Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CSIRO – Health & Biosecurity
Emerging trends in the global nutraceuticals market: Novel opportunities for the palm oil industry
Mahinda Abeywardena PhD. Senior Principal Scientist & Visiting Professor
CSiRO
industry
impact
Top 1% of global research institutions in14 of 22 research fields
CSIRO: Australia’s National Science Agency
innovation
• Health & Biosecurity
Delivering impact: CSIRO’s top inventions
2. POLYMER BANKNOTES
EXTENDED WEAR CONTACTS
RELENZA FLU TREATMENT
FAST WLANWireless Local Area Network TOTAL
WELLBEING DIETRAFT POLYMERISATION
BARLEYMAX SELF TWISTING YARN SOFTLY WASHING LIQUID
AEROGARD
DHA-Canola
Physiologically Functional Foods
Definition :
‘Specific foods or food components that may deliver specificphysiological and/or health benefits beyond meeting basicnutritional needs’
‘A food with a health claim based on scientific evidence’
Nutraceuticals are often defined as any ‘food or part thereof which provides health benefits including prevention of treatment of disease’(Frost & Sullivan report on Global Nutraceutical Industry)
Functional Foods / Nutraceuticals
Food Pharmaceutical
Sustenance Prevention Treatment
The ‘health & wellbeing’ market consists of two main categories:
• Functional foods and beverages
• Dietary supplements
Other applications include
• Animal feeds / pet foods
• Personal care
Nutraceuticals Market Segmentation
Frost & Sullivan - FICCI
Major Nutraceutical Ingredients
Frost & Sullivan - FICCI
• Regulatory questions• Comply with legal requirements; GMP across supplement industry in particular
• Clean & Green• Responsibly sourced and sustainable ingredients
• An Aging Revolution• Healthy ageing encompasses not only seniors and baby boomers but also
Millennials and middle-age consumers• Key health needs include maintaining mental acuity, blood sugar control,
preserving muscle mass and vigour, weight control and CVD health• Science Rules• Ingredients and products supported by clinical evidence. One of the fast
emerging discipline is personalised nutritional solutions
2017 Market Trends for Nutraceuticals: Key Drivers
Nutraceutical World (2017)
Factors Driving the Nutraceuticals Market
• Growing affluent educated middle class in developing countries
• ‘Older active adults, a fear of all things artificial and more natural solutions for minor ailments will drive the market place’ (Sloan 2015)
• Scientifically validated health benefits of functional foods / supplements aimed at reducing the risk of chronic diseases CVD / diabetes, cognitive health
• Senior citizens and women preferring good digestive health
• Lower R & D and regulatory burdens for ‘pharmaceuticals’ in their ‘nutraceutical’ segment when compared to their prescription and OTC medications
Industry Trends: Vitamin E Market Size Worth Over $2.4bn by 2024
• Vitamin E Market size was over USD 2 billion in 2015, increasing with estimated gains at over 3.5%.
• Increasing healthcare costs resulting in shift in the consumer demand for dietary supplements
• Steady rise in the geriatric population ratio in developed economies (U.S., Europe, Japan)
• Consumers 65 and older accounted for over 35% of U.S. vitamin and health sales in 2015
• Older consumers also provides with opportunities for pursuing for novel applications; memory & cognition, digestive, muscle & bone health etc.,
• Expanding market for animal feed additives - (a key micronutrient in the livestock feed industry) - for improving immunity, health, reproduction and meat quality. Similarly, in the pet industry
• Rising consumer awareness and preference for ‘all things natural’ is facilitating global Vitamin E market growth
(Global Market Insights Inc; 2016)
Palm-based Phytonutrients
Lipid solubleVitamin E (rich in tocotrienols, T3)Carotenes (both α and β-carotenes)T3/Carotene/CoQ10 mixtures
Water soluble• Polyphenols (oil palm phenolics)
• Palm oil is the largest natural source of tocotrienols• Palm vitamin E; 30% tocopherols and 70% tocotrienols• Palm carotene is rich in α-carotene (30-40%)• Palm phenolics (a novel mix of natural phenolics)
Palm Antioxidants and Vascular Function
• Endothelial dysfunction important initial step in development of atherosclerosis
• Abdominal obesity, T2DM, increased glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation → Endothelial dysfunction
• Palm tocotrienols & carotenoids promote blood vessel health and function (non-human models); effects uncertain in humans
• Brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) accepted technique to quantify endothelial function
• Reduced FMD associated with increased future CVD events (Ras et al., 2013)
T3 and Vasculature:Human studies
Carotino
• Compare effects of 8 weeks supplementation with either palm-tocotrienols (Carotino-T380) or palm-carotenes (Carotino-CC60) compared to placebo on endothelial function in participants at risk of impaired vascular function
Primary aim
• Other markers of endothelial function; inflammatory markers; glucose, insulin, insulin resistance; arterial stiffness
Secondary outcomes
• Supplementation with either palm-tocotrienols (T380) or palm-carotenes (CC60) will result in greater improvements in vascular function, cardiovascular disease risk profile compared to a non-active placebo
Hypothesis
Study Design:
δ-T3, α-T3, γ-T3 and α -tocopherol concentration at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment
P la c e b o T R F -8 0 C C -6 00 .0 0
0 .0 2
0 .0 4
0 .0 6
0 .0 8
δ-t
oco
trie
no
ls (µ
g/m
l)
W e e k 0
W e e k 4
W e e k 8
*
*
P la c e b o T R F -8 0 C C -6 00 .0 0
0 .0 5
0 .1 0
0 .1 5
0 .2 0
0 .2 5
α-t
oco
trie
no
ls (µ
g/m
l)
W e e k 0
W e e k 4
W e e k 8
**
P la c e b o T R F -8 0 C C -6 00 .0 0
0 .0 5
0 .1 0
0 .1 5
0 .2 0
γ-to
cotr
ien
ols
(µ
g/m
l)
W e e k 0
W e e k 4
W e e k 8*
*
P la c e b o T R F -8 0 C C -6 00
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
α-t
oco
ph
ero
l (µ
g/m
l)
W e e k 0
W e e k 4
W e e k 8
* *
Values are mean ± SE. *, significantly different from baseline and from placebo treatment.TRF-80 (420mg/day tocotrienol + 132mg/day tocopherol), CC-60 (21mg/day carotenes) or placebo (palm olein) supplements for 8 weeks.
α-carotene and β-carotene concentration at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment
Values are mean ± SE. *, significantly differe nt from baseline and from placebo treatment. TRF-80 (420mg/day tocotrienol + 132mg/day tocopherol), CC-60 (21mg/day carotenes) or placebo (palm olein) supplements for 8 weeks.
Palm antioxidants and Vascular Function
Study outcomes:
• Daily supplementation with palm-tocotrienols increased plasma tocotrienols levels
• Daily supplementation with palm-carotenes increased plasma carotene levels
• Palm tocotrienols had no effects, superior or detrimental, on vascular function
• Palm carotenes had no effects, superior or detrimental, on vascular function
• No evidence of adverse drug-interactions (with medications)
Nutraceuticals: Emerging global markets
Brain health• Cognitive health is a thriving niche, particularly since it has applications throughout all
life stages and areas of the world• Dietary supplements positioned around memory or mood/relaxation claims is US$2.7
billion in retail sales (Euromonitor 2016)
Diabetes & complications• The diabetes drugs market, valued as a USD 30.95 billion market in 2016, is expected
become a USD 44.53 billion market by 2021, at a CAGR of about 7.5%. (Mordor Intelligence 2016)
• Great opportunity to develop efficacious anti-diabetic nutraceuticals and anti-glycation agents to combat secondary complications of diabetes
Polyphenols Market and Forecast
• Exceeded US$700 in 2015 and predicted to reach $1,127 by 2024. Major ingredients include grape seed, green tea and apple
• Key drivers are favourable ‘food safety’ regulations and increasing consumer awareness of health benefits
• Health & wellness applications include CVD, blood pressure, diabetes, eye disease, skin damage & repair, cancer etc.
• Supply of raw material is an issue. Technological advancements in the extraction / purification of polyphenols from fruit, vegetable, plants and herbs is predicted to boost the market demand
• Highest demand for polyphenols is seen from the functional beverage sector
Market Research Report (2016: ID 978-1-68038-127-6)
• Phenolics (2.4%)• Vitamins• Fruit acids• Fruit sugars
Oil Palm Phenolics (OPP)PP
Liquid milling waste:45 MMT (Malaysia)>100 MMT (globally)
Holding Tank
Centrifugalsystem
Lower aqueous phase containing nutraceuticals
Holding Tank
Series of membrane systems
POMW
Plate heat exchangers for cooling
Upper oil phase
Pelletedsolids
Antioxidant rich filtrate
Palm oil mill
Recovery of water soluble polyphenols (Oil Palm Phenolics: OPP)
Oil Palm Phenolics: Pre-clinical SubstantiationTest Extracts
conductance / resistance vessels
anti-arrhythmic activity
prebiotic / histology
Active compounds IP
Vascular function
Cardiac function
Gut health
Blood pressure dietary feeding and BP
PP
?
Progress review meeting 2013
N=1037 rats:17 experiments
Caecal Bulk
• OPP increases caecal contents
F u ll C a e c u m
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
g/1
00
g b
od
yw
eig
ht
a
a
D ig e s ta
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
g/1
00
g b
od
yw
eig
ht
a b
a cb d
c d
T is s u e
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
g/1
00
g b
od
yw
eig
ht
+ O P P in d ie t
C o n tro l (A IN )
+ O P P in d r in k
+ G T in d r in k
a
a
n=6 per group. Common superscripts indicate significance at p<0.05 (ANOVA, Tukeys). OPP at 50 mg GAE/day. GT, Green tea.
Faecal Moisture
• OPP increases faecal moisture• Darker coloured faeces
% m
ois
ture
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0 C on tro l (A IN )
Ju ice 5 0 G A E
Ju ice 7 5 G A E
OPP at 50 or 75 mg GAE/day
Control OPP
• OPP suppresses water absorption in gut lumen?
Gut Motility and Contractility
Glass bead inserted 3 cm into colon, time measured for expulsion (minutes). * indicates significance at p<0.05 (ANOVA, Tukeys).
C o lo n ic m o t i l it y t e s t
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
Min
ute
s*
*C o n tro l
O P P d r in k
3 0 % H A M S
lower times mean faster colonic transit (laxation).
Gut Contractility
• Faster transit of pellet in distal colon with OPP • Correlates with increased colonic contractility• Better laxation (anti-constipation)?
C o n t ra c t ility o f D is t a l C o lo n
-1 0 -9 -8 -7 -6
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
L o g [A n g io te n s in I] (M )
Co
ntr
acti
lity
(mm
/g)
* *
H A M S
O P P D r in k
C o n t r o l
In vitro gut contractility apparatus
Digesta Analysis (short chain fatty acids)
SCFA - Concentration
• OPP increases concentration of SCFA in caecal and colonic digesta(pre-biotic effect)
n=10 animals per group. Common superscripts indicate significance at p<0.05 (ANOVA, Tukeys). Total SCFA is the sum of all SCFA measured.
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
SC
FA
µm
ol/g
A ce t ic P ro p io n ic B u ty r ic T o ta l
b
a
a b
a ba
Ju ic e (5 0 G A E )
b
b
a
a b
C o n t r o l
Ju ic e (7 5 G A E )
OPP-Beneficial Microbial Effects• Digesta microbial DNA was extracted from OPP feeding studies.
• Quantitative Real-Time PCR assays were used to examine changes in numbers of selected bacterial groups and species with key roles in bowel health.
• Species significantly increased are detailed below. Effects are considered beneficial changes and may be linked with fermentation of fibres.
In vitro Fermentation
Carbohydrates in OPP
Total Sugar Total Starch Total Fibreg/100g Total
8.9 0.7 4.1 13.7
OPP preparation contains two distinct ‘bioactive families’• Cardio-vascular actions• Fermentable substrates for gut microbes
Pe
rce
nt
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
S t a r c h
S u g a r
F ib r e
O P P (2 2 K G A E )
Values are expressed as mean ± SEM for n=7 batches.
Gut health outcomes: Summary
Sugar Starch Fibreg/100g Total
8.9 0.7 4.1 13.7
% m
ois
ture
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0 C o n tro l (A IN )
Ju ic e 5 0 G A E
Ju ic e 7 5 G A E
Faecal moisture
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
SCFA
µm
ol
A c e t ic P r o p io n ic B u t y r ic T o t a l
a b
b
a
a bba
a b
b
a
SCFA
Carbohydrate Histology Microbiology
D is t a l C o lo n
-1 0 -9 -8 -7 -6
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
L o g [A n g io t e n s in I] (M )
Co
ntr
acti
lity
(mm
/g)
* *
Goblet cell staining in rat distal colon
Periodic Acid Schiffs/Alcian Blue
Alcian blue/nuclear fast red
Contractility
OPP contains fermentable substrates for gut microbes
Pe
rce
nt
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
F ib re
S u g a r
S ta rc h
OPP induced beneficial changes (RT-PCR) on key microbes responsible for maintaining GI health
Motility
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
Exp
uls
ion
(M
inu
tes)
**
C o n tro l
O P P d r in k
H A M S
lower times = faster colonic transit (laxation)
Effects of SCFA: acetate, propionate and butyrate
• Increase mucus thickness• Improve integrity of intestinal barrier• Lowered visceral pain sensitivity• Butyrate is energy source for colonocytes • Butyrate has anti-cancer effect • Reduces digesta pH - pathogens and absorption of toxic
metabolites• Modulate colonic muscular activity and improve splanchic
blood flow• Promote water and electrolyte uptake• Modulate gut immune response: anti-inflammatory and anti-
allergic effects
Fibre, microbes and the gut
competitionexclusion
IgA production
Promotion ofTregs Inflammasome activation
IL-18 productionEpithelial integrity
Tissue repairStimulation ofMucous production
Inhibition of inflammation/Altered cell recruitment
FiberIndigestiblestarch Commensal
bacteria
IL-18
FoxP3
Acetate (~ 40 mM)
Butyrate (~20 mM)
Propionate (20 mM) Thorburn et al., Immunity (2014) 40: 833
Tan et al., (2017) Ann. Rev. Immunol
Dietary metabolites affect signalling and influence immune, metabolic, and nervous systems
Protective bacteria Non-protective bacteria
Summary
• OPP has shown potential to improve bowel health. The fibres found to be present in OPP may be the primary cause of the fermentation-related benefits
• There is a growing global interest and demand for prebiotic fibres (dietary fibres which induce changes in the gut microbiota that lead to a health benefit)
• An opportunity exists to developing novel prebiotics and stool bulking agents from OPP
CSIRO – HEALTH & BIOSECURITY
Thank youDr Mahinda AbeywardenaSenior Principal Research Scientist & Visiting Professort +61 8 8303 8889E [email protected] www.csiro.au