Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems EWBS-and-ABU- Activities-bf... · Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems ... Dissemination of Tsunami Warning 24. ... EWBS signals embedded

Emergency Warning

Broadcasting Systems

Sharad SadhuDirector Technical Department

ABU

ITU-AIBD-ABU Regional Workshop

Strengthening Digital Broadcasting Experience

22-23 May, Hanoi

BEFORE

Teaching people to survive – capacity building through radio, TV programming

Storing RiBs, radios at strategic locations

AT THAT TIME

Early warning of natural disasters

POST DISASTER

Setting up mass communications soon after disaster

Helping connect nodal authorities with affected populations

Broadcasters Help in Saving Human Lives

ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur

What is EWBS ?

Remote activation of Radio and TV receivers ready for EWBS AM, FM Radio and TV : Control signal and Alert Sound Digital TV Broadcasting “ISDB-T” :

EWBS Control (Activation Flag) In Japan, EWBS has been operated since September 1985.

EWBS on ISDB-T has been operated since December 2003. EWBS test signals are monthly broadcast in Japan.

Broadcasting Station Transmitter Broadcasting Service Area

Automatic Activation

Meteorological Agency

14


Japan Meteorological

Agency

Residentsin coastal areas

at risk

TV

broadcasting

Police, Fire offices

Local Governmen

ts

etc.

Radio Stations

Dedicated telephone

line

Central Government

Loud

Speakers

Sirens

TV Screen

Dissemination of Tsunami Warning

24

All Rights Reserved, Copyright © ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur

Emergency Warning Broadcasting System Outline

Elements of Disaster Relief Broadcasting (Role of broadcaster a part) Disaster detection and prediction

( : e.g. By seismometers set up by broadcaster)

Warning for evacuation in advance of disaster Notification of correct information to the public

Providing of well-being information (e.g. By using data broadcasting)

The Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) uses broadcasting facilities to alert people and enable them to prepare

for emergencies.

Issue of EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)

Tsunami Warning

Estimated

tsunami heights

and arrival times

20


Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) in JAPAN

What is EWBS ?

It protects person’s Life and Properties 4


Media: EWBS over analog broadcasting

The signals can be sent from existing radio and TV facilities, without any special

modifications. The easiest option is to use CD players.

SwitchTrans-

mitterProgram

signal

Control

signal

generator

Program

signal

reception

Control

signal

reception

Control

Broadcasting station Receiver with

warning function

Radio

TV

Alarming sound,

followed by

announcement

It is important to offer EBWS reception at a

low price.

HF, AM, FM, TV

Implementation of digital handheld EWBS receiver with mobile phone is future work

11


Broadcasting

Station

Example of Delivery of Warning using EWBS

Delivery of the warning through loud speakers (Image)

Loud speakers

Solar panel Battery

EWBS Receiver

Effectively warn to people without

receivers in the field

12


Mechanism of EWBS for transmitting • EWBS signal sent by on air signal - start signal ; switches on receivers - end signal ; turns off receivers • Analog system for Radio &TV ; 640Hz & 1024Hz frequency • Digital system TV ; digital data as flag on ISDB-T

13


Analog EWBS Control signal

• A start sign and end sign are transmitted by an FSK 640Hz/1024Hz signal combined with

a warning sound

Emergency warning broadcasting program

Usual Program

Usual Program

Start sign End sign

time Hyperlink : DEM Radio Start/End (01m06s)

14

EWS_Radio1_01m06s ロックリッジサウンドのアナログEWSラジオ（黒色）自動起動　古川アナウンス.wmv


Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

NHK Broadcasting Stations

Transmitting tower

EWBS Signal

generator

EWBS controller

Switch

News Center

TV or radio program

Tsunami Warning

Facilities of EWBS in Studio

Tsunami Warning

Simple CD is enough

19


EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)

EWBS signals embedded in analogue TV and radio broadcasts will

automatically switch on or change channel to the one providing warning and information in TV and radio sets in the home and

handheld receivers,

and

issue an emergency bulletin, alerting people to an impeding disaster, e.g. a tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, or volcanic

eruption.

Transmitter Broadcasting Service Area

Automatic

Activation

21


206 points all over Japan

Earthquake

Flow of Emergency Information dissemination

Issue of EWBS

control signal

22


TWO EWBS signals on ISDB-T system

Data

Audio

Video

Service

Mul

tiple

xer

MPEG-2

TS-r

emul

tiple

xing

IFFT

OFDMSignal

1. Addition of Emergency Information Descriptor

Channel coding

Coding

Coding

Coding

Hierarchical parallel processing

・Error correction

・Mapping・Interleaving

OFDM FrameTMCC add.

TMCC :Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control

2. Addition of Activation signal for EWB

Source coding

ISDB-T Transmitter block diagram

(Service Information)

(Control Signal)

15


Position of the TMCC carriers in the One-seg band

SEG

#0

SEG

#1

SEG

#3

SEG

#5

SEG

#7

SEG

#9

SEG

#1

1

SEG

#1

2

SEG

#1

0

SEG

#8

SEG

#6

SEG

#4

SEG

#2

frequency

HDTV Services (BW:5.6 MHz)

frequency

#1

01

#1

31

#2

86

#3

49

One-seg Services(BW:429 kHz)

TM

CC

(DB

PS

K)

TM

CC

(DB

PS

K)

TM

CC

(DB

PS

K)

TM

CC

(DB

PS

K)

17


One-Seg service and EWBS

One-Seg service commenced on 1st April, 2006・One-Seg service is capable of transmitting EWBS

・Most of people carry cellular phones in Japan

Broadcast studio

Transmitter station

Automatic activation

In the field

People can get disaster information quickly anywhereif cellular phones equip with One-Seg receivers capable to receive EWB

Town

19


Concurrent mobile receiver activation using EWBS

20


Data broadcasting

Data broadcasting is an additional service.By clicking on d-button of a remote control unit,

you can access your requested information such as local weather forecast, 24H news and information linked to on-air program.

Weather forecast 24H news Information linked to on-air program

22


For preventing from disasters, some local broadcasting stations of NHK launched emergency information service by applying data gathering systems and/or online sensors operated by local governments and public sectors.

Water Guages on Major Rivers in Case of Heavy Rain

Informing Communities’ Nearest Shelters and Utilities / ‘Lifeline’ status

23


Time Line of Tsunami Forecast

Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information(hypocenter, M and seismic intensity distribution)

Tsunami Information(tsunami observations)

Tsunami Information (estimated heights

and arrival times of initial

wave)

Tsunami Information (estimated arrival times of

initial wave and high tide

times)

Tsunami Forecast(warning and advisory)

Seismic IntensityInformation（areas in which intensity 3 or

above observed ）

Earthquake Information(hypocenter, M and “No tsunami is generated” )

*This information is issued in case of the earthquake

does not generate a tsunami.

16


Classification

Broadcasting

zone

Broadcasting media (NHK’s

example)

1

Warning of

large-scale earthquake Nationwide

All 8 NHK channels

(TV & radio)

2 Tsunami warning Nationwide, or by prefecture

or region

All 8 NHK channels

(TV & radio)

3 Broadcasting request about natural disaster from local government

By prefecture or

region

General TV, Radio-1, FM

Conditions for operation of EWBS in Japan

7


Function of Broadcasting in Disaster Management

1. Gathering/receiving disaster information from administrative organizations

2. Filtering information by broadcasters 3. Delivering disaster information to the general

public 4. Broadcasting offers reliable information

There are no “spam” information in broadcasting 5. Always connected to everybody

There are no congestions like in communication 6. Always active : 24 hour operation 6


Experiences of EWBS Date Reason Remarks

Mar. 18, 1987 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Miyazaki-ken

Nov. 2, 1989 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Sanriku

Jul. 12, 1993 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido south-west offing earthquake

Oct. 4, 1994 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake

Dec. 28, 1994 Tsunami Alert Sanriku far offing earthquake

Oct.19, 1995 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Amami-Oshima

Feb. 17, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Irian Jaya Region, Indonesia

Oct.19, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Hyuga-nada

May 4, 1998 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake

Mar. 26, 2002 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake

Mar. 31, 2002 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near Taiwan

Sep. 26, 2003 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Kushiro, Hokkaido

Sep. 5, 2004 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Tokai-do

Nov. 15, 2006 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake

Jan. 13, 2007 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake

Feb. 27, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Okinawa-honto

Feb. 28, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Maule, Chile

10


EWBS Application

Not only Tsunami forecast

But also Earthquake forecast Hurricane forecast Flood warning Eruption warning Fire warning Other warning

26

EWS_Outline_01m02s 運用3条件放送局から起動信号送出テレビの自動起動.wmv


Tsunami Warning for the Chilean Earthquake Tsunami (27/2/2010)

Tsunami warning issued at 09:33JST, 28/2/2008

Major

Tsunami

Tsunami

Tsunami

Advisory

23


What’s EEW?

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issues an Earthquake Early Warning （EEW） for any quake anywhere in the country registering a JMA seismic intensity approaching 5 or greater.

Since October of 2007, NHK has been automatically broadcasting the JMA’s EEW on all its frequencies of radios and televisions.

Registering a seismic

intensity approaching

5 or greater

Meteorological

Agency

Broadcaster

Transmitter

program

6


Principle of EEW

7

Primarywave

Secondary wave

Hypocenter

Meteorological

Agency

Seismograph1. Sense a P-Wave.

2. Estimate the epicenter and scale of an earthquake. 3. An EEW is issued when the

seismic intensity approaching 5 or greater is estimated somewhere in Japan.

4. Broadcast the EEW as soon as possible.

Use of the difference of propagation speeds of

primary and secondary waves.

P-wave: about 7 km / s

S-wave: about 4 km / s


How NHK broadcasts EEW ?

On television, the place of an epicenter and the regions where strong tremors are forecasted are mapped and listed with a sound of the specialized chime.

On radio, the program is interrupted, and the places are promptly reported in a voice, following the specialized chime.

On Radio On Television

10


Problems of EEW Broadcast in Digital TV

Delay to display EEW due to the processing periods for compressing and decompressing video and audio data.

There has been no way to get warning to those who do not happen to be watching television like that in analog TV.



5 or greater

Meteorological

Agency

Broadcaster

Transmitter

program

13


New Technology added in Digital TV



5 or greater

Meteorological

Agency

Broadcaster

Transmitter

program

Media Explanation

Superimpose of Caption (Subtitle provided Asynchronously )

EEW information is transmitted as character codes using an asynchronous packetized elementary stream (PES) for superimposing a caption.

Event Message in Data Broadcasting

EEW alert, which is composed of figures and characters sent in advance using data carousels, is displayed with a trigger of an event message in data broadcasting.

Auxiliary Channel (AC) EEW information about the epicenter and the regions hit by an earthquake is transmitted on AC carriers in a central segment..

14


Regulation for Broadcasters

3


Act No.132 of May 2, 1950. Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 (Purpose) The purpose of this Act is to regulate broadcasting for the public

welfare, and to facilitate the sound development thereof, in accordance with the principles as stated below: (i) To secure the maximum availability and benefits of broadcasting for the citizens; (ii) To assure the freedom of expression through broadcasting by guaranteeing

impartiality and integrity in broadcasting and its autonomy; (iii) To make broadcasting contribute to the development of a healthy democracy by

clarifying the responsibilities of the entities engaged in broadcasting.

Article 6-2 (Broadcasting in the Event of Disaster) If a disaster caused by storm, heavy rain, flood, earthquake, large-

scale fire or other cause has occurred or is threatened to occur, a broadcaster conducting domestic broadcasting shall conduct such broadcasting that helps to prevent the occurrence of a disaster or to reduce the damages caused thereby.

Broadcast Act

4

The only Union to promote:

Peoples’ preparation for disaster risk

reduction

Teaching people how to survive potential

disasters

Implementing emergency warning systems

on broadcasting platforms

Setting up mass communications soon

after disaster

Promoting EWBS and Disaster Preparedness

2004 Tsunami Created worldwide awareness on relief

communications using radio transmissions

Distributed 25000 radio sets in Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka

Helped restore transmission facilities

2005 onwards Providing Radio-in-Box units for post-disaster

relief communication

2008 Sumatra Air-lifted RiB for remote area relief

communication

ABU’s Work on Disaster Risk Reduction

2010-11: Awareness and implementation

12 country Roadshow on EWBS

Dialogue with DRR Nodal Agencies on setting

up national and regional coordination

mechanisms

ABU GA Recommendation on using EWBS

Planning a major project in Indonesia and

China

There is a lot more to be done

ABU’s Work on Disaster Risk Reduction

THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Documents

Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems EWBS-and-ABU- Activities-bf... · Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems ... Dissemination of Tsunami Warning 24. ... EWBS signals embedded