Emerging Technologies

Jim Halderman

Introduction: Jim Halderman

• Former flat-rate technician, business owner, and a professor of automotive technology

• Author of many automotive textbooks all published by Pearson

Topics to be Discussed

• Timeline for innovation

• Laws and legal mandates

• Service-related changes

• Electrification of America

In the 1990s?

ODB-II and Airbags

In the 2000s?

Antilock Braking System (ABS)

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

• Required on all 2007+ vehicles

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Electric Power Steering

40% of new vehicles use EPS

Some (Ford Mustang) are variable

Now in 2010s

• Fuel economy and emissions regulations

Tier 3 Emissions Standard

• Starting in 2017• Lowers sulfur content of

gasoline from 30 ppm to 10 ppm.

• Tier 3 is to match with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Low Emission Vehicle (LEV III)

• Vehicle manufacturers can sell the same vehicles in all 50 states.

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)

Injector squirts into the cylinder

GDI Service Issues

• Carbon• Safety –must replace

any high-pressure line that is removed

• Noise• Requires that the

specified oil be used• Use Techron® or Top

Tier Gasoline

Top Tier Gas

• Top Tier Gasoline is gasoline that has engine cleaning chemicals to help reduce engine deposits.

• Most manufactures recommend the use of Top Tier gas.

• www.toptiergas.com

Top Tier Stations• 76 Stations• Aloha Petroleum• ARCO• Beacon• BP• Chevron• Conoco• Costco Wholesale• Country Mark• Diamond Shamrock• Entec Stations• Express Convenience Centers• Exxon• Hawaii Fueling Network (HFN)

• Holiday Station stores• Kwik Trip / Kwik Star• MFA Oil Co.• Mobil• Ohana Fuels• Phillips 66• QuikTrip• Road Ranger• Shamrock• Shell• Sinclair• Suncor Energy Inc• Super America• Texaco• Tri-Par Oil Co.• Valero

EPA and E15

• EPA final rule allows E15 and requires pump labeling

Changes Coming in Oil(Late 2016 or early 2017)

• SAE 0W-16

• NOT backward compatible (only for 2017 and newer vehicles)

• SAE 4, 8 and 12 are being discussed

ILSAC GF-6(Late 2016 or early 2017)

• Two formulations:• GF-6A- backward

compatible for older vehicles

• GF-6B-Not backward compatible (for use with SAE 0W-16)

GF-6 Improvements• Increased fuel economy.

• Enhanced oil robustness. To ensure acceptable engine oil performance due to fuel availability (E10, E15, E85), and emissions.

• Protection against “low-speed engine pre-ignition” (LSPi). LSPI that is attributed to engine oil.

• Adequate wear protection for frequently started engines. Needed for start/stop systems.

Ultrasonic Oil Level Sensor

• Jaguar since 2010 uses an ultrasonic oil level sensor. It uses sound waves that bounce off the oil surface and then displays the oil level.

• To check the oil level:• Scroll through trip

settings using the trip button on the end of the turn signal stalk

Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)

ETC GM Dash Warning Lights

ETC Ford Dash Warning Lights

ETC Chrysler/Dodge Warning Light

Variable Valve Timing (VVT)

Multiple Displacement Systems

FIAT Multiair

Engine Technology

Looks like any four cylinder

Four Cylinder 1.4 liter

Intake Valves Opened by Hydraulics

Electronic Stability Control(Required on all new 2012+ vehicles)

Backup Camera(Required on all new vehicles by 2016 MY)

Replaceable Fuel Filters(Not allowed after 2014 MY)

Copper in Brake Pads

Brake Lines and RustNTHSA says to wash underside of vehicle

Brakes and the lawTechnician has been charged with manslaughter(VT)

No Lead Wheel Weight States• CALIFORNIA• ILLINOIS• MAINE• NEW YORK• WASHINGTON• VERMONT• MINNESOTA• Many fleets ban lead, including the

government fleets in Lexington, Kentucky; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Clark County, Nevada and others.

• There are also policies in place for the United States Post Office and the United States Air Force

Future Mandates

• Fuel economy standards will increase from 27.5 mpg today to 35.5 mpg by 2016.

• Fuel economy standards will rise to 54.5 mpg by 2025.

More GDI, VVT and Turbochargers

Alternative Fuels?

Plug-in Hybrid

Chevrolet VOLT

Smart Phone Interface

More Electric Vehicles (EVs)?

Tesla Dash Display

Charging Stations

Three levels:1.Level 1- 110-120 volt -Charges AC @20A)

1.Level 2- 220-240 volt- Charges AC @40 A)

1.Level 3- 440-480 voltsCharges DC at 100+ A)

SAE J1772• Plug is not “hot” until the

charger communicates with the vehicle

• Once communication is established, then the charger will supply current to the vehicle.

• Charges with alternating currant (AC)

• The charger in the vehicle converts it to DC to charge the HV battery.

• Level 1 or 2

Level 2 (220-240 V)

Superchargers-Level 3

Tesla Supercharger

• Charge rate varies by SOC of the battery.

• A full charge (240miles) from about 15 miles remaining in about an hour.

• It would charge around 330-360 amps, but at the end it was down around 25 amps.

HV Batteries

• Batteries function best at the same temperatures as humans prefer

• Below 68 degrees, most want heat

• Above 78 degrees most want cooling

Li-ion Batteries at a Power Plant

Self Driving Vehicles?

• Almost here now• Radar cruise control is

commonly used today• Google and Tesla are

the major players today• Mercedes S-class can

“read” road signs

Apple Car

• Project “Titan”• Supposed to be

available before 2020.• Self driving?• To be called the iCar?

Flying Cars in The Future?

Summary

• No one knows what the future will bring• Keep the fundamentals in mind• Practice using service information• Google is my best friend• The future is………where we will spend the rest

of our lives

Contact Information