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Emerging Markets For Gold Dot Technology
Faculty
Mike McCarthyDerek Dunn-Rankin
Haris Catrakis
Liaison
William CrumlyGail Miller
James BreunanEric Jensen
Members
John LuongVu Phi
In Mo YeoBudiarto The
MAE 188 -- Engineering Design in Industry
Midterm Design Review
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCI
Packard-Hughes Interconnect, Irvine
Goal Statement
Identify and evaluate novel candidate product concepts in emerging niche market segments using High Density Gold Dot technology.
SpecificationsProduct Only
Specification MetricImportance (high/low/not important)
Marginal Ideal Date
1 Time to introduce the products into market high 3 years 1 year 10/6/00
2 Annual Growth (sales) high 15% + 10/6/00
3 Sales/year high$ 40
million+ 10/6/00
4 ROI (given spread sheet to calculate value later) high 20% + 10/6/00
5 High density high0.5 mm
pitch0.25 mm
pitch
6Customer satisfaction (gold dot will satisfy the
customer need)low --- --- 10/6/00
7 Awareness (avaliable market) low --- --- 10/6/00
8Access (gain access to vendors and manufacturers;
get to the purchasers)low --- --- 10/6/00
9 Acceptance (meeting specification of the buyer) low --- --- 10/6/00
10 High-end engineering solution (high density gold dot) low --- --- 10/6/00
11 User friendly (can the buyer understand) low --- --- 10/6/00
Market Only
Specification MetricImportance (high/low/not important)
Marginal Ideal Date
1 Profits high 15% 22+% 10/6/00
2 Annual Growth high 10% + 10/6/00
3 Stability (value decrease per year) high -15% 0 10/6/00
High Density Gold Dot Properties
Physical PropertiesArray pitch = 0.25 mmTip radius = 0.0254 mmSurface area of each dot = 0.0084 mm2
Material PropertiesMaximum tip load = 85 gramf
Different precious metals finishing plate possibleThermal Properties
Maximum temperature = 150oCMinimum temperature = -55oC
Electric propertiesCycle frequency
Analog = 5 GHz Digital = 2.5 Gbps
Maximum voltage = 2000 VoltsRF noise insensitive
Gold Dot Pitch, Structure, & Cost
Different PitchesIndividual addressable 0.500 mm pitch Row addressable
Standard dot 0.250 mm pitch Probe dot 0.167 mm pitch
Array addressable 0.100 mm pitch
Cost
Estimated to $ 0.0008 or 8/100 cent
Size / Scale
Airplane
Elephant
Ant
Water Molecule
Red blood cell
Gold Dot
2.78 x 10-10 m
5 x 10-6 m
2.5 x 10-4 m
2 x 10-3 m
4 m
100 m
Skin cells
Sensor
Bulk chemical
MEMS
Basic Technology Areas
MEMSCommunicationMagnetic switchesConnectionSecurity
BiologicalSkin interactionPain management
Electro-Chemical ProcessesIon generationPattern etching
Array SensorsTemperaturePosition Pressure
DisplayPlasma
Electroluminescent
Thermocouple - a temperature-measuring device formed by joining the ends of two strips of dissimilar metals in a closed loop, with the two junctions at different temperatures
Where do Gold Dots apply? each dot can be a thermocouple by coating with two dissimilar metals
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable; allows thermal map of area* smaller sensor
Thermistor - a device that changes its resistance with temperatureWhere do Gold Dots apply?
A temperature-sensitive resistor can be connected between 2 Gold Dots
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable* smaller sensor
Position Sensor - a device that measures changes with locationWhere do Gold Dots apply?
measures electrical changes between dots and ground 2-D fine resolution measurement
What is the advantage of using Gold Dot?* low cost* flexible backing; measure along curved surfaces
Array Sensor
Accelerometer - using a diaphragm to measure the force applied during an acceleration
Where do Gold Dots apply?Replace the diaphragm with a metal beam and
use a row of Gold Dots as a position sensor What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?
* simpler package and setup* longer life
Pressure Sensor - a pressure is applied on a piezoelectric material that sends out a voltage that is linear to its deflection.
Where do Gold Dots apply?Having two layers of Gold Dot face to face and measure the resistance base on their gap.
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individual addressable allow for pressure map* longer life* high resolution
Array Sensor
Plasma Display - the 3 colors of each picture element is emitted from a plasma created by an electric discharge
Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot can replace the electrode that is used to create an electric discharge
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* longer life* simpler packaging* curve surface
Electroluminescent - when an electrical current is passed through a horizontal and vertical wire, a phosphorescent film at the intersection glows, creating a point of light or pixel.
Where do Gold Dots apply? Each Gold Dot becomes the intersection point
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable allow greater control* multiple point simultaneously
Display
Biology & Healthcare: Skin Interaction
Electrolysis (hair-removal) - applying direct current to a hair follicle forming NaOH that destroy hair tissue
Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* high density - addressing individual hair follicle* painless
Drug delivery - delivering medicines through skinWhere do Gold Dots apply?
An array of Gold Dot will be the activating agentWhat is the advantage of using Gold Dots?
* better penetration by skin thermal expansion* individually addressable
Glucose reading - glucose concentration can be measured by taking sample from skin cell
Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot array could be used to interact with skin
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable allows many samples to be taken
Biology & Healthcare: Pain Management
Electro - acupuncture - by using a low intensity pulse, the acupuncture point is stimulated. Where do Gold Dots apply?
An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin.What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?
* Individually addressable dot could be used to determined the low resistance acupuncture point
* simultaneous acupuncture
Electro Muscle Stimulation (EMS) - induces muscle contraction by stimulating nerves and muscles; create electrical field in body tissue to stimulate healing process. At the same time, tone and build up muscle
Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* Individually addressable dot could direct current along muscles and nerves pattern.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) - low frequency stimulates body to produce its own natural pain control mechanism (endorphins); high frequency blocks the pain signal traveling to the brain
Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin.
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* Individually addressable dot could control the frequency at different area of the skin
Electrolysis - This process uses electricity to break up the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen.
Where do Gold Dots apply?A Strip of Gold Dot will be the electrode delivering the electricity to the water
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* increase surface area* localize high voltage concentration at tip
Electro-Chemical Processes: Ion Generation
Corona discharge – High voltage applied at a sharp tip will produce an electric corona ,which will breakup and oxidize nearby molecules to form ions.
Where do Gold Dots apply?The Gold Dots will be the electrode that create the corona
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* reliability* individually addressable and row addressable allow for more control of where and how much of ions is forms
Electroplating - This is a process uses oxidation and reduction to transfer a metal from the anode to the cathode in an electrolyte solution.
Where do Gold Dots apply?A strip of Gold Dots will be the anode
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* flexible backing allow uniform plating along curved
surfaces* individually addressable dots allow plating a pattern
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) - is technique of removing metal by means of spark erosion
Where do Gold Dots apply?A strip of Gold Dots will be the electrode that apply the charge
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable dot allow pattern cut* an array of dot allow the process to be quicker
Electro-Chemical Processes: Pattern Etching
Re-Configurable Antenna - An antenna that could have a variable receiver/transmitter that could receive/send at different frequencies
Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dots will be the antenna; depending on the Gold Dot pair that is activated, we could receive/transmit different wavelengths
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* remove moving parts that require robust packaging* faster response* longer life
Magnetic Micro-Relay - A current is applied to copper coils causing FeNi to be magnetized which closes the gold contacts
Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot array would replace the copper coils and the contacts
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* simpler (no coils)* durable, robust
MEMS
MEMS Connector - pins are currently used as the connecting medium for MEMS devices
Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dots will simply replace the pins as connector
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* smaller, space savings* more durable, robust
Smart Locking Key – non duplicable key with Gold Dots as the contact to the door and utilizing MEMS micro actuator to unlock door for home security system
What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* non duplicable, individually addressable gold dot* able to make the standard key smaller and lighter
MEMS
Potential MarketsMarket value
($ Million)
Location of
market
Projected growth
(%)
Estimated # of product
sold
Estimated # of
Gold dots / item
Estimated Gold Dots Sates ($ million)
Connector
(fine pitch)1,000 US 17.0% 1,000,000 100 0.1
Array sensors (temperature)
1,880 World Wide 8.0% 50,000,000 1,000 40.0
Array sensors
(pressure)2,790 World Wide 16.0% 30,000,000 1,000 24.0
Array sensors (gaming)
300 US 30.0% 1,000,000 20,000 16.0
Display (plasma)250 US % 100,000 250,000 20.0
Biosensor (diabetes)
1,000 World Wide 21.0% 16,000,000 2,500 32.0
Ion generation (hydrogen)
60 US 20.0% 1,000 16,000,000 12.8
Electro discharge (EDM)
236 US 3.0% 10,000 360,000 2.9
MEMS (antenna)
8,500 US 40.0% 100,000,000 8,000 640.0
MEMS (home security)
16,000 US 7.0% 1,660,000 10,000 13.3
MEMS (connector)
78 US 40.0% 77,600,000 24 1.5
DownselectionSensor/actuator Biological
Electro-chemical process
MEMS Connector
Market Size + 0 - + 0
Competition - 0 + - 0
Utilize Gold Dot features
0 + 0 + 0
Market Growth
+ + 0 + 0
Consumable Component (Disposable)
0 + + 0 0
Engineering cost
- - - - 0
Sum of +'s 2 3 2 3 0
Sum of 0's 0 2 2 1 6
Sum of -'s 2 1 2 2 0
Net Score 0 2 0 1 0
Rank 3 1 3 2 3
Recommended Market Areas
The biological market is the most promising for Gold Dot technology application
MEMS and the combined array sensor market also show high potential for Gold Dot devices
Proposed New Goal Statement
Develop a conceptual design and application for a product in the Biological market that uses Gold Dot technology
Proposed Time Line
Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10
Final Presentation
Develop Specifications
Apply Gold Dot technology
Generate Conceptual designs
Select optimal designs
Week 11
Summary
We have researched 21 possible products from 4 areas:
SensorsBiological/HealthcareChemical processingMEMS
We propose that the best market for Gold Dot penetration is in the Biological sensor market