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Emergency Vehicle OperationsUnit VIII
Avoiding Accidents
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Dave DennistonLoss Control Training Specialist
Avoiding Accidents
Unit VIII Objectives
The EVO will be able to identify and demonstrate the principles of defensive driving
The EVO will be able to describe and demonstrate the safe operation and driving skills of emergency operation
The EVO will list three defensive actions or accident avoidance techniques.
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Avoiding Accidents
Get started on a safe response takes work
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Leaving the Fire House
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Can Other Drivers See You?
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Can Other Drivers See You?
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Accident Avoidance Techniques
During Response Preplanning Routes Response Level Command & Control Enforcement of SOP’s
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Mental Awareness
Sense of Urgency Can create a false need for speed Speed affects the perception/reaction time of EVO
and performance of apparatus Speed can have adverse physiological affect on
crew Never exceed the speed that is reasonable and
proper for existing conditions
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Looking for Hazards allows
Time to plan an escape route out of the emergency
Always have a cushion When you see a hazard, think about what you
would do to avoid or minimize any accident Always be prepared to take action based on your
plan
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Looking for Hazards
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Dynamics of an Accident
VEHICLE COLLISION 1st Collision
Vehicle vs. Another Object
HUMAN COLLISION 2nd Collision
Occupant vs. Safety System(s) Unbelted Occupant vs. Vehicle Occupant vs. Unsecured Objects
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Right Side Drops Off Road
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Correcting a Problem
• Do Not Panic• Always Wear Your seatbelt• Maintain control of the steering wheel• Take your foot off the accelerator, but do not
brake• Allow the Vehicle to slow down on its own
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Correcting a Problem
• When the vehicle reaches a slow, safe speed, turn the wheel to the left and gently steer back onto the highway
• Do not jerk the wheel• Be careful to not overcorrect
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Correcting a Problem
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Correcting a Problem
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Basic Driving Skills Staying alert for variables
Avoid tunnel vision Always scan surroundings Identify an escape route Maintain a cushion
Emergency warning lights and warning devices Use when responding to an emergency Not all modes of audible devices are the same and have
different effects on motorists
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Specific driving skillsAttentionDepth perception & ability to maneuverReacting, braking, and stoppingControlling weight transferAdjust to adverse conditions
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Emergencies Steering to avoid a crash Where to steer
Leaving the road Avoid braking until 20 mph on loose surface Keep one set of wheels on the road Stay on the shoulder Find an escape route
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Tire Blow Out
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Skill is demonstrated during driving testsAttitude –Responsibility, interest, attention,
and professionalismAnticipation
Expect other drivers to act one of two ways Do what is expectedDo what is unexpected
EVO will always anticipate the unexpected
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Reaction by other drivers
Confused or panicky Unexpected behavior by
stopping or swerving into other lanes of traffic
Inattentive drivers Ignore or refuse to give the
right of way
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
INTERSECTIONS Use extreme caution when
traveling through Remove foot from
accelerator and place on brake as approaching
Reduce speed Full & complete stop against
a stop signal If visibility is blocked or
unclear always stop
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When traveling Left Of Center
What’s your speed?Where’s your first stop?
What do you see?What DON’T you see?
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When traveling Left Of Center
Stop at the rear bumper of the first vehicle in the left lane.
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MAKE EYE CONTACT WITH EVERY DRIVER!
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Notice of Approach: The driver has to SEE you to give you the Right Of Way.
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YOURYOUR vehicle speed is the ONLYONLY
difference between continuing through the intersection or being involved in a
collision.
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STOP
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STOP
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STOP
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STOP
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Maneuvering Reduce speed Complete stop behind
blocking traffic Approaching traffic yields
right of way Proceed when safe to do
so Return to normal lane
when safe to do so and as soon as possible.
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Mental Awareness False sense of power reckless driving Size of apparatus should
not influence your judgment
Responsibility to crew and public for safety
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IMPROPER BACKING
ALWAYS use a ground guide. Your groundguide should position himself/herself at the left
rear of the tanker. Keep the ground guide visible in your side mirror at all times. Back
slowly. The ground guide should use pronounced hand signals. Both hands should
be at shoulder/head height.
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Improper Backing
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Standard Apparatus Operation Communications
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When using hand signals, these signals are as follows:
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Stop
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Right or Left
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Diminishing Clearance
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Ahead or Back-Up
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
Case History
Emergency Vehicle Operations
Case HistoryMultiple department
responseIntersectionSeat BeltsTechnology
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Emergency Vehicle OperationsIntersectionTwo apparatus
approaching at the same time
Technology
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Emergency Vehicle Operations
?
What action may have prevented
the incident
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As the EVO what is your main objective when approaching the scene:
A. Scene size up.
B. Types of injuries reported.
C. Setting up a safety barrier for the crew.
D. All of the above.
Click here
Vehicle Placement:
20 feet before the accident scene.
wheels turned away from accident scene.
vehicle placed at a 45 degree angle.
rear warning lights illuminated.
Click here
Blocking the Scene
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When operating at an incident on a roadway, when should the EVO place their vehicle ahead of the scene?
A.When no other units are responding.
B.When you first arrive for scene size-up.
D. Never, always use your vehicle as a barrier.
C.When you are ready to load the patients into the ambulance.
Loading Patients
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When operating on an express highway or other dangerous roadway, you should?
A.
B.Always shut down the entire roadway.
C.Park your vehicles on the side of the road so you don’t obstruct traffic.
D.Illuminate all lighting on all vehicles so other vehicles will avoid you.
A.Always operate with additional units.Click here
Use Additional Vehicles to Block
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Avoiding Accidents
Unit VIII Objectives
The EVO will be able to identify and demonstrate the principles of defensive driving
The EVO will be able to describe and demonstrate the safe operation and driving skills of emergency operation
The EVO will list three defensive actions or accident avoidance techniques.
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Review Exercise is located on Page 102 of the student Training Manual.
