5.7

1.4(1)(1)

13.01.8.7

.5(1)(1)

(1 )

2.0(1)( )(1)(1)

.6(1)

.8(1)

.3

16.8(1)(1)(1)

5.8.6

(1)

Construction

Sept.1993

124.558.812.852.2

91.851.62.61.35.04.22.01.47.16.3

147.87.02.0

62.85.6

20.01.77.06.77.9

89.84.1

53.52.63.8

43.18.2

102.235.757.26.1

16.5

33.85.6

16.5

49.237.8

8.2

18.93.52.22.8

120.55.8

21.318.04.6

17.315.629.94.41.8

37.718.62.63.7

257.716.74.6

Aug.1994

126.660.813.253.9

95.151.42.61.35.04.32.01.47.37.0

155.97.22.2

66.66.1

22.31.97.56.98.5

93.24.1

55.12.64.1

42.98.5

114.741.166.16.4

17.2

35.55.9

16.8

50.938.2

9.1

19.13.72.22.9

130.95.9

23.220.7

5.118.417.531.2

4.82.0

43.821.4

2.93.9

273.517.34.8

Sept.1994P

125.860.713.253.5

94.551.32.61.34.94.32.01.37.37.0

155.87.02.1

66.05.9

21.61.97.57.08.4

91.54.1

54.62.64.1

42.68.8

114.041.765.9

6.2

17.3

35.05.8

16.5

50.538.0

9.0

18.73.62.22.8

129.06.0

23.120.9

4.918.616.830.24.71.9

43.921.7

2.93.9

273.517.04.8

MarylandBaltimore PMSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFitchburg-LeominsterLawrenceLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-HollandJacksonKalamazoo-Battle CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St. PaulRochesterSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson

MissouriKansas CitySt. LouisSpringfield

Montana

NebraskaLincolnOmaha

NevadaLas VegasReno

New HampshireManchesterNashuaPortsmouth-Rochester

New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New MexicoAlbuquerqueLas CrucesSanta Fe

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamton


83




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Sept.1993

179.5108.138.333.9

452.0224.8

11.014.634.131.015.87.9

40.839.3

903.952.519.9

412.345.1

135.612.249.428.340.7

411.68.3

267.012.013.9

254.621.4

412.2105.8196.821.0

23.4

104.615.534.7

30.616.310.6

97.211.326.217.4

521.57.1

115.958.334.996.921.1

144.223.714.3

44.326.82.82.1

985.744.226.4

Aug.1994

178.1105.937.633.8

447.4221.6

11.014.835.030.815.87.4

39.939.4

945.153.221.1

433.146.5

141.612.850.629.641.4

425.78.5

271.811.414.5

259.922.2

414.5106.4195.821.9

23.0

106.116.334.5

32.117.211.2

98.411.226.317.5

512.17.1

112.957.735.394.121.1

141.621.914.4

46.228.22.72.2

956.543.524.3

Sept.1994P

178.1105.937.734.6

448.6221.8

11.214.735.130.716.17.4

40.439.6

954.155.021.2

439.947.0

140.913.150.730.041.3

424.28.3

270.511.314.4

259.722.3

418.1106.5196.221.7

23.0

106.116.234.6

32.017.211.2

98.411.325.917.8

513.57.2

113.757.735.493.920.7

143.422.414.6

46.928.6

2.92.2

957.143.624.3

Transportation andF

Sept.1993

99.653.321.231.3

126.679.94.61.94.15.22.41.28.79.5

158.25.32.9

85.14.6

17.03.66.16.36.7

107.56.4

77.52.02.8

46.113.4

156.565.378.3

8.3

20.3

47.07.6

24.2

35.723.210.5

18.55.42.23.6

236.97.3

28.320.229.344.018.477.26.62.2

29.212.8

1.71.2

404.416.24.5

jublic utilities

Aug.1994

95.751.020.132.0

124.780.4

4.41.83.85.12.21.18.09.9

161.55.43.0

86.34.2

17.43.66.46.36.5

107.76.1

76.82.02.9

46.315.4

153.764.480.9

8.3

20.6

47.87.4

24.8

37.124.510.8

17.46.02.03.7

235.07.4

28.019.928.744.117.778.26.32.0

29.113.1

1.51.2

395.315.74.1

Sept.1994P

97.151.920.231,9

127.781.54.61.93.95.42.31.18.6

10.1

161.75.52.9

86.54.3

17.33.66.36.46.4

111.76.2

78.42.02.8

45.715.7

156.864.881.3

8.4

20.5

48.17.4

25.0

37.124.610.7

18.46.12.13.7

240.47.5

28.821.029.345.618.179.16.52.2

29.813.51.71.2

405.316.14.1


Sept.1993

502.8252.667.2

185.2

650.8373.3

26.111.034.120.714.79.9

54.046.0

937.247.614.6

448.439.6

114.313.842.847.442.0

542.126.3

346.014.423.5

211.147.4

579.3199.6284.0

39.9

89.7

193.527.487.4

135.692.934.4

130.021.020.226.6

821.339.0

170.7113.1

54.6128.391.8

178.431.110.4

149.169.9

9.814.2

1,555.286.224.7

Aug.1994

511.3254.567.8

190.7

677.7386.926.910.534.420.915.010.254.246.2

969.548.215.2

452.840.3

115.313.943.247.743.6

557.826.6

355.414.923.9

218.148.8

589.2203.5289.1

41.6

93.6

198.327.488.8

140.997.335.6

133.920.820.027.7

844.545.2

170.6117.055.0

130.398.1

182.331.410.8

157.874.010.215.2

1,586.987.424.8

Sept.1994P

508.1256.167.5

190.4

676.9387.9

26.810.734.821.314.910.155.146.4

965.348.115.0

453.040.0

115.214.043.447.843.4

556.626.5

354.114.823.9

216.848.5

591.1203.3287.2

42.4

92.3

197.927.888.5

141.697.735.7

132.021.220.026.6

842.040.1

172.9117.6

55.4131.994.7

182.631.010.8

156.473.910.315.0

1,586.287.424.8





MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno

New HampshireManchesterNashuaPortsmouth-Rochester ,

New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton




84





(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

130.173.938.447.9

199.5144.7

3.31.74.93.42.01.9

13.915.3

193.39.42.6

108.36.3

19.31.8

10.2.12.3

6.3

137.43.4

108.61.92.4

39.014.5

142.262.573.96.2

15.0

50.58.7

29.7

31.623.1

7.2

29.97.53.26.8

229.95.8

36.022.619.943.019.268.210.53.4

27.915.5

1.92.8

729.727.1

4.1

Aug.1994

129.473.337.747.3

203.8149.2

3.51.84.93.42.02.0

13.615.7

198.59.62.6

109.36.5

19.71.9

10.712.56.3

139.63.5

111.11.92.4

39.514.6

145.163.574.96.5

15.3

50.78.6

29.8

32.223.6

7.4

29.36.63.16.5

235.05.8

38.422.220.844.018.769.510.63.4

29.616.4

1.93.0

741.127.34.1

Sept.1994P

128.673.237.747.2

201.4147.9

3.51.84.93.52.02.0

13.415.7

195.39.52.6

107.96.4

19.51.9

10.512.46.3

139.13.5

110.01.92.4

38.914.5

143.663.174.06.5

15.0

50.28.5

29.7

32.323.6

7.4

29.16.63.06.5

232.15.7

37.921.920.743.418.668.810.43.4

29.516.3

1.93.0

735.427.0

4.1

Sept.1993

664.7347.9149.3253.9

967.0651.0

19.511.734.723.814.813.671.159.0

1,033.756.716.2

541.240.6

114.812.747.348.841.3

623.827.5

414.030.718.8

200.251.5

662.0221.4358.841.5

90.4

190.830.6

104.9

299.2211.961.7

140.827.319.224.3

1,029.884.0

167.8123.351.4

140.9109.7272.463.611.4

168.589.8

9.719.8

2,423.0128.027.9

Services

Aug.1994

676.9352.8149.2255.8

1,015.2682.9

20.312.436.825.215.415.272.559.9

1,075.457.216.7

565.142.3

116.713.147.749.342.2

646.927.6

426.230.618.4

214.851.4

696.7227.8373.943.0

93.5

195.530.8

106.9

320.7231.562.6

148.128.120.227.0

1,075.588.1

170.3128.153.3

152.2'118.5282.566.811.2

179.793.9

9.920.8

2,485.7128.928.2

Sept.1994P

674.8353.2149.7256.1

1,015.8681.5

20.512.536.925.415.414.373.760.7

1,078.357.616.9

565.242.4

119.113.348.749.442.6

648.327.6

428.530.319.3

216.351.4

700.5227.2375.244.2

92.5

196.630.7

107.5

321.1232.362.3

147.228.021.426.5

1,066.685.4

169.4127.654.8

149.8116.3282.766.311.6

179.294.5

9.920.4

2,493.8127.328.1

Sept.1993

414.7205.5

89.2167.7

383.1213.0

14.96.6

16.813.49.34.8

43.030.9

634.165.3

9.1229.323.151.010.134.165.9 .21.1

339.720.2

193.56.9

12.1

213.241.2

377.8123.2148.417.7

74.8

149.835.548.8

88.854.620.0

71.79.86.8

21.4

548.528.267.073.238.874.261.3

137.052.712.5

161.359.517.424.6

1,380.6108.820.9

Governmeni

Aug.1994

396.5202.3

89.6160.0

364.2206.5

14.26.1

15.411.89.14.6

40.229.2

577.060.7

8.8213.9

20.645.6

9.329.658.820.8

326.019.9

194.56.5

10.4

207.340.9

355.6121.5131.715.1

73.6

147.833.749.2

88.454.618.8

68.39.46.2

19.1

547.127.967.973.038.373.862.4

135.752.412.5

155.557.516.124.5

1,375.5108.1

19.1

Sept.1994P

418.0209.188.4

171.1

382.0213.8

14.56.6

16.212.79.54.8

43.630.3

636.465.5

9.0228.924.152.810.034.565.522.7

342.919.7

199.87.1

12.1

214.642.9

384.0128.5150.717.7

80.3

154.335.050.5

95.358.221.5

74.410.37.1

20.4

545.228.467.775.837.273.861.2

133.152.412.8

164.761.217.724.6

1,379.5110.021.2





MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno


New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton




85




(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

532.1103.240.348.7

1,057.53,753.53,266.0

114.2515.8

96.9331.1125.1372.0

3,287.098.2

655.9570.9521.7

289.944.585.746.9

4,950.4297.3170.2775.2

1,054.9727.6446.5294.1230.2

1,241.223.035.9

447.8333.2

1,333.7120.959.2

776.6121.9

5,120.4252.6

56.1125.4320.383.6

196.12,113.4

679.21,039.2

153.6264.342.262.950.3

154.9

434.2482.4

Aug.1994

532.9100.440.353.6

1,055.53,783.73,294.0

116.6515.4

97.8330.0127.3372.9

3,323.499.0

666.3574.1523.3

293.044.784.246.0

4,954.0296.0172.8782.3

1,060.3729.1443.6290.6230.2

1,256.722.937.9

447.9334.7

1,361.5121.959.2

793.2121.6

5,162,2254.7

58.0125.6323.484.2

198.82,128.6

678.21,040.2

154.3267.343.560.450.5

155.2

437.0485.0

Sept.1994P

538.5102.340.450.6

1,059.83,777.43,289.3

116.7521.5

97.2333.2127.1372.5

3,359.998.8

670.2581.7527.2

297.044.986.247.6

4,998.1301.4173.2786.0

1,062.3732.4450.2296.6234.3

1,272.322.938.0

454.1338.1

1,373.2124.360.9

796.7122.3

5,189.2255.6

58.1127.2321.4

84.6198.9

2,144.4686.2

1,045.6155.8269.244.263.451.0

157.3

438.5488.3

Mining

Sept.1993

(1)

(1)(1)O(1)

0.3(1)

.90(1)(1)(1)

3.5(1)(1)O0

4.1O(1)(1)

14.2.4.7.6.9.7.6.2.7

35.31.0.1

8.09.4

1.9.2.1

1.0.2

22.00)0(1)(1)V)

A(1)0

4.3(1)

.7(1)(1)0)

.5

.2

.2

Aug.1994

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

0.3(1)

.9(1)(1)(1)(1)

3.4(1)(1)(1)(1)

3.9(1)(1)(1)

14.4.4.7.7

1.0.7.6.2.7

35.01.0.1

8.29.2

1.7.2.1.9.2

20.00)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.4(1)(1)

3.4(1)

.6(1)(1)O

.5

.2

.2

Sept.1994P

(1)(1)(1)(1)0(1)

0.3(1)

.9(1)(1)(1)(1)

3.3(1)(1)(1)(1)

4.0(1)(1)(1)

14.4.4.7.7

1.0.7.6.2.6

35.01.0.1

7.99.0

1.6.2.1.8.2

19.6(1)(1)0(1)(1)

.4(1)O

3.4(1)

.6(1)0O

.5

.2

.2

Constructior

Sept.1993

21.54.31.42.1

42.7109.387.9

3.918.03.2

15.73.8

16.7

158.44.7

32.724.424.0

13.92.65.22.2

202.111.17.9

35.641.029.416.112.29.6

42.8.7

1.415.012.3

60.45.42.5

37.55.3

212.010.02.64.5

13.35.9

11.380.510.952.76.59.41.43.12.07.7

13.014.2

Aug.1994

21.94.11.52.1

42.5112.991.64.2

18.63.3

16.54.0

16.6

167.85.1

33.824.424.3

15.52.76.22.8

201.411.48.5

35.741.028.915.910.99.9

48.4.7

1.516.212.9

66.66.52.6

40.95.3

220.310.62.74.9

13.65.6

11.588.311.451.66.9

10.11.52.92.28.2

13.414.6

Sept.1994P

21.94.11.42.1

42.8113.992.64.1

18.43.3

16.04.0

16.6

167.35.0

33.924.524.0

14.92.75.92.6

199.611.28.3

35.240.728.515.810.79.7

48.6.8

1.616.112.7

68.26.62.5

40.75.3

216.010.22.64.8

13.35.3

11.387.811.351.36.69.91.42.92.28.0

12.413.2

New York-ContinuedBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNewburghRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro—Winston-Salem—High PointRaleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North DakotaBismarckFargo-MoorheadGrand Forks

OhioAkronCanton-MassillonCincinnatiCleveland-Lorain-ElyriaColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa

OregonEugene-SpringfieldMedford-AshlandPortland-VancouverSalem

PennsylvaniaAllentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburghReadingScranton—Wilkes-Barre—HazletonSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandProvidence-Fall River-Warwick


86





(In thousands)

State and areaSept.1993

90.016.48.29.5

122.1356.3296.9

13.3129.3

13.049.621.244.2

852.521.5

146.9167.479.6

19.92.36.53.3

1,054.962.444.5

144.0218.6

92.494.356.654.6

168.21.53.7

48.854.2

219.819.38.8

125.520.0

941.861.9

9.934.848.012.355.7

315.266.3

130.943.759.49.38.3

13.646.2

87.5110.6

Manufacturing

Aug.1994

89.614.78.59.6

116.9347.6289.5

13.5124.8

12.649.521.243.6

856.921.2

149.0169.779.7

21.12.66.32.9

1,060.462.145.9

142.5218.793.295.658.352.6

169.41.73.7

49.853.8

227.719.69.3

130.021.6

943.861.810.135.147.913.056.2

308.364.4

132.243.660.410.38.9

13.546.2

86.6110.5

Sept.1994P

90.114.78.49.6

116.8349.4291.1

13.5124.7

12.649.120.843.7

857.921.1

149.0169.979.9

21.52.56.53.1

1,065.561.746.3

142.5219.993.095.658.354.1

169.81.73.7

49.954.0

225.019.69.2

129.319.5

940.661.410.334.947.412.956.0

308.765.3

131.443.960.410.38.9

13.646.7

86.8111.1

Transportation and

Sept.1993

26.13.81.51.5.

48.9228.0201.4

6.516.95.6

20.14.2

20.3

157.44.8

52.629.923.7

18.23.34.72.3

215.414.26.1

40.242.431.317.913.18.7

71.62.11.8

21.726.8

66.54.63.1

44.03.5

267.412.65.14.4

20.75.16.8

102.837.864.6

6.715.51.81.91.88.9

14.617.0

Dublic utilities

Aug.1994

25.03.81.51.6

46.2223.0197.8

6.115.85.3

19.44.0

19.2

157.15.0

53.030.223.8

18.43.34.72.3

214.013.86.0

40.742.631.417.712.98.5

71.82.01.7

21.526.6

67.34.93.0

43.93.5

262.412.15.14.6

20.44.36.6

100.338.162.5

6.215.0

1.81.81.88.2

14.116.4

Sept.1994P

25.83.81.51.5

47.9226.7200.8

6.516.35.6

19.54.2

19.6

156.45.0

52.930.123.6

18.63.34.72.4

214.113.75.9

40.942.831.617.513.18.5

71.42.01.7

21.426.5

67.94.93.1

44.43.6

269.712.25.14.7

20.45.07.0

102.237.862.6

6.615.61.91.81.88.7

14.617.1

Wholesale and retail

Sept.1993

131.120.910.311.6

273.4638.6531.429.4

111.221.177.525.782.1

739.522.6

156.1127.7104.9

75.411.325.012.4

1,181.971.441.9

196.5245.3187.9102.472.760.1

290.96.78.4

106.577.0

334.130.517.8

193.626.4

1,144.752.214.927.568.119.948.2

463.6116.8251.2

35.063.410.812.311.837.4

96.6109.0

Aug.1994

133.521.310.113.7

278.5639.1531.830.4

113.321.679.726.781.6

749.923.0

159.0128.3105.2

76.711.724.112.4

1,197.671.442.6

200.2245.3188.9104.073.061.6

299.86.88.6

108.476.9

343.330.317.4

200.426.2

1,170.052.715.127.768.520.250.2

470.0117.5256.8

36.065.311.111.411.937.6

98.2109.9

trade

Sept.1994P

134.021.310.112.6

277.2643.6536.230.3

112.221.579.626.881.8

750.022.8

159.2128.8106.2

76.011.424.312.6

1,191.371.742.4

200.1243.3187.9103.872.961.7

299.36.78.5

108.776.2

341.429.918.7

198.326.6

1,164.152.515.427.267.820.149.0

469.6117.5256.0

35.765.311.012.011.937.3

97.3109.0





OklahomaEnid ,LawtonOklahoma CityTulsa





87




(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

28.64.51.41.7

80.2505.2471.5

6.124.0

5.319.78.1

27.4

140.13.1

41.228.124.5

13.61.95.31.6

260.211.96.7

46.265.760.417.211.210.4

61.61.11.6

26.217.9

94.06.92.9

64.66.7

304.314.01.85.7

22.34.29.2

156.057.760.3

9.011.9

1.52.02.25.0

25.426.8

Aug.1994

28.64.61.51.7

80.5515.9483.5

6.424.7

5.219.88.2

26.2

146.93.2

43.528.425.0

14.12.05.41.6

263.712.56.7

46.968.159.417.511.510.1

62.51.11.8

26.018.1

98.47.42.8

65.76.8

311.014.62.05.8

23.54.39.3

153.857.062.4

9.512.2

1.52.22.25.2

25.327.0

Sept.1994P

28.44.51.51.7

79.9512.8480.5

6.224.2

5.119.68.2

26.2

146.43.1

43.628.324.9

14.02.05.41.6

261.712.46.6

46.767.358.917.311.310.0

62.21.11.7

26.317.9

97.77.42.8

65.36.7

307.314.62.05.7

23.34.39.0

151.356.462.3

9.412.2

1.52.22.25.1

25.026.8

Sept.1993

149.731.710.413.2

323.91,277.11,116.1

29.7143.629.092.432.0

126.5

701.326.8

150.5131.7152.4

78.013.723.812.7

1,299.080.843.2

211.3303.5197.0124.183.159.4

305.76.07.6

121.795.2

334.231.214.5

207.727.5

1,537.375.214.434.080.223.447.3

704.7262.9354.6

35.070.812.111.912.834.8

137.6143.6

Services

Aug.1994

151.431.910.716.0

331.01,295.01,129.3

31.0147.530.589.633.2

129.3

732.628.2

152.8134.3155.7

80.113.424.112.7

1,315.085.143.8

218.1309.9200.7123.484.460.1

316.15.78.3

122.898.0

340.232.015.0

211.927.2

1,564.976.714.734.180.723.948.7

722.7262.0359.8

35.970.512.212.012.935.3

140.6145.9

Sept.1994?

152.032.610.613.7

328.91,304.01,140.5

30.1149.229.392.233.6

128.7

730.726.8

153.2134.7155.7

80.713.324.512.9

1,320.184.343.6

216.9309.7201.7125.884.360.9

316.75.68.4

122.0100.2

344.132.514.8

215.428.0

1,571.177.414.535.180.323.949.2

728.7267.6360.6

35.671.212.811.913.136.4

141.6148.5

Sept.1993

85.221.7

7.09.1

166.3638.9560.5

25.471.919.756.130.254.8

534.314.775.961.7

112.6

66.89.4

15.212.4

722.745.119.2

100.8137.5128.573.945.026.7

265.13.9

11.399.940.4

222.822.8

9.5102.732.3

690.926.7

7.414.567.712.817.2

290.6126.8120.6

17.733.2

5.323.4

6.114.4

59.361.0

Government

Aug.1994

83.020.0

6.68.8

159.7650.2570.324.969.719.455.529.956.6

508.813.375.258.8

109.6

63.29.0

13.411.3

687.539.318.697.5

133.7125.968.939.426.7

253.73.9

12.295.039.2

216.321.0

9.099.530.8

669.826.2

8.313.468.812.915.9

285.2127.8111.5

16.233.2

5.121.2

6.014.0

58.660.5

Sept.1994P

86.321.4

7.09.5

166.4627.0547.3

25.975.719.957.229.756.0

547.915.078.465.4

112.9

67.39.7

14.912.4

731.446.019.4

103.0137.6130.173.845.828.8

269.34.0

12.3101.841.6

227.323.2

9.7102.532.4

700.827.3

8.214.868.913.117.0

296.1130.3118.0

18.034.0

5.323.7

6.214.6

60.662.4





OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa





88





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

1,582.9205.9247.4421.1

322.643.488.4

2,364.8209.8185.3302.3492.6547.4

7,543.450.483.3

457.3149.571.087.161.9

140.11,484.9

225.4618.4

84.21,661.9

83.252.879.5

103.0114.091.439.2

576.337.347.966.832.386.753.7

826.9111.6557.1

259.228.788.1

2,946.734.272.844.494.6

611.3870.1478.1130.3

2,287.91,157.9

658.5120.3110.064.259.4

Aug.1994

1,585.8202.8248.0416.9

334.745.490.3

2,398.5210.8181.6298.8488.2558.5

7,739.949.786.3

468.5150.471.289.559.9

142.61,548.9

226.8634.9

85.01,688.6

86.956.080.1

104.1118.091.639.7

584.537.047.668.232.788.053.7

863.1114.8584.8

255.628.188.6

3,004.334.171.143.895.0

620.1901.8487.7133.7

2,289.61,158.8

674.3122.5109.164.962.2

Sept.1994P

1,599.5205.0250.1425.9

333.744.790.2

2,420.6211.5184.2301.5498.3562.3

7,770.250.586.7

477.8151.971.890.462.4

142.31,549.9

228.1635.0

85.01,686.0

88.156.180.9

105.1118.992.440.4

589.937.848.068.633.091.254.2

878.6120.0589.2

260.829.190.1

3,034.434.673.644.996.6

622.7905.5490.3134.8

2,317.51,176.4

679.9122.5109.465.261.7

Mining

Sept.1993

1.8

(1)(1)(1)

2.5

(1)(1)

4.5

0(1)

.2

(1)(1)

167.21.3

.81.01.01.0

(1).7

2.716.6

(1)4.5

.764.9

(1)2.33.5

.2

.9

13.0.6

1.8

(1).1

1.41.4

(1)1.4

8.4

(1)3.2

.6

(1)

O

12.0(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.5

.7

(1)

3.4.6

23.31.71.8

.41.3

Aug.1994

1.7

(1)(1)(1)

2.3

(1)(1)

4.8

(1)(1)

.5

(1)(1)

161.71.3

.71.01.01.0

(').7

2.717.0

(1)4.6

.865.7

(1)2.73.5-

.1

1.012.4

.61.8

(1).1

1.41.4

(1)1.4

8.2

(1)3.2

.7(1)(1)

11.8(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.6

.7

(1)

3.6.6

29.31.81.8

.42.2

Sept.1994?

1.7

0(1)(1)

2.3

(1)(1)

4.8

(1)(1)

.5

(1)(1)

161.81.3

.71.01.01.0

(1).6

2.716.9

(1)4.5

.765.1

(1)2.73.6

.1

1.012.5

.61.8

(1).1

1.4

1.3

(1)1.4

8.4

(1)3.2

.7

(1)(1)

11.7(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.6

.7

(1)

3.6.6

29.11.81.7

.42.2

Construction

Sept.1993

83.412.012.325.1

14.72.84.6

99.87.88.4

15.118.923.5

355.41.93.5

18.212.8

9.82.72.3

12.556.1

8.425.0

5.1105.9

3.41.93.33.85.04.21.5

25.61.62.12.32.13.81.8

44.26.1

29.7

12.91.44.3

160.01.14.02.05.0

32.547.828.1

7.3

127.862.8

35.87.25.13.42.2

Aug.1994

82.412.212.226.7

16.43.25.2

100.98.28.6

16.219.225.3

381.12.04.0

21.713.210.1

2.72.2

12.663.5

9.328.6

4.9113.8

4.52.03.54.45.14.91.5

27.41.52.52.42.14.21.8

53.87.8

35.9

12.61.34.8

167.31.24.12.25.5

33.752.728.8

7.8

134.465.1

38.27.85.23.52.9

Sept.1994?

82.312.312.127.1

15.03.14.8

101.68.28.6

16.219.425.2

378.51.93.9

21.613.3

9.82.72.2

12.263.0

9.128.2

4.9112.9

4.62.03.54.25.14.81.5

27.21.62.52.42.04.11.9

53.87.6

36.0

12.61.34.7

166.91.14.02.25.5

33.352.828.5

7.8

134.464.3

38.27.75.33.62.8

South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .

South DakotaRapid CitySioux Falls

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San BenitoBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden..

VermontBarre-Montpelier.Burlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .Northern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle-Bellevue-Everett .

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-Ashland ..'.Parkersburg-Marietta.Wheeling


89




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Sept.1993

373.720.726.4

125.7

39.74.5

11.0

532.745.353.750.466.194.1

995.14.09.4

59.225.117.113.23.8

13.6221.5

46.3103.3

8.5179.7

9.21.7

16.77.3

13.56.54.7

46.89.95.9

11.73.2

15.88.0

112.414.471.6

43.53.4

15.8

406.59.97.7

16.626.967.939.161.818.8

344.8203.3

83.210.117.712.96.5

Aug.1994

370.019.826.7

123.7

44.74.6

11.8

540.045.053.350.466.596.0

1,004.53.89.5

62.425.117.113.83.9

13.7222.446.5

101.08.1

178.69.41.9

17.27.7

13.86.45.0

48.09.95.6

11.83.3

16.47.9

116.515.774.1

43.53.6

16.4

402.510.17.9

15.826.765.639.660.118.6

338.8195.3

81.810.016.913.06.0

Sept.1994P

370.719.826.7

123.4

44.74.6

11.8

540.945.053.151.066.796.5

1,005.13.89.7

62.625.017.013.73.9

13.6222.7

46.8101.1

8.0178.0

9.41.9

17.37.7

13.96.35.0

47.89.85.6

11.83.2

16.67.9

117.815.973.9

43.63.5

16.4

403.710.07.9

16.026.765.939.260.018.6

339.3194.8

81.810.016.712.86.0


Sept.1993

66.610.311.317.1

14.81.95.6

128.57.47.9

11.149.132.2

440.12.65.5

14.79.62.63.91.46.5

88.911.557.04.9

112.92.78.33.75.33.74.32.8

26.71.42.23.01.43.52.6

48.32.1

37.9

11.1.8

3.8

150.61.32.41.13.4

29.552.724.5

8.7

117.170.5

39.19.06.62.63.5

Aug.1994

67.710.211.417.4

15.42.05.8

130.97.48.0

11.150.432.7

452.22.75.8

15.09.32.54.01.56.5

96.111.557.95.2

114.92.78.93.65.34.04.32.7

27.71.62.03.11.43.62.6

50.22.2

39.3

11.2.8

3.9

153.71.42.41.23.5

30.152.224.9

8.8

118.671.2

40.29.26.62.53.7

>

Sept.1994P

67.110.111.417.5

15.42.05.7

131.17.48.0

11.250.332.7

453.62.75.8

14.99.32.53.91.56.5

96.411.657.85.1

114.22.78.93.65.34.04.22.7

27.61.62.03.11.43.62.6

50.62.2

39.3

11.2.8

3.8

153.51.42.41.23.5

30.051.924.9

8.8

120.072.3

40.19.36.62.53.9


Sept.1993

355.750.754.996.7

82.913.124.0

542.051.540.975.1

126.1129.6

1,820.513.023.193.433.813.623.113.232.0

370.054.7

156.917.9

391.318.616.020.128.633.223.8

9.3141.2

7.811.517.28.1

19.512.6

194.124.0

133.9

61.06.0

20.9

651.39.2

14.39.2

19.9142.6192.3108.633.6

554.8273.1

151.030.328.316.215.1

Aug.1994

363.451.555.298.3

86.514.324.7

561.153.141.673.8

128.3133.6

1,886.213.024.199.634.514.024.012.633.6

391.054.6

162.718.5

396.719.916.919.928.934.724.5

9.9147.7

7.911.917.68.7

19.912.7

204.626.1

142.3

62.06.1

20.5

681.39.6

14.99.5

20.3146.9202.3113.335.7

560.4284.5

156.331.729.317.015.6

Sept.1994P

361.451.155.598.8

84.813.524.4

563.053.241.573.7

129.2134.3

1,882.712.923.899.234.414.024.313.333.6

388.754.7

161.818.0

394.420.016.820.229.335.324.510.0

146.07.9

11.917.78.4

20.612.8

205.826.3

142.5

61.36.1

20.4

681.09.6

15.29.5

20.5146.1200.2113.235.8

563.0286.0

155.931.629.216.815.4

South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson


TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-BristolKnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San BenitoBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBarre-MontpelierBurlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle-Bellevue-Everett

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-AshlandParkersburg-Marietta.Wheeling


90





(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Services

Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Government

Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson



TexasAbileneAmarilloAustin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San BenitoBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallas ,El PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBarre-MontpelierBurlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke


West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-AshlandParkersburg-MariettaWheeling


66.28.2

18.314.5

17.81.69.1

104.413.55.2

10.425.330.8

430.71.84.1

25.84.61.93.62.36.1

125.78.4

28.55.6

97.83.62.02.74.54.03.71.6

40.12.11.93.31.65.22.2

42.73.1

34.9

12.12.54.4

158.71.13.91.44.2

27.353.840.39.0

122.775.9

25.26.53.82.33.0

67.38.2

18.314.8

18.31.59.4

106.814.05.1

10.825.631.1

441.71.94.2

27.04.81.93.72.56.2

132.68.4

29.45.7

98.73.72.12.74.74.33.51.7

42.22.01.93.31.65.32.2

46.93.4

38.0

12.22.64.5

166.91.14.21.54.5

29.556.442.7

122.774.8

25.66.43.62.33.0

66.48.1

18.214.8

18.21.59.3

106.314.05.1

10.825.631.1

440.51.94.2

27.04.81.93.72.56.0

132.28.4

29.45.6

98.53.72.02.74.74.23.51.6

42.22.01.93.31.65.22.1

47.23.4

38.0

12.02.54.5

166.01.14.21.54.4

29.156.142.68.8

121.874.3

25.56.33.62.23.0

339.650.855.087.0

84.012.524.8

586.051.340.583.3

129.9162.8

1,952.116.020.1

122.739.011.720.312.635.7

419.148.2

157.517.1

480.520.88.9

18.429.021.319.810.8

166.79.4

12.617.98.2

24.114.0

218.445.4

143.1

74.77.5

24.9

813.06.2

17.28.3

23.0168.3311.7114.936.3

591.4305.2

169.834.127.416.018.7

350.752.456.787.2

87.313.225.0

601.252.038.482.7

131.5167.7

2,042.815.621.3

124.240.312.422.013.437.4

440.250.0

168.517.7

496.221.7

9.419.029.122.720.411.1

169.99.3

12.818.78.5

24.014.3

230.344.3

152.2

76.67.6

26.6

850.25.7

17.28.3

22.6177.2328.4119.537.8

603.0310.6

174.433.727.116.119.0

351.052.756.689.1

85.412.824.8

603.351.838.982.3

131.9167.3

2,035.316.220.9

125.039.812.521.713.436.7

438.249.1

165.617.4

493.321.5

9.219.029.222.620.211.2

169.79.7

12.818.78.6

25.614.4

233.348.0

152.1

75.77.6

26.5

855.16.1

17.38.5

23.8176.7330.4119.738.3

605.8311.9

175.833.927.116.819.2

295.953.269.255.0

66.27.09.3

366.933.028.756.777.274.4

1,382.39.8

16.8122.323.613.320.325.631.0

187.047.985.724.4

228.924.911.711.124.332.416.1

7.9127.4

5.111.610.06.3

14.811.1

158.416.5

102.8

43.37.1

14.0

594.65.4

23.35.8

12.2143.2172.299.216.6

425.9166.5

131.121.419.310.49.1

282.648.567.548.8

63.86.68.4

352.831.126.653.366.772.1

1,369.79.4

16.7117.622.212.219.323.129.9

186.146.582.224.1

224.025.012.110.723.932.415.27.2

119.84.8

10.89.95.7

14.610.8

152.615.399.8

36.86.1

11.9

570.65.0

20.45.3

11.9137.1169.697.716.1

408.1156.7

128.521.918.610.19.8

298.950.969.655.2

67.97.29.4

369.631.929.055.875.275.2

1,412.79.8

17.7126.524.313.120.425.031.0

191.848.486.625.3

229.626.212.611.024.632.816.4

7.8127.6

5.211.210.26.5

15.511.1

161.716.6

104.2

43.77.3

13.8

596.55.3

22.66.0

12.2141.6174.3100.716.7

429.6172.2

133.521.919.210.19.2

91



B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Sept.1993

2,441.9175.961.8

117.863.0

' 45.562.1

243.6777.2

76.454.857.0

218.829.4

851.655.163.569.0

531.3

48.6

Aug.1994

2,479.2178.961.6

124.164.344.863.2

246.7785.1

78.656.858.4

217.628.9

882.857.364.173.2

542.6

45.1

Sept.1994P

2,495.1179.763.6

124.764.746.263.9

249.2787.0

79.256.558.3

220.829.3

868.955.763.769.6

538.7

44.3

Mining

Sept.1993

2.5(1)

. (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)0OV)0(1)

18.62.3

.9(1)0)0)

.5

(1)

Aug.1994

2.70(1)V)(1)(1)0)o0)0)0)o

18.42.2

.90)(1)0)

.5

0

Sept.1994P

2.5OO0)(1)0(1)0(1)(1)(1)0)

18.62.3

.9V)(1)0)

.5

(1)

Constructor

Sept.1993

102.310.32.66.12.61.82.1

10.430.0

3.12.22.3

14.01.6

46.61.63.04.9

34.2

5.7

Aug.1994

109.710.22.77.03.11.92.4

11.632.3

3.62.92.3

14.51.7

42.71.32.64.2

31.8

2.3

i

Sept.1994P

109.310.12.77.03.11.92.4

11.632.3

3.72.92.3

14.01.6

42.61.32.74.1

31.1

2.3

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands


92





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Sept.1993

568.156.610.125.618.710.010.926.9

167.123.222.815.8

9.71.6

148.814.419.212.166.2

2.8

Aug.1994

585.659.010.426.319.19.9

11.628.3

171.024.124.216.0

10.01.6

149.913.618.711.468.2

2.9

Sept.1994P

581.458.510.325.819.29.9

11.528.1

171.524.623.815.7

10.21.6

150.913.519.311.168.2

2.9

Transportation andf

Sept.1993

115.46.93.38.62.51.62.88.2

37.32.51.83.7

14.81.6

20.5.5.5

1.715.6

2.7

public utilities

Aug.1994

112.17.03.29.02.41.72.87.7

36.42.51.73.9

14.41.5

21.1.5.5

1.814.3

2.6

5

Sept.1994?

115.57.03.49.02.51.82.78.0

37.62.61.84.0

14.31.6

20.8.6.4

1.814.1

2.6


Sept.1993

558.337.617.028.014.712.917.053.0

170.216.69.9

13.5

50.38.4

165.612.210.312.1

110.4

11.0

Aug.1994

573.737.217.329.514.913.216.754.4

174.116.810.014.3

52.48.4

165.812.610.111.7

110.1

10.5

Sept.1994P

568.037.717.529.414.813.316.955.0

171.116.59.9

14.0

51.08.4

168.312.610.211.9

112.0

10.4

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ..Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper


Virgin Islands


93




(In thousands)

State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Services

Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Government

Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ...Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper


Virgin islands

131.68.72.27.81.91.52.2

21.053.02.52.14.4

7.81.2

38.81.41.51.8

30.7

2.2

134.79.02.18.12.01.32.4

21.054.82.42.04.5

7.91.1

40.01.61.51.9

31.6

2.0

133.68.92.18.02.01.32.4

20.854.42.42.04.5

7.81.1

40.21.61.51.9

31.8

2.0

606.037.415.029.714.610.818.256.9

231.819.910.510.7

45.97.4

149.79.59.3

13.4101.5

10.5

626.638.815.832.415.210.819.059.5

235.620.510.411.0

48.97.4

147.79.19.2

13.8100.1

10.4

623.338.515.833.015.011.019.259.4

234.420.610.410.8

46.77.3

152.99.49.5

14.2103.1

10.4

357.618.411.611.97.96.98.9

67.187.98.75.66.6

57.75.3

280.715.519.723.0

172.2

13.7

334.217.810.011.97.65.98.3

64.180.9

8.75.66.3

51.15.0

314.718.621.528.4

186.0

14.4

361.519.011.812.58.17.18.9

66.385.6

8.95.87.0

58.25.4

292.316.720.124.6

177.9

13.7

Combined with construction.Not available.= preliminary.

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1993 benchmarks.

94


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailedindustry

Industry1987SIC

Code

Average weekly hours

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Average overtime hours

Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Total private

Mining

Metal miningIron oresCopper ores


Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum and natural gasOil and gas field services .....

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction



Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting and paper hanging ...Electrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentry and floor workRoofing, siding, and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods


Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ...








10101102

12122

13131138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

34.5

44.5

43.742.546.6

44.444.5

43.742.344.5

47.248.5

38.3

37.437.338.237.5

42.244.341.0

37.638.836.538.534.935.934.8

41.5

42.1

41.341.942.642.941.440.740.640.740.541.139.540.841.140.7

40.239.639.639.140.841.539.341.841.841.2

34.6

45.5

42.944.544.0

45.645.9

45.443.846.3

47.249.0

39.3

38.437.738.539.1

43.244.742.4

38.539.836.639.835.836.635.6

41.8

42.5

41.441.442.342.741.041.241.041.141.641.439.841.641.640.6

40.740.040.039.842.338.942.041.641.742.1

34.9

45.1

43.644.745.8

45.345.4

44.241.146.1

48.049.8

39.7

38.737.639.239.8

44.346.643.1

38.939.937.740.236.436.536.4

42.0

42.7

41.641.442.743.240.741.440.541.942.243.039.942.142.040.4

40.739.740.238.440.441.242.042.842.840.5

34.8

45.5

44.544.447.5

45.445.4

44.843.245.7

48.049.7

39.9

38.837.638.739.8

44.746.943.5

39.139.637.840.036.736.536.6

42.4

43.1

41.541.142.643.240.541.340.940.942.642.940.341.641.940.9

41.140.240.239.640.541.643.042.143.340.7

35.0

45.7

39.4

42.3

43.1

41.6

41.1

4.5

4.5

4.46.05.05.33,93.93.53.74.44.63.44.24.43.7

3.52.92.82.33.64.84.13.95.13.4

4.5

4.7

4.56.15.25.53.84.13.64.24.34.83.54.14.23.5

3.53.13.12.94.12.94.13.74.93.5

4.8

5.1

4.86.75.25.73.74.53.44.84.75.83.64.74.63.7

3.72.82.82.03.74.44.25.26.03.1

5.1

5.4

4.86.75.15.63.64.43.64.44.95.94.14.95.03.8

3.93.12.92.64.04.84.35.06.13.4

5.0

5.3

96


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS


B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Total private

Mining

Metal miningIron oresCopper ores


Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum and natural gasOil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction



Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting and paper hangingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentry and floor workRoofing, siding, and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods


Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ..








10101102

12122

13131138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

$10.91

14.54

15.4516.7814.15

17.1017.30

14.1017.2812.35

12.9312.20

14.52

13.7012.6813.3214.67

14.4114.5514.34

14.8415.1313.6115.9015.0514.6512.97

11.85

12.44

9.7311.649.81

10.188.299.72

10.039.018.49

11.677.119.459.499.19

9.408.868.329.518.939.41

10.069.59

10.799.58

$10.94

14.47

15.4416.5514.15

17.0917.29

14.0217.4012.18

12.8612.27

14.55

13.7712.6813.3614.75

14.4814.6214.40

14.8515.1313.8215.9914.9114.4812.99

11.80

12.40

9.7111.539.86

10.228.349.72

10.059.088.38

11.527.149.499.569.05

9.408.858.299.638.799.19

10.249.61

10.679.67

$11.04

14.69

16.0317.5214.18

17.4617.65

13.8717.9311.67

13.1512.68

14.76

13.9212.7313.3615.02

14.6514.8214.56

15.0915.3313.7316.3815.1815.0213.29

12.01

12.62

9.8611.5810.0310.378.649.91

10.199.218.68

11.887.429.679.719.19

9.579.038.479.798.989.56

10.349.63

10.849.69

$11.21

14.91

16.5218.9314.32

17.6217.83

14.1418.4111.77

13.2312.66

14.94

14.1412.9913.4115.19

14.8614.9614.80

15.2315.4313.8916.4615.2915.1213.25

12.14

12.76

9.9311.7010.1010.448.709.98

10.239.308.64

11.977.559.839.889.21

9.709.138.559.928.939.64

10.519.95

11.009.74

$11.26

14.89

15.00

12.11

12.71

9.98

9.71

$376.40

647.03

675.17713.15659.39

759.24769.85

616.17730.94549.58

610.30591.70

556.12

512.38472.96508.82550.13

608.10644.57587.94

557.98587.04496.77612.15525.25525.94451.36

491.78

523.72

401.85487.72417.91436.72343.21395.60407.22366.71343.85479.64280.85385.56390.04374.03

377.88350.86329.47371.84364.34390.52395.36400.86451.02394.70

$378.52

658.39

662.38736.48622.60

779.30793.61

636.51762.12563.93

606.99601.23

571.82

528.77478.04514.36576.73

625.54653.51610.56

571.73602.17505.81636.40533.78529.97462.44

493.24

527.00

401.99477.34417.08436.39341.94400.46412.05373.19348.61476.93284.17394.78397.70367.43

382.58354.00331.60383.27371.82357.49430.08399.78444.94407.11

$385.30

662.52

698.91783.14649.44

790.94801.31

613.05736.92537.99

631.20631.46

585.97

538.70478.65523.71597.80

649.00690.61627.54

587.00611.67517.62658.48552.55548.23483.76

504.42

538.87

410.18479.41428.28447.98351.65410.27412.70385.90366.30510.84296.06407.11407.82371.28

389.50358.49340.49375.94362.79393.87434.28412.16463.95392.45

$390.11

678.41

735.14840.49680.20

799.95809.48

633.47795.31537.89

635.04629.20

596.11

548.63488.42518.97604.56

664.24701.62643.80

595.49611.03525.04658.40561.14551.88484.95

514.74

549.96

412.10480.87430.26451.01352.35412.17418.41380.37368.06513.51304.27408.93413.97376.69

398.67367.03343.71392.83361.67401.02451.93418.90476.30396.42

$394.10

680.47

591.00

512.25

547.80

415.17

399.08

97




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products

Flat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products










Plumbing and heating, except electric ...Plumbing fixture fittings and trimHeating equipment, except electric






Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products


323213223221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363365

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

43.347.942.943.242.742.343.840.540.644.746.343.944.643.243.239.9

43.744.344.842.644.345.241.642.343.742.543.543.544.543.441.340.6

41.744.243.9"40.740.640.641.140.341.541.442.040.441.940.941.041.641.541.843.342.344.541.940.139.840.741.440.941.841.341.5

43.547.342.243.141.442.942.241.641.145.247.044.445.142.943.642.0

43.743.643.843.145.146.043.743.742.141.443.743.345.543.042.142.1

42.643.543.442.041.742.042.341.442.942.143.041.442.441.441.542.141.642.744.542.845.943.141.340.942.041.340.742.542.442.2

44.048.743.144.042.443.241.942.040.846.246.644.547.042.342.441.1

44.545.145.543.845.246.047.142.942.542.244.745.045.343.942.641.2

42.844.143.642.442.442.142.241.742.942.443.641.441.942.042.342.942.743.144.643.046.142.941.541.441.742.341.842.742.041.9

44.250.042.543.741.544.043.142.240.846.446.745.146.942.843.240.7

44.945.646.144.445.646.346.044.343.442.645.145.147.244.343.242.6

43.244.744.542.942.942.742.640.844.342.543.241.943.041.742.243.142.843.445.242.447.343.141.941.842.143.643.742.742.241.8

44.1

44.845.6

43.2

5.89.25.36.83.94.14.53.84.37.47.95.97.95.13.96.0

5.95.96.24.76.37.18.14.65.75.06.77.37.96.34.44.5

4.56.46.53.63.04.04.02.44.44.55.14.04.84.03.74.64.35.05.54.86.54.33.63.24.33.42.44.23.73.8

5.89.14.45.63.34.14.03.94.78.08.46.58.64.94.05.6

5.85.65.84.96.67.58.34.94.94.66.37.37.65.64.54.4

4.75.96.14.14.04.14.63.15.34.75.24.05.04.24.34.84.55.25.84.86.64.83.93.64.53.73.04.54.83.9

6.410.14.75.93.74.14.05.04.48.98.97.2

10.04.94.03.6

6.76.97.25.78.09.27.26.05.45.47.08.17.36.25.34.7

5.17.26.94.54.44.44.43.84.95.16.24.44.64.75.15.55.25.86.15.66.95.04.44.24.84.73.34.75.04.1

6.59.64.75.83.84.74.45.14.38.98.87.39.95.24.22.3

6.97.17.56.27.78.97.95.95.55.37.38.57.76.45.45.3

5.47.37.14.94.94.85.03.56.35.15.84.65.34.64.75.85.56.16.75.28.15.24.84.55.45.33.94.84.44.2

98





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products

Flat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products










Plumbing and heating, except electricPlumbing fixture fittings and trimHeating equipment, except electric






Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products


323213223221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363365

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

$12.0318.4213.5614.1313.0310.2515.4210.4710.4111.5110.7410.3612.1212.5410.7014.02

14.2016.5717.7412.7612.7813.3314.9811.7315.4815.6613.3913.1016.2213.3511.3410.94

11.8115.3516.4411.6510.9811.7110.6710.0610.8110.9610.789.24

12.5111.1810.1411.5610.7912.4314.3013.6516.5311.269.699.749.60

13.7814.1310.9511.329.71

$11.9217.9513.4013.8212.9910.1315.1910.3910.3911.5110.8210.3412.1912.3610.7214.18

14.0016.4217.6212.6912.6613.2313.7211.7115.4315.6713.0812.8715.4613.1211.2710.64

11.7415.1316.1911.7911.1111.8410.6210.0010.8210.9110.799.16

12.4311.1010.3611.6010.8512.4314.0613.5416.0911.219.579.669.43

13.5013.6410.9611.359.76

$12.1718.5313.6614.2113.1710.5015.4110.8510.5311.8311.1610.5312.5512.4810.7714.95

14.3316.9618.2413.2713.2014.0414.4111.9015.6115.6513.2813.2015.5713.3211.3610.65

11.8715.5316.6111.8211.0811.8410.579.85

10.9711.0111.179.27

12.3511.2810.1211.6610.9612.4614.2313.8116.3911.219.799.769.85

14.0214.5811.1711.539.87

$12.2619.3613.6314.2413.1010.6015.8310.8010.6411.8911.2210.5712.6512.6110.8815.28

14.3316.8618.0713.3813.3314.1814.8011.9715.6215.7513.3513.2415.4213.3511.3110.68

12.0015.6116.7011.8711.0711.9410.619.88

10.9811.0711.189.35

12.4111.3010.2811.8111.0912.6214.4813.8316.7311.259.979.91

10.0714.1014.4911.2711.4710.05

$12.23

14.2716.84

11.92

$520.90882.32581.72610.42556.38433.58675.40424.04422.65514.50497.26454.80540.55541.73462.24559.40

620.54734.05794.75543.58566.15602.52623.17496.18676.48665.55582.47569.85721.79579.39468.34444.16

492.48678.47721.72474.16445.79475.43438.54405.42448.62453.74452.76373.30524.17457.26415.74480.90447.79519.57619.19577.40735.59471.79388.57387.65390.72570.49577.92457.71467.52402.97

$518.52849.04565.48595.64537.79434.58641.02432.22427.03520.25508.54459.10549.77530.24467.39595.56

611.80715.91771.76546.94570.97608.58599.56511.73649.60648.74571.60557.27703.43564.16474.47447.94

500.12658.16702.65495.18463.29497.28449.23414.00464.18459.31463.97379.22527.03459.54429.94488.36451.36530.76625.67579.51738.53483.15395.24395.09396.06557.55555.15465.80481.24411.87

$535.48902.41588.75625.24558.41453.60645.68455.70429.62546.55520.06468.59589.85527.90456.65614.45

637.69764.90829.92581.23596.64645.84678.71510.51663.43660.43593.62594.00705.32584.75483.94438.78

508.04684.87724.20501.17469.79498.46446.05410.75470.61466.82487.01383.78517.47473.76428.08500.21467.99537.03634.66593.83755.58480.91406.29404.06410.75593.05609.44476.96484.26413.55

$541.89968.00579.28622.29543.65466.40682.27455.76434.11551.70523.97476.71593.29539.71470.02621.90

643.42768.82833.03594.07607.85656.53680.80530.27677.91670.95602.09597.12727.82591.41488.59454.97

518.40697.77743.15509.22474.90509.84451.99403.10486.41470.48482.98391.77533.63471.21433.82509.01474.65547.71654.50586.39791.33484.88417.74414.24423.95614.76633.21481.23484.03420.09

$539.34

639.30767.90

514.94

99




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedIndustrial machinery and equipment

Engines and turbinesTurbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee




Special industry machineryTextile machineryPrinting trades machineryFood products machinery






Electronic and other electrical equipmentElectric distribution equipment










3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

36361361236133623621362536336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

42.644.845.444.541.542.943.743.542.146.843.741.742.842.543.443.341.942.442.541.542.342.442.343.442.142.140.743.342.242.243.1

42.042.142.542.242.442.2

41.741.141.440.841.741.940.840.841.640.841.541.444.340.241.640.141.240.243.244.141.241.642.240.442.944.843.3

43.245.044.345.342.743.444.143.842.348.442.441.743.543.245.644.142.341.942.740.741.643.043.043.743.442.942.741.643.242.042.5

42.643.343.942.842.542.8

42.142.342.342.242.643.041.741.941.044.543.642.044.440.542.540.441.341.343.144.241.241.741.640.943.345.143.6

43.143.941.944.741.942.043.442.043.846.642.743.043.944.743.944.143.443.342.941.842.042.743.643.944.944.143.642.243.241.942.7

39.642.743.043.042.943.1

42.040.940.341.741.942.440.542.245.042.941.042.245.540.843.739.141.641.242.343.641.642.741.841.443.145.343.7

43.744.342.744.943.143.643.541.943.746.643.543.044.345.144.944.543.742.743.441.342.843.643.943.945.745.043.742.943.343.044.5

41.744.245.343.543.243.6

42.241.341.341.343.043.342.341.442.541.941.842.245.340.942.738.642.241.542.343.741.742.842.341.243.844.944.4

43.8

42.4

4.85.67.64.74.55.25.04.54.86.46.04.15.34.64.66.03.84.85.03.75.64.94.55.05.33.83.55.44.63.53.8

3.94.75.24.85.14.8

4.04.04.23.83.43.53.03.32.82.24.43.84.53.13.83.64.33.64.13.94.14.84.93.45.16.85.1

4.95.87.05.24.44.84.84.05.17.04.84.25.74.96.06.54.14.24.93.44.65.34.75.25.64.74.24.94.03.73.7

4.95.05.44.94.85.0

4.14.14.23.83.94.13.43.52.04.95.04.04.53.23.63.54.84.04.04.34.04.14.73.45.06.15.2

5.45.74.46.24.44.95.75.35.07.55.75.16.16.46.06.74.94.95.33.85.05.05.55.27.45.25.25.75.63.63.6

3.55.55.85.56.25.5

4.44.13.74.54.44.83.44.45.36.33.74.35.53.94.23.04.94.14.04.44.34.64.63.95.27.25.3

5.55.55.35.64.75.25.44.65.37.06.14.96.36.56.76.95.14.55.63.95.25.75.75.57.75.75.16.25.63.83.9

3.75.56.05.76.35.8

4.54.24.34.14.75.04.24.04.15.64.54.45.04.14.02.55.74.43.84.14.54.85.04.25.67.25.7

100





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedIndustrial machinery and equipment

Engines and turbinesTurbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee




Special industry machineryTextile machineryPrinting trades machineryFood products machinery






Electronic and other electrical equipmentElectric distribution equipment










3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

36361361236133623621362536336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

$12.8316.2017.0915.8112.3213.1913.0214.4413.3612.1211.9311.2813.4313.6513.5314.0611.7211.0313.2711.3415.1812.9712.6013.6013.9212.6110.5213.5412.5512.6813.73

12.6511.4911.6112.2213.2311.90

11.3211.2710.9011.6710.739.90

12.2210.4211.4012.508.35

10.9211.6510.8310.658.32

11.1311.6411.7612.7211.2913.4014.529.53

12.8114.5113.28

$12.8216.2817.0715.9512.2113.1813.0314.4513.3512.1411.8111.3313.4613.6313.6714.0711.8411.0713.2311.3714.9612.8412.5913.7713.7212.7410.5413.5012.5112.5513.54

12.5711.5311.6812.1913.2011.88

11.2911.1510.7511.5810.719.91

12.1810.4111.3112.688.38

10.9111.5610.8710.548.28

11.0511.6311.9612.9911.2313.1514.529.50

12.6714.2013.25

$12.9116.2517.3515.8012.2813.0912.7113.7613.5211.8012.1911.3713.5713.9313.6714.1111.9311.2513.4111.5515.4213.0212.7013.6414.2712.9910.4913.4212.6513.1014.18

12.8811.5611.6912.4313.3212.13

11.5311.2310.6611.8510.8610.1412.4011.0611.4413.738.79

11.1911.6911.1810.468.52

11.4311.9812.4914.1211.2913.6014.309.63

12.8614.4213.30

$13.0216.2117.7215.6112.8513.7712.7013.6613.6811.8912.1111.4713.6914.0013.8014.2711.9811.3313.4811.5515.4313.1112.8313.9014.3313.4010.6313.6412.6913.3514.65

12.9811.6111.7612.4513.4812.15

11.5911.3210.7112.0010.9910.2712.5511.0411.5514.058.86

11.2911.9411.1610.508.36

11.6212.3012.4914.0011.3613.6414.369.71

12.8614.2413.36

$13.00

11.55

$546.56725.76775.89703.55511.28565.85568.97628.14562.46567.22521.34470.38574.80580.13587.20608.80491.07467.67563.98470.61642.11549.93532.98590.24586.03530.88428.16586.28529.61535.10591.76

531.30483.73493.43515.68560.95502.18

472.04463.20451.26476.14447.44414.81498.58425.14474.24510.00346.53452.09516.10435.37443.04333.63458.56467.93508.03560.95465.15557.44612.74385.01549.55650.05575.02

$553.82732.60756.20722.54521.37572.01574.62632.91564.71587.58500.74472.46585.51588.82623.35620.49500.83463.83564.92462.76622.34552.12541.37601.75595.45546.55450.06561.60540.43527.10575.45

535.48499.25512.75521.73561.00508.46

475.31471.65454.73488.68456.25426.13507.91436.18463.71564.26365.37458.22513.26440.24447.95334.51456.37480.32515.48574.16462.68548.36604.03388.55548.61640.42577.70

$556.42713.38726.97706.26514.53549.78551.61577.92592.18549.88520.51488.91595.72622.67600.11622.25517.76487.13575.29482.79647.64555.95553.72598.80640.72572.86457.36566.32546.48548.89605.49

510.05493.61502.67534.49571.43522.80

484.26459.31429.60494.15455.03429.94502.20466.73514.80589.02360.39472.22531.90456.14457.10333.13475.49493.58528.33615.63469.66580.72597.74398.68554.27653.23581.21

$568.97718.10756.64700.89553.84600.37552.45572.35597.82554.07526.79493.21606.47631.40619.62635.02523.53483.79585.03477.02660.40571.60563.24610.21654.88603.00464.53585.16549.48574.05651.93

541.27513.16532.73541.58582.34529.74

489.10467.52442.32495.60472.57444.69530.87457.06490.88588.70370.35476.44540.88456.44448.35322.70490.36510.45528.33611.80473.71583.79607.43400.05563.27639.38593.18

$569.40

489.72

101




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers


Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairing .'.Boat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMisc. transportation equipment





Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts ......



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee ,




Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsMeat products

Meat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry slaughtering and processing

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk ;..

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialties ....Canned fruits and vegetables ...Frozen fruits and vegetables



3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

202012011201320152022022202620320322033203720420412048

43.144.645.244.044.542.641.641.243.241.239.840.139.242.141.642.640.439.1

40.940.641.140.641.441.740.841.140.539.841.942.9

39.938.738.039.940.038.940.840.240.140.040.240.9

40.9

41.440.842.242.639.342.241.243.141.646.342.639.745.347.543.2

43.845.445.943.845.542.641.841.343.541.540.540.640.342.442.042.340.639.9

41.040.641.241.341.041.541.141.740.739.341.342.6

40.239.639.339.240.439.740.840.740.340.540.441.2

40.9

41.440.641.642.439.441.640.442.641.745.541.941.045.447.743.7

44.045.646.743.645.343.441.840.742.742.941.041.540.246.841.842.139.338.6

41.540.142.442.843.242.141.141.041.239.342.843.0

39.938.238.240.340.139.340.639.339.238.540.541.4

41.1

41.841.542.642.940.341.740.442.242.442.843.940.345.545.844.5

44.846.548.143.146.143.242.541.543.943.141.341.840.446.442.242.939.038.9

41.840.842.543.642.841.941.240.741.739.243.842.5

40.138.638.441.140.239.340.740.340.440.540.441.4

41.4

42.342.144.744.139.942.541.043.543.044.544.140.846.247.045.7

44.445.8

41.8

40.5

41.3

41.7

5.16.36.45.96.55.14.13.85.03.92.32.22.53.53.13.53.32.2

2.82.22.63.42.22.22.93.02.72.84.53.2

3.12.52.41.83.02.83.13.03.43.73.53.7

4.5

5.44.45.35.83.35.04.65.26.57.27.55.18.17.86.8

5.56.87.46.06.84.84.34.05.14.12.52.33.03.93.23.43.12.4

2.92.12.73.32.22.33.23.53.02.04.23.5

3.43.73.82.23.23.13.32.64.65.93.63.9

4.3

5.14.34.95.33.64.33.94.35.86.75.95.57.98.37.0

6.07.38.05.97.25.04.64.35.24.73.12.83.46.43.53.72.72.2

3.32.33.44.33.22.63.22.93.42.45.04.4

3.12.32.32.63.22.83.42.33.02.63.43.9

4.5

5.65.05.26.04.44.84.04.96.75.98.35.17.46.86.5

6.68.19.54.77.85.04.94.35.85.13.33.23.56.24.14.42.92.5

3.62.93.54.53.32.43.53.23.72.56.24.2

3.52.82.73.23.63.53.62.84.04.63.84.2

4.8

5.85.56.96.04.55.14.85.67.28.28.55.37.98.07.5

4.6

102





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers


Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMisc. transportation equipment





Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee




Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsMeat products

Meat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry slaughtering and processing

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables



3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

202012011201320152022022202620320322033203720420412048

$15.9816.3419.5614.5714.999.74

17.35

$16.9615.7912.3813.499.87

14.9617.10

$11.2211.11

12.3316.4312.1810.8811.6713.3010.9010.7210.228.89

14.888.39

9.429.639.559.378.868.599.02

10.468.177.279.84

10.20

11.09

10.518.629.40

10.127.55

11.8010.5912.569.94

13.249.958.89

12.7810.5910.31

$15.9916.3319.7914.3514.869.80

17.47(2)

$16.9015.9912.3213.449.83

14.9517.10(2)

$11.1410.88

12.3216.5512.1810.8811.7413.3310.8910.7210.248.88

14.758.24

9.419.739.649.528.788.518.95

10.308.257.399.85

10.26

11.02

10.388.559.309.937.54

11.6810.4412.389.78

12.999.738.90

12.5810.4310.30

$16.4516.9120.6014.8715.349.92

18.04

$17.2516.0812.3413.729.87

15.8717.63

$10.6610.68

12.4716.8612.2510.8211.7113.6711.1310.7210.629.42

15.098.59

9.629.929.839.439.148.809.33

10.618.247.079.98

10.20

11.20

10.608.729.44

10.087.76

12.0410.8112.7210.0013.3510.288.74

13.2011.1810.52

$16.7217.2621.0114.5115.609.94

18.09

$17.3916.1112.4813.979.80

15.7917.74

$11.1111.11

12.5417.0712.2910.9311.7413.7411.1610.8610.509.38

15.228.53

9.709.899.839.539.218.909.38

10.688.337.21

10.1210.50

11.31

10.648.829.53

10.087.86

12.1911.1112.829.95

13.4510.068.72

13.2211.4110.43

$16.5717.01

12.54

9.72

11.31

10.65

$688.74728.76884.11641.08667.06414.92721.76

$732.67650.55492.72540.95386.90629.82711.36

$453.29434.40

504.30667.06500.60441.73483.14554.61444.72440.59413.91353.82623.47359.93

375.86372.68362.90373.86354.40334.15368.02420.49327.62290.80395.57417.18

453.58

435.11351.70396.68431.11296.72497.96436.31541.34413.50613.01423.87352.93578.93503.03445.39

$700.36741.38908.36628.53676.13417.48730.25

$735.15663.59498.96545.66396.15633.88718.20

$452.28434.11

505.12671.93501.82449.34481.34553.20447.58447.02416.77348.98609.18351.02

378.28385.31378.85373.18354.71337.85365.16419.21332.48299.30397.94422.71

450.72

429.73347.13386.88421.03297.08485.89421.78527.39407.83591.05407.69364.90571.13497.51450.11

$723.80771.10962.02648.33694.90430.53754.07

$736.58689.83505.94569.38396.77742.72736.93

$418.94412.25

517.51676.09519.40463.10505.87575.51457.44439.52437.54370.21645.85369.37

383.84378.94375.51380.03366.51345.84378.80416.97323.01272.20404.19422.28

460.32

443.08361.88402.14432.43312.73502.07436.72536.78424.00571.38451.29352.22600.60512.04468.14

$749.06802.59

1,010.58625.38719.16429.41768.83

$763.42694.34515.42583.95395.92732.66748.63

$433.29432.18

524.17696.46522.33476.55502.47575.71459.79442.00437.85367.70666.64362.53

388.97381.75377.47391.68370.24349.77381.77430.40336.53292.01408.85434.70

468.23

450.07371.32425.99444.53313.61518.08455.51557.67427.85598.53443.65355.78610.76536.27476.65

$735.71779.06

524.17

393.66

467.10

444.11

103




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued











Carpets and rugsYarn and thread mills










Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard mills


2052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263

40.339.6

41.640.647.247.839.739.443.941.942.142.140.8

38.136.5

41.942.941.945.239.640.039.839.240.238.839.843.344.940.744.041.742.039.644.2

36.936.136.434.736.036.835.535.336.035.935.337.938.336.236.636.237.039.638.740.240.1

44.146.246.3

40.139.5

41.442.250.146.345.340.044.541.142.140.840.7

38.736.4

41.742.142.243.038.739.939.439.739.640.239.743.745.341.944.341.441.639.143.7

37.236.836.735.336.137.335.535.535.935.035.538.638.738.337.036.837.439.839.040.440.0

44.045.845.9

40.239.3

42.041.246.247.442.239.944.141.944.941.941.0

39.440.2

41.942.842.041.040.540.739.439.740.539.342.443.744.841.942.941.942.339.042.5

37.937.038.037.637.337.936.335.636.535.636.638.438.637.637.737.537.639.938.039.141.2

43.945.245.7

40.439.4

42.341.246.750.439.539.944.542.845.842.041.2

41.241.8

42.142.941.643.040.541.141.039.941.140.442.043.144.341.943.641.541.938.543.1

37.836.138.137.337.537.835.936.636.235.235.938.138.238.038.838.538.040.138.739.941.6

44.445.946.1

42.3

41.8

38.0

44.5

4.84.6

5.24.78.410.96.23.86.76.08.05.05.2

2.11.5

4.86.74.77.62.93.33.43.53.01.63.55.76.54.46.74.54.63.65.4

1.91.21.5.91.71.31.51.12.11.61.31.91.91.81.91.81.93.52.74.03.7

6.27.57.9

4.84.5

5.34.89.88.57.43.37.34.86.93.85.0

2.01.4

4.75.94.75.92.23.43.43.92.82.03.86.26.95.36.64.34.43.35.4

2.01.31.51.21.51.41.5.9

2.31.41.42.32.32.41.71.42.03.73.14.24.3

5.76.37.5

4.64.4

5.04.56.57.53.64.16.25.67.95.45.7

4.65.9

4.86.24.94.83.63.62.93.53.21.74.96.57.05.85.74.74.93.44.8

2.21.42.01.72.01.71.71.02.11.71.82.32.22.82.12.11.93.51.63.24.4

5.96.07.6

4.84.5

5.44.67.010.34.63.96.75.57.64.55.3

4.65.9

4.96.44.75.23.54.03.43.83.72.65.55.76.54.96.34.54.73.15.2

2.31.12.11.42.11.91.61.32.21.41.62.52.42.92.72.42.13.92.33.94.9

6.36.68.2

104





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

$475.16457.45

510.72484.10501.27749.39574.34426.13504.50628.50915.51507.41385.40

730.48

Sept.1994P

$475.51461.37

502.95475.86509.96805.39508.37419.75504.19642.86942.11498.96390.99

761.79

Oct.1994P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued











Carpets and rugsYarn and thread mills










Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard mills


2052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263

$11.7611.66

11.9411.4010.8316.2912.4910.3611.1214.8620.5412.099.58

16.1321.35

8.969.409.869.538.268.127.717.867.758.039.079.179.069.629.038.678.619.1310.45

7.157.716.756.766.636.456.796.357.407.296.596.916.717.806.406.347.008.257.287.4510.27

13.6717.0417.14

$11.6411.51

11.8610.7610.1816.3110.359.96

10.9714.7620.1412.009.61

15.8421.32

8.959.389.829.428.178.147.667.907.768.079.129.269.119.768.968.668.619.00

10.47

7.147.896.726.726.566.426.786.287.407.236.606.926.757.646.426.326.998.197.377.529.97

13.5516.8717.00

$11.8211.64

12.1611.7510.8515.8113.6110.6811.4415.0020.3912.119.40

18.5423.64

9.139.53

10.139.488.428.337.888.057.788.429.259.479.24

10.009.058.928.889.40

10.40

7.357.876.996.946.876.696.946.447.527.536.786.956.717.976.586.446.958.537.197.74

10.99

13.7917.0717.29

$11.7711.71

11.8911.5510.9215.9812.8710.5211.3315.0220.5711.889.49

18.4924.28

9.219.72

10.159.588.448.407.948.167.838.589.369.439.219.949.178.968.959.32

10.64

7.437.977.046.966.956.737.036.577.597.556.877.026.817.876.586.496.988.647.357.80

11.22

13.9617.3417.92

$18.49

9.21

7.41

13.87

$473.93461.74

496.70462.84511.18778.66495.85408.18488.17622.63864.73508.99390.86

614.55779.28

375.42403.26413.13430.76327.10324.80306.86308.11311.55311.56360.99397.06406.79391.53397.32361.54361.62361.55461.89

263.84278.33245.70234.57238.68237.36241.05224.16266.40261.71232.63261.89256.99282.36234.24229.51259.00326.70281.74299.49411.83

602.85787.25793.58

$466.76454.65

491.00454.07510.02755.15468.86398.40488.17606.64847.89489.60391.13

613.01776.05

373.22394.90414.40405.06316.18324.79301.80313.63307.30324.41362.06404.66412.68408.94396.93358.52358.18351.90457.54

265.61290.35246.62237.22236.82239.47240.69222.94265.66253.05234.30267.11261.23292.61237.54232.58261.43325.96287.43303.81398.80

596.20772.65780.30

$782.13950.33 |1,014.90 |

382.55407.88425.46388.68341.01339.03310.47319.59315.09330.91392.20413.84413.95419.00388.25373.75375.62366.60442.00

278.57291.19265.62260.94256.25253.55251.92229.26274.48268.07248.15266.88259.01299.67248.07241.50261.32340.35273.22302.63452.79

605.38771.56790.15

387.74416.99422.24411.94341.82345.24325.54325.58321.81346.63393.12406.43408.00416.49399.81371.84375.01358.82458.58

280.85287.72268.22259.61260.63254.39252.38240.46274.76265.76246.63267.46260.14299.06255.30249.87265.24346.46284.45311.22466.75

619.82795.91826.11

384.98

281.58

617.22

105




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPaper and allied products—Continued

Paperboard containers and boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes


















Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber




Railroad transportation:Class I railroads3


265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

3131131431433144316317

4011

43.444.242.243.442.442.743.241.2

38.733.238.040.538.442.836.640.540.539.941.339.739.7

43.443.943.244.945.944.441.541.241.543.041.340.842.446.446.246.445.942.8

44.143.746.2

41.644.038.540.741.940.741.7

38.440.738.037.937.437.338.4

39.8

45.7

44.044.942.543.842.142.142.140.8

38.633.038.140.539.341.937.040.340.239.741.839.439.6

43.143.843.444.245.343.041.541.242.042.741.442.041.845.345.545.245.042.6

45.846.046.3

41.943.242.040.842.241.641.9

38.741.737.937.638.138.639.7

39.9

47.4

44.345.243.543.942.143.141.341.8

38.732.837.641.240.841.637.140.340.040.541.539.939.7

42.944.443.843.744.343.041.040.640.840.840.641.043.045.245.845.145.243.2

43.542.646.6

42.143.942.142.243.941.641.9

38.643.537.838.037.739.837.2

40.2

46.7

44.845.542.645.142.543.241.741.4

39.133.038.042.040.643.437.140.940.740.841.940.040.1

43.044.143.544.045.043.241.340.940.441.040.440.043.145.345.845.245.843.0

46.446.946.1

42.344.038.542.444.442.142.2

38.843.337.837.838.139.838.7

40.1

46.3

39.1

43.4

46.8

42.3

38.9

5.96.84.45.05.03.96.23.7

3.61.42.94.62.47.02.14.64.54.23.92.94.3

5.35.75.86.97.46.83.73.73.74.74.32.84.56.99.06.46.35.0

6.35.59.9

4.66.82.93.54.03.74.6

2.44.72.02.11.81.62.2

5.66.44.05.54.73.85.23.5

3.51.32.83.52.64.61.84.54.24.44.42.93.9

5.05.45.76.27.15.13.83.63.74.44.03.13.86.48.75.95.74.8

6.35.59.5

4.56.53.33.63.83.94.5

2.65.21.81.71.92.23.4

6.47.25.16.14.94.15.14.2

3.51.33.23.92.25.72.34.44.34.24.33.04.4

5.05.75.76.16.75.63.73.53.54.23.72.94.66.18.45.66.15.3

6.05.09.7

4.86.64.94.95.74.24.7

2.35.61.61.31.83.01.8

6.67.44.56.65.34.55.74.5

3.91.54.34.32.36.42.64.94.74.84.62.94.7

5.15.65.66.57.45.73.73.53.74.33.73.34.76.28.35.76.45.2

7.36.89.4

4.96.11.65.05.74.64.9

2.65.51.81.71.83.52.6

40.3

106





Industry

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPaper and allied products—Continued

Paperboard containers and boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes


















Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber




Railroad transportation:Class I railroads3


1987SIC

Code

265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

3131131431433144316317

4011


Sept.1993

$11.5511.7111.3912.0111.8413.4711.3810.88

12.0911.9213.4211.4010.8911.9011.4012.2912.4211.8112.659.42

14.61

14.9716.8617.3415.3616.7613.8414.6614.6812.3915.9011.6510.6412.7817.8617.5018.0715.3013.71

18.7020.6314.27

10.6617.867.85

10.5510.7610.039.92

7.6910.097.297.846.797.836.92

13.67

16.88

Oct.1993

$11.4111.5111.3311.9911.8213.6011.1610.89

12.0411.9013.3411.2610.9311.6011.5612.2012.2811.8412.719.51

14.55

14.8916.5917.0815.2916.8213.6614.6814.7812.3015.7811.7110.5312.7417.8517.4518.0715.2813.61

18.5720.3914.12

10.6017.907.84

10.6010.8710.059.85

7.6710.007.287.816.677.656.86

13.66

17.01

Aug.1994

$11.8411.9811.4812.4612.0413.9011.4111.21

12.1212.0013.2211.3510.7511.9911.7312.3512.4811.8912.919.47

14.70

15.1216.7517.1715.5617.3213.4714.7214.6712.4315.8411.7810.9612.8918.2917.7718.5415.5014.10

18.7920.8314.22

10.6517.727.80

10.9111.1510.199.98

7.9510.607.467.887.107.877.43

13.86

16.63

Sept.1994P

$11.8511.9611.5512.4412.1914.2111.6411.37

12.2712.1113.4311.4810.9911.9511.8812.5112.5812.1512.989.61

14.80

15.3016.9517.3915.8817.7213.6614.7914.7812.6816.0911.7311.3513.0018.3417.8618.5815.6714.11

19.4621.4914.32

10.6617.547.71

10.9511.2110.2010.04

7.9510.627.518.126.897.917.23

13.93

16.53

Oct.1994P

$12.22

15.32

19.57

10.63

8.03

14.00


Sept.1993

$501.27517.58480.66521.23502.02575.17491.62448.26

467.88395.74509.96461.70418.18509.32417.24497.75503.01471.22522.45373.97580.02

649.70740.15749.09689.66769.28614.50608.39604.82514.19683.70481.15434.11541.87828.70808.50838.45702.27586.79

824.67901.53659.27

443.46785.84302.23429.39450.84408.22413.66

295.30410.66277.02297.14253.95292.06265.73

544.07

771.42

Oct.1993

$502.04516.80481.53525.16497.62572.56469.84444.31

464.74392.70508.25456.03429.55486.04427.72491.66493.66470.05531.28374.69576.18

641.76726.64741.27675.82761.95587.38609.22608.94516.60673.81484.79442.26532.53808.61793.98816.76687.60579.79

850.51937.94653.76

444.14773.28329.28432.48458.71418.08412.72

296.83417.00275.91293.66254.13295.29272.34

545.03

806.27

Aug.1994

$524.51541.50499.38546.99506.88599.09471.23468.58

469.04393.60497.07467.62438.60498.78435.18497.71499.20481.55535.77377.85583.59

648.65743.70752.05679.97767.28579.21603.52595.60507.14646.27478.27449.36554.27826.71813.87836.15700.60609.12

817.37887.36662.65

448.37777.91328.38460.40489.49423.90418.16

306.87461.10281.99299.44267.67313.23276.40

557.17

776.62

Sept.1994P

$530.88544.18492.03561.04518.08613.87485.39470.72

479.76399.63510.34482.16446.19518.63440.75511.66512.01495.72543.86384.40593.48

657.90747.50756.47698.72797.40590.11610.83604.50512.27659.69473.89454.00560.30830.80817.99839.82717.69606.73

902.941,007.88

660.15

450.92771.76296.84464.28497.72429.42423.69

308.46459.85283.88306.94262.51314.82279.80

558.59

765.34

Oct.1994P

$477.80

664.89

915.88

449.65

312.37

564.20

107




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedLocal and interurban passenger transit

Local and suburban transportationIntercity and rural bus transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except airPublic warehousing and storage

Water transportation:Water transportation services





Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcastingCable and other pay television services


Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and suppliesFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and other construction materialsProfessional and commercial equipment

Medical and hospital equipmentMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMisc. wholesale trade durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsFarm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beveragesMisc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

Retail trade


General merchandise storesDepartment stores


41411413

42421422

449

46

474724724473

484814813483484

49491492493495

505015025035045047505506507508509

51511512513514515516517518519

52521523525526

53531

33.438.538.4

39.239.140.9

35.6

41.4

37.136.236.137.9

39.841.341.434.639.9

42.442.242.942.542.8

38.1

38.738.237.339.938.838.240.138.238.639.437.2

37.336.137.136.738.435.840.137.237.036.3

28.8

36.638.636.732.233.2

29.629.8

34.238.439.4

39.239.041.8

36.2

44.7

37.236.036.038.2

39.441.041.134.238.9

42.542.043.543.042.9

38.3

38.938.538.140.139.038.240.738.438.839.637.5

37.536.637.037.038.137.440.138.036.836.7

28.8

36.538.336.332.233.9

29.129.2

35.037.937.9

40.039.940.3

36.4

43.1

37.336.035.938.9

39.941.741.934.339.3

41.841.642.241.442.6

38.3

39.038.537.240.339.038.240.938.538.839.538.0

37.536.836.636.838.535.139.737.837.336.6

29.7

36.738.536.632.533.5

30.230.2

34.138.238.9

39.739.740.3

35.7

44.4

37.135.735.638.6

39.741.541.634.639.3

42.342.143.041.943.0

38.4

39.038.637.440.439.138.340.838.738.739.537.7

37.736.837.237.138.736.139.838.236.736.8

29.0

36.538.436.432.032.9

30.130.3

38.8

29.1

108





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedLocal and interurban passenger transit

Local and suburban transportationIntercity and rural bus transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except airPublic warehousing and storage

Water transportation:Water transportation services





Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcastingCable and other pay television services


Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and suppliesFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and other construction materialsProfessional and commercial equipment

Medical and hospital equipmentMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMisc. wholesale trade durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsFarm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beveragesMisc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

Retail trade


General merchandise storesDepartment stores


41411413

42421422

449

46

474724724473

484814813483484

49491492493495

505015025035045047505506507508509

51511512513514515516517518519

52521523525526

53531

$10.0010.7012.75

12.4412.649.94

17.81

19.65

11.1210.3210.2912.28

15.1015.8516.0414.5211.54

16.8117.4016.3820.1212.17

11.80

12.1710.6910.7511.2614.7013.2812.1212.6411.4912.049.52

11.3012.1213.4610.8211.498.41

13.2610.6712.999.58

7.32

8.749.069.297.497.72

7.307.28

$9.9710.6912.85

12.4812.699.90

17.57

19.98

11.0810.2610.2412.28

15.0215.7715.9714.3811.39

16.9917.6016.6120.3712.18

11.81

12.1910.7010.7811.3214.6613.2012.1012.7911.5212.139.52

11.3012.1713.5810.8011.538.37

13.3210.7212.889.56

7.36

8.749.059.367.487.72

7.317.29

$10.2610.7612.69

12.5612.7410.16

16.82

19.48

11.8011.1711.2412.84

15.3916.0816.4115.0211.85

17.1817.9916.6120.6312.14

11.96

12.3210.8610.8511.4814.8113.0312.2112.7611.7312.359.81

11.4711.8914.2610.9911.808.51

13.1810.7813.019.60

7.43

8.829.129.407.537.82

7.437.40

$10.1810.8412.53

12.7212.9210.17

17.86

20.12

11.8811.3111.4012.89

15.4616.2116.5515.0111.74

17.3518.0916.8420.8512.39

12.05

12.4510.9911.0411.6514.8413.1312.3013.0311.8112.529.90

11.5212.0414.3111.0511.828.58

13.2010.9513.099.67

7.53

8.949.259.517.667.93

7.437.41

$12.16

7.57

$334.00411.95489.60

487.65494.22406.55

634.04

813.51

412.55373.58371.47465.41

600.98654.61664.06502.39460.45

712.74734.28702.70855.10520.88

449.58

470.98408.36400.98449.27570.36507.30486.01482.85443.51474.38354.14

421.49437.53499.37397.09441.22301.08531.73396.92480.63347.75

210.82

319.88349.72340.94241.18256.30

216.08216.94

$340.97410.50506.29

489.22494.91413.82

636.03

893.11

412.18369.36368.64469.10

591.79646.57656.37491.80443.07

722.08739.20722.54875.91522.52

452.32

474.19411.95410.72453.93571.74504.24492.47491.14446.98480.35357.00

423.75445.42502.46399.60439.29313.04534.13407.36473.98350.85

211.97

319.01346.62339.77240.86261.71

212.72212.87

$359.10407.80480.95

502.40508.33409.45

612.25

839.59

440.14402.12403.52499.48

614.06670.54687.58515.19465.71

718.12748.38700.94854.08517.16

458.07

480.48418.11403.62462.64577.59497.75499.39491.26455.12487.83372.78

430.13437.55521.92404.43454.30298.70523.25407.48485.27351.36

220.67

323.69351.12344.04244.73261.97

224.39223.48

$347.14414.09487.42

504.98512.92409.85

637.60

893.33

440.75403.77405.84497.55

613.76672.72688.48519.35461.38

733.91761.59724.12873.62532.77

462.72

485.55424.21412.90470.66580.24502.88501.84504.26457.05494.54373.23

434.30443.07532.33409.96457.43309.74525.36418.29480.40355.86

218.37

326.31355.20346.16245.12260.90

223.64224.52

$471.81

220.29

109




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993 1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Retail trade—ContinuedGeneral merchandise stores—Continued

Variety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stations...New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee


Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ...Household appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores ...

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores ...

Eating and drinking places4

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel dealersRetail stores, nee

Optical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee



State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee ...

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutions

Security and commodity brokers:Security and commodity services


Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services



533539

54541546

55551553554559

56561562565566

5757157257357315735

58

5959159359459659859959955999

6060260226021,9606

61614

628

636316326324633

07074078

27.929.4

29.930.128.6

35.937.138.033.133.5

26.328.923.827.426.8

33.233.434.532.632.428.1

25.0

29.727.931.828.134.537.230.932.931.7

35.6

35.034.835.434.435.6

37.737.8

35.8

37.637.238.137.937.3

32.3

34.128.436.5

27.529.0

29.529.628.7

36.137.438.033.333.0

26.329.023.927.526.8

33.233.334.332.632.127.8

25.2

29.527.732.327.933.838.630.932.831.7

35.7

35.034.935.434.535.5

38.137.9

36.1

37.837.438.438.237.4

32.4

34.128.436.6

28.630.6

30.530.629.1

36.137.138.533.334.2

27.329.224.828.527.7

33.333.434.532.932.727.9

26.3

30.528.832.529.534.537.431.333.432.0

35.5

35.134.835.334.535.9

37.137.9

37.4

37.437.237.637.337.4

32.7

34.829.636.8

27.730.1

29.829.928.6

35.636.837.732.833.7

26.228.824.127.126.7

33.333.234.533.333.428.4

25.2

29.828.331.928.134.437.731.133.331.6

35.4

34.934.835.234.435.7

37.137.4

37.1

37.637.237.837.637.8

32.4

34.628.837.0

36.3

32.8

110




B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailedindustry—-Continued

Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Retail trade—ContinuedGeneral merchandise stores—Continued

Variety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stations ...New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee


Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ...Household appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores ...

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores ...

Eating and drinking places4

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel dealersRetail stores, nee ,

Optical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee



State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee ...

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutions

Security and commodity brokers:Security and commodity services


Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services



533539

54541546

55551553554559

56561562565566

5757157257357315735

58

5959159359459659859959955999

6060260226021,9606

61614

628

636316326324633

07074078

$6.648.08

7.837.926.91

9.7712.248.316.72

10.65

7.048.396.736.867.16

9.539.369.919.719.745.93

5.36

7.958.246.747.208.68

11.098.219.888.57

11.41

9.108.668.538.769.10

12.7410.04

15.88

13.2312.3812.6812.9914.20

10.83

8.598.268.76

$6.618.05

7.877.966.88

9.7812.178.356.74

10.71

7.078.366.726.847.37

9.559.369.839.779.795.95

5.38

8.018.246.797.358.54

11.288.209.958.55

11.52

9.158.738.598.849.14

12.7610.00

15.74

13.3712.6612.7413.0414.30

10.87

8.638.278.81

$7.148.00

7.877.977.03

10.0712.728.426.77

11.42

7.088.406.756.917.30

9.779.599.93

10.0210.065.96

5.46

8.128.376.817.458.90

11.218.39

10.588.62

11.73

9.368.958.819.079.25

12.2710.09

15.90

14.0113.3313.5513.9014.81

10.92

8.398.368.44

$7.137.93

7.978.077.11

10.2412.938.506.82

11.49

7.238.406.867.097.45

9.909.72

10.1310.1310.036.03

5.50

8.198.526.867.548.81

11.288.42

10.528.74

11.86

9.428.998.859.109.30

12.3810.17

16.15

14.0613.3113.5713.9114.92

11.12

8.598.548.65

$12.04

11.21

$185.26237.55

234.12238.39197.63

350.74454.10315.78222.43356.78

185.15242.47160.17187.96191.89

316.40312.62341.90316.55315.58166.63

134.00

236.12229.90214.33202.32299.46412.55253.69325.05271.67

406.20

318.50301.37301.96301.34323.96

480.30379.51

568.50

497.45460.54483.11492.32529.66

349.81

292.92234.58319.74

$181.78233.45

232.17235.62197.46

353.06455.16317.30224.44353.43

185.94242.44160.61188.10197.52

317.06311.69337.17318.50314.26165.41

135.58

236.30228.25219.32205.07288.65435.41253.38326.36271.04

411.26

320.25304.68304.09304.98324.47

486.16379.00

568.21

505.39473.48489.22498.13534.82

352.19

294.28234.87322.45

$204.20244.80

240.04243.88204.57

363.53471.91324.17225.44390.56

193.28245.28167.40196.94202.21

325.34320.31342.59329.66328.96166.28

143.60

247.66241.06221.33219.78307.05419.25262.61353.37275.84

416.42

328.54311.46310.99312.92332.08

455.22382.41

594.66

523.97495.88509.48518.47553.89

357.08

291.97247.46310.59

$197.50238.69

237.51241.29203.35

364.54475.82320.45223.70387.21

189.43241.92165.33192.14198.92

329.67322.70349.49337.33335.00171.25

138.60

244.06241.12218.83211.87303.06425.26261.86350.32276.18

419.84

328.76312.85311.52313.04332.01

459.30380.36

599.17

528.66495.13512.95523.02563.98

360.29

297.21245.95320.05

$437.05

367.69

111




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Services—ContinuedHotels and other lodging places:

Hotels and motels4

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops4

Miscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertisingMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:



Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasingMedical equipment rentalHeavy construction equipment rentalEquipment rental and leasing, nsc

Personnel supply services:Help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesComputer integrated systems designInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems services





Miscellaneous repair services

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesVideo tape rental



Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitioners .Nursing and personal care facilities

Intermediate care facilitiesHospitalsHome health care services

Legal services


701

721723729

73731

733473473427349735735273537359

7363737737173737375737873873817382

7575175147527537532,475387547542

76

78781784

7979379979917997

808018028048058052806808

81

31.3

33.828.324.4

32.436.8

37.028.637.627.739.438.240.239.4

29.737.838.337.939.039.233.233.436.7

36.437.336.233.538.337.138.331.129.3

37.9

28.339.123.0

27.124.327.217.928.8

32.732.228.029.732.431.634.527.7

34.4

31.2

34.128.624.9

32.836.8

37.128.837.928.039.738.640.439.7

30.738.138.537.938.639.233.533.536.9

36.537.035.934.138.437.538.231.128.7

38.1

28.539.222.8

26.624.226.418.028.6

32.732.328.129.732.031.334.527.8

34.6

31.9

33.928.425.9

33.136.4

38.128.737.527.939.537.341.739.4

31.937.337.537.436.139.133.534.035.9

36.837.236.733.938.437.638.032.330.8

38.4

30.038.722.9

28.324.628.719.229.4

32.832.228.229.932.332.034.728.4

34.6

30.9

33.628.224.5

33.036.4

37.528.537.627.739.037.241.038.8

31.637.437.837.335.739.333.634.036.1

36.336.235.833.338.237.237.932.030.7

38.3

29.638.422.7

26.124.425.918.528.5

32.832.327.929.832.532.134.628.2

34.4

112





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Services—ContinuedHotels and other lodging places:

Hotels and motels4

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops4

Miscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertisingMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services;



Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasingMedical equipment rentalHeavy construction equipment rentalEquipment rental and leasing, nee

Personnel supply services:Help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesComputer integrated systems designInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems services





Miscellaneous repair services

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesVideo tape rental



Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitioners ..Nursing and personal care facilities

Intermediate care facilitiesHospitalsHome health care services

Legal services


701

721723729

73731

733473473427349735735273537359

7363737737173737375737873873817382

7575175147527537532,475387547542

76

78781784

7979379979917997

808018028048058052806808

81

$7.59

7.247.927.84

10.2015.25

9.607.499.837.20

10.7610.7314.419.71

8.2716.5419.1917.0414.5113.618.786.87

10.97

9.389.378.526.95

10.3410.8010.386.916.06

11.09

12.4318.505.64

8.316.557.727.897.92

11.8811.9811.5210.438.267.73

13.5910.54

15.20

$7.63

7.247.867.81

10.1215.31

9.697.479.807.20

10.7010.4214.359.69

8.1816.6019.4317.3214.4113.678.696.78

10.98

9.409.348.366.86

10.3910.9710.426.946.13

11.15

12.7718.715.60

8.666.558.057.828.09

11.8712.0011.6410.468.277.71

13.5510.46

15.31

$7.52

7.348.198.04

10.3115.59

9.907.459.787.17

10.8610.3114.449.88

8.43117.0019.8918.1114.6813.908.927.01

10.96

9.609.328.476.98

10.6811.2310.727.076.16

11.31

13.2619.235.70

7.936.817.377.837.74

12.0912.2311.9610.698.457.76

13.8410.64

15.55

$7.761

7.378.268.01

10.3915.54

10.017.499.787.21

10.9510.3914.539.97

8.4717.1719.9618.3514.7314.079.017.06

10.90

9.669.498.517.15

10.7211.3010.797.086.25

11.37

14.2219.945.75

8.736.678.068.118.20

12.1912.2512.0710.848.547.92

13.9710.77

15.71

$237.57

244.71224.14191.30

330.48561.20

355.20214.21369.61199.44423.94409.89579.28382.57

245.62625.21734.98645.82565.89533.51291.50229.46402.60

341.43349.50308.42232.83396.02400.68397.55214.90177.56

420.31

351.77723.35129.72

225.20159.17209.98141.23228.10

388.48385.76322.56309.77267.62244.27468.86291.96

522.88

$238.06

246.88224.80194.47

331.94563.41

359.50215.14371.42201.60424.79402.21579.74384.69

251.13632.46748.06656.43556.23535.86291.12227.13405.16

343.10345.58300.12233.93398.98411.38398.04215.83175.93

$239.89

248.83232.60208.24

341.26567.48

377.19213.82366.75200.04428.97384.56602.15389.27

268.92634.10745.88677.31529.95543.49298.82238.34393.46

353.28346.70310.85236.62410.11422.25407.36228.36189.73

424.82 | 434.30I

363.95733.43127.68

397.80744.20130.53

230.36 224.42158.51 | 167.53212.52 I 211.52140.76231.37

388.15387.60327.08310.66264.64241.32467.48290.79

529.73

150.34227.56

396.55393.81337.27319.63272.94248.32480.25302.18

538.03

$239.78

247.63232.93196.25

342.87565.66

375.38213.47367.73199.72427.05386.51595.73386.84

267.65642.16754.49684.46525.86552.95302.74240.04393.49

350.66343.54304.66238.10409.50420.36 |408.94 !226.56 |191.88 |

435.47 ||

420.91 |765.70 |130.53 I

227.85 I162.75 i208.75 |150.04 I233.70

399.83 |395.68 j336.75 |323.03 |277.55 I254.23 |483.36303.71

540.42

113




Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Services—ContinuedSocial services

Individual and family servicesJob training and related servicesChild day care servicesResidential careSocial services, nee

Membership organizations:Professional organizations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services ...


Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..Research and testing services

Commercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations


Services, nee


83832833835836839

862

87871871187128713872873873187328733874874187428743

89

31.132.130.529.232.031.1

34.8

36.938.939.038.038.835.836.539.229.436.235.534.536.233.3

35.9

31.231.930.729.731.831.9

35.1

37.039.039.238.039.035.936.738.829.836.835.734.436.333.0

36.1

31.031.630.229.731.930.5

35.1

37.039.039.138.438.836.236.338.828.936.535.634.635.732.3

39.2

31.231.931.329.332.031.2

34.6

37.038.939.038.438.736.136.238.928.836.336.135.036.132.1

38.3

114





Industry1987SIC

Code


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Services—ContinuedSocial services

Individual and family servicesJob training and related servicesChild day care servicesResidential careSocial services, nee

Membership organizations:Professional organizations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services ...


Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..Research and testing services

Commercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations


Services, nee

83832833835836839

862

87871871187128713872873873187328733874874187428743

89

$7.938.487.796.718.109.01

15.14

15.1216.2916.9014.9911.5713.1216.2018.2212.7417.6214.0312.6616.5213.84

15.79

$7.938.467.806.728.109.05

15.30

15.2216.4017.0115.1311.6213.1216.3918.4112.4418.3314.1412.7016.6913.56

15.73

$8.068.557.946.668.329.38

15.50

15.2516.4217.1214.8111.7213.4216.1918.3311.9117.7714.1612.9816.3713.22

14.42

$8.208.718.136.928.409.51

15.66

15.4116.6017.2715.0911.9713.6016.3718.5411.9018.0514.2812.9916.6213.41

14.94

$246.62272.21237.60195.93259.20280.21

526.87

557.93633.68659.10569.62448.92469.70591.30714.22374.56637.84498.07436.77598.02460.87

566.86

$247.42269.87239.46199.58257.58288.70

537.03

563.14639.60666.79574.94453.18471.01601.51714.31370.71674.54504.80436.88605.85447.48

567.85

$249.86270.18239.79197.80265.41286.09

544.05

564.25640.38669.39568.70454.74485.80587.70711.20344.20648.61504.10449.11584.41427.01

565.26

$255.84277.85254.47202.76268.80296.71

541.84

570.17645.74673.53579.46463.24490.96592.59721.21342.72655.22515.51454.65599.98430.46

572.20


2 See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) andguided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.

3 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of$50,000,000 or more.

4 Money payments only; tips, not included.5 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject torevision.

115


A Note on Average Hourly Earningsin Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missilesand Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics averagehourly earning series for production workers in aircraftmanufacturing (sic 3721) and guided missiles and spacevehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have been used toescalate labor costs in contracts between aerospacecompanies and their customers. Although the Bureau'sseries by definition take account of traditional wage ratechanges, they do not capture "lump-sum payments toworkers in lieu of general wage increases" which werenegotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargain-ing agreements beginning in late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace

industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earningsseries for SIC 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sumpayments. These series, beginning in October 1983, theeffective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreementusing lump-sum payments, were published in the June1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and yearearlier data are presented in table B-15a along with theaverage hourly earnings series produced as part of theCurrent Employment Statistics program. An explanationof the methodology used to derive these series appears inthe Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)manufacturing

Series

Average hourly earnings,excluding lump-sum payments

Average hourly earnings,including lump-sum payments

Aircraft (SIC 3721)

Aug.1993

$18.42

19.16

Sept.1993

$18.49

19.24

Aug.1994

$19.66

19.77

Sept.1994P

$19.67

19.77

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aug.1993

$17.43

17.46

Sept.1993

$17.71

17.74

Aug.1994

$18.45

18.50

Sept.1994P

$18.64

18.70

= preliminary.

116


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS


B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls

Industry Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Manufacturing



$11.24

11.819.239.01

11.2813.3011.2112.1510.8015.0911.919.07

10.529.86

15.708.476.97

12.7711.5514.1217.4410.107.45

$11.19

11.759.219.01

11.1713.1411.1212.1310.7615.0411.909.02

10.479.78

15.448.486.95

12.7311.5214.0817.3710.057.42

$11.35

11.919.329.16

11.3513.3211.2012.1610.9615.3911.999.26

10.629.94

17.538.637.15

12.9211.5914.3017.5710.087.71

$11.45

12.019.399.26

11.4313.3111.2912.2511.0015.5612.029.30

10.699.95

17.528.707.21

13.0411.6814.4418.0410.087.70

$11.44

11.98

$10.72

1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rateof time and one-half.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projectedfrom March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmarkdata are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward aresubject to revision.

117


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privatenonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars

Industry


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P


Sept.1993

Oct.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Oct.1994P

Total private:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Mining:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Construction:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Manufacturing:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Transportation and public utilities:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Wholesale trade:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Retail trade:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Finance, insurance, and real estate:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Services:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

$10.917.41

14.549.88

14.529.86

11.858.05

13.679.29

11.808.02

7.324.97

11.417.75

10.837.36

$10.947.40

14.479.78

14.559.84

11.807.98

13.669.24

11.817.99

7.364.98

11.527.79

10.877.35

$11.047.30

14.699.72

14.769.76

12.017.94

13.869.17

11.967.91

7.434.91

11.737.76

10.927.22

$11.217.39

14.919.84

14.949.85

12.148.01

13.939.19

12.057.95

7.534.97

11.867.82

11.127.34

$11.26

$14.89

$15.00

$12.11

$14.00

$12.16

$7.57

$12.04

$11.21

$376.40255.71

647.03439.56

556.12377.80

491.78334.09

544.07369.61

449.58305.42

210.82143.22

406.20275.95

349.81237.64

$378.52255.93

658.39445.16

571.82386.63

493.24333.50

545.03368.51

452.32305.83

211.97143.32

411.26278.07

352.19238.13

$385.30254.83

662.52438.17

585.97387.55

504.42333.61

557.17368.50

458.07302.96

220.67145.95

416.42275.41

357.08236.16

$390.11257.33

678.41447.50

596.11393.21

514.74339.54

558.59368.46

462.72305.22

218.37144.04

419.84276.94

360.29237.66

$394.10

$680.47

$591.00

$512.25

$564.20

$471.81

$220.29

$437.05

$367.69


2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners andClerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject torevision.

118


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS


B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas

State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994?

AlabamaBirminghamMobile

Alaska

Arizona



ColoradoDenver



District of Columbia:

Washington PMSA

Florida

GeorgiaAtlantaSavannah

Hawaii

Honolulu

Idaho


IndianaBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansville-HendersonFort Wayne


41.741.443.2

47.6

40.6

41.642.040.842.042.8

40.940.242.141.342.341.540.540.841.039.340.140.041.038.840.244.041.240.0

41.341.7

42.141.443.342.140.643.742.6

43.144.7

40.4

41.0

42.042.044.2

39.737.7

40.2

41.543.841.541.541.242.441.242.541.940.8

42.544.539.142.842.4

41.641.142.4

52.6

41.7

42.542.341.842.542.6

41.539.342.141.643.042.340.941.740.940.840.140.641.341.439.644.439.540.0

41.041.0

42.742.243.543.141.941.944.9

42.344.4

40.8

41.2

42.542.446.7

37.237.4

39.7

42.043.540.442.141.142.541.941.342.939.8

43.144.840.347.142.9

41.941.643.8

52.0

41.7

42.842.841.043.242.5

41.740.740.742.041.943.042.141.640.839.940.240.440.840.741.045.641.941.2

41.942.6

43.142.642.843.642.641.844.6

41.844.1

40.7

41.3

42.542.547.2

37.837.3

38.9

42.043.440.642.041.042.441.641.443.339.1

43.344.440.646.042.7

$10.4911.3612.77

11.29

11.10

9.449.259.48

10.1810.78

12.4712.5111.1011.6411.9614.6412.4111.2613.0312.8212.5013.6914.8813.0013.2011.9914.7511.56

12.1913.02

13.2513.7913.0014.2912.8212.9311.60

13.5715.85

13.15

9.86

10.2011.1813.03

11.9712.66

12.02

12.0616.1610.4612.1213.8915.3712.8814.8312.8711.79

13.4311.6811.3312.8913.40

$10.6611.6813.07

10.92

10.89

9.729.589.69

10.4811.33

12.4612.5410.8511.6511.9015.5712.3411.3913.0312.8112.4813.7115.2212.4713.7612.0514.8711.85

12.2812.56

13.4813.7013.0913.9812.6513.2412.17

13.9316.35

13.63

9.93

10.2911.4213.47

12.3112.88

11.63

12.2717.2310.8112.2413.8814.4213.2914.8813.7411.78

13.6812.0011.1412.8814.14

$10.7411.6613.11

10.67

11.04

9.749.629.59

10.5211.46

12.5312.4210.9611.6912.1414.9212.4911.5313.2512.9512.4913.7616.4212.8513.7211.9513.9011.95

12.3112.51

13.5713.8313.2514.1112.8213.0512.14

13.7116.22

13.40

9.93

10.3811.5413.35

12.2912.90

11.84

12.3117.2510.7812.2913.8914.4113.3214.9913.7911.86

13.6812.0211.4312.9213.90

$437.43470.30551.66

537.40

450.66

392.70388.50386.78427.56461.38

510.02502.90467.31480.73505.91607.56502.61459.41534.23503.83501.25547.60610.08504.40530.64527.56607.70462.40

503.45542.93

557.83570.91562.90601.61520.49565.04494.16

584.87708.50

531.26

404.26

428.40469.56575.93

475.21477.28

483.20

500.49707.81434.09502.98572.27651.69530.66630.28539.25481.03

570.78519.76443.00551.69568.16

$443.46480.05554.17

574.39

454.11

413.10405.23405.04445.40482.66

517.09492.82456.79484.64511.70658.61504.71474.96532.93522.65500.45556.63628.59516.26544.90535.02587.37474.00

503.48514-96

575.60578.14569.42602.54530.04554.76546.43

589.24725.94

556.10

409.12

437.33484.21629.05

457.93481.71

461.71

515.34749.51436.72515.30570.47612.85556.85614.54589.45468.84

589.61537.60448.94606.65606.61

$450.01485.06574.22

554.84

460.37

416.87411.74393.19454.46487.05

522.50505.49446.07490.98508.67641.56525.83479.65540.60516.71502.10555.90669.94523.00562.52544.92582.41492.34

515.79532.93

584.87589.16567.10615.20546.13545.49541.44

573.08715.30

545.38

410.11

441.15490.45630.12

464.56481.17

460.58

517.02748.65437.67516.18569.49610.98554.11620.59597.11463.73

592.34533.69464.06594.32593.53

119


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas—Continued

State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.

Indiana-ContinuedGaryIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth BendTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueSioux City

KansasTopekaWichita

KentuckyLexingtonLouisville

LouisianaBaton RougeNew OrleansShreveport-Bossier City


MarylandBaltimore PMSA

MassachusettsBostonSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-HollandJacksonKalamazoo-Battle CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St. PaulSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas Vegas


44.142.545.641.043.341.447.8

41.941.442.441.442.0

41.743.041.6

40.441.341.0

42.243.342.240.9

41.444.340.0

41.041.3

41.340.842.940.7

43.243.844.344.941.943.343.840.342.7

41.539.141.839.7

41.341.1

41.342.442.141.4

38.9

42.140.942.7

40.040.4

43.143.847.542.446.341.942.7

42.743.042.942.041.7

41.443.141.0

41.442.742.2

43.143.343.743.0

40.241.339.3

41.742.5

41.540.942.941.4

45.145.247.052.042.644.443.744.445.8

41.240.741.640.9

41.740.8

42.443.042.541.7

39.4

42.944.142.2

40.539.7

43.443.249.142.846.340.645.0

43.243.444.842.842.0

41.041.640.6

41.643.242.2

43.943.145.143.7

40.941.139.8

41.542.1

41.541.142.741.7

45.845.547.951.543.544.243.345.246.8

41.439.942.340.4

42.141.3

43.043.344.441.8

40.8

43.743.742.2

40.037.8

$17.4814.7718.6713.9614.9912.2213.29

12.4915.5613.6212.5910.00

12.2014.4414.01

11.5112.0013.11

12.9115.3013.2514.42

11.709.69

10.58

12.9813.64

12.4013.0912.7211.47

15.6016.2316.8221.0212.9211.0014.8616.3817.88

12.2612.0113.1411.04

9.229.83

11.7413.5713.989.96

12.84

10.5912.0311.17

11.8813.07

$18.0114.4618.9414.4315.6812.2813.18

12.2515.4412.7413.1410.24

12.0214.8514.11

12.0013.1213.87

13.0515.9113.4113.80

11.709.47

10.75

13.1913.85

12.6113.3212.5611.71

16.1216.7317.2322.6513.0511.5614.8517.3517.48

12.4211.7613.2211.52

9.349.94

11.6113.5213.719.99

12.59

11.0312.7611.85

11.8113.32

$18.2014.4018.8013.9315.6712.3912.80

12.3915.2713.0313.1710.47

12.2415.0414.11

12.1813.1114.01

13.1816.1613.6013.56

11.969.70

10.90

13.1813.95

12.6613.3512.5111.69

16.3316.8517.5922.7813.1111.4515.1017.5617.90

12.5012.1513.3111.25

9.4010.07

11.7913.4113.809.94

13.06

11.0312.8511.82

12.0613.56

$770.87627.73851.35572.36649.07505.91635.26

523.33644.18577.49521.23420.00

508.74620.92582.82

465.00495.60537.51

544.80662.49559.15589.78

484.38429.27423.20

532.18563.33

512.12534.07545.69466.83

673.92710.87745.13943.80541.35476.30650.87660.11763.48

508.79469.59549.25438.29

380.79404.01

484.86575.37588.56412.34

499.48

445.84492.03476.96

475.20528.03

$776.23633.35899.65611.83725.98514.53562.79

523.08663.92546.55551.88427.01

497.63640.04578.51

496.80560.22585.31

562.46688.90586.02593.40

470.34391.11422.47

550.02588.63

523.32544.79538.82484.79

727.01756.20809.811177.80555.93513.26648.94770.34800.58

511.70478.63549.95471.17

389.48405.55

492.26581.36582.68416.58

496.05

473.19562.72500.07

478.31528.80

$789.88622.08923.08596.20725.52503.03576.00

535.25662.72583.74563.68439.74

501.84625.66572.87

506.69566.35591.22

578.60696.50613.36592.57

489.16398.67433.82

546.97587.30

525.39548.69534.18487.47

747.91766.67842.56

1173.17570.28506.09653.83793.71837.72

517.50484.79563.01454.50

395.74415.89

506.97580.65612.72415.49

532.85

482.01561.55498.80

482.40512.57

120


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS



State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug. Sept.1994P


Sept.1993


New Jersey

New MexicoAlbuquerque

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNewburghRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County


North DakotaFargo-Moorhead


OklahomaOklahoma CityTulsa


PennsylvaniaAllentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPittsburghReadingScranton—Wilkes-Barre—HazletonSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork


42.241.641.142.3

41.6

42.241.0

40.241.040.643.240.342.238.937.837.439.040.542.641.741.940.5

41.039.541.840.041.8

41.441.8

43.242.941.343.043.242.342.545.143.4

41.643.740.3

39.439.540.640.438.7

41.240.240.242.940.839.640.741.042.341.639.343.840.242.342.9

42.542.741.941.5

42.1

41.140.3

40.841.142.143.441.044.740.038.438.141.242.042.442.841.040.3

41.541.841.841.441.2

43.442.6

43.543.941.343.943.541.745.544.443.8

42.843.341.6

40.539.340.640.839.8

42.140.741.645.640.640.340.541.843.143.040.845.740.842.943.3

42.543.342.240.8

42.1

42.341.0

40.841.241.644.341.243.540.037.837.441.343.041.643.641.741.2

41.641.841.641.141.2

43.340.7

44.043.942.344.643.941.946.145.244.1

43.043.342.2

40.841.139.441.639.2

42.140.941.845.340.838.941.341.943.242.740.746.340.043.742.9

$11.6711.6014.5011.10

13.03

9.5310.34

12.1113.669.89

14.9411.0911.4211.4710.8210.5310.3313.9913.9713.2410.9812.21

9.849.79

10.5810.3510.61

10.129.71

14.1812.8012.5713.0213.9613.3015.0915.8716.01

11.3211.8812.45

12.1812.1111.9212.569.65

12.2211.5410.1012.9211.579.31

12.0113.4613.2812.6510.6812.2910.4710.4212.47

$11.4511.6613.9911.18

13.25

9.9110.57

12.1513.9310.1215.4510.4611.4111.2110.8910.6410.7913.9013.9613.0010.9311.93

10.1910.0210.8210.7211.02

10.249.63

14.3012.5312.4113.2414.0813.3715.7915.6516.31

11.1412.4411.91

12.1412.6712.0912.779.46

12.4711.9310.5813.3011.899.12

12.4213.6913.4613.1710.8712.4910.7211.1612.56

$11.5711.9313.8211.40

13.26

9.8710.63

12.2914.1310.1915.6310.3411.3711.3511.0010.7211.0814.0314.2013.1910.8712.20

10.2410.0510.8910.8011.02

10.339.88

14.4612.4712.5313.5014.3113.3915.9016.0116.50

11.3312.75 I12.09 I

12.3112.2211.9112.939.27

12.5212.0310.7713.3411.819.17

12.4513.7313.4413.2010.9312.5410.7611.1712.58

$492.47482.56595.95469.53

542.05

402.17423.94

486.82560.06401.53645.41446.93481.92446.18409.00393.82402.87566.60595.12552.11460.06494.51

403.44386.71442.24414.00443.50

418.97405.88

612.58549.12519.14559.86603.07562.59641.33715.74694.83

470.91519.16501.74

479.89478.35483.95507.42373.46

503.46463.91406.02554.27472.06368.68488.81551.86561.74526.24419.72538.30420.89440.77534.96

$486.63497.88586.18463.97

557.83

407.30425.97

495.72572.52426.05670.53428.86510.03448.40418.18405.38444.55583.80591.90556.40448.13480.78

422.89418.84452.28443.81454.02

444.42410.24

622.05550.07512.53581.24

| 612.48557.53718.45694.86714.38

476.79538.65495.46

491.67497.93490.85521.02376.51

524.99485.55440.13606.48482.73367.54503.01572.24580.13566.31443.50570.79437.38478.76543.85

$491.73516.57583.20465.12

558.25

417.50435.83

501.43582.16423.90692.41426.01494.60454.00415.80400.93457.60603.29590.72575.08453.28502.64

425.98420.09453.02443.88454.02

447.29402.12

636.24547.43530.02602.10628.21561.04732.99723.65727.65

487.19552.08510.20

502.25502.24469.25537.89363.38

527.09492.03450.19604.30481.85356.71514.19575.29580.61563.64444.85580.60430.40488.13539.68

121


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


State and area


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P


Sept.1993

Aug.1994

Sept.1994P

Rhode Island

Providence-Fall River-Warwick .

South Carolina


TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol..KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasDallasFt, Worth-ArlingtonHoustonSan Antonio

UtahSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBurlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

Washington


WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

40.139.9

41.5

42.040.142.7

40.539.839.339.941.341.0

43.043.642.844.341.1

40.441.4

40.841.1

41.540.740.042.142.441.742.742.4

40.3

41.147.641.140.341.2

42.744.540.942.343.840.138.542.441.840.244.044.5

39.3

39.7

46.2

39.439.3

41.6

40.939.642.4

40.241.737.639.841.439.8

43.243.342.644.042.9

41.042.5

40.440.2

42.038.838.843.042.241.043.241.4

40.3

41.549.241.941.839.1

42.944.444.342.146.040.642.642.241.940.945.244.0

40.4

40.0

43.5

41.541.1

41.6

42.441.943.6

40.541.538.239.741.240.6

43.343.342.945.041.7

41.042.1

40.639.3

42.540.340.043.642.542.343.641.8

40.7

41.847.942.642.639.4

43.445.046.042.845.740.041.444.142.540.844.244.1

39.3

40.1

43.1

$10.4110.40

9.87

9.049.419.23

10.579.96

10.5410.4310.6511.64

11.0210.7712.4313.578.52

11.2011.36

11.7711.56

10.949.739.78

10.8810.6912.2413.9512.69

13.94

12.3415.0114.4814.7014.49

12.1713.2412.1712.7915.3912.8710.7711.4813.3712.1312.2912.09

12.02

7.09

15.16

$10.5010.65

10.05

9.159.639.76

10.499.929.95

10.3110.9711.29

11.1110.8912.6213.568.95

11.3411.56

11.5911.44

11.1810.1410.3411.1210.9012.1514.6310.97

14.05

12.4814.5314.5614.8514.38

12.1813.4012.4812.9816.7613.5910.1111.5213.5312.0912.0711.76

11.95

7.30

15.02

$10.2810.64

10.07

9.319.679.89

10.7110.089.95

10.1910.9511.16

11.1711.0112.4713.649.00

11.4511.76

11.6011.36

11.3010.2610.3411.0410.9712.2614.9811.64

14.28

12.5214.8214.2515.4014.64

12.3513.5612.9013.0516.9713.949.89

11.6313.5812.7512.3112.03

11.70

7.34

15.49

$417.44414.96

409.61

379.68377.34394.12

428.09396.41414.22416.16439.85477.24

473.86469.57532.00601.15350.17

452.48470.30

480.22475.12

454.01396.01391.20458.05453.26510.41595.67538.06

561.78

507.17714.48595.13592.41

519.66589.18497.75541.02674.08516.09414.65486.75558.87487.63540.76538.01

472.39

281.47

700.39

$413.70418.55

418.08

374.24381.35413.82

421.70413.66374.12410.34454.16449.34

479.95471.54537.61596.64383.96

464.94491.30

468.24459.89

469.56393.43401.19478.16459.98498.15632.02454.16

566.22

517.92714.88610.06620.73562.26

522.52594.96552.86546.46770.96551.75430.69486.14566.91494.48545.56517.44

482.78

292.00

653.37

$426.62437.30

418.91

394.74405.17431.20

433.76418.32380.09404.54451.14453.10

483.66476.73534.96613.80375.30

469.45495.10

470.96446.45

480.25413.48413.60481.34466.23518.60653.13486.55

581.20

523.34709.88607.05656.04576.82

535.99610.20593.40558.54775.53557.60409.45512.88577.15520.20544.10530.52

459.81

294.33

667.62

p = preliminary.NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1993benchmarks.

122


HOUSEHOLD DATAREGIONS AND DIVISIONSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1


Census region anddivision

1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

NORTHEAST


Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate

New England



Middle Atlantic



SOUTH



South Atlantic



East South Central



West South Central




39,59625,56223,754

1,8077.1

10,2187,0556,599

4576.5

29,35818,50617,1551,351

7.3

66,91144,40041,547

2,8536.4

35,12823,03221,608

1,4256.2

11,9907,4757,024

4516.0

20,77913,89212,915

9777.0

39,59925,52723,772

1,7556.9

10,2196,9796,547

4326.2

29,36318,54817,2251,323

7.1

66,98944,57741,7902,787

6.3

35,17123,08121,740

1,3415.8

12,0027,4957,055

4405.9

20,80614,00112,995

1,0067.2

39,60125,46923,734

1,7356.8

10,2216,9636,541

4236.1

29,36618,50617,193

1,3137.1

67,05744,56741,9072,660

6.0

35,21223,13221,783

1,3505.8

12,0157,5227,111

4115.5

20,83213,91213,013

8996.5

39,69625,46423,765

1,7006.7

10,2216,9776,518

4596.6

29,47518,48817,2471,241

6.7

68,13644,90742,067

2,8406.3

35,25123,22521,750

1,4756.3

12,0277,6567,178

4786.2

20,85814,02713,139

8886.3

39,69725,37923,677

1,7026.7

10,2197,0316,588

4446.3

29,47818,34717,0891,258

6.9

68,20644,88242,040

2,8426.3

35,28823,28121,902

1,3795.9

12,0387,5997,109

4906.4

20,88114,00213,029

9736.9

39,69525,62223,794

1,8287.1

10,2167,0006,592

4075.8

29,47918,62317,202

1,4217.6

68,27344,68841,854

2,8346.3

35,32223,19721,777

1,4206.1

12,0477,5977,190

4075.4

20,90313,89412,8871,007

7.2

39,70025,41023,637

1,7737.0

10,2166,9096,519

3905.6

29,48418,50017,1171,383

7.5

68,34744,98342,238

2,7456.1

35,36023,23921,847

1,3916.0

12,0597,7187,294

4235.5

20,92714,02713,097

9306.6

39,70425,25023,652

1,5986.3

10,2156,8796,473

40C5.9

29,48818,37117,1791,191

6.5

68,42045,13642,459

2,6775.9

35,39923,29821,937

1,3615.8

12,0697,8197,423

3955.1

20,95114,01913,099

9216.6

39,71525,48823,848

1,6406.4

10,2176,9116,509

4025.8

29,49818,57817,3391,239

6.7

68,50644,93542,289

2,6465.9

35,44523,29522,013

1,2835.5

12,0837,6707,246

4245.5

20,97813,96913,030

9396.7

39,72025,70824,008

1,6996.6

10,2167,0046,571

4336.2

29,50418,70317,4371,266

6.8

68,58845,09442,434

2,6605.9

35,48723,23321,941

1,2915.6

12,0957,6967,269

4275.6

21,00614,16513,224

9416.6

39,73225,54823,904

1,6456.4

10,2176,9496,517

4326.2

29,51518,59917,3861,213

6.5

68,67445,25442,645

2,6095.8

35,53223,35322,138

1,2155.2

12,1087,7417,296

4455.8

21,03314,15913,211

9486.7

39,74925,43023,859

1,5716.2

10,2216,9446,569

3755.4

29,52818,48617,290

1,1966.5

68,76645,51142,904

2,6075.7

35,58023,62622,291

1,3345.6

12,1237,7707,362

4085.3

21,06314,11513,251

8646.1

39,75725,40823,821

1,5876.2

10,2206,9206,515

4055.9

29,53718,48817,3061,182

6.4

68,85345,73543,118

2,6175.7

35,62423,63422,359

1,2755.4

12,1377,9667,511

4545.7

21,09214,13513,247

8876.3

123


HOUSEHOLD DATAREGIONS AND DIVISIONSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1—Continued


Census region anddivision

1993

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1994

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

MIDWEST



East North Central



West North Central



WEST



Mountain



Pacific



46,28731,50029,632

1,8685.9

32,51621,85720,464

1,3936.4

13,4429,6439,168

4754.9

41,35727,91425,723

2,1917.8

11,0197,4327,009

4245.7

30,90920,48218,714

1,7678.6

46,31731,61429,792

1,8225.8

32,53521,98820,621

1,3676.2

13,4529,6269,171

4554.7

41,41527,93625,8482,088

7.5

11,0457,4727,055

4175.6

30,93720,46418,793

1,6718.2

46,34631,69629,880

1,8155.7

32,55322,11820,770

1,3496.1

13,4599,5779,111

4664.9

41,46928,03725,9972,041

7.3

11,0717,4877,107

3805.1

30,96320,55018,889

1,6618.1

46,03831,71029,819

1,8916.0

32,57022,12920,711

1,4186.4

13,4689,5819,108

4734.9

42,08328,58926,3022,287

8.0

11,0967,6227,232

3905.1

30,98720,96719,0701,897

9.0

46,05431,93130,188

1,7435.5

32,58222,33020,995

1,3356.0

13,4739,6019,193

4084.3

42,13328,60026,433

2,1677.6

11,1237,7947,394

4005.1

31,01020,80619,038

1,7678.5

46,06931,76829,929

1,8385.8

32,59122,23620,886

1,3506.1

13,4789,5329,044

4885.1

42,17528,51526,4562,059

7.2

11,1467,8027,408

3955.1

31,02920,71319,049

1,6648.0

46,09331,76430,100

1,6645.2

32,60822,18220,940

1,2435.6

13,4859,5829,161

4214.4

42,22228,41126,2182,193

7.7

11,1707,8007,392

4085.2

31,05220,61118,826

1,7858.7

46,11631,88630,371

1,5144.7

32,62222,18720,992

1,1955.4

13,4939,6989,380

3193.3

42,27128,45826,3902,068

7.3

11,1957,7677,348

4195.4

31,07520,69119,042

1,6498.0

46,14531,70530,273

1,4324.5

32,64322,04920,973

1,0764.9

13,5029,6569,300

3563.7

42,32728,07126,000

2,0717.4

11,2227,6377,229

4075.3

31,10520,43418,7701,664

8.1

46,17031,59029,903

1,6875.3

32,66021,96020,649

1,3116.0

13,5109,6309,254

3773.9

42,38128,27126,1872,084

7.4

11,2517,6997,290

4095.3

31,13020,57218,897

1,6758.1

46,20231,72130,116

1,6065.1

32,68221,95120,743

1,2085.5

13,5209,7719,373

3984.1

42,43628,70326,545

2,1587.5

11,2777,9327,476

4565.8

31,15920,77119,070

1,7028.2

46,23731,89730,307

1,5905.0

32,70622,16020,979

1,1815.3

13,5319,7379,328

4094.2

42,49628,61026,595

2,0167.0

11,3057,8507,409

4425.6

31,19120,76019,186

1,5747.6

46,26632,11330,503

1,6095.0

32,72622,33021,111

1,2195.5

13,5409,7839,392

3914.0

42,55328,68926,771

1,9176.7

11,3337,8737,444

4295.4

31,22020,81619,327

1,4897.2

1 These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing theofficial State estimates produced and published through the Local AreaUnemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.

2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the

various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District ofColumbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and

Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; WestNorth Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,Oregon, and Washington. Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with datafor 1993 and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issueof Employment and Earnings.

124


STATE LABOR FORCE DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted


State1993


1994

Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.p

Alabama


Alaska


Arizona


Arkansas


California1


Colorado


Connecticut


Delaware


District of Columbia


Florida1



1,993.01,840.7

152.47.6

300.5278.1

22.47.5

1,848.21,738.0

110.26.0

1,165.71,094.6

71.16.1

15,218.713,808.6

1,410.19.3

1,913.81,817.9

96.05.0

1,784.41,674.6

109.86.2

376.6355.2

21.45.7

309.2283.6

25.68.3

6,599.36,163.5

435.86.6

1,997.21,845.0

152.27.6

300.7278.1

22.57.5

1,851.51,739.5

112.06.1

1,166.81,095.9

70.96.1

15,314.813,836.51,478.3

1,929.11,832.1

97.05.0

1,785.61,676.5

109.16.1

376.6355.221.4

5.7

308.8283.025.7

8.3

6,574.76,120.0

454.76.9

1,999.21,847.1

152.17.6

302.3279.622.77.5

1,852.71,740.9

111.86.0

1,168.01,097.5

70.56.0

15,209.013,860.6

1,348.48.9

1,943.71,846.7

97.05.0

1,782.41,675.6

106.86.0

376.9354.922.05.8

308.5282.9

25.78.3

6,244.6444.5

6.6

1,995.11,847.4

147.77.4

302.0279.3

22.77.5

1,858.41,746.2

112.26.0

1,166.51,097.6

69.05.9

15,215.813,884.01,331.8

8.8

1,954.31,858.1

96.2

1,779.21,674.4

104.85.9

377.8355.122.76.0

309.8284.325.4

8.2

6,741.56,277.3

464.26.9

2,010.11,846.9

163.28.1

308.0281.526.5

8.6

1,929.41,833.9

95.55.0

1,200.31,133.2

67.25.6

15,625.614,040.71,584.9

10.1

1,968.01,855.2

112.85.7

1,796.61,716.2

80.44.5

371.3351.7

19.55.3

315.7281.4

34.310.9

6,798.46,286.1

512.37.5

1,987.01,848.8

138.27.0

311.3285.7

25.68.2

1,963.61,861.4

102.25.2

1,199.21,136.5

62.75.2

15,596.914,189.61,407.2

9.0

1,968.41,858.1

110.35.6

1,820.81,729.3

91.55.0

379.6360.5

19.05.0

298.4270.527.99.3

6,692.16,308.7

383.45.7

1,979.61,851.4

128.26.5

309.7284.2

25.68.3

1,996.21,886.7

109.55.5

1,199.31,139.3

60.05.0

15,547.214,205.0

1,342.28.6

1,958.31,856.2

102.05.2

1,806.01,712.7

93.35.2

382.4362.5

19.95.2

299.6270.429.2

6.761.66,266.0

495.67.3

1,974.01,859.5

114.55.8

309.3283.5

25.88.3

2,006.91,894.1

112.85.6

1,208.81,146.8

61.95.1

15,559.514,066.51,493.0

9.6

1,958.61,853.3

105.35.4

1,787.91,698.1

89.85.0

382.2361.021.2

5.5

303.1280.7

22.47.4

6,759.36,257.3

502.07.4

2,008.81,891.1

117.75.9

309.5283.8

25.78.3

2,003.81,885.4

118.55.9

1,207.91,141.4

66.55.5

15,513.214,224.9

1,288.38.3

1,969.31,866.2

103.15.2

1,767.61,675.4

92.25.2

387.5367.2

20.35.2

300.4277.722.67.5

6,779.46,313.1

466.36.9

2,007.71,889.1

118.65.9

309.9285.924.1

7.8

11,860.4

126.26.4

1,203.81,134.2

69.65.8

15,199.813,931.2

1,268.68.3

1,963.11,868.3

94.84.8

1,763.21,671.5

91.75.2

387.9369.4

18.54.8

302.4278.2

24.28.0

6,743.76,328.0

415.66.2

2,002.91,884.1

118.95.9

308.8283.924.98.1

1,975.81,861.0

114.85.8

1,208.81,140.3

68.55.7

15,333.613,950.2

1,383.49.0

1,992.41,899.2

93.24.7

1,767.51,676.4

91.15.2

387.5368.9

18.54.8

306.3280.8

25.58.3

6,708.76,295.7

413.06.2

2,024.81,896.7

128.16.3

308.6284.823.8

7.7

2,010.81,884.8

126.06.3

1,220.01,154.0

66.05.4

15,390.214,023.51,366.7

8.9

2,030.71,936.9

93.84.6

1,770.51,673.4

97.15.5

384.6368.2

16.44.3

302.4278.2

24.28.0

6,718.06,343.8

374.25.6

2,021.81,911.6

110.25.4

309.7286.822.97.4

2,037.81,896.4

141.56.9

1,220.01,160.6

59.44.9

15,462.714,172.4

1,290.38.3

2,031.91,949.5

82.44.1

1,762.41,667.0

95.45.4

381.3365.0

16.34.3

302.2279.8

22.57.4

6,843.16,385.7

457.56.7

125



C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued


State1993


1994


Georgia


Hawaii


Idaho


Illinois1


Indiana


Iowa


Kansas


Kentucky


Louisiana


Maine



3,503.23,302.0

201.25.7

582.1559.023.1

4.0

550.0517.132.96.0

5,964.05,480.3

483.78.1

2,961.82,812.4

149.45.0

1,560.21,499.6

60.73.9

1,319.51.252.6

66.95.1

1,792.81,684.9

107.96.0

1,868.31,734.5

133.87.2

627.8575.2

52.68.4

3,518.93,316.0

202.95.8

583.4560.3

23.14.0

551.3518.333.16.0

5,963.55,518.1

445.47.5

2,978.62,827.1

151.55.1

1,560.21,501.5

58.73.8

1,321.51,254.1

67.45.1

1,789.31,682.3

107.06.0

1,871.41,731.2

140.27.5

627.6575.951.68.2

3,526.23,325.2

201.05.7

583.3559.623.74.1

551.8520.031.8

5.8

5,998.85,640.0

358.86.0

2,991.62,840.6

151.15.0

1,558.21,500.4

57.83.7

1,320.81,253.9

66.85.1

1,788.51,682.2

106.35.9

1,879.71,734.3

145.37.7

626.5575.151.48.2

3,531.53,332.1

199.45.6

583.3559.424.04.1

553.7521.232.4

5.9

6,032.95,675.2

357.75.9

3,001.92,849.4

152.55.1

1,554.81,498.0

56.83.7

1,321.81,255.8

66.05.0

1,785.81,682.5

103.35.8

1,876.81,735.9

140.97.5

624.4574.749.7

8.0

3,583.83,325.3

258.57.2

605.3577.328.04.6

580.3551.329.0

5.0

5,998.65,600.1

398.56.6

2,992.62,824.8

167.85.6

1,552.11,479.8

72.34.7

1,335.81,249.3

86.46.5

1,809.21,728.0

81.34.5

1,924.41,761.3

163.28.5

628.0568.659.49.5

3,604.03,374.5

229.66.4

597.7569.028.7

4.8

591.5560.431.1

5.3

6,016.65,633.5

383.16.4

3,013.32,861.2

152.15.0

1,565.91,500.9

65.04.2

1,327.71,255.4

72.25.4

1,814.81,715.2

5.5

1,925.01,775.7

149.37.8

632.5585.547.0

7.4

3,593.33,373.4

219.96.1

593.7562.531.25.3

595.7564.631.1

5.2

6,029.75,667.2

362.56.0

3,007.12,853.1

154.05.1

1,541.61,485.9

55.63.6

1,336.91,259.3

77.65.8

1,801.51,714.8

86.84.8

1,892.51,738.6

153.98.1

625.1582.242.96.9

3,582.23,382.1

200.15.6

601.6568.133.55.6

596.7569.0

27.74.6

6,075.75,740.2

335.55.5

2,998.02,850.4

147.54.9

1,524.51,470.0

54.53.6

1,347.81,267.4

80.46.0

1,792.11,704.0

88.14.9

1,917.81,757.2

160.68.4

619.6579.8

39.86.4

3,562.53,373.8

188.85.3

599.5567.4

32.05.3

594.4566.2

28.24.7

6,058.65,709.5

349.15.8

3,018.72,874.4

144.34.8

1,549.51,493.9

55.53.6

1,356.71,290.9

65.94.9

1,804.21,718.4

85.84.8

1,937.01,783.1

153.97.9

611.9576.635.2

5.8

3,616.43,424.6

191.85.3

593.7561.831.95.4

593.0562.8

30.25.1

6,036.05,745.2

290.84.8

3,003.42,862.4

141.04.7

1,559.01,504.6

54.43.5

1,348.31,282.4

65.94.9

1,794.41,706.5

87.94.9

1,918.11,771.8

146.47.6

611.8573.538.4

6.3

3,618.03,410.5

207.55.7

592.3557.7

34.65.8

591.2562.1

29.14.9

5,975.85,601.3

374.46.3

2,972.42,817.8

154.75.2

1,557.81,511.6

46.23.0

1,344.91,274.2

70.75.3

1,813.61,718.2

95.45.3

1,950.11,799.1

151.17.7

619.3575.144.27.1

3,608.53,420.1

188.55.2

591.7555.5

36.26.1

590.0563.726.24.4

5,985.85,646.0

339.85.7

2,976.42,824.9

151.55.1

1,559.11,508.0

51.03.3

1,339.61,273.2

66.45.0

1,826.21,737.2

4.9

1,974.21,818.9

155.37.9

617.2574.243.07.0

3,621.23,425.1

196.15.4

595.0557.7

37.46.3

594.3564.5

29.95.0

5,951.95,612.0

339.95.7

3,039.62,891.2

148.44.9

1,567.41,516.2

51.13.3

1,329.31,262.7

66.65.0

1,827.71,735.5

92.25.0

1,977.11,825.3

151.97.7

614.1571.342.87.0

126





State

Maryland


Massachusetts1


Michigan1


Minnesota

Civilian labor forceEmployed .. .UnemployedUnemployment rate

Mississippi


Missouri


Montana


Nebraska


Nevada


New Hampshire


1993

Sept.

2,674.42,509.6

164.86.2

3,185.02,962.7

222.37.0

4,717.04,396.4

320.66.8

2,475.12,349.8

125.35.1

1,219.41,143.4

76.062

2,651.62,478.3

173.36.5

428.1402.8

25.35.9

856.5835.9

20.524

751.6695.8

55.87.4

622.3582 040.3

6.5

Oct.

2,680.82,517.2

163.66.1

3,191.22,976.3

214.96.7

4,736.64,409.5

327.169

2,475.92,350.6

125.35.1

1,222.51,145.9

76.763

2,657.32,483.3

173.965

430.0404.5

25.55.9

859.8839.0

20.824

757.2701.455.9

7.4

623.2583 2

40.06.4

Nov.

2,680.42,518.4

161.96.0

3,175.42,971.7

203.76.4

4,713 94,383.2

330.770

2,483.42,361.6

121.849

1,221.61,146.2

75.462

2,658.42,485.2

173.165

425.2399.8

25.36.0

860.6840.5

20.123

760.2704.8

55.37.3

622.7583 8

38.86.2

Dec.

2,682.82,521.1

161.76.0

3,161.72,965.8

195.96.2

4 748.24,399.3

348.973

2,487.02,367.1

119.84.8

1,221.91,147.6

74.36 1

2,660.82,488.1

172.765

430.1404.825.3

5.9

862.1841.6

20.424

764.7709.0

55.77.3

621.5583 8

37.76.1

Jan.

2,689.92,523.7

166.26.2

3,172.02,943.8

228.27.2

4,803 ?4,440.6

362.675

2,539.62,426.3

113.34.5

1,226.51,141.8

84.769

2,667.42,523.8

143.554

434.8410.4

24.45.6

890.7868.5

22.325

768.1729.438.8

5.0

627.0596 8

30.24.8

Feb.

2,698.72,535.7

163.06.0

3,130.22,930.4

199.96.4

4,796.04,416.3

379.879

2,582.22,475.0

107.34.2

1,216.31,131.3

85.070

2,637.82,495.1

142.75.4

433.9410.6

23.25.4

899.2873.7

25.528

779.4741.438.0

4.9

618.2585.0

33.25.4

Mar.

2,661.72,511.0

150.75.7

3,141.62,956.6

185.05.9

4,752.84,445.0

307.76.5

2,545.22,436.3

108.94.3

1,215.21,130.9

84.269

2,643.82,488.8

155.05.9

437.2414.8

22.35.1

892.2863.9

28.33.2

780.2741.139.1

5.0

625.7596.9

28.84.6

Apr.

2,645.02,502.7

142.35.4

3,127.32,937.1

190.26.1

4,817.94,541.5

276.457

2,562.92,455.3

107.64.2

1,229.21,140.0

89.273

2,646.82,515.3

131.650

440.5417.3

23.25.3

881.7855.3

26.430

779.2738.041.2

5.3

623.5594.6

28.94.6

1994

May

2,658.82,514.8

144.05.4

3,155.52,972.5

183.05.8

4,769.14,498.7

270.55.7

2,594.22,504.0

90.33.5

1,240.01,150.0

90.073

2,643.92,511.0

132.95.0

438.5418.0

20.54.7

883.6856.1

27.63.1

772.2730.541.7

5.4

617.0587.4

29.54.8

J _ _

June

2,663.82,525.1

138.75.2

3,158.32,969.2

189.16.0

4,735.64,480.0

255.65.4

2,550.92,459.2

91.73.6

1,244.31,162.8

81.56.6

2,658.22,536.7

121.54.6

437.1419.1

18.04 1

876.1848.8

27.33.1

775.7731.044.7

5.8

621.8592.5

29.34.7

July

2,671.12,525.5

145.65.5

3,218.93,027.5

191.45.9

4,745.54,462.3

283.26.0

2,516.12,428.9

87.23.5

1,248.31,165.8

82.56.6

2,661.72,543.2

118.54.5

439.4419.6

19.94.5

874.9851.8

23.126

779.1734.145.0

5.8

627.3596.930.4

4.8

Aug.

2,682.62.540.2

142.35.3

3,172.02,984.2

187.85.9

4,743.64,447.0

296.66.3

2,547.22,455.2

91.93.6

1,255.01,175.9

79.16.3

2,682.72,560.4

122 34.6

440.0418.9

21.14.8

877.4856.7

20.72.4

783.9735.848.2

6.1

630.5601.2

29.44.7

Sept.P

2,703.22,561.3

141.95.2

3,180.73,014.2

166.55.2

4,810.04,544.5

265.55.5

2,545.22,451.9

93.33.7

1,240.41,175.8

64.65.2

2,706.22,590.1

116.24 3

438.8416.5

22.35.1

882.0858.5

23.52.7

788.6743.345.2

5.7|

625.6601.2

24.43.9


127





State1993


1994


New Jersey1


New Mexico


New York1


North Carolina1


North Dakota


Ohio1


Oklahoma


Oregon


Pennsylvania1


Rhode Island



3,988.33,683.3

305.07.6

760.1701.558.57.7

8,556.87,928.0

628.87.3

3,523.83,371.8

152.04.3

320.9306.9

14.04.4

5,459.55,071.5

388.07.1

1.519.51,426.5

93.06.1

1,595.11,483.7

111.47.0

5,915.25,506.6

408.66.9

509.7470.5

39.27.7

3,992.33,723.3

269.06.7

762.2703.8

58.57.7

8,624.77,954.1

670.67.8

3,547.63,384.1

163.54.6

321.4307.2

14.14.4

5,474.75,117.6

357.16.5

1,523.51,429.1

94.36.2

1,602.61,493.2

109.46.8

5,889.15,477.9

411.27.0

509.7469.4

40.37.9

4,042.73,786.1

256.66.3

760.0702.957.17.5

8,605.87,954.7

651.17.6

3,553.63,409.5

144.14.1

321.4307.7

13.74.3

5,511.95,153.2

358.76.5

1,523.81,430.1

93.76.1

1,613.41,504.9

108.66.7

5,899.45,484.1

415.37.0

510.3469.4

40.98.0

4,018.93,736.6

282.37.0

761.5704.8

56.77.4

8,597.07,943.3

653.77.6

3,565.23,417.4

147.84.1

321.7307.7

14.04.4

5,550.65,202.6

348.06.3

1,524.71,432.4

92.36.1

1,613.81,505.9

108.06.7

5,889.85,513.3

376.56.4

509.8468.6

41.28.1

4,065.73,787.7

278.06.8

782.5736.745.85.9

8,621.78,007.7

614.07.1

3.558.53,417.6

140.94.0

332.5316.7

15.84.7

5,513.25,178.0

335.26.1

1,580.61,478.9

101.76.4

1,608.61,493.1

115.57.2

5,800.25,451.2

349.16.0

523.7468.8

54.910.5

4,029.63,735.0

294.77.3

780.4740.240.2

5.2

8,578.27,906.5

671.77.8

3,586.83,401.6

185.25.2

332.7317.6

15.14.5

5,609.55,315.3

294.25.2

1,577.01,467.9

109.16.9

1.604.81,490.2

114.67.1

5,739.65,447.7

292.05.1

514.9475.8

39.17.6

4,022.93,703.8

319.17.9

775.2734.740.5

5.2

8,686.47,986.9

699.58.1

3,572.53,416.8

155.74.4

332.3316.4

16.04.8

5,595.45,266.2

329.25.9

1,563.01,458.1

104.96.7

1,608.21,507.7

100.56.3

5,913.65,511.1

402.56.8

510.3471.7

38.67.6

3,967.13,680.7

286.57.2

786.9745.941.0

5.2

8,652.37,946.8

705.58.2

3,587.43,448.9

138.53.9

331.4318.7

12.73.8

5,548.15,197.4

350.76.3

1,564.71,461.5

103.26.6

1,607.41,512.8

94.65.9

5,880.95,490.0

390.96.6

497.3466.5

30.86.2

3,928.23,655.9

272.26.9

785.1741.843.25.5

8,524.57,970.2

554.46.5

3,588.83,443.5

145.34.0

334.5322.3

12.23.7

5,598.25,234.6

363.66.5

1,565.51,469.9

95.56.1

1,642.41,547.0

95.35.8

5,918.05,553.1

364.96.2

498.6467.8

30.86.2

4,007.63,723.8

283.87.1

781.1741.7

39.45.0

8,600.67,999.8

600.87.0

3,560.33,429.3

131.13.7

334.1321.4

12.73.8

5,545.75,239.6

306.15.5

1,544.31,451.7

92.66.0

1,652.31,555.5

96.85.9

5,969.55,615.3

354.25.9

503.8471.0

32.86.5

4,060.53,799.2

261.46.4

781.5740.540.9

5.2

8,730.38,110.0

620.37.1

3,567.03,401.1

166.04.7

335.4322.7

12.73.8

5,472.45,153.0

319.35.8

1,543.71,451.2

92.56.0

1,670.11,579.1

91.05.4

5,912.55,527.9

384.66.5

503.0467.7

35.37.0

4,098.93,852.5

246.46.0

789.2746.842.3

5.4

8,633.18,035.2

598.06.9

3,612.73,423.8

188.85.2

335.7324.6

11.23.3

5,436.75,143.0

293.75.4

1,544.41,447.5

96.96.3

1,680.41,589.8

90.65.4

5,867.25,498.5

368.66.3

503.2465.7

37.57.5

4,098.53,824.3

274.26.7

784.5741.942.65.4

8,590.88,057.9

532.96.2

3,638.33,452.2

186.05.1

334.3323.5

10.83.2

5,519.95,217.2

302.75.5

1,550.01,460.6

89.45.8

1,678.41,594.8

83.65.0

5,796.75,408.2

388.56.7

501.7464.8

36.97.3

128





State1993

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Aug. Sept.P

South Carolina


South Dakota


Tennessee


Texas1


Utah


Vermont


Virginia


Washington


West Virginia


Wisconsin


Wyoming


1,828.71,686.2

142.57.8

360.3348.2

12.13.4

2,510.32,370.3

140.05.6

9,254.28,629.8

624.46.7

922.9888.8

34.13.7

316.6299.9

16.75.3

3,375.23,211.4

163.84.9

2,703.02,502.1

200.97.4

793.0709.7

83.410.5

2,723.22,598.2

125.14.6

239.3226.5

12.95.4

1,830.21,689.2

141.07.7

360.6348.8

11.83.3

2,516.52,378.5

138.05.5

9,339.48,665.2

674.27.2

927.0893.7

33.23.6

317.8301.1

16.65.2

3,375.43,215.2

160.24.7

2,711.32,511.0

200.37.4

794.6711.683.010.4

2,729.22,603.0

126.24.6

240.0226.9

13.25.5

1,828.01,687.2

140.87.7

361.3349.4

11.93.3

2,516.72,380.5

136.15.4

9,359.18,718.1

641.06.8

930.5897.9

32.63.5

317.9301.7

16.25.1

3,383.83,223.0

160.84.8

2,713.32,516.6

196.77.3

796.1713.682.510.4

2,735.62,605.9

129.74.7

239.9226.8

13.15.4

1,829.61,688.8

140.87.7

361.2349.1

12.13.4

2,515.22,382.6

132.65.3

9,301.48,690.7

610.76.6

933.2901.531.73.4

317.1301.1

16.05.0

3,386.53,228.3

158.34.7

2,723.62,524.8

198.87.3

795.3714.580.810.2

2,743.22,611.0

132.24.8

240.9227.7

13.25.5

1,792.21,688.9

103.25.8

362.3354.1

8.22.3

2,596.22,449.7

146.55.6

9,314.78,759.8

555.06.0

963.3932.730.53.2

306.9292.2

14.74.8

3,395.73,231.1

164.64.8

2,800.62,647.2

153.45.5

772.6687.8

84.711.0

2,799.12,672.3

126.84.5

252.5231.920.5

8.1

1,830.71,712.3

118.56.5

367.8357.6

10.32.8

2,597.62,445.7

151.85.8

9,307.38,661.5

645.86.9

972.8939.7

33.23.4

311.4295.5

15.95.1

3,390.03,216.8

173.25.1

2,761.82,589.8

172.06.2

773.4690.8

82.510.7

2,844.32,700.5

143.75.1

250.7233.8

16.96.7

1,813.01,691.9

121.06.7

369.6358.5

11.03.0

2,611.42,471.6

139.85.4

9,317.28,623.4

693.87.4

980.4946.733.73.4

317.2301.8

15.44.8

3,398.33,233.3

165.14.9

2,743.12,564.7

178.46.5

777.4698.2

79.310.2

2,826.72,691.1

135.74.8

1,821.51,693.9

127.77.0

369.2358.8

10.42.8

2,641.32,518.1

123.24.7

9,354.38,761.4

592.96.3

979.1944.534.63.5

315.6302.9

12.74.0

3,452.33,273.5

178.85.2

2,711.42,548.7

162.76.0

770.9702.668.3

8.9

2,802.42,669.3

133.04.7

1,821.41,705.4

116.06.4

371.2360.4

10.72.9

2,643.72,526.7

117.14.4

9,372.48,745.3

627.16.7

984.7948.136.63.7

310.4296.8

13.64.4

3,448.73,264.1

184.65.4

2,696.02,526.5

169.56.3

776.5706.669.99.0

2,788.42,671.7

116.74.2

1,820.11,710.3

109.86.0

371.6360.2

11.43.1

2,624.42,503.1

121.34.6

9,414.58,780.6

634.06.7

983.3950.2

33.13.4

309.4297.0

12.34.0

3,402.93,227.0

175.95.2

2,716.72,539.3

177.46.5

784.3709.275.19.6

2,804.62,683.7

121.04.3

1,826.41,715.5

110.96.1

372.9362.0

10.92.9

2,628.32,507.9

120.44.6

9,500.08,853.7

646.36.8

986.6

37.03.8

309.2296.0

13.14.2

3,399.83,226.8

173.05.1

2,708.82,545.6

163.26.0

786.8718.268.5

8.7

2,809.32,683.6

125.74.5

1,835.61,726.1

109.56.0

374.6363.9

10.72.8

2,623.02,500.4

122.64.7

9,416.58,791.0

625.56.6

991.8956.8

35.03.5

311.0296.7

14.24.6

3,421.63,250.6

171.15.0

2,741.92,573.3

168.66.1

787.8717.0

70.89.0

2,815.12,689.9

125.24.4

250.7234.5

16.26.5

249.1232.5

16.66.7

249.7234.7

15.06.0

249.4234.4

15.06.0

249.6236.4

13.25.3

248.7235.6

13.15.3

1,833.71,725.5

108.25.9

373.5362.0

11.53.1

2,637.22,512.5

124.74.7

9,334.18,751.2

582.96.2

951.934.93.5

312.4297.9

14.44.6

3,455.23,287.4

167.84.9

2,716.32,558.6

157.85.8

781.9721.061.0

7.8

2,821.62,694.5

127.14.5

248.0236.7

11.34.5

1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See theExplanatory Notes And Estimates of Error Section for Region, State, and Area LaborForce Data.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data, beginning 1994, are not directly

comparable with those for 1993 and prior years as a result of the redesign of the CPS.In addition, data comparisons are affected by the incorporation of 1990 census-basedpopulation controls (covering the 1990-93 period) and other methodological changes.For additional information, see "Revisions in State and Area Estimates EffectiveJanuary 1994" in the March 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

129


STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas


State and area


Sept.1993

1,980.6421.0159.3240.9145.372.4

302.5133.4

1,853.41,174.2

334.9

1,163.3123.391.2

277.837.2

15,261.4273.5435.1

4,418.3196.7

1,096.51,305.71,235.7

679.4173.5

1,198.8898.9831.3190.5222.9247.8234.1369.2

1.939.4150.9990.2

1,772.8226.9114.8621.8279.7189.3119.2

373.5277.7

307.12,552.1

6,602.7184.5692.6156.397.6

482.2188.6204.1

1,015.8723.4164.0235.0136.5

1,024.6433.7

Aug.1994

2,020.4432.8158.2247.6150.174.1

317.3137.1

2,005.41,264.8

362.5

1,227.4134.295.5

296.338.5

15,547.3274.4438.7

4,439.0209.7

1,130.81,338.41,271.8

708.1178.4

1,223.5915.7855.8193.8225.6252.2238.3374.1

2,061.4156.1

,j ,032.6

1,808.6229.7117.7633.5277.3194.9122.0

388.2284.6

306.02,600.2

6,800.8188.0718.5163.398.1

492.4194.7208.4

1,059.0757.9166.3241.0138.5

1,046.6440.7

Sept.1994P

2,009.9433.0158.6245.4148.874.8

311.5136.8

2,037.81,284.2

369.0

1,215.8133.694.9

292.738.3

15,464.8275.2435.7

4,413.0207.5

1,119.31,331.01.277.2

703.8176.6

1,214.3906.4844.1193.4228.0252.2237.5371.8

2,055.9159.0

1,027.7

1,745.9220.4113.1617.3269.9186.3116.2

378.3279.5

300.22,586.3

6,833.9188.9721.0164.9101.8492.6196.0208.6

1,055.6759.8166.8241.3142.1

1,055.1445.3

Unemployed

Sept.1993

147.324.4

9.419.99.14.1

18.96.8

116.160.814.4

62.43.35.4

12.03.2

1,394.237.553.6

426.424.976.392.7

138.756.315.599.756.658.414.714.428.018.035.4

85.66.1

40.5

100.814.95.0

38.115.97.18.0

21.216.4

24.2113.7

451.511.844.7

8.94.0

25.819.414.874.242.8

8.111.76.0

63.439.8

Number

Aug.1994

131.120.6

8.317.78.34.0

18.86.6

130.061.815.7

63.43.54.9

12.03.2

1,341.334.748.7

456.024.674.379.4

124.849.414.691.354.153.813.414.025.217.732.8

89.16.4

42.5

101.714.64.9

37.416.57.78.2

17.813.8

23.3104.7

447.911.244.6

8.63.6

23.919.413.782.443.1

8.010.95.5

56.740.7

Sept.1994P

105.616.66.7

14.56.93.3

19.06.7

149.173.318.2

53.03.04.2

10.02.7

1,260.936.250.3

368.024.973.579.3

125.650.914.691.953.153.314.213.326.217.232.9

70.55.1

33.5

87.312.74.1

32.313.96.77.0

16.212.6

20.7102.1

469.311.847.6

9.13.7

25.619.414.086.444.9

8.311.45.9

59.242.4

Sept.1993

7.45.85.98.36.35.6

6.35.1

6.35.24.3

5.42.76.04.38.7

9.113.712.39.7

12.77.07.1

11.28.38.98.36.37.07.76.5

11.37.79.6

4.44.14.1

5.76.64.46.15.73.76.7

5.75.9

7.94.5

6.86.46.55.74.15.3

10.37.27.35.94.95.04.46.29.2


Aug.1994

6.54.85.37.25.55.3

5.94.8

6.54.94.3

5.22.65.14.18.2

8.612.611.110.311.76.65.99.87.08.27.55.96.36.96.2

10.07.48.8

4.34.14.1

5.66.44.25.95.93.96.7

4.64.9

7.64.0

6.66.06.25.23.64.8

10.06.67.85.74.84.54.05.49.2

Sept.1994P

5.33.84.35.94.74.4

6.14.9

7.35.74.9

4.42.24.43.47.1

8.213.211.58.3

12.06.66.09.87.28.37.65.96.37.35.8

10.47.28.9

3.43.23.3

5.05.83.65.25.23.66.0

4.34.5

6.93.9

6.96.36.65.53.65.29.96.78.25.95.04.74.25.69.5


AlaskaAnchorage



California1

BakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long Beach1

ModestoOaklandOrange CountyRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinasSan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta RosaStockton-LodiVallejo-Fairfield-NapaVentura


ConnecticutBridgeportDanburyHartfordNew Haven-MeridenStamford-NewarkWaterbury


District of ColumbiaWashington

Florida1

Daytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ...West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


130



C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued


State and area


Sept.1993

3,486.452.762.8

1,777.2204.7109.0140.3125.1

574.5418.5

550.6172.6

5,956.175.292.7

3,941.1181.859.649.0

169.3183.6103.2

2,959.960.191.1

150.9251.8294.3759.552.087.564.9

130.573.8

1,549.9104.3244.549.262.563.668.5

1,308.549.089.0

266.2

1,788.4234.3504.144.7

1,864.655.0

269.175.0

152.078.064.3

582.1168.8

625.549.2

119.3

Aug.1994

3,612.353.263.3

1,870.4204.9111.3141.6126.1

592.7428.3

596.4191.1

6,019.875.289.4

3,997.9186.759.549.6

171.6184.1110.7

3,002.658.794.3

150.5259.9291.3784.1

51.586.964.0

129.470.2

1,566.9105.0253.7

49.864.664.167.4

1,339.848.291.6

269.9

1,832.9236.0524.547.3

1,987.157.6

283.580.4

163.283.467.9

613.9183.1

630.749.7

118.2

Sept.1994P

3,602.253.361.9

1,869.3205.2111.3142.2126.1

586.3424.4

592.6189.1

5,947.076.590.4

3,945.1185.058.448.6

169.6181.6104.6

3,036.158.694.4

150.3261.8296.3786.9

52.991.066.5

135.071.4

1,559.5105.3250.448.464.263.868.0

1,318.248.889.0

266.6

1,821.8238.4518.746.2

1,969.757.0

283.779.1

160.782.267.4

609.5181.2

611.549.3

115.7

Unemployed

Sept.1993

198.94.52.7

92.115.17.68.47.6

23.013.3

27.26.9

449.03.15.1

294.110.76.14.0

13.316.95.6

134.81.74.16.5

10.517.829.62.42.63.25.74.2

54.13.27.91.51.71.63.4

63.32.54.3

15.1

100.18.5

22.72.5

131.03.6

18.04.79.95.54.2

40.411.3

43.54.06.7

Number

Aug.1994

185.44.62.5

86.012.27.08.57.3

36.620.8

24.86.2

319.82.33.4

208.87.94.53.17.99.14.7

141.22.33.77.0

11.216.532.4

2.52.73.45.44.5

47.02.66.01.41.51.82.9

65.42.54.2

15.3

80.97.3

20.02.2

160.34.2

21.55.7

12.27.15.1

47.413.8

34.73.04.9

Sept.1994P

190.84.42.7

90.812.66.98.67.4

37.021.0

24.46.2

299.02.43.1

196.07.84.13.07.78.34.4

132.62.03.16.6

10.216.130.7

2.92.83.05.43.9

45.52.66.31.21.51.82.6

63.02.44.3

14.5

86.17.9

20.92.1

147.33.9

19.24.9

11.66.44.7

44.713.3

33.92.94.8

Sept.1993

5.78.54.35.27.46.96.06.1

4.03.2

4.94.0

7.54.15.57.55.9

10.28.27.89.25.4

4.62.84.54.34.26.03.94.73.04.94.45.7

3.53.13.23.02.62.64.9

4.85.14.85.7

5.63.64.55.6

7.06.66.76.36.57.06.56.96.7

7.08.15.6


Aug.1994

5.18.63.94.66.06.36.05.8

6.24.9

4.23.2

5.33.03.75.24.27.66.24.64.94.2

4.73.93.94.74.35.74.14.83.15.44.26.3

3.02.52.42.72.32.94.3

4.95.24.65.7

4.43.13.84.7

8.17.37.67.17.58.57.57.77.5

5.56.04.2

Sept.1994P

5.38.24.34.96.26.26.15.8

6.34.9

4.13.3

5.03.23.45.04.27.06.24.54.64.2

4.43.53.34.43.95.43.95.53.14.64.05.4

2.92.42.52.52.42.73.9

4.85.04.95.4

4.73.34.04.6

7.56.86.86.27.27.86.97.37.3

5.55.84.1


HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

Illinois1

Bloomington-NormalChampaign-UrbanaChicagoDavenport-Moline-Rock Island ..DecaturKankakeePeoria-PekinRockfordSpringfield








131





State and area


Sept.1993

2,682.81,216.4

3,166.21,737.0

120.968.2

189.2153.282.641.5

288.9245.4

4,706.9274.8

81.52,112.4

196.9517.8

73.6223.2233.6192.2

2,478.4116.1

1,509.664.287.2

1,217.7210.7

2,636.6866.7

1,266.0150.2

425.9

851.3130.6345.9

751.7536.6161.0

614.994.693.9

117.5

3,965.1171.1647.9277.9573.0487.7982.9166.462.8

757.8330.2

60.474.2

Aug.1994

2,711.41,227.8

3,212.01,779.1

122.068.4

191.4152.781.442.6

282.3245.7

4,825.0278.0

85.12,151.8

199.2529.8

75.6227.0234.1198.9

2,565.6118.3

1,573.966.189.2

1,254.7219.1

2,696.5910.9

1,307.8154.7

446.0

885.0132.3355.7

786.4570.3164.7

639.697.596.5

122.4

4,117.6181.4666.5285.6599.9519.0

1,016.5171.663.8

786.4344.8

61.679.0

Sept.1994?

2,710.21,227.5

3,165.01,751.5

120.767.9

187.4151.380.741.0

283.8243.5

4,797.3281.1

83.72,141.6

198.7528.8

75.1229.6236.5197.0

2,542.1116.1

1,549.465.089.4

1,239.7217.2

2,690.7896.3

1,302.3157.1

436.1

874.4131.9351.9

787.3572.6165.6

618.095.294.6

117.3

4,085.3175.7664.9286.5594.3506.5

1,009.2170.264.6

781.2345.7

62.377.3

Unemployed

Sept.1993

163.190.1

223.5110.2

9.95.1

17.412.78.63.3

22.016.8

309.211.55.6

147.918.326.9

5.111.611.012.4

124.08.0

69.52.44.5

78.410.1

162.345.981.6

6.9

20.7

19.02.69.1

54.841.2

9.9

37.35.66.45.5

291.615.650.327.034.032.076.710.36.6

56.123.0

4.82.8

Number

Aug.1994

137.475.0

181.190.48.34.5

13.310.26.82.9

18.112.1

280.310.64.9

122.815.925.1

4.911.510.012.2

85.36.4

45.81.83.2

81.610.5

127.942.562.44.9

16.2

20.83.09.5

47.736.08.5

28.34.74.94.8

246.612.542.223.029.026.862.6

9.15.6

42.114.34.12.6

Sept.1994P

139.875.4

169.684.8

7.64.1

11.89.36.62.8

17.111.3

253.011.14.4

111.714.721.7

4.311.59.2

11.0

92.06.6

50.62.13.0

66.08.4

105.436.053.04.4

17.5

21.73.29.6

45.637.2

8.2

21.83.63.83.7

260.514.444.825.228.828.265.8

9.46.0

41.113.93.92.7

Sept.1993

6.17.4

7.16.38.27.49.28.3

10.48.07.66.8

6.64.26.97.09.35.27.05.24.76.5

5.06.94.63.75.2

6.44.8

6.25.36.44.6

4.9

2.22.02.6

7.37.76.2

6.16.06.84.7

7.49.17.89.75.96.67.86.2

10.5

7.47.0 •8.03.8


Aug.1994

5.16.1

5.65.16.86.66.96.78.46.96.44.9

5.83.85.85.78.04.76.55.14.36.1

3.35.42.92.83.6

6.54.8

4.74.74.83.2

3.6

2.42.32.7

6.16.35.1

4.44.85.13.9

6.06.96.38.04.85.26.25.38.8

5.34.16.73.3

Sept.1994P

5.26.1

5.44.86.36.06.36.28.16.86.04.6

5.33.95.25.27.44.15.75.03.95.6

3.65.73.33.23.3

5.33.9

3.94.04.12.8

4.0

2.52.42.7

5.86.55.0

3.53.84.03.1

6.48.26.78.84.85.66.55.59.2

5.34.06.33.5

MarylandBaltimore

Massachusetts1

BostonBrocktonFitchburg-LeominsterLawrenceLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

Michigan1

Ann ArborBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ..JacksonKalamazoo-Battle-CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St.PaulRochesterSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson

MissouriKansas CitySt. Louis LMASpringfield

Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno

NewH{ManchesterNashuaPortsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey1

Atlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-HunterdonMonmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton



132





State and area


Sept.1993

8,475.5444.7125.3566.1119.641.859.5

1,334.03,820.83,202.0

166.3552.4362.0140.2

3,528.2103.7669.4593.6549.9

323.647.489.465.5

5,450.0345.6199.1797.3

1,069.8750.7462.3303.5279.6

1,518.526.941.4

490.4375.8

1,605.3150.880.0

917.9159.4

5,903.8273.8

63.0141.1330.5106.4229.1

2,434.71,165.0

177.4342.3

53.965.456.4

189.1

510.1584.7

1,835.0244.3249.9462.6

361.542.881.5

Aug.1994

8,690.3460.3126.0581.0116.243.071.4

1,356.03,904.73,269.0

172.8577.0369.0145.6

3,647.1107.9695.4610.6546.8

347.050.692.768.0

5,537.7352.2202.7814.3

1,086.2757.6465.1303.8286.2

1,541.127.343.1

495.7375.7

1,704.6158.782.9

968.6165.7

5,954.7277.1

65.2142.4332.5107.7233.2

2,466.41,174.0

179.3349.0

55.064.057.2

190.6

506.7581.5

1,859.2250.2257.0474.2

383.444.886.5

Sept.1994^

8,497.5450.7124.6573.6115.942.262.3

1,335.93,800.83,181.0

169.2568.5365.1142.5

3,639.6106.3691.2611.9545.0

336.848.991.167.5

5,514.4352.0200.2808.1

1,077.6752.4466.3305.4285.6

1,543.227.142.9

486.7376.5

1,690.7157.883.9

962.5163.3

5,799.0269.6

63.4139.2320.2104.1226.7

2,419.71,137.4

174.9338.9

53.764.156.3

186.4

501.6576.0

1,840.9245.9252.9471.3

374.543.585.1

Unemployed

Sept.1993

604.820.8

8.236.911.12.23.6

91.0313.9277.3

10.525.721.98.5

130.83.3

25.418.814.4

12.31.72.71.8

351.018.414.345.769.539.824.818.721.9

90.51.02.7

24.922.7

107.710.66.0

54.410.3

372.817.94.19.1

14.19.89.2

158.772.0

9.223.84.73.44.09.8

38.147.0

144.517.315.126.9

10.41.62.0

Number

Aug.1994

579.821.1

8.034.2

7.12.13.6

80.1311.4278.0

9.429.719.16.9

179.14.6

30.225.420.0

11.61.52.22.0

267.815.510.435.355.627.319.314.523.0

87.71.32.5

23.421.4

81.37.75.3

39.27.4

367.217.54.08.9

14.49.79.2

150.873.8

8.624.8

3.83.13.88.9

33.640.1

111.715.110.721.7

11.41.72.1

Sept.1994P

505.919.57.3

30.06.82.03.4

73.2259.9229.0

8.427.118.06.4

163.94.2

28.022.617.8

9.41.41.91.4

270.616.010.135.957.127.819.514.522.0

85.51.12.6

22.720.9

79.77.44.7

39.37.3

356.116.94.08.8

14.19.39.2

151.369.5

8.523.0

3.63.24.18.3

35.341.0

111.215.210.821.7

10.01.62.1

Sept.1993

7.14.76.66.59.35.46.06.88.28.76.34.76.06.0

3.73.23.83.22.6

3.83.63.02.8

6.45.37.25.76.55.35.46.27.8

6.03.66.55.16.0

6.77.17.55.96.4

6.36.56.56.54.39.24.06.56.25.26.98.75.27.15.2

7.58.0

7.97.16.15.8

2.93.82.4


Aug.1994

6.74.66.35.96.14.85.05.98.08.55.45.15.24.8

4.94.24.34.23.6

3.33.02.43.0

4.84.45.14.35.13.64.14.88.1

5.74.95.94.75.7

4.84.86.44.04.4

6.26.36.16.34.39.03.96.16.34.87.16.94.86.74.7

6.66.9

6.06.04.14.6

3.03.72.5

Sept.1994P

6.04.35.85.25.94.75.45.56.87.25.04.84.94.5

4.54.04.13.73.3

2.82.92.12.1

4.94.55.14.45.33.74.24.87.7

5.54.16.04.75.5

4.74.75.64.14.5

6.16.36.46.34.48.94.16.36.14.96.86.75.07.34.4

7.07.1

6.06.24.34.6

2.73.62.5

New York1

Albany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York

New York City1

NewburghRochesterSyracuseUtica-Rome

North Carolina1

AshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North DakotaBismarckFargo-Moorhead .Grand Forks

Ohio1

AkronCanton-MassillonCincinnatiCleveland-Lorain-ElyriaColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma City .Tulsa

OregonEugene-Springfield ..Medford-AshlandPortland-Vancouver.Salem

Pennsylvania1

Allentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphiaPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton .SharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork


South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ...



133





State and area


Sept.1993

2,537.5216.6223.1328.6491.6565.0

9,236.259.0

105.3556.2185.1106.8116.669.1

170.91,634.3

278.2798.7126.4

1,942.3104.863.399.8

118.2168.3117.749.7

691.246.756.780.741.397.062.6

933.4137.2598.6

318.992.2

3,359.471.158.7

106.4685.9486.4126.9

2,699.21,180.2

791.4127.0131.774.670.9

2,723.5205.0

71.9117.074.870.566.0

236.2755.389.257.565.9

241.230.6

Aug.1994

2,653.9225.9225.6342.7506.7600.4

9,437.257.8

108.7575.1186.8107.9121.067.6

175.41,710.6

280.0819.8128.3

1,967.0109.266.6

100.8120.9173.6118.650.6

700.445.857.582.542.598.563.3

1,004.3145.4644.0

312.291.6

3,455.770.259.5

107.0724.0500.4129.3

2,738.01,204.3

792.9129.1131.075.272.6

2,845.9213.8

74.2125.677.071.868.6

244.8784.994.061.070.0

253.030.8

Sept.1994"

2,659.5224.9225.3340.8512.3598.6

9,320.757.6

106.9575.3184.7106.9119.569.2

171.91.683.4

276.4809.8125.7

1,930.6108.866.299.8

118.9173.0117.650.2

692.646.256.881.042.1

100.462.9

995.8148.8634.0

315.292.4

3,436.271.659.5

108.1716.6496.8128.8

2,708.61,182.1

782.4127.0128.974.771.5

2.818.4211.5

74.7124.376.672.268.1

244.1773.893.060.168.5

249.530.8

unempioysu

Sept.1993

133.211.111.913.325.622.0

596.93.34.6

20.318.77.5

12.62.0

14.090.026.444.6

9.9133.1

5.75.78.15.1

27.38.32.7

36.43.14.65.02.25.03.2

33.74.3

20.9

14.13.4

159.12.43.54.7

36.721.8

5.8

174.971.4

77.99.6

12.56.05.9

108.27.23.14.54.63.12.74.6

31.54.91.72.5

11.11.8

Number

Aug.1994

125.010.112.112.823.819.6

581.13.04.3

20.617.67.7

12.62.2

15.486.925.743.210.4

124.05.65.48.05.6

27.38.42.2

34.42.84.84.72.54.93.3

37.94.8

23.4

12.02.8

169.32.64.74.6

40.423.6

5.0

147.558.8

67.88.2

10.34.54.5

118.37.43.14.63.73.42.45.1

35.65.11.93.3

11.81.8

Sept.1994P

116.510.110.611.722.918.0

557.92.74.1

19.716.47.8

12.42.1

14.483.625.041.2

9.8120.5

5.45.37.54.7

27.98.32.2

32.32.84.54.12.34.83.2

34.44.5

21.1

12.32.9

162.02.64.15.1

39.423.7

4.7

134.255.6

55.66.89.14.14.4

110.47.02.84.33.83.22.15.0

33.44.62.03.0

9.41.4

Sept.1993

5.25.15.44.05.23.9

6.55.74.33.7

10.17.1

10.82.88.25.59.55.67.96.95.59.08.14.3

16.27.15.45.36.68.16.25.45.15.1

3.63.13.5

4.43.7

4.73.45.94.45.44.54.5

6.56.1

9.87.69.58.18.3

4.03.54.43.96.14.44.01.94.25.52.93.8

4.66.0


Aug.1994

4.74.55.43.74.73.3

6.25.24.03.69.47.2

10.43.38.85.19.25.38.16.35.18.18.04.7

15.77.14.44.96.18.45.75.85.05.3

3.83.33.6

3.83.1

4.93.77.84.35.64.73.8

5.44.9

8.66.47.95.96.1

4.23.44.13.74.74.73.42.14.55.43.14.7

4.75.8

Sept.1994P

4.44.54.73.44.53.0

6.04.63.93.48.97.3

10.33.18.45.09.05.17.86.24.98.07.63.9

16.17.14.34.76.17.95.05.64.75.0

3.53.03.3

3.93.1

4.73.66.84.75.54.83.6

5.04.7

7.15.47.15.56.2

3.93.33.83.54.94.53.12.14.35.03.34.3

3.84.6


Texas1

AbileneAmarillo ;

Austin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San BenitoBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFort Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Odgen

VermontBurlington

VirginiaCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke



WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper

1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See theExplanatory Notes and Estimates of Error Section for Region, State, and AreaLabor Force Data.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data, beginning 1994, are not directly

comparable with those for 1993 and prior years as a result of the redesign of the

CPS. In addition, data comparisons are affected by the incorporation of 1990census-based population controls (covering the 1990-93 period) and othermethodological changes. For additional information, see "Revisions in State andArea Estimates Effective January 1994" in the March 1994 issue of Employmentand Earnings. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of thispublication.

134


Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two ma-jor sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports fromemployers.

Data based on household interviews are obtained from theCurrent Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of thepopulation 16 years of age and over. The survey is conductedeach month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau ofLabor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on thelabor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classifiedby such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. Thesurvey also provides data on the characteristics and pastwork experience of those not in the labor force. Theinformation is collected by trained interviewers from asample of about 60,000 households located in 729 sampleareas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties andindependent cities in the U.S., with coverage in 50 States andthe District of Columbia. The data collected are based on theactivity or status reported for the calendar week includingthe 12th of the month.

Data based on establishment records are compiled eachmonth from mail questionnaires and telephone interviewsby the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with Stateagencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) surveyis designed to provide industry information on nonfarmwage and salary employment, average weekly hours,average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings forthe Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employ-ment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reportsfrom a sample of over 390,000 establishments employingover 47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The datarelate to all workers, full or part time, who receive payduring the payroll period which includes the 12th of themonth.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD ANDESTABLISHMENT SERIES

The household and establishment data complement oneanother, each providing significant types of information thatthe other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,

for example, are obtained only from the household survey,whereas detailed industrial classifications are much morereliably derived from establishment reports.

Data from these two sources differ from each otherbecause of variations in definitions and coverage, source ofinformation, methods of collection, and estimating proce-dures. Sampling variability and response errors are addition-al reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have adifferential effect on the levels and trends of the two dataseries are as follows.

Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employmentcomprises wage and salary workers (including domesticsand other private household workers), self-employed per-sons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or moreduring the reference week in family-operated enterprises.Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural indus-tries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage andsalary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.

Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides in-formation on the work status of the population withoutduplication, since each person is classified as employed,unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed personsholding more than one job are counted only once. In thefigures based on establishment reports, persons who workedin more than one establishment during the reporting periodare counted each time their names appear on payrolls.

Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includesamong the employed all civilians who had jobs but were notat work during the reference week—that is, were notworking but had jobs from which they were temporarilyabsent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcareproblems, labor-management disputes, or because they weretaking time off for various other reasons, even if they werenot paid by their employers for the time off. In the figuresbased on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by thecompany are included, but those on leave without pay forthe entire payroll period are not.

135


Hours of workThe household survey measures hours worked for all

workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for pri-vate production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by em-ployers. In the household survey, all persons with a job butnot at work are excluded from the hours distributions and thecomputations of average hours at work. In the payroll sur-vey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vaca-tion, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and as-signed the number of hours for which they were paid duringthe reporting period.

EarningsThe household survey measures the earnings of wage and

salary workers in all occupations and industries in both theprivate and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earningsreceived from the worker's sole or primary job. Data fromthe establishment survey generally refer to average earningsof production and related workers in mining and manufac-turing, construction workers in construction, and nonsuper-visory employees in private service-producing industries.For a comprehensive discussion of the various earningsseries available from the household and establishmentsurveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS Bulletin2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITHOTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total fromthe household survey includes all persons who did not have ajob during the reference week, were currently available for ajob, and were looking for work or were waiting to be calledback to a job from which they had been laid off, whether ornot they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figureson unemployment insurance claims, prepared by theEmployment and Training Administration of the U.S.Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwiseineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits,persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, newworkers who have not earned rights to unemploymentinsurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unem-ployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture,domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family workers).

In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemploymentcompensation differ from the definition of unemploymentused in the household survey. For example, persons with ajob but not at work and persons working only a few hoursduring the week are sometimes eligible for unemploymentcompensation but are classified as employed rather thanunemployed in the household survey.

For an examination of the similarities and differencesbetween State insured unemployment and total unemploy-ment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of theMonthly Labor Review.

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are theinclusion of persons under 16 in the National AgriculturalStatistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobhold-ers, who are counted more than once if they work on morethan one farm during the reporting period. There are alsowide differences in sampling techniques and data collectingand estimating methods, which cannot be readily measuredin terms of their impact on differences in the levels andtrends of the two series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENTDATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of theCensus. BLS establishment statistics on employment differfrom employment counts derived by the Bureau of theCensus from its censuses or sample surveys of manufactur-ing and business establishments. The major reasons fornoncomparability are different treatment of business unitsconsidered parts of an establishment, such as centraladministrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrialclassification of establishments; and different reportingpatterns by multiunit companies. There are also differencesin the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census ofBusiness excludes professional services, public utilities, andfinancial establishments, whereas these are included in theBLS statistics.

County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data inCounty Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establish-ment statistics in the treatment of central administrative of-fices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise becauseof industrial classification and reporting practices. In addi-tion, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of govern-ment, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofitagencies.

Employment covered by State unemployment insuranceprograms. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers arecovered by the unemployment insurance programs. Howev-er, some employees, such as those working in parochialschools and churches, are not covered by unemploymentinsurance, whereas they are included in the BLS establish-ment statistics.

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Household Data("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Statistics on the employment status of the population andrelated data are compiled by BLS using data from theCurrent Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey ofhouseholds is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of theCensus through a scientifically selected sample designed torepresent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respon-dents are interviewed to obtain information about theemployment status of each member of the household 16years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or statusduring the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, whichincludes the 12th day of the month. This is known as the"reference week." Actual field interviewing is conducted inthe following week, referred to as the "survey week."

Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible forinterview. Some 2,600 of these households are contacted butinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not athome after repeated calls or are unavailable for otherreasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the surveythat ranges between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in anaverage month which are visited but found to be vacant orotherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample ischanged each month. The rotation plan, as explained later,provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common fromone month to the next, and one-half to be common with thesame month a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

The concepts and definitions underlying labor force datahave been modified, but not substantially altered, since theinception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January1994 are as follows:

Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), andwho are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.

Employed persons. All persons who, during the referenceweek, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paidemployees in their own business, profession, or on their ownfarm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers inan enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) allthose who were not working but who had jobs or businessesfrom which they were temporarily absent because ofvacation, illness, bad weather, childcare problems, materni-ty or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job

training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or notthey were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he orshe holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation andindustry classification, multiple jobholders are counted inthe job at which they worked the greatest number of hoursduring the reference week.

Included in the total are employed citizens of foreigncountries who are temporarily in the United States but notliving on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are personswhose only activity consisted of work around their ownhouse (painting, repairing, or own home housework)or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and otherorganizations.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employmentduring the reference week, were available for work, exceptfor temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to findemployment some time during the 4-week period endingwith the reference week. Persons who were waiting to berecalled to a job from which they had been laid off need nothave been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Duration of unemployment. This represents the length oftime (through the current reference week) that persons clas-sified as unemployed had been looking for work. For personson layoff, duration of unemployment represents the numberof full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is thearithmetic average computed from single weeks of unem-ployment; median duration is the midpoint of a distributionof weeks of unemployment.

Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also catego-rized according to the status of individuals at the time theybegan to look for work. The reasons for unemployment aredivided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a dateto return to work or who expect to return within 6 months(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify asunemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employ-ment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work;(2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminatedtheir employment voluntarily and immediately beganlooking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporaryjobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4)Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were outof the labor force prior to beginning their job search; (5) Newentrants are persons who never worked. Each of these fivecategories of the unemployed can be expressed as aproportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of thefour rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilianworkers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers"

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and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combinedinto a single category until seasonal adjustments can bedeveloped for the separate categories.)

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specificefforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week periodpreceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporarylayoff, who although often looking for work, are not requiredto do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers aregrouped by the methods used to seek work. Only activemethods—which have the potential to result in a job offerwithout further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualifyas job search. Examples include going to an employerdirectly or to a public or private employment agency,seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing oranswering ads, or using some other active method. Exam-ples of the "other" category include being on a union orprofessional register, obtaining assistance from a communi-ty organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickuppoint. Passive methods, which do not qualify as job search,include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "helpwanted" ads and taking a job training course.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified asemployed or unemployed in accordance with the criteriadescribed above.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents thenumber unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of thepopulation that is in the labor force.

Employment-population ratio. This represents the propor-tion of the population that is employed.

Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all personsin the civilian noninstitutional population who are neitheremployed nor unemployed. Information is collected on theirdesire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPSinterview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason fornot looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week.This group includes discouraged workers, defined aspersons not in the labor force who want and are available fora job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12months (or since the end of their last job if they held onewithin the past 12 months), but are not currently looking,because they believe there are no jobs available or there arenone for which they would qualify.

Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in thesample for either their fourth or eighth month are askedadditional questions relating to job history and workseekingintentions. These latter data are available on a quarterlybasis.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This informationfor the employed applies to the job held in the referenceweek. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the jobat which they worked the greatest number of hours. Theunemployed are classified according to their last job. Theoccupational and industrial classification of CPS data isbased on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.

The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to thefollowing categories: Private and government wage andsalary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid familyworkers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer orfrom a government unit. Self-employed persons are thosewho work for profit or fees in their own business, profession,trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed areincluded in the self-employed category in the class of workertypology. Self-employed persons who respond that theirbusinesses are incorporated are included among wage andsalary workers, because technically, they are paid em-ployees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are personsworking without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farmor in a business operated by a member of the household towhom they are related by birth or marriage.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who,during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as awage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held awage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family workerand also held a wage and salary job. A person employed onlyin private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)who worked for two or more employers during the referenceweek is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since workingfor several employers is considered an inherent characteris-tic of private household work. Also excluded areself-employed persons with multiple businesses and personswith multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number ofhours worked during the reference week. For example,persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off onthe Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. Forpersons working in more than one job, the published figuresrelate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during theweek; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpub-lished data are available for the hours worked in each job andfor usual hours.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referredto as involuntary part time, this category refers to individualswho gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hoursduring the reference week. Economic reasons include slackwork or unfavorable business conditions, inability to findfull-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those whousually work part time must also indicate that they want andare available to work full time to be classified as on part timefor economic reasons.

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At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This groupincludes those persons who usually work part time and wereat work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for anoneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, forexample: Illness or other medical limitations, child-careproblems or other family or personal obligations, school ortraining, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings,and being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.The group also includes those who gave an economic reasonfor usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want towork full time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job andtherefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,"with a job but not at work." These are persons who wereabsent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons asbad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labordispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedulefrom their activity during the reference week, persons arealso classified according to their usual full- or part-timestatus. In this context, full-time workers are those whousually worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). Thisgroup will include some individuals who worked less than35 hours in the reference week for either economic ornoneconomic reasons and those who are temporarily absentfrom work. Similarly, part-time workers are those whousually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs),regardless of the number of hours worked in the referenceweek. This may include some individuals who actuallyworked more than 34 hours in the reference week, as well asthose who are temporarily absent from work. The full-timelabor force includes all employed persons who usually workfull time and unemployed persons who are either looking forfull-time work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. Thepart-time labor force consists of employed persons whousually work part time and unemployed persons who areseeking or are on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemploymentrates for full- and part-time workers are calculated using theconcepts of the full- and part-time labor force.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe therace of persons. Included in the "other" group are AmericanIndians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.Because of the relatively small sample size, data for "other"races are not published. In the enumeration process, race isdetermined by the household respondent.

Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identifiedthemselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, PuertoRican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of otherHispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin maybe of any race; thus they are included in both the white andblack population groups.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in theArmed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in thecivilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institu-tions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are personswho never served in the Armed Forces.

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxesand other deductions, and include any overtime pay,commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in thecase of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basisother than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) areconverted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by therespondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,interviewers are instructed to define the term as more thanhalf the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Datarefer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employedpersons who respond that their businesses were incorpo-rated) who usually work full time on their sole or primaryjob.

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value whichdivides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, onepart having values above the median and the other havingvalues below the median. The medians as shown in thispublication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50centered interval within which each median falls. Dataexpressed in constant dollars are deflated by the ConsumerPrice Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).

Single, never married; married, spouse present; and othermarital status. These are the terms used to define the maritalstatus of individuals at the time of interview. Married,spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both wereliving in the same household, even though one may betemporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in ahospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who aremarried, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due tomarital problems, as well as husbands and wives who areliving apart because one or the other was employedelsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any otherreasons.

Household. A household consists of all persons—relatedfamily members and all unrelated persons—who occupy ahousing unit and have no other usual address. A house, anapartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded asa housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy asseparate living quarters. A householder is the person (or oneof the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned orrented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wivesin married-couple families but relates only to persons infamilies maintained by either men or women without aspouse.

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Family. A family is defined as a group of two or morepersons residing together who are related by birth, marriage,or adoption; all such persons are considered as members ofone family. Families are classified either as married-couplefamilies or as families maintained by women or men withoutspouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one inwhich the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of familiesexclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner orin which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining thefamily is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Changes in concepts and methodsWhile current survey concepts and methods are very

similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in1940, a number of changes have been made over the years toimprove the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of themost important changes include:

• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed withthe introduction of four basic employment questions. Priorto that time, the survey did not contain specific questionwording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme ofactivity prioritization.

• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutivemonths, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to thesample for the same 4 months of the following year. Beforethis system was introduced, households were interviewedfor 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new systemprovided some year-to-year overlap in the sample, therebyimproving measurement over time.

• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to thecalendar week including the 12th day of the month, forgreater consistency with the reference period used for otherlabor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week con-taining the 8th day of the month had been used as thereference week.

• In 1957, the employment definition was modifiedslightly as a result of a comprehensive interagency review oflabor force concepts and methods. Two relatively smallgroups of persons classified as employed, under "with a jobbut: not at work," were assigned to different classifications.Persons on layoff with definite instructions to return to workwithin 30 days of the layoff date, and persons volunteeringthat they were waiting to start a new wage and salary jobwithin 30 days of interview, were, for the most part,reassigned to the unemployed classification. The onlyexception was the small subgroup in school during the

reference week but waiting to start new jobs, which wastransferred to not in the labor force.

• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a resultof the recommendations of the President's Committee toAppraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (theGordon Committee). The principal improvements were asfollows:

a) A 4-week job-search period and specific questions onjobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the ques-tionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseekingand there were no specific questions concerning job-searchmethods.

b) An availability test was introduced whereby a personmust be currently available for work in order to be classifiedas unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement.This revision to the concept mainly affected students, who,for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the springalthough they will not be available until June or July. Suchpersons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed butsince have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"category.

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were lookingfor work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.

d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employ-ment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts wasraised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most majorseries have been revised to provide consistent informationbased on the new minimum age limit.

e) New questions were added to obtain additional in-formation on persons not in the labor force, including thosereferred to as "discouraged workers," defined as personswho indicate that they want a job but are not currentlylooking because they believe there are no jobs available ornone for which they would qualify.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the question-naire in order to increase the reliability of information onhours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employ-ment.

• In 1994, major changes to the Current PopulationSurvey (CPS) were introduced, which included a completeredesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-as-sisted interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, therewere revisions to some of the labor force concepts anddefinitions, including the implementation of some changesrecommended in 1979 by the National Commission onEmployment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, alsoknown as the Levitan Commission.) Some of the majorchanges to the survey were:

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a) The introduction of a redesigned and automatedquestionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally rede-signed in order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, andrelevant information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.

b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to thedefinition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to beclassified as a discouraged worker, a person must havewanted a job and be reported as not currently lookingbecause of a belief that no jobs were available or that therewere none for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in1994, persons classified as discouraged must also havelooked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, ifthey worked during the year), and must have been availablefor work during the reference week (a direct question onavailability was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availabilityhad been inferred from responses to other questions.) Thesechanges were made because the NCEUS and others felt thatthe previous definition of discouraged workers was toosubjective, relying mainly on an individual's stated desirefor a job and not on prior testing of the labor market.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed parttime for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in thereference week because of poor business conditions orbecause of an inability to find full-time work) was tightenedby adding two new criteria for persons who usually work parttime: They must want and be available for full-time work.Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons whousually work full time but worked part time for an economicreason during the reference week are assumed to meet thesecriteria.)

d) Specific questions were added about the expectation ofrecall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To beclassified as "on temporary layoff/' persons must expect tobe recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire didnot include explicit questions about the expectation ofrecall.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start anew job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified asunemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meetthe job-search requirement in order to be included amongthe unemployed.

For additional information on changes in CPS conceptsand methods, see Concepts and Methods Used in LaborForce Statistics Derived from the Current PopulationSurvey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhaulingthe Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary toChange?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluat-ing Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population

Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issueof this publication.

Noncomparability of labor force levelsIn addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and

methods made over the years, other changes have alsoaffected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data fromthe 1950 census into the estimating procedures, populationlevels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, totalemployment, and agricultural employment were increasedby about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totalsand men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaiiresulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the populationand about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of thisincrease was in nonagricultural employment; other laborforce categories were not appreciably affected.

• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 andlabor force and employment by about 200,000; unemploy-ment totals were virtually unchanged.

• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 censuswas introduced into the estimation procedures, increasingthe population by about 800,000; labor force and employ-ment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustmentbased on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,which affected the white and black-and-other groups but hadlittle effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly300,000 in the white population and an increase of the samemagnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian laborforce and total employment figures were affected to a lesserdegree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, andthe black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.Unemployment levels and rates were not significantlyaffected.

• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepareindependent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional popu-lation was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatestimpact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particularlythose of the black-and-other population—but had littleeffect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.Additional information on the adjustment procedure appearsin "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Defla-tion Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue ofthis publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow ofVietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and

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black-and-other independent population controls for per-sons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by76,000—(30,000 men and 46,000 women.) The addition ofthe refugees increased the black-and-other population byless than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of thechanges being confined to the "other" component of thepopulation.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of anexpansion in the sample and revisions in the estimationprocedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in thecivilian labor force and employment totals; unemploymentlevels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanationof the procedural changes and an indication of the differ-ences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Surveyin January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of thispublication.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individualwas determined by the household respondent for theincoming rotation group households, rather than by theinterviewer as before. The purpose of this change was toprovide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample householdshad race determined by the household respondent andseven-eighths of the sample households had race determinedby interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980that the entire sample had race determined by the householdrespondent. The new procedure had no significant effect onthe estimates.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjust-ment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure.Differences between the old and new procedures existedonly for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates,not for the total United States. The reasoning behind thechange and an indication of the differences appear in"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratioadjustment method was changed. The purpose of the changeand an indication of its effect on national estimates of laborforce characteristics appear in "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1982" in theFebruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, currentpopulation estimates used in the second-stage estimationprocedure were derived from information obtained from the1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This changecaused substantial increases in the total population and in theestimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates forlabor force characteristics, however, remained virtuallyunchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjustedback to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustmentprocedure used is also described in the February 1982 articlecited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth out thebreaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979 (de-

scribed above), and data users should consider them whencomparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjust-ment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980census. The purpose of the change and an indication of itseffect on national estimates of labor force characteristicsappear in "Revisions in the Current Population SurveyBeginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue ofthis publication. There were only slight differences betweenthe old and new procedures in estimates of levels for thevarious labor force characteristics and virtually no differ-ences in estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPSestimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, thefirst-and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the compositeestimator—were revised. These procedures are described inthe Estimating Methods section. A description of thechanges and an indication of their effect on nationalestimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changesin the Estimation Procedure in the Current PopulationSurvey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only aslight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was onestimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimateswere revised back to January 1980.

• Beginning in January 1986, the population controlsused in the second-stage ratio adjustment method wererevised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number ofundocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980and an improved estimate of the number of emigrants amonglegal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As aresult, the total civilian population and labor force estimateswere raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment wasincreased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin populationand labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and305,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels andrates were not significantly affected. Because of themagnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data wererevised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. Anexplanation of the changes and their effect on estimates oflabor force characteristics appear in "Changes in theEstimation Procedure in the Current Population SurveyBeginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue ofthis publication.

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratioestimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chanceof very small cells occurring and to be more consistent withpublished age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually noeffect on national estimates.

• Beginning in January 1994, population estimates usedin the second-stage estimation procedure were based on

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information obtained from the 1990 census (adjusted for theundercount as measured by the Census Bureau's PostEnumeration Survey). This change resulted in substantialincreases in total population and in all major labor forcecategories. Under the new population controls, the civiliannoninstitutional population increased by about 1.3 million,with much of the increase occurring among Hispanics.Estimates of employment were raised by about 950,000, andunemployment by approximately 200,000. In addition, theoverall unemployment rate rose by about 0.1 percentagepoint, largely reflecting the increase in the Hispanic share ofthe population, which has a higher-than-average incidenceof unemployment. For further information, see "Revisionsin the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994,"in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,the composite estimation procedure was suspended due totechnical and logistical reasons.

Changes in the occupational and industrialclassification systems

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupationalemployment data was affected as a result of changes in theoccupational classification system for the 1970 census thatwere introduced into the CPS. Comparability was furtheraffected in December 1971, when a question relating tomajor activity or duties was added to the monthly CPSquestionnaire in order to determine more precisely theoccupational classification of individuals. As a result ofthese changes, meaningful comparisons of occupationalemployment levels could not be made between 1971-72 andprior years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rateswere not significantly affected. For a further explanation ofthe changes in the occupational classification system, see"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in theFebruary 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, ofthis publication.

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and indus-trial classification systems used in the 1980 census wereintroduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational clas-sification system evolved from the Standard OccupationalClassification (SOC) system and was so radically differentin concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system thatcomparisons of historical data are not possible without ma-jor adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "salesoccupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors inretail trade establishments from "managers and administra-tors, except farm."

The industrial classification system used in the 1980census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classifica-tion (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of thenew system had much less of an adverse effect on historicalcomparability than did the new occupational system. The

most notable changes from the 1970 system were thetransfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "whole-sale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to"transportation," and some interchange between "profes-sional and related services" and "public administration."Additional information on the 1980 census occupational andindustrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" inthe February 1983 issue of this publication.

Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and indus-trial classification systems used in the 1990 census wereintroduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely basedon the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)and 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems,respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparabilitybetween the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particu-larly within the "technical, sales, and administrative sup-port" categories. The most notable changes in industryclassification were the shift of several industries from"business services" to "professional services" and thesplitting of some industries into smaller, more detailedcategories. A number of industry titles were changed as well,with no change in content.

SamplingSince the inception of the survey, there have been various

changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample istraditionally redesigned and a new sample selected aftereach decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas andthe number of sample persons are changed occasionally.Most of these changes are made in order to improve theefficiency of the sample design and/or to increase thereliability of the sample estimates. When Alaska and Hawaiireceived statehood, three sample areas were added to theexisting sample to account for the population of these States.In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housingunits, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, wasdesigned to provide more reliable annual average estimatesfor States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sampleof approximately 450 sample household units representing237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construc-tion housing units was added. In January 1980, anothersupplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32States and the District of Columbia was added. A samplereduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100households to provide additional coverage in counties addedto Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), whichwere redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new State-basedCPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information.A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was imple-mented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPSsample based on the 1990 decennial census has beenselected for use during the 1990's. Households from this newsample will be phased in during the April 1994 through July1995 period. For further information, see "Redesign of the

143


Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994issue of this publication.

The 1980 census-based sample design includes about72,000 housing units per month located in 729 selectedgeographic areas called primary sampling units (PSU's).The sample was initially selected so that specific reliabilitycriteria were met nationally, for each of the 50 States, for theDistrict of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of NewYork City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitanarea. Since 1985, these reliability criteria have beenmaintained through periodic additions and deletions in theState samples. The criteria, given below, are based on thecoefficient of variation (CV) of the unemployment rate,where the CV is defined as the standard error of the estimatedivided by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. TheseCV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate toestablish a consistent specification of sampling error.

Nationally, a 1.8-percent CV is maintained on themonthly unemployment rate estimate. This means that achange of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate issignificant at a 90-percent confidence level.

In 11 States—California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts,Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,Pennsylvania, and Texas—the most populous States at thetime of the 1980 decennial census, an 8-percent CV ismaintained on the monthly unemployment rate estimates. Inthe other 39 States and the District of Columbia, an8-percent CV is maintained on the annual unemploymentrate estimate. In New York City and the Los Angeles-LongBeach metropolitan area, a 9-percent CV is maintained onthe monthly unemployment rate estimates.

In the first stage of sampling, the 729 sample areas arechosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusterscomposed of about four housing units each are selected.Each month, about 72,000 housing units are assigned fordata collection, of which about 60,000 are occupied and thuseligible for interview. The remainder are units found to bedestroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, contain-ing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, orineligible for other reasons. Of the 60,000 housing units, 4 to5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due totemporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to makecontact after repeated attempts, inability of persons con-tacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, andrefusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews).Information is obtained each month for about 113,000persons 16 years of age and older.

Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the UnitedStates, consisting of 3,137 counties and independent cities,is divided into 1,973 sample units (PSU's). In most States, aPSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties.In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are usedinstead of counties.

Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis forforming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties

normally are combined, except where the geographic area ofthe sample county is very large. Combining counties toform PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSUincludes urban and rural residents of both high and loweconomic levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible,diverse occupations and industries. Another importantconsideration is to have the PSU sufficiently compact sothat, with a small sample spread throughout, it can beefficiently canvassed without undue travel cost.

The 1,973 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with theprobability of selection proportional to the population of thePSU. There are 314 PSU's in strata by themselves that areself-representing, and generally these are the most popu-lated PSU's in each State. The remaining strata are formedby combining PSU's that are similar in such characteristicsas population growth; proportions of blacks and of Hispanics(in certain States); and population distribution by occupa-tion, industry, age, and sex. The PSU's, randomly selectedfrom these strata, are non-self-representing, because eachone chosen represents the entire stratum. The probability ofselecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratumis proportional to its 1980 population. For example, within astratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000would be selected for the sample is twice that for a PSUhaving a population of 25,000.

Selection of sample households. Because the sample designis State based, the sampling ratio differs by State anddepends on the reliability requirements for estimates foreach State. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1in every 200 households to 1 in every 2,500 households ineach stratum of the State. The sampling ratio occasionally ismodified slightly to hold the size of the sample relativelyconstant given the overall growth of the population. Thesampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on theprobability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio forthe State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1in 10 with a State sampling ratio of 1 in 2,500, thewithin-PSU sampling ratio that results is 1 in 250, therebyachieving the desired ratio of 1 in 2,500 for the stratum.

Within each designated PSU, several steps are involved inselecting the housing units to be enumerated. First, the 1980census enumeration districts (ED's), which are administra-tive units and contain on the average about 300 housingunits, are ordered so that the sample would reflect thedemographic and residential characteristics of the PSU.Within each ED, the housing units are sorted geographicallyand are grouped into clusters of approximately four housingunits. Next, a systematic sample of these clusters of housingunits is selected.

The identification of the sample housing units within anED is made wherever possible from the list of ED addressescompiled during the 1980 census. The address lists are usedin about three-fourths of the ED's, primarily in urban areas.Area sampling is applied in the remaining ED's, mostly in

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rural areas. In ED's where address lists are used, automatedmethods are used to form clusters of geographicallycontiguous housing units. An effort is made to have all small,multi-unit addresses (two to four housing units) included inthe same cluster. The methods use the within-PSU samplingratio to identify appropriate clusters for the sample.Supplemental samples are also prepared to account foraddresses in isolated geographic areas and to account forhousing units not found on the address lists, includinghousing units newly constructed in the PSU since the censusdate. The addresses of these units are obtained mainly fromrecords of building permits.

In those ED's where area sampling methods are used,mainly rural areas, the ED's are subdivided into small land"chunks" with well-defined boundaries and having, ingeneral, an expected "size" of about 8 to 12 housing unitsor other living quarters. For each subdivided ED, one chunk(or more) is designated for the sample. When a selectedchunk contains about four households, for example, all unitsare included in the sample. When the size of the chunk isseveral times four units, an interviewer does not conductinterviews at all housing units in the chunk but uses asystematic sampling pattern to obtain approximately fourhouseholds. The remaining housing units in the chunk arethen available for further samples. Area ED's also make useof building permit lists to identify newly constructedhousing units.

Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed eachmonth. For each sample, eight representative subsamples orrotation groups are identified. A given rotation group isinterviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equalperiods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leavesthe sample during the following 8 months, and then returnsfor another 4 consecutive months. In any 1 month,one-eighth of the rotation groups are in their first month ofenumeration, another eighth is in their second month, and soon. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample segments arecommon from month to month and 50 percent from year toyear for the same month. This procedure provides asubstantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-yearoverlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates ofchange and reducing discontinuities in the series of datawithout burdening any specific group of households with anunduly long period of inquiry.

Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of theCPS sample design in use since 1947. A more detailed ac-count of the history of the CPS sample design appears in theCurrent Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Tech-nical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts andMethods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from theCurrent Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics. A description of the 1980 census-based sample ap-pears in "Redesign of the Sample for the Current PopulationSurvey," in the May 1984 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954Feb 1954 to Apr. 1956May 1956 to Dec. 1959Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966Jan. 1967 to July 1971Aug. 1971 to July 1972Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981May 1981 to Dec. 1984Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989Nov. 1989 to present3

Number of sampleareas

68230

13302333357449449461614629629729729729

Households eligible

Interviewed

21,00021,00033,50033,50033,50048,00045,00045,00053,50062,20057,80057,00053,20057,400

Not interviewed

500-1,000500-1,000

1,5001,5001,5002,0002,0002,0002,5002,8002,5002,5002,6002,600

Households visitedbut not eligible

3,000-3,5003,000-3,500

6,0006,0006,0008,5008,0008,000

10,00012,00011,00011,00011,50011,800

1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage ineach State and the District of Columbia.

2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaiiafter statehood.

3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period,April-November 1989.

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ESTIMATING METHODS

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of theresults for a given month become available simultaneouslyand are based on returns from the entire panel of respon-dents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the datafrom each sample person by the inverse of the probability ofthe person being in the sample. This gives a rough measureof the number of actual persons that the sample person repre-sents. Since 1985, almost all sample persons within the sameState have the same probability of selection. Exceptions in-clude sample persons in New York and California, wherehouseholds in New York City and Los Angeles are selectedwith higher probability. Selection probabilities may also dif-fer for some sample areas due to field subsampling, which iscarried out when areas selected for the sample are found tocontain many more households than expected. Through a se-ries of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection prob-abilities are adjusted for noninterviews and survey under-coverage; data from previous months are incorporated intothe estimates through the composite estimation procedure.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewedhouseholds are adjusted to the extent needed to account foroccupied sample households for which no information wasobtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, orunavailability of the respondents for other reasons. Thisnoninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters ofsimilar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily,contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is basedon Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.Within each cluster, there is a further breakdown byresidence. Each MSA cluster is split by "central city" and"balance of the MSA." Each non-MSA cluster is split by"urban" and "rural" residence categories. The proportion ofsample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 5percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the populationselected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance,from that of the population as a whole in such characteristicsas age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because thesecharacteristics are closely correlated with labor forceparticipation and other principal measurements made fromthe sample, the survey estimates can be substantiallyimproved when weighted appropriately by the knowndistribution of these population characteristics. This isaccomplished through two stages of ratio adjustment, asfollows:

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of thefirst-stage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution tovariance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's ratherthan drawing sample households from every PSU in theNation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in tworace cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU'sthat are not self-representing and for those States that have a

substantial number of black households. The procedurecorrects for differences that existed in each State cell at thetime of the 1980 census between 1) the race distribution ofthe population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distributionof all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing PSU's.)

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substan-tially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, tosome extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sampleweights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimatesof population match independent population controls. Threesets of controls are used:

1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation 16 years of age and older

2) National civilian noninstitutional population con-trols for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sexcategories

3) National civilian noninstitutional population con-trols for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sexcategories

The independent population controls are prepared byprojecting forward the resident population as enumerated onApril 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updatingdemographic census data with information from a varietyof other data sources that account for births, deaths, and netmigration. Estimated numbers of resident ArmedForces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce theresident population to the civilian noninstitutional popula-tion. Estimates of net census undercount, determined fromthe Post Enumeration Survey, are added to the populationprojections. Prior to January 1994, the projections werebased on earlier censuses, and there was no correction forcensus undercount. A summary of the current proceduresused to make population projections is given in "Revisionsin the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994,"appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the prep-aration of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite es-timation procedure. The composite estimate consists of aweighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio esti-mate based on the entire sample from the current month andthe composite estimate for the previous month, plus an esti-mate of the month-to-month change based on the six rotationgroups common to both months. In addition, a bias adjust-ment term is added to the weighted average to account forrelative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates.This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by unemploymentestimates for persons in their first and fifth months in theCPS being generally higher than estimates obtained for theother months.

The composite estimate results in a reduction in thesampling error beyond that which is achieved after the twostages of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is

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substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest inestimates of month-to-month change, although gains arealso usually obtained for estimates of level in a given month,change from year to year, and change over other intervals oftime.

Rounding of estimatesThe sums of individual items may not always equal the

totals shown in the same tables because of independentrounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not alwaysequal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, howev-er, are insignificant.

Reliability of the estimatesThere are two types of errors possible in an estimate based

on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. Thestandard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude ofthe sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of somenonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do notaccount for any systematic biases in the data.

Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error isunknown, but special studies have been conducted toquantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, asdiscussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should besmall on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be moreseverely affected by the nonsampling error.

Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to manysources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about allpersons in the sample; differences in the interpretation ofquestions; inability or unwillingness of respondents toprovide correct information; inability to recall information;errors made in collecting and processing the data; errorsmade in estimating values for missing data; and failure torepresent all sample households and all persons withinsample households (undercoverage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase ofthe survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.This program is used to estimate various sources of error aswell as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspectedthrough reinterview at regular intervals. The results indi-cate, among other things, that the data published from theCPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A descrip-tion of the CPS reinterview program and some of the otherresults may be found in the Current Population SurveyReinterview Program, January 1961 through December1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce.

The effects of some components of nonsampling error inthe CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation planused for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies byrotation group. A description of these effects appears in "TheEffects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From Panel

Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the AmericanStatistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housingunits and missed persons within sample households. TheCPS covers about 94 percent of the decennial censuspopulation. It is known that the CPS undercoverage varieswith age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, under-coverage is larger for men than for women and larger forblacks, Hispanics, and other races than for whites. Ratioadjustment to independent age-sex-race-origin populationcontrols, as described previously, partially corrects for thebiases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases existin the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missedhouseholds or missed persons in interviewed householdshave different characteristics than interviewed persons inthe same age-sex-race-origin group.

Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPSappears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured bythe Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks andBarbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.Department of Commerce, Office of Federal StatisticalPolicy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design andMethodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of theCensus, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last documentincludes a comprehensive discussion of various sources oferrors and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entirepopulation is surveyed, estimates differ from the truepopulation values that they represent. This difference, orsampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability ismeasured by the standard error of the estimate. Sampleestimates from a given survey design are unbiased when anaverage of the estimates from all possible samples wouldyield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case,the sample estimate and its standard error can be used toconstruct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges ofvalues, that include the true population value with knownprobabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from thepopulation were repeated many times and an estimate and itsstandard error calculated for each sample, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from onestandard error below the estimate to one standard errorabove the estimate would include the true population value.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errorsabove the estimate would include the true population value.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from twostandard errors below the estimate to two standard errorsabove the estimate would include the true population value.

Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do notproduce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are

147


believed to be small enough so that these confidence intervalstatements are approximately true.

Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors forall CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniquesare used to calculate sets of standard errors for various typesof labor force characteristics. It is important to keep in mindthat standard errors computed from these methods reflectcontributions from sampling errors and some kinds ofnonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of anestimate's standard error rather than its precise value.

The generalized variance functions and standard errorsprovided here are based on the sample design and estimationprocedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect thepopulation levels and sample size as of 1993 as well as theuse of new population controls based on the 1990 census. Foryears prior to 1967, the standard errors obtained must befurther adjusted to reflect the CPS sample size in effect atthat time. For years prior to 1956, standard errors should bemultiplied by 1.5; for the years 1956 through 1966, standarderrors should be multiplied by 1.22.

Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximatestandard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. Thesetables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating theproper use of each table follow.

Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimatedmonthly levels and rates for selected employment statuscharacteristics; these tables also provide standard errors forconsecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates.These standard errors are based on levels of recent estimatesand can be determined directly by finding the characteristicof interest.

Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthlylevels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for generalemployment status characteristics. The standard errors arecalculated using linear interpolation based on the size of themonthly estimates.

Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be usedwith formulas to calculate a standard error on nearlyany specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, orconsecutive month-to-month change. For monthly levelsand consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables1-F and 1-G are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, sincethe formulas provide more accurate results than linearinterpolation.

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard errorsof monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1-B, 1-C,1-D., and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly andyearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes ofmonthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearlyaverages.

The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 monthto the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on themonthly levels for characteristics than on the size of thechanges. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthlylevels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment statuscategories(In thousands)

Category

Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Black, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Hispanic origin, 16 years andover:

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Monthlylevel

275295146

179194103

20420990

898758

12712966

727645

908943

363128

12112358

Consecutive-month change

204224160

152164118

155160105

888675

949875

636753

686850

383233

8510068

standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimatedchange between nonconsecutive months are not provided(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be as-sumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutivemonthly change.

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These tables provide a quick ref-erence for standard errors of major characteristics. Table 1-Bgives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthlylevels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levelsfor major employment status categories. Table 1-C givesapproximate standard errors for estimates of monthly unem-ployment rates and consecutive month-to-month changes inunemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, andoccupational categories. For characteristics not given intables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1-E ortables 1-F and 1-G.

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number ofwomen 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is esti-mated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approxi-

148


Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates bymajor characteristics

Characteristic

Total, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and overMen 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsWhite workersBlack workersHispanic-origin workersMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse present . . .Women who maintain families

Occupation

Executive, administrative, andmanagerial

Professional specialtyTechnicians and related

SUDDOrtSalesAdministrative support,

including clericalPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private

household and protectiveservice

Precision production, craft, andrepair

Machine operators, assemblers,and inspectors

Transportation and materialmoving

Handlers, equipment cleaners,helpers, and laborers


Industry

Nonagricultural private wagand salary workersGoods-producing industries



Service-producingindustries

Transportation, communi-cations, and public utilities . . .

Wholesale and retail tradeFinance and services

Government workersAgricultural wage and salary

workers

Monthlylevel

0.11.16.15.16.16.76.12.47.53.16.19.54

.23

.19

.48

.31

.251.27.72

.36

.36

.52

.57

.74

.73

.13

.281.57

.73

.29

.38

.45

.15

.43

.27

.19

.21

1.19

Consecutive-month change

0.13.19.18.19.19

1.00.14.55.63.19.22.65

.27

.23

.57

.37

.301.51.86

.43

.43

.62

.68

.88

.87

.16

.331.87.87.34.45.53

.18

.51

.33

.23

.25

1.42

mate standard error of 204,000 is given in table 1-B in therow, "total, women 20 years and over: Civilian labor force."A 90-percent confidence interval as shown by these data,would then be the interval from 53,674,000 to 54,326,000.Concluding that the true labor force level lies within this in-terval would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possiblesamples.

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximatestandard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthlylevels and month-to-month changes in levels for major laborforce characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For majorcategories not shown, such as male or female, tables 1-F and

1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate values notshown in the tables may be approximated by linear inter-polation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates of con-secutive month-to-month change, the average of the twomonthly levels (not the change) is used to select the ap-propriate row in the table.

Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months theestimated number of employed persons changed from115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this month-to-month change estimate is based on the average level ofthe estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table1-E column titled "labor force data other than unemploy-ment and agricultural employment, total," it is necessary tofind the standard errors corresponding to the two monthlylevel entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. Thestandard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as252,000, and the standard error corresponding to120,000,000 is given as 223,000. Use linear interpolation tofind the approximate standard error on month-to-monthchange corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one methodof calculation is given below.

223,000 + 1/120,000,000-116,150,000

\120,000,000-100,000,0001(252,000-223,000) =229,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true month-to-month change would be approximately the interval from734,000 to 1,466,000.

Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to findapproximate standard errors for a wide range of estimatedmonthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecu-tive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulasgiven below that allow the user to calculate standard errors.

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutivemonthly change, lists parameters for some characteristicsclassified by a measure of correlation between monthly esti-mates. Estimates of the number of persons employed fulltime, for example, change relatively little from 1 month tothe next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be highlycorrelated. Consecutive monthly estimates of part-time em-ployment, by contrast, have low correlation, because theseestimates are relatively volatile.

Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly esti-mates are known to have high or low correlation are indi-cated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics.When high or low correlation is not specified in table 1-G,the parameters in this table should be selected from the rowslabeled "most characteristics" or from rows not specifyingcorrelation.

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Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels

(In thousands)

Estimatedmonthly level

501005001,0002,0004,0006,0008,00010,00015,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000

Characteristic

Agriculturalemployment

Total orwhite

1217395890

147202256310

Black

1217375171

Unemployment

Total orwhite

1116365171

100122140155187213

Black

121736516989989992

Hispanicorigin

1218395511

105

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment

Total

1116365172

101123141156188214253281301316324328321294238

White

1116365172

101122140156187212249275293304308307287238

Black

121737517196

11112112712598

Hispanic origin

Employed

1318415778

10311612212289

Civilian laborforce or not

in labor force

1318415778

10311612212289

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels(In thousands)

Estimatedmonthly level

501005001,0002,0004,0006,0008,00010,00015,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000

Characteristic

Agriculturalemployment

Total orwhite

1318405573888665

Black

1116354967

Unemployment

Total orwhite

1419426084

115138155168190200

Black

1419435978969781

Hispanicorigin

1521466589

118

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment

Total

91329425982

100115128154174206228244254260262252223164

White

91329425982

100115128154174206228244254260262252223164

Black

1014304258789096999043

Hispanic origin

Employed

11163448658696

1009860

Civilian laborforce or not

in labor force

9132940557282868662

150


Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximatestandard error, sx, of an estimated monthly level, x, can beobtained using the formula below, where a and b are the pa-rameters from table 1-F associated with the particular char-acteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate thestandard error of an estimated month-to-month change inlevel; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive monthsand use the parameters from table 1-G.

centage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following for-mula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

sx = / \ /ax '

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an esti-mated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parametersfrom table 1-F ("unemployment, total or white"). Use theformula to compute an approximate standard error on theestimate of 6,000,000.

a = -0.000015942 b = 2576.83

sx = (-0.000015942) (6,000,000) 2+ (2576.83) (6,000,000) =122,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number ofunemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. Theaverage of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain theappropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("unemploy-ment, total or white, total, men, women"). Use the formulato compute an approximate standard error on the estimatedchange of 200,000.

sx= 'V-0.000083130) (6,100,000) 2+ (3652.76) (6,100,000) =139,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for thetrue month-to-month change would be the interval from-22,000 to 422,000. Because this interval covers zero, onecannot assert at this level of confidence that any real changehas occurred in the unemployment level. This result can alsobe expressed by saying that the apparent change of 200,000is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Gener-ally, percentages and rates are not published unless themonthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, orthe annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.

The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate dependsupon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.When the numerator and base are in different categories, usethe parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the numera-tor. The approximate standard error, Sy,p> of an estimated per-

_by P(IOO-P)

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on this percent-age, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b = 2204.62from table 1-F ("labor force and not-in-labor-force data oth-er than agricultural employment and unemployment, totalwomen"). Apply the formula to obtain:

/ 2204.625,600,000

(32) (100 - 32) = 0.9 percent

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in thissame age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000 or34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standarderror on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percent-age points, first average the values for p and y over the 2months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next, obtainthe parameter b = 2344.57 from table 1-G ("labor force andnot-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employmentand unemployment, total or white, women, low correlationcharacteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

Sy,p -2344.575,650,000

(33) (100-33) =1.0 percent

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.If the example had illustrated percentages of womenemployed full time, the numerator would have been a highcorrelation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not ex-plicitly list high correlation parameters for employedwomen; thus, the row labeled "women, most characteris-tics" would have been used.

Had the example dealt with teenage women employedpart time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have beenapplied ("women, low correlation" or "both sexes, 16 to 19years"). In situations like this, where it is not clear whichrow applies, a general rule to follow is to choose the row withthe largest b parameter. This gives a more conservative esti-mate of standard error.

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly oryearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or yearlyaverages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in monthlyestimates. Table 1-H gives factors to be applied only to stan-dard errors for monthly levels. Follow these three basicsteps:

151


Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errorsfor estimates of monthly levels

Characteristic

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agri-cultural employment andunemployment:

Total1

Men 1

WomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

White 1

MenWomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

BlackMen . . . .WomenEBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Hispanic origin

Not in labor force, total or white,excluding women and 16- to19-year-olds

Agricultural employment:

Total or whiteMen . . . .Women or both sexes, 16

to 19 years

Black

Hispanic origin:

Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to

19 years

Unemployment:

Total or whiteBlackHispanic origin

a

-0.000015693-.000029081-.000026234-.000155877

-.000017747-.000032645-.000029869-.000185057

-.000112595-.000271289-.000164088-.001181647

-.000190760

.000005264

.000694096

.000761532

- 000022089

-.000121207

.010960039

.014443239

-.000015942-.000190601-.000094114

b

2601.352408.582204.622217.37

2600.882410.862201.862221.96

2735.542553.882298.232570.17

3394.71

722.21

2656.522461.77

2250 29

2749.05

2522.57

1483.55

2576.832744.703116.52

1 Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterlyestimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly esti-mates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes inconsecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,average the 2 months involved.

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate us-ing table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1-D or1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average werean estimate for a single month.

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or onthe estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2 by theappropriate factor from table 1-H.

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for aquarterly average of black employment levels and for thechange in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For eachsuccessive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels areobserved to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.

Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F ("la-bor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment, black, total")- Use the for-mula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for amonthly estimate of 11,600,000.

a = -0.000112595 b=2735.54

(-0.000112595)(ll,600,000)2+(2735.54)(ll,600,000) =129,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table1-H (column labeled "quarterly averages" and row labeled"labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricul-tural employment and unemployment, black"). This givesan approximate standard error of 112,000 on the quarterlyaverage of 11,600,000.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on thechange in consecutive quarterly average estimates of blackemployment. Assume that black employment estimates forthe months in the second quarter are observed to be11,100,000,11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use theformula for sx to compute an approximate standard error forthe estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate for asingle month.

sx= /V(-O.000112595)(ll,400,000)2+(2735.54)(11,400,000) =129,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor. 84 from table 1 -H(column labeled "change in quarterly averages" and rowlabeled "labor force and not-in-labor-force data other thanagricultural employment and unemployment, black"). Thisgives an approximate standard error of 108,000 on theestimated change of 400,000 from 1 quarter to the next.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;therefore, one could conclude from these data that thechange in quarterly averages is significant.

152


Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels

Characteristic

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment:

Total or white:Most characteristics ,High correlation characteristics1

Low correlation characteristics1

Men:Most characteristicsHigh correlation characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Women:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics


Black:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Men:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Women:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics


Hispanic origin:TotalCivilian labor force and not in labor forceLow correlation characteristicsMen, civilian labor force and not in labor forceMen, 16 years and over; 20 years and over;and both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over


Total or white:TotalMenWomen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Black:Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Hispanic origin:Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Seif-employed

Unemployment:2

Total or white:Total, men, womenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

Black:Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 yearsHigh correlation characteristics

Hispanic origin:Total, men, womenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-0.000011078-.000008243-.000014344

-.000020055-.000014922-.000051814

-.000018844-.000053069

-.000169260

-.000088926-.001732525

-.000210520-.002587620

-.000140581-.002078112

-.001176111

-.000145304-.000095111-.002425480-.000227656

-.000366130-.000315338

-.000351254-.000597224.000115653

-.000109948-.017161885

.002654758

.002647371

-.000218152

-.000083130-.000063570

-.000372215.000043286

-.000233757-.000921018

1743.771363.602222.55

1674.071307.962325.37

1472.652344.57

2280.05

1871.205676.12

1986.815079.90

1621.484723.08

2729.02

2417.721682.247511.812045.54

3150.642239.22

3344.453450.082062.60

2493.695121.00

4043.983510.08

1822.59

3652.764463.07

3800.302691.66

4404.266132.68

1 High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics in-clude all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid familyworkers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.

2 High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correla-tion characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unem-ployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

153


Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, andpercentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, andchange in yearly averages

Characteristic

Factor

Year-to-yearchange ofmonthlyestimate

Quarterlyaverages

Changein

quarterlyaverages

Yearlyaverages

Changein

yearlyaverages


Total or menWomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsPart time

Unemployment:

TotalPart time

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other thanagricultural employment and unemployment:

Total or whiteBlackHispanic originBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsPart time

1.301.301.301.40

1.401.40

1.301.301.301.301.40

0.92.82.78.80

.74

.67

.87

.87

.87

.79

.82

0.70.84.88.80

.88

.88

.85

.84

.80

.88

.90

0.79.57.49.59

.46

.42

.65

.65

.65

.54

.51

0.70.70.70.70

.65

.54

.70

.70

.70

.70

.60

154


Establishment Data("B" tables)

COLLECTION

BLS cooperates with State employment security agenciesin the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establish-ment survey to collect data each month on employment,hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establish-ments (including government). In March 1993, this sampleincluded over 390,000 reporting units. From these data, alarge number of employment, hours, and earnings series inconsiderable industry and geographic detail are preparedand published each month. Historical statistics can be foundin Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, andEmployment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. Thesedata are also available in machine-readable format.

Each month, the State agencies collect data on employ-ment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establish-ments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates fromselected respondents through computer-assisted interviews,touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition technology.

The respondents extract the requested data from their pay-roll records, which must be maintained for a variety of taxand accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees ormore are asked to participate in the survey, as well as a sam-ple of smaller firms.

A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used formail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respon-dents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the respon-dent for use again the following month.

The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule areparticularly important in maintaining continuity and consis-tency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle designautomatically exhibits the trends of the reported data cov-ered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relation-ship of the current data to the data for the previous months isshown. The schedule also has operational advantages. Forexample, accuracy and economy are achieved by enteringthe identification codes and the address of the reporter onlyonce a year.

All schedules are edited by the State agencies each monthto make sure that the data are correctly reported and that theyare consistent with the data reported by the establishment inearlier months and with the data reported by other establish-ments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readableform, to BLS-Washington. They also use the informationprovided on the forms to develop State and area estimates ofemployment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data areedited again by computer to detect processing and reportingerrors which may have been missed in the initial State edit-ing; the edited data are used to prepare national estimates.

It should be noted that for employment, the sum of theState figures will differ from the official U.S. national totalsbecause of the effects of differing industrial and geographicstratification and differences in the timing of benchmark ad-justments.

CONCEPTS

Industrial classificationEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified

into industries on the basis of their principal product or activ-ity determined from information on annual sales volume.Since January 1980, this information is collected on a sup-plement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax re-ports filed by employers. For an establishment making morethan one product or engaging in more than one activity, theentire employment of the establishment is included underthe industry indicated by the principal product or activity.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Na-tion (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States andareas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified inaccordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial ClassificationManual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.

Industry employmentEmployment data, except those for the Federal Govern-

ment, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who re-ceived pay for any part of the pay period which includes the12th day of the month. For Federal Government establish-ments, employment figures represent the number of personswho occupied positions on the last day of the calendarmonth. Intermittent workers are counted if they performedany service during the month.

The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaidvolunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domesticworkers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.Government employment covers only civilian employees;military personnel are excluded. Employees of the CentralIntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency arealso excluded.

Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sickleave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paidholiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of thepay period even though they are unemployed or on strikeduring the rest of the period are counted as employed. Notcounted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leavewithout pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hiredbut have not yet reported during the period.

Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).These indexes measure the dispersion among industries ofthe change in employment over the specified time span.Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are

155


calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series(3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employ-ment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion in-dexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.

To derive the indexes, each component industry is as-signed a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on wheth-er its employment showed a decrease, no change, or an in-crease, respectively, over the time span. The average value(mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion in-dex number.

The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,the value which indicates that the same number of compo-nent industries had increased as had decreased. Index num-bers above 50 show that more industries had increasing em-ployment, and values below 50 indicate that more had de-creasing employment. The margin between the percent thatincreased and the percent that decreased is equal to the dif-ference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100 mi-nus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent meansthat 30 percent more industries had increasing employmentthan had decreasing employment [65-(100-65) = 30]. How-ever, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index num-ber from the 50-percent reference point is the most signifi-cant observation.

Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted asshowing the percent of components that increased over thetime span, it should be remembered that the index reflectshalf of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effectof assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged compo-nents when computing the index.)

Industry hours and earningsAverage hours and earnings data are derived from reports

of payrolls and hours for production and related workers inmanufacturing and mining, construction workers inconstruction, and nonsupervisory employees in private ser-vice-producing industries.

Production and related workers. This category includesworking supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (in-cluding group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, han-dling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product de-velopment, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closelyassociated with the above production operations.

Construction workers. This group includes the followingemployees in the construction division: Working supervi-sors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, help-ers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demoli-tion, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the site ofconstruction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such asprecutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed bymembers of the construction trades.

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not abovethe working supervisory level) such as office and clericalworkers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physi-cians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, researchaides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musi-cians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, lineinstallers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and otheremployees at similar occupational levels whose services areclosely associated with those of the employees listed.

Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time pro-duction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who re-ceived pay for any part of the pay period which includes the12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deduc-tions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insur-ance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or uniondues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unlessearned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay notearned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment inkind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as health andother types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,paid by the employer) are also excluded.

Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay periodwhich includes the 12th of the month for production,construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hourspaid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay isreceived directly from the firm.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production orrelated workers for which overtime premiums were paid be-cause the hours were in excess of the number of hours of ei-ther the straight-time workday or the workweek during thepay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekendand holiday hours are included only if overtime premiumswere paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, in-centive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are ex-cluded.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates tothe average hours for which pay was received and is differentfrom standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid ab-senteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppagescause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduledhours of work for an establishment. Group averages furtherreflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggre-gate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the currentmonth's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figuresfor 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are theproduct of average weekly hours and production worker ornonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels ofindustry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of thecomponent aggregates.

156


Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent thatportion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regularhours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an em-ployee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, re-ceiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plusstraight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtimehours would be reported.

Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition,weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move inthe same direction from month to month. Such factors aswork stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may nothave the same influence on overtime hours as on averagehours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may becaused by a marked change in hours for a component indus-try where little or no overtime was worked in both the pre-vious and current months.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourlyand incentive wage rates but also such variable factors aspremium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changesin output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also re-flect shifts in the number of employees between relativelyhigh-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earn-ings in individual establishments. Averages for groups anddivisions further reflect changes in average hourly earningsfor individual industries.

Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earn-ings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period oftime; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of workor time. The earnings series do not measure the level of totallabor costs on the part of the employer since the followingare excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, paymentsof various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers,and earnings for those employees not covered under produc-tion worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory em-ployee definitions.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage pay-ments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufac-turing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply tothese series as apply to the average hourly earnings series de-scribed above; the one difference between the series is defi-nitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series in-clude lump-sum payments made to production workers inlieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are ex-cluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculatethe other average hourly earnings series.

For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll dataare adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sumpayment. Such payments are generally made once a year andcover the following 12-month period. In order to spread thepayment across this time period, a prorated portion of thepayment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated

portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sumamount to account for persons who received the payment butleft before the payment allocation period expired.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Averagehourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are com-puted by dividing the total production worker payroll for theindustry group by the sum of total production worker hoursand one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments aremade for other premium payment provisions, such as holi-day work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than timeand one-half.

Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I rail-roads (excluding switching and terminal companies) arebased on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report ofthe Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all em-ployees except executives, officials, and staff assistants(ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Averagehourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensa-tion by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are ob-tained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, re-duced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as de-fined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multi-plying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived bymultiplying average weekly hours estimates by averagehourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings areaffected not only by changes in average hourly earnings butalso by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthlyvariations in such factors as the proportion of part-timeworkers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover dur-ing the survey period, and absenteeism for which employeesare not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.

Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be af-fected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.For example, persistent long-term increases in the propor-tion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the ser-vices industries have reduced average workweeks in theseindustries and have affected the average weekly earnings se-ries.

Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars andare calculated from the earnings averages for the currentmonth using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price In-dex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).The reference year for these series is 1982.

ESTIMATING METHODS

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establish-ment survey estimates of employment are generated throughan annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generatedprimarily from administrative records on employeescovered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These

157


annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, areprojected forward for each subsequent month based on thetrend of the sample employment, using an estimation proce-dure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample linkrelatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimationcells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CESnational estimates, and summed to create aggregate levelemployment estimates.

Monthly estimationEstimates are derived from a sample of approximately

390,000 business establishments nationwide. A currentmonth's estimate is derived as the product of the previousmonth's estimate and a sample link relative for the currentmonth. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this resultprimarily to help account for new business births during themonth.

BenchmarksThe establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks

in order to realign the sample-based employment totals forMarch of each year with the Ul-based population counts forMarch. These population counts are much less timely thansample-based estimates; however, they provide an annualpoint-in-time census for employment.

Population counts are derived from the administrative fileof employees covered by UI. All employers covered by UIlaws are required to report employment and wage informa-tion to the appropriate State employment security agencyfour times a year. Approximately 99 percent of in-scope pri-vate employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the re-maining 1 percent is constructed from alternate sources, pri-marily records from the Interstate Commerce Commissionand the Social Security Administration. The full benchmarkdeveloped for March replaces the March sample-based esti-mate, for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based esti-mates for the year preceding and the year following thebenchmark are also then subject to revision.

Monthly estimates for the year preceding the Marchbenchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.The difference between the final benchmark level and thepreviously published March sample estimate is calculatedand spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge islinear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added tothe February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January esti-mates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates whichreceive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumesthat the total estimation error since the last benchmark accu-mulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmarkyear.

Estimates for the 11 months following the March bench-mark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmarkestimates reflect the application of sample-based monthlychanges to new benchmark levels for March, and the recom-putation of bias adjustment factors for each month. Bias fac-tors are updated to take into account the most recent experi-ence of the estimates generated by the monthly sample ver-sus the full universe counts derived from the UI.

Following the revision of basic employment estimates, allother derivative series (e.g., production workers, averagehourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal adjust-ment factors are calculated and all data series for the pre-vious 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publica-tion of all revised data in June of each year.

Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic es-timation cells for purposes of computing national employ-ment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined pri-marily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a ma-jority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within theconstruction division, geographic stratification is also used.Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Stan-dard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estima-tion cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.

This detailed stratification pattern allows for the produc-tion and publication of estimates in considerable industrydetail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important be-cause major statistics which the survey measures, particular-ly employment change and average earnings, often vary sig-nificantly between establishments of different size. Stratifi-cation reduces the variance of the published industry levelestimates.

Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the currentmonth's employment is computed from a sample of estab-lishments reporting for both months—this ratio is called a"link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative is com-puted and applied to the previous month's employment esti-mate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus a Marchbenchmark is moved forward to the next March benchmarkthrough application of monthly link relatives. Basic cell esti-mates created through the link relative technique are aggre-gated to form published industry level estimates, for em-ployment, as described in table 2-A. Basic estimation andaggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are alsoshown in table 2-A.

Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed atthe 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic celllevel, as part of the standard estimation procedures. Themain purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primarysource of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability tocapture, on a timely basis, employment generated by newfirm births. There is a several month lag between an estab-lishment opening for business and its appearing on the UIuniverse frame and being available for sampling. Becausenew firms generate a portion of employment growth eachmonth of the year, nonsampling methods must be used tocapture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimationof total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjust-ment procedures have been used by the establishment

158


Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings

Employment, hours,and earnings

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory work-ers, women employees


Average weekly overtime hours . . .



All employees, women employees,and production or nonsupervisoryworkers


Average weekly overtime hours . . .



Basic estimating cell (industry, region,size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (divisionand, where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multi-plied by ratio of all employees in current month toall employees in previous month, for sample es-tablishments which reported for both months.1

All-employee estimate for current month multi-plied by (1) ratio of production or nonsuper-visory workers to all employees in sample estab-lishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio ofwomen to all employees.2

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours di-vided by number of production or nonsuper-visory workers.2

Production worker overtime hours divided bynumber of production workers.2

Total production or nonsupervisory worker pay-roll divided by total production or nonsupervisoryworker hours.2

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

Sum of all-employee estimates for componentcells.

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker esti-mates, or estimates of women employees, forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervi-sory worker employment, of the average weeklyhours for component cells.

Average, weighted by production worker employ-ment, of the average weekly overtime hours forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the av-erage hourly earnings for component cells.


Annual average data

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production ornonsupervisory worker employment multiplied byaverage weekly hours) divided by annual sum ofemployment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (produc-tion worker employment multiplied by averageweekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum ofemployment.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (produqt of pro-duction or nonsupervisory worker employment byweekly hours and hourly earnings) divided byannual aggregate hours.


Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours for productionor nonsupervisory workers divided by annualsum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for pro-duction workers divided by annual sum of employ-ment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided byannual aggregate hours.


1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above productby bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresen-tation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in thesample.

2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, aver-age weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly

earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compen-sate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary char-acter of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantageof continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sampleaverage.

159


survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean errormodel, which averaged undercount errors for the previous 3years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year. Theundercount errors were measured as the difference betweensample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.

This procedure eventually proved inadequate during peri-ods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias ad-justment methodology was revised. Research done in theearly 1980's indicated that bias requirements were stronglycorrelated with current employment growth or decline.Based on this research, a revised method was developedwhich incorporated the sample data on employment growthover the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derivedcoefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust themean error model results. This change in methodology pro-vided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regres-sion-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,for the production of national estimates.

The current model still has limitations in its ability to reactto changing economic conditions or changing error structurerelationships between the sample-based estimates and theUI universe counts. A principal limitation is the inability toincorporate UI universe counts as they become available onan ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag from the referenceperiod. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the modelare subject to intervention analysis, and adjustments can bemade to its results, prior to the establishment of final biaslevels for a quarter. Review is done primarily in terms ofdetection of outlier (i.e., abnormally high or low) values, andby comparison of CES sample and bias trends with the mostrecent quarterly observations of UI universe counts. TheBLS currently has under study improved bias models using aKalman filter technique, which would allow a more formal,structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universecounts in the bias modeling process.

Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to ac-count for employment resulting from new business forma-tions, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling errorin the survey, because the primary input to the modeling pro-cedure is total estimation error. Significant among thesenonsampling error sources is a business death bias. When asampled firm closes down, most often it simply does not re-spond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zeroemployment. Followup with nonrespondents may reveal anout-of-business firm, but this information is often receivedtoo late to incorporate into monthly estimates, and the firm issimply treated as a nonrespondent for that month.

Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the esti-mates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and anumber of other differences between the sample-based esti-mates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjust-ment levels have no specific economic meaning in and ofthemselves.

Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1983-93period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"

and the average monthly "bias required" with the bench-mark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the averageamount of bias which was added each month over the courseof an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias addedfor 1993 is listed as 83,000; this represents the average ofbias adjustments made each month over the period April1992 through March 1993. Bias required is computed retro-spectively, after the March benchmark for a given year isknown. Bias required figures are calculated by taking thedifference between a March estimate derived purely fromthe sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment)and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by 12 givesthe average monthly bias required figure. The bias requiredis thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment whichwould have achieved a zero benchmark error. The differencebetween the total bias required and the total bias added isthen, by definition, approximately the benchmark revisionamount, for any given year. Also provided in the table for il-lustration, are the March-to-March changes. As discussedabove, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation withthe bias added and bias required figures.

THE SAMPLE

DesignThe emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing

timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal ofits design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the uni-verse to provide reliable estimates that can be published bothpromptly and regularly. The present sample allows BLS toproduce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimatesfor each month, including some limited industry detail,within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data in consid-erably more detail with an additional one-month lag.

The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is aform of sampling with probability proportionate to size,known as "sampling proportionate to average size of estab-lishment." This is an optimum allocation design among stra-ta because sampling variance is proportional to the averagesize of establishments. The universe of establishment em-ployment is highly skewed, with a large percentage of totalemployment concentrated in relatively few establishments.Because variance on a population total estimate is a functionof percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, itis efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher ratethan smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sampleunit is fairly constant across size classes.

Under the establishment survey design, large establish-ments fall into a certainty strata for sample selection. Thesize of the sample for the various industries is determinedempirically on the basis of experience and cost consider-ations. For example, in a manufacturing industry with a highproportion of total employment concentrated in a smallnumber of establishments, a larger percent of total employ-ment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample

160


design for such industries provides for a complete census ofthe large establishments, with a relatively few chosen fromamong the smaller establishments. For an industry in whicha large proportion of total employment is concentrated insmall establishments, the sample design again calls for in-clusion of all large establishments but also for a more sub-stantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the tradeand services divisions fall into this category. To keep thesample to a size which can be handled by available re-sources, it is necessary to have a sample design for these in-dustries with a smaller proportion of total universe coveragethan is the case for most manufacturing industries.

CoverageThe establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling

operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows thelatest benchmark employment levels and the approximateproportion of total universe employment coverage, at the to-tal nonfarm and major industry division levels. The cover-age for individual industries within the divisions may varyfrom the proportions shown.

ReliabilityThe establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is

subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling er-ror. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directlyrelated to the size of the sample and the percentage of uni-verse coverage achieved by the sample. The establishmentsurvey sample covers over one-third of total universe em-ployment; this yields a very small variance on the total non-farm estimates. Measurements of error associated with sam-ple estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sumof sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total

survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publishsampling error as their only measure of error, the CEScan derive an annual approximation of total error,on a lagged basis, because of the availability of theindependently derived universe data. While the benchmarkerror is used as a measure of total error for the CES surveyestimate, technically, it actually represents the differencebetween two independent estimates derived from separatesurvey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and theUI universe process) and thus reflects the errors present ineach program. Historically, the benchmark revision has beenvery small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past de-cade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent,with a range from zero to 0.6 percent. Table 2-D shows themost current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year meanrevisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, asover and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean abso-lute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy ofthe estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimatewas from the final benchmark level.

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earn-ings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimat-ing cells do not have universe data sources available andtherefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, althoughthe broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes inemployment weights. Like the employment estimates, thehours and earnings estimates are also subject to samplingand nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error foremployment, hour, and earnings were computed using themethod of random groups and are expressed as relative stan-

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1983-93

YearBenchmark

Employment1 Revision2

Average monthly bias

Added3 Required4

Over-the-yearemployment

change5

1983.1984.1985.1986.1987.1988.1989.

1990.1991 .1992.1993.

72,04376,37179,44681,20483,17386,18089,015

90,54688,79088,34789,790

-78341-131-40021

-310-93

-261-583-130288

10214015214998114131

85613383

961691411169988123

631222107

-1,3274,3283,0751,7581,9693,0072,835

1,531-1,756

-4431,443

1 Universe counts for March of each year used to make annualbenchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 99 per-cent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insuranceadministrative records, and the remaining 1 percent is from alternatesources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.

2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and thebenchmark level for total private employment.

3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior yearthrough March of the given year.

4 The difference between the March benchmark and the March esti-mate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, con-verted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.

5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because

there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

161


dard errors (standard error divided by the estimate). Relativestandard errors for individual industries with the specifiednumber of employees are presented in table 2-E and for ma-jor industries in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standarderror by its estimated value gives the estimate of the standarderror. The errors presented here are based on averages ob-served from sample data over the March 1992 throughMarch 1993 period.

Standard errors for differences between industries andtimes. The standard error of a difference is required to test forsignificant differences between estimates from two differentindustries. Since the estimates for the two industries are in-dependent, the standard error of a difference is the squareroot of the sum of the estimated variance of each estimate,Si2 and S2

2.

S difference = V? s\

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month tomonth, so monthly estimates are not independent. Thecovariance between these estimates must be accounted forwhen testing the significance of the change in estimates overtime. The standard error of the change can be estimated asfollows.

S change = + S2 " 2 / 7 ^

If si = S2, then:

S change = -\/^sl \^~~ P'

Conservative estimates of Rafter one month are 0.8 for em-ployment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for averagehourly earnings.

If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used toconstruct approximate confidence intervals or range of val-ues that include the true population value. If the process ofselecting a sample from the population were repeated manytimes and an estimate and its standard error calculated foreach sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervalsfrom one standard error below the estimate to one standarderror above the estimate would include the true populationvalue.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmarkrevision at the major industry division level and below arenoneconomic code changes, which are introduced into theuniverse data in the first quarter of each calendar year.

Approximately one-third of all establishments in the uni-verse are included in the universe program's annual Stan-dard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Correc-tions to individual establishments SIC and ownership codesare made through this process. The refiling cycle is such that

every third year entire division(s) are subject to refiling. Thevolume of these adjustments is generally quite large and hasa substantial impact on universe employment counts at theindustry levels, although the total nonfarm employment lev-el remains unaffected. For example, in a year when the ser-vices division is refiled, a substantial amount of employ-ment is usually reclassified out of services to other major di-visions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, andpotentially causing a significant downward revision in theservices employment totals previously published.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First prelimi-nary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings, basedon less than the total sample, are published immediately fol-lowing the reference month. Final revised sample-based es-timates are published 2 months later when nearly all the re-ports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G presentsthe root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and the meanabsolute percent revision that may be expected between thepreliminary and final employment estimates.

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverageof BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1993

Industry

Total

MiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and

public utilities . . . .Wholesale trade . . .Retail tradeFinance, insurance,and real estate ..

ServicesGovernment:

FederalStateLocal

Bench-marks(thous-ands)

108,935

6034,177

17,974

5,7205,903

19,133

6,63329,647

2,9264,581

11,638

Sample coverage1

Number ofestablish-

ments

325,021

3,88326,40459,002

217,56726,36765,892

24,34677,599

(3)5,977

17,984

Employees

Number(thous-ands)

43,564

258851

9,160

2,5281,1544,843

2,1757,771

2,9263,9117,987

Percentof

bench-marks

40

432051

442025

3326

1008569

1 Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all es-tablishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earningsestimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.

2 The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete countof employment for Class I railroads. Asmall sample is used to estimatehours and earnings data.

3 Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national esti-mates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management.Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as Stateand area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of5,342 reports covering about 60 percent of employment in Federal es-tablishments.

162


Table 2-D. Current (March 1993) and historical benchmark revisions(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1993benchmark revision

Level Percent

10-year averagemean percent revision1

Actual Absolute

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

MiningMetal miningCoal miningOil and gas extractionNonmetaillic minerals, except fuels

Construction ,General building contractorsHeavy construction, except buildingSpecial trade contractors

Manufacturing ,

Durable goods


Blast furnaces and basic steel products . . .Fabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentAircraft and parts


Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing industries


Railroad transportationLocal and interurban passenger transitTrucking and warehousingWater transportationTransportation by airPipelines, except natural gasTransportation services

Communications and public utilitiesCommunicationsElectric, gas, and sanitary services


Retail tradeBuilding materials and garden suppliesGeneral merchandise stores


263

288

287

130481

6842

1

26

206

128186430

2220

724132

1213

78

24-497995

-4192

-24

585607

37031924

-2

-152-75-77

-40-1392

0.2

.3

1.3

2.20

3.42.41.0

1.64.1

.2

1.0

1.1

1.3

2.61.2.8.40

1.71.0.5

1.41.6

.41.33.51.0

1.5-9.51.3.7

1.3.6.5

-2.72.11.7

1.01.6

01.82.3

0.4

5.32.5

.1

.3-.2

-2.6-2.2-3.1

-.2-1.83.8

-0.1

-.1

-.4

-1.8-2.7-1.2-2.1-1.1

-.4-.1-.5-.5

-.4

-.4

-.6-.1-.3-.7-.3-.3-.7-.9.5

1.0.5

-.3-.5

-.4

-.6-1.7-.3-.9-.1-.3-.2-.3-.3

-1.7

-.4-.6-.11.0-.4

-2.8-1.3

-.1-1.6-.1-.2-.1

-.7-.9-.3

.2

.61.3

0.2

.3

.7

2.13.22.02.61.5

1.52.21.81.9

.7

.7

1.4.9

1.01.01.3

.81.11.11.01.21.41.81.4

.8

1.14.0

.81.3.6.9.8

1.71.63.3

.3

.71.31.41.61.65.02.13.72.6

.71.1.7

1.21.31.1

.61.62.1

163


Table 2-D. Current (March 1993) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1993benchmark revision

Level Percent

10-year averagemean percent revision1

Actual Absolute

Retail trade—Continued

Food storesAutomotive dealers and service stationsApparel and accessory storesFurniture and home furnishings storesEating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments


Depository institutionsNondepository institutionsSecurity and commodity brokersHolding and other investment offices

InsuranceInsurance carriersInsurance agents, brokers, and service

Real estate

ServicesAgricultural servicesHotels and other lodging placesPersonal services ..Business services

Personnel supple servicesAuto repair, services, and parkingMiscellaneous repair servicesMotion picturesAmusement and recreation servicesHealth services

HospitalsLegal servicesEducational servicesSocial servicesMuseums and botanical and zoological gardensMembership organizationsEngineering and management services3

Services, nee


EducationOther State government

LocalEducationOther local government

1-24

-1-20-48-28

10010

-2434

4-464501426

354

14568

-61117

-1160

-107-32-5

-7120

735

-1

-250

185

13-43-7

-36

( )-1.2-.1

-2.5-.7

-1.2

1.5.3

-1.27.8.9

-1.82.93.32.12.0

.1

.9

.94.7.1

-3.51.22.0

-2.75.3

-1.2-.8-.5

-4.0.10

3.6.2

-2.4-.1

0.4.3.5

-.4-.1-.7

-.9-.81.2-.4.6

-.2

-.3-.7

-1.3.7

-.1-.5.2.5

-.3-.2

.12.6.2.1.4

1.5-.2-.5.9.1

-.7-.4(2)1.0

-1.11.42.3.8

-.5

(2)0.4.7.2

-.1-.1-.2

1.01.21.61.51.2.8

.8

.81.31.4

.94.81.01.51.81.4

.52.61.42.31.44.1

.93.82.22.91.0

.71.42.91.93.43.01.51.8

.30.7

1.3.6.3.4.3

1 Data relate to the 1984-93 benchmarks, as originally published,unless otherwise noted.

2 Less than 0.05 percent.3 Data relate to 1989-93.

164


Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,hours, and earnings

(In percent)

Size of employmentestimate

50,000100,000200,000500,0001,000,0002,000,000

Employment

1.31.0

.8

.6

.4

.3

Averageweeklyhours

2.01.51.1.8.6.5

Averagehourly

earnings

2.92.41.91.41.1.9

1 Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March1992-March1993.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates ofemployment, hours, and earnings by industry division

(In percent)

Industry

Total privateMiningConstructionManufacturing



Wholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, andreal estate

Services

Employ-ment

0.1.4.4.1.2.1

.2

.2

.1

.3

.2

Averageweeklyhours

0.4.7.2.2.2.3

1.5.4.3

.5

.7

Averagehourly

earnings

0.31.0.3.4.5.4

1.7.3.3

.4

.4

1 Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March1992-March1993.

Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates arenormally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and

1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private nonfarm level,and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industrygroupings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with

BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same es-tablishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the fullCES sample to produce monthly national employment esti-mates, while each State agency uses its portion of the sampleto independently develop a State employment estimate.

The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Defi-nitions for all areas are published each year in the issue ofEmployment and Earnings that contains State and area annu-al averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitionsare noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may beobtained from the State agencies listed on the inside backcover of each issue.

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimationprocedures used by BLS are designed to produce accuratenational data by detailed industry; correspondingly the Stateestimation procedures are designed to produce accurate datafor each individual State. State estimates are not forced tosum to national totals nor vice versa. Because each State se-ries is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errorsthan the national series, summing them cumulates individu-al State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregatelevel. This has been a particular problem at turning points inthe U.S. economy, when the majority of the individual Stateerrors tend to be in the same direction. Due to these statisti-cal limitations, the Bureau does not compile or publish a"sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cau-tions users that such a series is subject to a relatively largeand volatile error structure, particularly at turning points.

165


Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates

Industry Root-mean-squareerrorof monthly level1

Mean percent revision

Actual Absolute

Total

Total private

Goods-producing industries

MiningMetal mining2

Coal mining^Oil and gas extractionNonmetallic minerals, except fuels2

ConstructionGeneral building contractorsHeavy construction, except building2

Special trade contractors^

Manufacturing

Durable goods


Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipment.Transportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentAircraft and parts2


Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing industries


Railroad transportation2

Local and interurban passenger transit2 ..Trucking and warehousing2

Water transportation2

Transportation by air2

Pipelines, except natural gas2

Transportation services2

Communications and public utilitiesCommunications2

Electric, gas, and sanitary services2



71,500

54,300

17,200

2,400600

1,0002,300

400

9,9004,4004,0006,400

11,600

8,500

1,4001,3001,3001,8001,4002,2002,6003,1004,4003,6002,3001,7001,600

6,600

3,900500

1,8002,8001,5001,9001,700

7001,700

800

64,700

9,3007,1002,1003,200

15,3002,20013,300

2001,2004,5004,2001,900

6,5003,8004,300

00

-0.2.10

.10.1.1

000-.1-.10000.1-.100

0.100000-.10-.1

0000-.1.2-.3-.4-.1-.1-.10

000

0.1

0

.1

.3

.7

.6

.4

.3

.2

.3

.4

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.5

.1

.1

.1

.2

.4

.2

.2

.3

.2

.8

.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.3

.2

.5

.1

.1

.2

.6

.7

.31.0.5.7.3.2.2.2

.1

.1

.1

166


Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued

Industry Root-mean-square errorof monthly level1

Mean percent revision

Actual Absolute

Retail tradeBuilding materials and garden supplies2

General merchandise storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service stationsApparel and accessory stores2

Furniture and home furnishings stores2

Eating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments2


Depository institutions2

Nondepository institutions2

Security and commodity brokers2

Holding and other investment offices2

InsuranceInsurance carriers2

Insurance agents, brokers, and service2

Real estate

ServicesAgricultural services2

Hotels and other lodging places2

Personal services2

Business servicesPersonnel supply services2

Auto repair, services, and parking2

Miscellaneous repair services2

Motion pictures2

Amusement and recreation services2

Health servicesHospitals2

Legal services2

Educational services2

Social services1

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens2

Membership organizations2

Engineering and management services3

Services, nee2


Education2

Other State government2

LocalEducation2

Other local government2

29,0002,500

13,3006,2003,100

12,2003,900

11,3007,600

6,4004,5009,2001,5001,0001,7003,0002,8001,0003,100

30,8006,1007,200

11,00014,30012,40012,7002,8006,200

13,9007,100

26,40012,40024,50028,100

90025,4004,1001,400

44,20015,80017,50011,7008,200

26,60019,80020,400

.1

.1000

-.1.10.2

00

-.1.1.10000.1

0-.1.1-.1.1.2-.2-.2-.1.40

-.1-.2-.1-.1-.2-.20.1

0.10.1.10.10

.1

.2

.4

.2

.1

.5

.3

.1

.2

.1

.1

.2

.3

.2

.6

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.6

.3

.6

.2

.5

.4

.41.0.9.1.2.3.7.5

1.0.4.1.3

.2

.4

.3

.5

.2

.2

.3

.2

1 The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squarederror. The mean squared error is the square of the difference betweenthe final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series ofmonthly observations.

2 Data based on differences from January 1990 through December

1993.3 Data based on differences from August 1990 through December

1993.NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1989 through

December 1993, unless otherwise noted.

167


Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labormarket areas (LMA's), and other areas covered underFederal assistance programs are developed by State employ-ment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperativeprogram. The local unemployment estimates which derivefrom standardized procedures developed by BLS are thebasis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits underFederal programs such as the Job Training and PartnershipAct.

Annual average data for the States and over 260 areasshown in table C-3 are published in Employment andEarnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States,selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annualaverage data classified by selected demographic, social, andeconomic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin,Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.

Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other smallareas have been prepared for administration of variousFederal economic assistance programs and may be orderedfrom the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unem-ployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthlythrough GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on asubscription basis.

ESTIMATING METHODS

Monthly labor force, employment, and unemploymentestimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District ofColumbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 ormore. The estimation methods are described below forStates (and the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas.At the sub-LMA level, (county and city), estimates areprepared using disaggregation techniques based on decen-nial and annual population estimates and current unemploy-ment insurance data. A more detailed description of theestimation procedure is contained in the BLS document,Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statis-tics.

Estimates for States

Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force andunemployment estimates for 11 large States—California,Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey,New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tex-as—are sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the

Current Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. Theseare termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPSconcepts, see "Household Data," above.

For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,which do not use the CPS directly each month, models basedon a "signal-plus-noise" approach are used to developemployment and unemployment estimates. These are the"non-direct-use" States. The model of the signal is a timeseries model of the true labor force which consists of threecomponents: A variable coefficient regression, a flexibletrend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regressiontechniques are based on historical and current relationshipsfound within each State's economy as reflected in thedifferent sources of data that are available for eachState—the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES)survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. Thenoise component of the models explicitly accounts forautocorrelation in the CPS sampling error and changes in theaverage magnitude of the error. In addition, the models canidentify and remove the effects of outliers in the historicalCPS series. While all the State models have importantcomponents in common, they differ somewhat from oneanother to better reflect individual State characteristics.

Two models—one for the employment-to-populationratio and one for the unemployment rate—are used for eachState. The employment-to-population ratio, rather than theemployment level, and the unemployment rate, rather thanthe unemployment level, are estimated primarily becausethese ratios are usually more meaningful for economicanalysis.

The employment-to-population ratio models use the rela-tionship between the State's monthly employment from theCES and the CPS. The models also include trend and season-al components to account for movements in the CPS not cap-tured by the CES series. The seasonal component accountsfor the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the CESwhile the trend component adjusts for long-run systematicdifferences between the two series.

The unemployment rate models use the relationshipbetween the State's monthly unemployment insuranceclaims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along withtrend and seasonal components.

In both the employment-to-population ratio and unem-ployment rate models, an important feature is the use of atechnique that allows the equations to adjustautomatically to structural changes that occur. The regres-sion portion of the model includes a built-in tuningmechanism, known as the Kalman Filter, which revises amodel's coefficients when the new data that becomeavailable each month indicate that changes in the data

168


relationships have taken place. Once the estimates aredeveloped from the models, levels are calculated for theemployment, unemployment, and labor force levels.

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthlyestimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District ofColumbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to theannual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking tech-nique employs a procedure (called the Denton method)which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal theCPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible,the original monthly seasonal pattern of the model esti-mates.

In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is re-quired; the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimateswill equal the CPS annual averages.

Estimates for sub-State areasMonthly labor force and employment estimates for two

large sub-State areas—New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly fromthe CPS. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 LMA's, are preparedthrough indirect estimation techniques, described below.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian em-ployment estimates are based on CES data. These "place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting fromplace of work to place of residence have been developed forseveral categories of employment on the basis of employ-ment relationships at the time of the 1990 decennial census.

These factors are applied to the CES estimates for the currentperiod to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to whichare added estimates for employment not represented in theCES—agricultural employees, nonagricultural self-em-ployed and unpaid family workers, and private householdworkers.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the esti-mates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were pre-viously employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2)those previously employed in industries not covered bythese laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian la-bor force for the first time or reentering after a period of sep-aration.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employ-ment and unemployment are prepared for the State andLMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographicallyexhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustmentmust be applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensurethat they add to the independently estimated State totals foremployment and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State es-timates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changesin the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employ-ment figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated his-torical relationships. The corrected estimates are then read-justed to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates ofemployment and unemployment.

169


Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's laborforce, the levels of employment and unemployment, andother measures of labor market activity undergo sharpfluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes inweather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, majorholidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Becausethese seasonal events follow a more or less regular patterneach year, their influence on statistical trends can beeliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical andother nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluatingchanges in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important tonote that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximationbased on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimateshave a broader margin of possible error than the original dataon which they are based, because they are subject not only tosampling and other errors but are also affected by theuncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force andestablishment-based data are published monthly in Employ-ment and Earnings.

Since January 1980, national labor force data have beenseasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which wasdeveloped at Statistics Canada as an extension of the stan-dard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedureappears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment MethodbyEstela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No.12-564E, January 1983.

At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonaladjustment factors are calculated for use during theJanuary-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculatesand publishes in Employment and Earnings projectedseasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, basedon the experience through June. Revisions of historical datafor the most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning ofeach calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions tothe estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census populationcounts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982were carried back to 1970.

All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as wellas the major employment and unemployment estimates, arecomputed by aggregating independently adjusted series. Forexample, for each of the three major labor forcecomponents—agricultural employment, nonagriculturalemployment, and unemployment—data for four sex-agegroups (men and women under and over 20 years of age) areseparately adjusted for seasonal variation and are thenadded to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. Theseasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum ofeight seasonally adjusted civilian employment componentsand four seasonally adjusted unemployment components.

The total for unemployment is the sum of the fourunemployment components, and the unemployment rate isderived by dividing the resulting estimate of totalunemployment by the estimate of the labor force. Becauseof the independent seasonal adjustment of various series,components will not necessarily add to totals.

In each January issue, Employment and Earnings pu-blishes revised seasonally adjusted data for selected laborforce series based on the experience through December, newseasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate thecivilian unemployment estimate for the first 6 months of thefollowing year, and a description of the current seasonaladjustment procedure.

Since the early 1980's, BLS has also used the X-llARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust national establish-ment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. TheX-ll ARIMA program had been run once each year afterbenchmarking and seasonal adjustment factors had beenprojected and published for 12 months ahead (April-March).Beginning in June 1989, with the introduction of the March1988 benchmarks, the Bureau modified this procedure toparallel that used in seasonally adjusting household surveydata. Projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculatedand published twice a year. Revisions of historical data aremade once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions.

All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicativemodels under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factorsare computed and applied at component levels. Foremployment series, these are generally the 2-digit SIClevels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic aggrega-tions for employment series and weighted averages of theseasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.

Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are theproduct of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings andseasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weeklyearnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, areobtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonallyadjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Indexfor Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), andmultiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying averageweekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsu-pervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the1982 annual average base. For total private, total goods-pro-ducing, total private service-producing, and major industrydivisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonallyadjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weeklyhours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate componentindustries and dividing by the 1982 annual average base.

Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number ofseries characterized by small seasonal components relativeto their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These

170


failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonallyadjusted series.

Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government em-ployment are derived from unadjusted data which includeChristmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Ser-vice. The number of temporary census workers for the de-cennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcula-tion of seasonal adjustment factors.

BLS has developed an extension of X-l 1ARIMA to allowit to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence orabsence of religious holidays in the April survey referenceperiod and of Labor Day in the September reference period.This extension was applied for the first time at the end of1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series whichtested as having significant and well-defined effects in theirApril data associated with the timing of Easter. Thisextension was also used for the seasonal adjustment of manyof the establishment-based series on average weekly hoursand manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the com-putation of the projected factors for the period beginning inApril 1990. Effective with the computation of factors for theNovember 1993-April 1994 period, an extension of themoving-holiday adjustment was introduced to adjust for theeffects of elections on local government employment.

Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based series based on the experience through March 1994,new seasonal adjustment factors for May-October 1994, anda description of the current seasonal adjustment procedureappear in the June 1994 issue of Employment and EarniiTgs.Factors for the November 1994-April 1995 period willappear in the December issue.

Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of

seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regionsand divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia(tables C-l and C-2). Using the X-l 1 ARIMA procedure,seasonal adjustment factors are computed and appliedindependently to the component employment and unem-ployment levels and then aggregated to regional or Statetotals. Current seasonal adjustment factors are produced for6-month periods twice a year. Historical revisions are madeat the beginning of each calendar year. Because of theseparate processing procedures, totals for the Nation as awhole differ from the results obtained by aggregatingregional or State data.

Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication ofseasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data bymajor industry for all States and the District of Columbia(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directlyto the employment estimates at the division level (compo-nent series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregatedto the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors andhistorical revisions are made coincident with the annualbenchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures aredesigned to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonallyadjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independentlydevelops a national employment series; State estimates arenot forced to sum to national totals. Because each Sate seriesis subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than thenational series, summing them cumulates individual Statelevel errors and can cause significant distortions at anaggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLSdoes not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, andcautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively largeand volatile error structure.

171


INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES

TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State,and area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages:Household data in the January issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area estab-lishment and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of thispublication.

Topic

Monthly

Seasonallyadjusted

Notseasonallyadjusted

Quarterly averges

Seasonallyadjusted

Notseasonallyadjusted

Annualaverages

Absences from workAggregate weekly hours (Index)Agricultural industries

At workClass of workerDiffusion indexDiscouraged workersEarnings, hourly

Earnings, weekly

Educational attainment and school enrollmentEmployment by:

AgeHispanic originIndustry

Occupation

Race

Sex

Family typeFull-time workers

Historical data

Hours of work

Jobsearch methodsMarital statusMultiple jobholdersNonagricultural industriesNot in the labor force *Part-time workersProduction or nonsupervisory workersState, region, and area dataUnemployment by:

Age

DurationHispanic origin

Industry of last jobOccupation of last jobRace

ReasonSex '.'..

Union affiliationVeterans, Vietnam-era

B-9A-1-3,6,10

A-6A-6B-6

B-11

B-11

A-3-5,7A-4B-3-5,7

A-6A-4

A-2-7; B-4

A-5

B-8-10

A-6,10

A-1-3,6

A-5B-5,8-9,11

B-7; C-1-2

A-3-5,8-9

A-12A-4

A-10A-10A-4

A-11A-2-5,8-9

I

A-14,19-20,28,33

A-21-25A-20

A-34B-2,15-18

B-2,15,15a,17-18

A-15

A-13-17,20A-15A-19; B-12-

14A-17-19A-13-16,18

A-13-18,20;B-13

A-16,31

A-21-25; B-2,15,18

A-26,32A-35A-14,20

A-34A-16B-12,15-18

B-14,18; C-3

A-13-16,26,29-30,32

A-30-33A-15

A-28,33A-27,33A-13-16,26,29,32

A-29-30A-13-16,26-30,32

A-36

D-1,4,8

D-4D-4

D-1-3,5D-2

D-4D-2

D-1-5

D-3

D-4,8

D-1,4

D-3

D-1-2,6-7

D-10D-2

D-8D-8D-2

D-9D-1-2,6-7

D-11-14

D-13-14

D-19-21

D-11-12,15D-11-15

D-13-14D-11,13,15

D-11-15

D-13-14

D-13-14

D-11-12,16

D-18D-11-12,

16-18

D-11,16-20

D-17D-11-12,16

D-22-23

47-48

A-1-2; 1-2,5-6,12-13,15,17-18,28,34

19-2312-13,15-16

37B-2,15-17;

53; 2B-2,15,15a,

17; 39-42,53; 2

7

3-9,14-154-7,11-13,18B-1,12-13,

16-18; 19-13,173,5,7-8,10-

12,14,17-18B-13; 2-18

25-268,12-13,32A-1-2; B-1-2;

1-2B-15; 19-23,

53; 235-3624,3338A-1-2; 1-2,5-6,12-13,15

378,12-13B-12,15-17;52-53

1-3

3-8,24,29,31,35

31-344-7,25-26,30

28,3427,343,5,7-8,24-26,30,33,35

29-312-8,24,27-29,31,33,35-36

43-4649-50

172 U . S . G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 1 9 9 4 — 3 8 7 - 1 7 6 / 2 0 0 0 1


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORBureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

REGION I-BOSTON1 Congress Street10th FloorBoston, MA 02114Phone (617) 565 2327

REGION II-NEW YORKRoom 808201 Varick StreetNew York, NY 10014Phone (212) 337-2400

REGION III—PHILADELPHIA3535 Market Street, 8th FloorGateway Building, Suite 8000Philadelphia, PA 19104-3309Phone:(215)596-1154

REGION IV-ATLANTASuite 5401371 Peachtree Street, NEAtlanta. GA 30367Phone (404)347-4416

REGION V-CHICAGO9th Floor230 South Dearborn StreetChicago, IL 60604Phone (312)353-1880

REGION VI-DALLASRoom 221Federal Building525 Griffin StreetDallas, TX 75202Phone (214) 767-6970

REGIONS VII and VIII—KANSAS CITYCity Center Square1100 Main, Suite 600Kansas City, MO 64105-2112Phone:(816)426-2481

REGIONS IX and X -SAN FRANCISCO71 Stevenson StreetPO Box 193766San Francisco, CA 94119Phone (415)744-6600

Cooperating StateCurrent Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local

BLSMOQIOH

IV

X

IX

VI

IX

VIII

I

II!

Ill

IV

IV

IX

X

V

V

VII

VII

IV

VI

I

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

ALABAMA

ALASKA

ARIZONA

ARKANSAS

CALIFORNIA

COLORADO

CONNECTICUT

DELAWARE

DIST OF COL

FLORIDA

GEORGIA

HAWAII

IDAHO

ILLINOIS

INDIANA

IOWA

KANSAS

KENTUCKY

LOUISIANA

MAINE

MARYLAND

Department of Industnal Relations, Room 427,Industrial Relations Bldg , Montgomery 36130

Department of Labor, Research and AnalystsSecuun. 1111 West 8th St.. Juneau 99802-5501

Department of Economic Security, 1300 WestWashington St., Phoenix 85005

Employment Security Department.PO Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981

Employment Development Department. Employ-ment Data and Research Division, 7000Franklin Blvd.. Bldg 1100, Sacramento 95823

Department of Labor and Employment, Suite801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203

Labor Department, Employment SecurityDivision, 200 Folly Brook Blvd.Wethersfield 06109

Department of Labor, Office of Occupationaland Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,Newark 19714-9029

Department of Employment Services, Divisionof Labor Market Information and Analysis,Room 201, 500 C St, NW.. Washington,DC 20001

Florida Department of Labor and EmploymentSecurity, Bureau of Labor Market Information,Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr.. Tallahassee32399-0674

Department of Labor, Labor InformationSystems, 148 International Blvd., NE..Atlanta 30303

Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813

Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,Bo.se 83735

Department of Employment Security, (2 South),401 South State St.. Chicago 60605

Department of Employment and TrainingServices, Statistical Services Division,10 North Senate Avenue.Indianapolis 46204

Department of Employment Services, 1000 EastGrand Avenue, Des Moines 50319

Department of Human Resources. 401 TopekaAvenue, Topeka 66603

Department for Employment Services, LaborMarket Research and Analysis Branch.275 East Main St.. Frankiort 40621

Department of Labor, Research and StatisticsSection, 1001 North 23rd St.. Baton Rouge70804-9094

Department of Labor, Division of EconomicAnalysis and Research. 20 Union St.,Augusta 04330

Department of Employment and Training,Research and Analyst* Division, 1100 NorthEutaw St., Baltimore 21201

MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,

MICHIGAN

MINNESOTA

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI

Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg ,Boston 02114

Employment Security Commission, Researchand Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202

Department of Jobs and Training, Researchand Statistics Division, 5th Fl , 390 NorthRobert St.. St Paul 55101

Employment Security Commission, LaborMarket Information Division. PO Box 1699,Jackson 39215-1699

Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,Jefferson City 65104

AgenciesArea Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs

BLS•rivgion

VIII

VII

IX

I

II

VI

II

IV

«VIIIV

VI

X

III

II

I

IV

VIII

IV

VI

VIII

I

III

II

X

III

V

VIII

MONTANA

NEBRASKA

NEVADA

NEW HAMPSHIRE

NEW JERSEY

NEW MEXICO

NEW YORK

NORTH CAROLINA

NORTH DAKOTAOHIO

OKLAHOMA

OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA

PUERTO RICO

RHODE ISLAND

SOUTH CAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

TENNESSEE

TEXAS

UTAH

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VIRGINIA

VIRGIN ISLANDS

WASHINGTON

WEST VIRGINIA

WISCONSIN

WYOMING

Department of Labor and Industry, PO Box1728, Helena 59624

Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln68509-4600

Employment Security Department, 500 East3rd St, Carson City 89713

Department of Employment Security, 32 SouthMam St.. Concord 03301

Department of Labor, Division of Planning andResearch, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625

Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg. Albuquerque 87103

Department of Labor, Division of Research andStatistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg 12,Albany 12240-0020

Employment Security Commission, Labor MarketInformation Dwision, P.O. Box 25903,Raleigh 27611

Job Service. P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market

Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd ,Columbus 43215

Employment Security Commission, Researchand Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,Oklahoma City 73105

Employment Division. 875 Union St.. NE..Salem 97311

Bureau of Research and Statistics300 Capitol Associates BuildingHarrisburg, PA 17120-0034

Department of Labor and Human ResourcesBureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl , 505 MunozRivera Avenue. Hato Rey 00918 (CBS), Bureauof Employment Security, Research and AnalysisSection, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)

Department of Employment Security, 24 MasonSt., Providence 02903

Employment Security Commission, Labor MarketInformation Division, P.O. Box 995,Columbia 29202

Department of Labor, Labor Market InformationCenter, P.O. Box 4730. Aberdeen 57401

Department of Employment Security, Researchand Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull OfficeBldg , Nashville 37219

Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117Trinity St.. Austin 78778

Department of Employment Security. LaborMarket Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,Salt Lake City 84147

Department of Employment and Training, Officeof Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,Montpefier 05602

Employment Commission. Economic InformationServices, PO Box 1358, Richmond 23211

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade CharlotteAmalie, St Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)

Employment Security Department. Labor Marketand Economic Analysis Branch, 605 WoodviewDr, Otympia 98503

Department of Employment Security, Divisionof Labor and Economic Security, 112 CaliforniaAvenue, Charleston 25305

Department of Industry, Labor, and HumanRelations, Labor Market Information Bureau,201 East Washington Avenue. Madison 53707

Employment Security Commission, Researchand Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,Casper 82602
