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Emigrate“To leave one’s own country in order to settle permanently in another”
European Colonization
Three ways:Conquest (Spain)Trade (France)Settlement (England)
Reasons for EmigratingWealth
Adventure
New life
Freedom from:Economic troublesEuropean societyReligious persecution
Reasons for Emigrating
Wealth and AdventureExample: Jamestown in the Virginia Colony104 original settlersAll maleAbout half were “gentlemen”—not used to farm labor
Reasons for EmigratingFreedom from economic troubles
Indentured servants: worked for a master in exchange for free passage to AmericaSupposed to be trained in a skillFreed and given money after contract ended
Reasons for EmigratingReligious Persecution
Puritans (20,000 between 1629 and 1642) settled in New England coloniesQuakers settled in Pennsylvania (created in 1682)Catholics settled in Maryland (created in 1634)
Colonial America
Population increased ten times from 1700 to 1775
Colonists: 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775)
Slaves: 28,000 to 500,000
Distinct regionsNew England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
New England ColoniesGeography
Coastal areas with good harbors
Forests
Poor rocky soil
EconomySmall farms, lumber mills, fishing, shipbuilding, trade
People and societyMost lived on farms
Merchants, artisans, workers, slaves lived in cities
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
GeographyFertile soil and rivers
EconomyCash crops: oats, potatoes, wheatCities on the coast
People and societyWealthiest people owned large farms, businessesMost famers grew a little extra food
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
GeographyWarm climate
Good soil
Wide rivers
EconomyCash crops: Tobacco, rice, indigo
Large plantations
People and SocietyWealthy elite controlled most land
Cash crops needed large amounts of laborslaves
Southern Colonies
Colonial Government
As the colonies grew, the colonists’ views on government changed.
Colonies had to be self-governing
Time Distance