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8/2/2019 Emergency Response Book Print
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Well Control EmergencyResponse PlanU.S. Oil and Gas Land Operations
Provided by
Wild Well Control, Inc.
and Travelers
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
This emergency response plan is not intended
to replace sound judgment. It is to be used as
a guideline only in responding to a well control
emergency.
Well control emergencies require common sense
and proessional judgment on the part o all
personnel involved in the intervention. Wild Well
Control, Inc. and Travelers cannot and do notguarantee, warrant or represent the accuracy
o or accept any responsibility or the use o any
inormation contained herein.
No operation should be undertaken i it involves riskto personnel.
Modication to the emergency response plan and its
actions may be necessary depending on the
circumstances o the event.
Accurate inormation is essential to an eective
blowout intervention project. Recommendations are
included or the required inormation to be gathered
both rom the well site and rom oce records.
EARLY INTERVENTION IS CRITICAL!Call at the earliest detection o ANYincident regarding well control. The call
and phone consultation are ree.
Travelers
713.882.8841
Brian Krause, Vice President, Travelers Oil & Gas
Wild Well Control, Inc.
281.784.4700
Phones answered 24/7 by a Wild Well Control
employee who understands the importance
o your call.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Table O Contents
Shutting-In the Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Response Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Immediate Response Actions Field . . . . . . . . . . 12-13
Initial Evaluation and Inormation Gathering . . . . . . 14
Immediate Response Actions Oce . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Incident Command Structure Organization . . . . 16-17
Interim Action Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19
Evacuation o Area Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Voluntary Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Response Methodology o Wild Well Control . . 22-23
Typical Equipment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Typical Support Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Site Saety Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Hazard Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
H2S Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Communication/PR Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Relie Well Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Emergency Contact Inormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-32
Well Control Inormation Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-35
Emergency Response Plan
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Introduction
Procedures or handling emergencies are absolutely
essential to ensure the protection o lie, property and
the environment. Wild Well Control, Inc. has developed
this Emergency Response Plan (ERP) or the operator/
contractor to dene the procedures that are to be used
in the event o a well control emergency at the well site.
The equipment and procedures specied in this ERP
address various well control scenarios ranging romroutine well control operations to situations involving
a total loss o well control which necessitate the
immediate mobilization o intervention equipment and
personnel. This ERP is general in nature and is intended
or use within U.S. land operations.
This document is written with drilling operations as the
primary ocus. However, it also applies to workover and
production operations. This plan assumes that adequate
oil spill contingency plans are in place and will be
implemented in the event o a well control emergency.
The primary objective o the ERP is to establish a process
or responding to and saely managing well control
emergencies. This process includes:
1. Protecting the personnel at the site in the event o awell control emergency.
2. Dening the notication protocols at the onset o a
well emergency.
3. Preventing urther damage or injury while adequate
equipment and personnel are being mobilized.
4. Dening the critical inormation that is required inorder to determine the appropriate response level
and strategies.
5. Organizing personnel and providing guidelines or
their roles during the emergency response and the
subsequent management.6. Pre-selecting sources and developing mobilization
plans or personnel, equipment, materials and
services typically required or implementation o
well control procedures.
7. Notication o the appropriate regulatory agencies.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 1
Shutting-in The Well
It is very important to shut-in the well as soon as
possible when ow is suspected. The ollowing
procedures are standard industry practices or a
hard shut-in o the wellbore:
Well Shut-in Procedures While Drilling/On Bottom
1. Space out the drillstring and sound the alarm Position the Kelly or top drive so that no tool
joints are in the preventers
I possible, have uppermost tool joint at
connection height above rotary table/rig foor
2. Shut down the rotary/top drive and the pumps Stop rotating
Stop the mud pumps
3. Check or well fow. I well is fowing, continue with
next step (4.)
4. Shut-in the well
Close the designated BOP (blowout preventer)
Ensure the choke is closed
Open the choke line hydraulic opening valve
Veriy the well is shut-in and the fow hasstopped
Emergency Response Plan
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2 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Well Shut-in Procedures While Tripping
1. Sound the alarm
2. Stab the saety valve on drillstring
Make up ully opened saety valve to uppermost
tool joint
Close saety valve once properly made up
3. Space out the drillstring
Position the drillstring so that no tool joints arein the preventers
4. Check or fow. I the well is fowing, continue with
next step (5.)
5. Shut-in the well
Close the designated BOP
Close the choke and open the choke line HOV
(hydraulic operated valve)
Veriy the well is shut-in and the fow
has stopped
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 3
Response Levels
This section will aid in determining the requirements
needed or personnel and material or dierent well
situations. Wild Well Control, Inc. personnel should be
consulted in the initial mobilization, but the operator/
contractor personnel and the drilling consulting
company involved in the project should be amiliar
with the dierent response levels. Many well control
emergencies are preceded by a period in which, the
potential or sudden escalation is high, even thoughprimary well control is maintained. The actions taken in
this period oten make the dierence between a
well control problem and a well control emergency.
Well control situations involve an innite number o
variables that make precise classication dicult.Oten, seemingly insignicant event characteristics can
have a major eect on the resolution and potential or
escalation o a minor problem. This section attempts
to classiy various situations according to the amount
o risk involved, the procedures required to deal with
the situation and other experience-based aspects.
There is no attempt to classiy the situations according
to the probability and/or requency o occurrence.
The ollowing sections contain specic situations and
trigger points that are viewed as adding signicantcomplications and/or hazards. Each response level has
certain activities associated with it including notication
and/or mobilization o specialized personnel,
inormation to be obtained, equipment requirements
and considerations that should be analyzed.
The levels are intended or use solely as guidelines
and have been made applicable to onshore
environments. It is highly probable that situations
could develop that dey denition via one o the
response levels. These situations will require the useo judgment and experience in order to determine the
appropriate actions to be taken.
Operators/contractors are encouraged to contact well
control specialists any time there is a doubt about the
nature o any well control situation.
Emergency Response Plan
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4 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Level 1 Event Defned
Level 1 events involve situations that are either
common to routine operations or do not pose
signicant risk to personnel. In most instances, Level
1 events can be resolved using standard operating/
drilling procedures, commonly available equipment,
personnel and techniques.
Examples o Level 1 events include, but are not limited
to, the ollowing scenarios:
a) Well kicks (infuxes) o manageable volume and
intensity (usually < 1 ppg) that are not complicated
by mitigating circumstances.
b) Mild to moderate loss o circulation.
c) Loss o production tubing integrity resulting in
sustained pressure on production casing < 50% o
casing burst rating. Loss o tubing integrity includes
ailure o wellhead seals and downhole equipment.
d) Loss o production casing integrity resulting in
sustained pressure on intermediate casing < 25% o
casing burst rating. Loss o casing integrity includes
ailure o wellhead seals.
e) Minor surace leaks that can be isolated via remote
means or accessed and isolated manually without
signicant risk to personnel.
Level 1 Response
Level 1 events should be corrected through the use
o standard industry operating/drilling procedures.
Notication o Wild Well Control, Inc. will be made at
the discretion o the operator/contractor.
No specialized equipment or personnel should be
required unless the Level 1 event escalates.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 5
Level 1 Considerations
Weighting materials and mud chemicals should
be evaluated or kick circulation (consider using
drillers method i materials are low or i suspected
swabbed kick).
Monitor surace equipment during kick circulation
in order to quickly identiy any leaks.
Monitor pressure on outer casing string duringkick circulation in order to quickly identiy pressure
communication between the strings o pipe.
Be prepared to immediately close pipe ram i
annular begins to leak.
I productive zones are exposed, monitor well
closely or signs o fow during circulation losses.
Small surace leaks that can be isolated should
be isolated remotely i possible. Adequate saety
precautions should be in place beore approaching
even small surace leaks.
Closely monitor outer casing strings i sustained
casing pressure results rom tubing or down hole
equipment ailures.
Emergency Response Plan
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6 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Level 2 Event Defned
Level 2 events involve circumstances that are not
commonly encountered during routine drilling
operations and pose the potential or signicant risk
to personnel, equipment and/or the environment.
A Level 2 event may require specialized well control
personnel, equipment and/or techniques in order to
be saely resolved.
Examples o Level 2 events include, but are not limitedto, the ollowing scenarios:
a) Well kicks complicated by infux size or intensity
(under-balance), pipe o bottom, plugged tubing /
drillstring, washout, plugged choke, etc.
b) Severe loss o circulation.
c) Small surace leaks that cannot be easily or saely
isolated.
d) Loss o production tubing integrity resulting in
sustained pressure on production casing >50% o
casing burst rating. Loss o tubing integrity includes
ailure o wellhead seals and downhole equipment.
e) Loss o production casing integrity resulting insustained pressure on intermediate casing >25%
o casing burst rating. Loss o casing integrity
includes ailure o wellhead seals.
) Loss o protective casing integrity resulting in
sustained pressure on surace casing (any pressure).
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 7
Level 2 Response
Certain Level 2 events can be dealt with according
to established procedures; others require special
consideration be given to personnel saety while
implementing these procedures as well as specialized
techniques. The ERP should be activated and
the appropriate personnel should mobilize to
the company oce and well site. The operator/
contractor emergency response team should
remain in operation until the situation is resolved ordowngraded to a Level 1 event.
Operator/contractor should contact and advise Wild
Well Control, Inc. at the onset o a Level 2 event. The
operator/contractor should consult with the well
control specialists/engineers or advice on saehandling o the situation. Completed well control
inormation orms (Page 33-35) should be sent along
with any other pertinent and/or related inormation.
Arrangements or the mobilization o well control
specialists/engineers should be made or, at
minimum, two well control specialists/engineers.
These arrangements should be continually updated
to ensure the most expedient mobilization route until
the Level 2 event is resolved or downgraded to Level 1.
I mobilization o well control specialists/engineers
personnel is not deemed necessary, the operator/
contractors oce should maintain open and
requent communications with Wild Well Control,
Inc.s oce in Houston, Texas. Inormation related to
the situation, as well as results o technical analysis,
will be conveyed via telephone, ax, email and
electronic le transer as deemed appropriate.
Emergency Response Plan
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8 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Level 2 Considerations
Weighting materials and mud chemicals should
be evaluated or kick circulation (consider using
drillers method i material supplies are low or i
suspected swab kick).
Monitor surace equipment during kick circulation
in order to quickly identiy any leaks.
Monitor pressure on outer casing string duringkick circulation in order to quickly identiy pressure
communication.
Be prepared to immediately close pipe ram i
annular begins to leak.
I productive zones are exposed, monitor well
closely or signs o fow during circulation losses.
I the thrust created by the current or anticipated
surace pressure acting on the cross sectional areao the pipe approaches or exceeds an amount equal
to the buoyed weight o the pipe string, the pipe
should be secured at the surace. This may require
the use o conventional equipment such as drillpipe
clamps, chains and/or cables. The situation may
eventually require the use o slip rams and othermeasures. The well control specialists/engineers
should be consulted and mobilized i such a
situation develops.
Monitor mud/gas separator equipment or signs o
overload while circulating large gas infuxes.
Consider mobilizing additional liquid mud and
LCM (loss circulation material) i conventional lost
circulation techniques are ineective.
Consider the possibility o stripping/snubbing o
slick BHA (bottom hole assembly) versus perorating
or severing drill collars to accommodate high
concentration LCM placement and/or barite pills,
gunk pills, etc.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 9
Evaluate the possibility o casing ailure due to wear
as a cause o lost circulation. Note that this could
quickly become a Level 3 event i an infux is taken.
Consider using temperature log to determine
exact point(s) o losses (ambient temperature
fuid pumped rom the surace will enhance
identication).
Prepare to deal with gas migration while preparing
to strip pipe to bottom (water-based mud systems).
Annular BOP (blowout preventer) ailure can
be expected while stripping i closing pressure
is not reduced. Consult with BOP manuactureror recommended procedures and practices
or stripping.
Improper bleed-o during pipe stripping can lead to
underground blowouts or additional infuxes. Reviewprocedures careully beore attempting to strip
pipe to bottom. Allowances must be made or gas
migration and infux elongation due to pipe entry in
water-based systems.
I no pressure increase or a transient pressurefuctuation is observed while lowering pipe
(stripping), an underground fow may be in
progress. I this is conrmed, a Level 3 event
should be declared.
I surace pressures are too high or sae stripping
operations (including situations where the pipe is
light), an o-bottom kill should be considered
using volumetric and circulation techniques (i.e.,
volumetric control until infux is above bit then
constant bottom hole pressure circulation).
Emergency Response Plan
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10 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Level 3 Event Defned
Level 3 events present serious and immediate risks to
personnel, the environment and assets. These situations
require the immediate application o specialized
techniques and well-developed saety assessment and
hazard mitigation programs. Examples o Level 3 events
include, but are not limited to, the ollowing scenarios:
a) Surace blowout (drillpipe, BOP, production tree,
broach, etc. with or without re)
b) Underground blowout with insucient casing set
so that the well cannot be brought under control
by pumping heavy mud simultaneously down the
drillstring and annulus using rig pumps
c) Surace pressure beyond the pressure rating o
equipment (including tubulars)
d) Other situations that constitute a clear and present
danger to personnel, environment or equipment
that cannot be resolved via conventional means
Level 3 Response
Level 3 events will warrant the immediate activation
o the emergency response plan, mobilization o well
control specialists/engineers rom Wild Well Control,
Inc. and other specialist personnel and equipment.
operator/contractor should contact Wild Well Control,
Inc. immediately upon the determination o a Level 3
incident. Completed well control inormation orms
(Pages 33-35) should be sent along with any other
pertinent and/or related inormation.
The activities dened in the intervention action plan sec-
tion o this emergency response plan should be initiated
immediately. These include, but are not limited to:
Personnel should be accounted or and moved to asae upwind location.
Medical attention should be provided or any
injured personnel.
The well site should be secured.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 11
Further notications by The operator/contractors
incident command structure (ICS) team.
Notication to local/state/ederal authorities.
Inormation gathering and assessment o the
situation should be initiated.
Complete or partial rig evacuation is likely under
most Level 3 events. Re-manning o the rig should beattempted only under the direction o on-site well
control specialists/engineers. I the arrival o the well
control specialists/engineers is delayed, such action(s)
should be discussed in detail and agreed upon with the
well control specialists/engineers beore attempted by
operator/contractor personnel.
The rst task will be to determine the critical aspects
o the situation, perorm a hazard analysis and establish
sae working principles or the intervention (i.e., hot
zones, sae areas, access control and accounting,
emergency evacuation plans, etc.)
A minimum number o personnel will enter the
location. A well site command center will be designated
in a sae area and all operations will be directed rom
it. Restrictions will be placed on personnel movement
between command post and the rest o the location;personnel accounting procedures will be established to
monitor the personnel on location at all times.
Rig evacuation and shut down will render critical
equipment unusable. A plan will need to be developed
to identiy components that will be required orintervention purposes and to provide sucient power.
The equipment that may be needed during such an
event includes, but is not be limited to:
Drawworks Top driveMud pumps BOP hoists
Air / hydraulic winches Hydraulic chokes
BOP accumulator charge pumps Iron roughneck
Emergency Response Plan
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12 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Immediate Response Actions Field
While intervention activities will be dictated by
an event's severity and magnitude, the Immediate
Response will be consistent and uniorm or any event.
This action plan does not intend to replace sound logic
or engineering judgment it is a guideline only.
Well control emergencies require common sense and
proessional judgment on the part o all personnel
involved in the intervention. Wild Well Control, Inc.cannot and does not guarantee, warrant or represent
the accuracy o, or accept any responsibility or, the
use o any inormation contained herein.
Evacuate All Rig Personnel
Evacuate rig and move personnel to designated
sae area
Account or all personnel
DO NOT re-enter area until authorized
Secure Location
Secure the perimeter to prevent area population, news
media, etc. rom accessing the well site area. Seek
assistance rom the local police/sheri agency.
Shut Down Fired Equipment
All red (or non-intrinsically sae) equipment should be
shut down as per established rig contractor guidelines
and procedures.
NOTE! The above actions should only be undertaken
i they do not involve risk to the saety o personnel.
Establish Saety Zone
Based on various criteria, the area immediately aroundthe wellhead is designated the hot zone. Access to the
hot zone is strictly limited to well control personnel.
Based on wind and other conditions, the hot zone
may change throughout the course o the event. The
boundaries should be closely monitored and changes
made accordingly. The sae zone is located away rom
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 13
the well and has minimal impact rom the blowout. The
command center will be located within the sae zone.
The sae zone should have two means o ingress andegress. Between the hot zone and the sae zone is the
warm zone. Access to the warm zone will be monitored
and restricted to essential support personnel only.
Initiate Fire Watch
Identiy any engines that may have been let running.
Identiy any other possible ignition sources.
Implement Operators Emergency Response Plan
Notiy operators oce give status o the incident.
Notiy Wild Well Control, Inc. (281.784.4700).
Identiy Hazardous Materials on Site
Identiy the material and location on the well site o
any hazardous material. Present inormation to the well
control specialists upon their arrival at the well site.
Monitor Well Conditions
Appoint a rig crew member to observe the well rom
a sae location outside the hot zone and record all
changes in the fow at the wellhead. Recorded changesshould include changes in fow, noise, etc. The collected
inormation will be important to the well control
specialists/engineers in completing their investigation
and analysis o the situation.
Implement Pollution Abatement Measures
Working in the sae zone only, use heavy equipment to
establish the sae drainage and storage o well fow
away rom the wellhead area.
Prevent any well fow runo rom entering any publicditch, drainage, culvert or septic system, streams,
waterways, roadways, etc.
A fuid containment plan should be discussed with the
well control specialists/engineers and implemented as
quickly as possible.
Emergency Response Plan
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14 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Initial Evaluation andInormation Gathering
Certain inormation is crucial in developing an eective
intervention plan and immediate response. This duty
will all upon the operator/contractors personnel at the
rig. The ollowing inormation should be gathered and
documented so that it can be passed on to well control
specialists. Well control orms are shown on pages 33-
35 or the collection o this inormation.
Operation at the time o the incident
Last observed pressures
Present conguration o the well bore casing, drill
pipe, drill collars, packers, depths, geology, fuids,
etc. at the time o the incident
BOP equipment in use at the time o the incident
position o all rams, subsea BOP pod status, and
top drive saety valves, etc
Last known status o wellhead or BOP components
open, closed, locked, damaged, etc
Rig equipment shut-down level initiated, well
control actions implemented
Estimate o fow rates and fow characteristics
(gas and water)
Extent o damage sustained by the rig
Size and location o any boil at the surace
Other inormation as dictated by the situation
The inormation rom the initial evaluation will
be conveyed to Wild Well Control, Inc. or
planning purposes and should be included in the
permanent records.
In the initial stages, the inormation will be used todetermine the easibility o a quick resolution (i.e.,
pumping kill fuids, bridging agents, etc.) i it exists.
I possible, this should be done beore the situation
deteriorates, eliminating this type o intervention.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 15
Immediate ResponseActions Ofce
Upon notication rom the eld, the incident
commander (the person designated to manage well
control emergencies) shall review the inormation
and, i deemed necessary, enact the ERP which
activates the incident command structure (ICS).
A command center should be designated within
the operator/contractors oce, i possible, and thedesignated command sta and operations sta shall
meet to review the current situation and initiate the
various assigned tasks and duties.
The operator/contractors oce should immediately
contact Wild Well Control, Inc. to discuss the incident
and possible mobilization o well control personnel
and equipment.
Wild Well Control, Inc. (281.784.4700)
Discussion with well control specialists regarding
the initial mobilization o equipment and personnel
will be done at this time. A list o all equipment
and services ordered should be noted. Inormation
regarding the location, route details, trucking or
fying time and a ull maniest, etc. will need to begathered and properly documented.
Emergency Response Plan
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16 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Incident Command Structure(LCS) Organization
A well-developed organizational structure is crucial to
eective emergency response. The incident commandstructure (ICS) is generally adhered to in dening and
establishing a response organization. The ICS denes
an organizational ramework with designated positions,
stang o the positions, responsibilities, notication
protocols, and lines o authority. The ICS is activated
with implementation o the operator/contractors
emergency response plan. A typical ICS organization
or a well control emergency would look similar to
the ollowing:
ICS CommandIncident Commander Absolute authority and
responsible or all emergency response eorts and
reports to Management
Deputy Incident Commander Acts as liaison
between incident commander and the variousoperations and source control teams
Command Sta Reports directly to the incident
commander
Communications Ofcer Responsible or all
media/public relationsFinance Ofcer Provides accounting analysis o all
associated costs to Management
Regulatory Ofcer Acts as liaison with regulatory
and governmental agencies
Risk Management Ofcer Responsible or legaland insurance
Operations Sta Reports directly to the deputy
incident commander
Engineering Team Provides engineering support
or source control teamEnvironmental Team Responsible or implementing
pollution abatement measures as required
Logistics Team Provides operational and support
resources as requested by the source control team
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 17
Operations Team Responsible or executing action
plan with the source control team
Planning Team Responsible or developing action
plan with the source control team
Saety Team Responsible or saety o operations
and source control team. Responsible or the site
saety plan and enorcement o saety regulationsSource Control Team Reports to the operations
team leader
Well Control Ops Team Responsible or well
intervention activities at the well site
Well Recovery Team Responsible or planning andexecuting well recovery operations
Relie Well Team Responsible or planning and
executing the relie well operations
The ICS Organization is designed to be easily
expanded or minimized based on the size and severityo the event. In smaller organizations, a single person
may be responsible or more than one role within
the organization.
Emergency Response Plan
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18 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Interim Action Plans
The ollowing tasks can be assigned and implemented
while waiting on the well control specialists to arrive
at the well site. I there are any questions or concerns,contact Wild Well Control, Inc. beore initiating any task.
Do not attempt any task that will endanger personnel.
Monitor Well Conditions Maintain time log as to the wells condition
Secure Location rom Public
Set up a no-fy zone
Utilize local police and re to handle securityand trac
Organize Well Site Layout
Designate the on-site command center
Identiy and designate staging area or wellcontrol equipment
Establish communications
Identiy and Secure Sourcing o Water
Establish storage or water at the well site
Arrange transportation o water to well site; initiate
civil work away rom wellhead
Establish second point o access to the wellhead
Grade or pollution drainage and containment
Prep staging area and wellhead site
Initiate Saety Measures
Set up gas monitoring system
Identiy saety hazards on location
Initiate development o site saety plan (Wild Well
Control will provide assistance in nalizing)
Secure emergency medical services/medevac or
the well site
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 19
Other Considerations
Potential or event to escalate
Protect collateral assets
Evacuation o population
Voluntary ignition o uncontrolled fow. See page 21
or additional inormation on Voluntary Ignition.
Special Considerations or Suburban Settings
Air pollution
Gas plume concentration/dispersion
Smoke
Hydrogen sulde gas (H2
S)
Ground pollution
Contamination o local water supply
Contamination o ditches/public drain systems
Ignition
Explosions Heat radiation
Other wells
Collateral assets (buildings, homes, etc)
Broaching o surace
Utilities Power lines
Pipelines
Emergency Response Plan
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20 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Evacuation O Area Population
Collect critical inormation; make inormed decision as
to requirements or evacuation o population
Once the decision is made, react quickly Arrange transportation rom the area
Identiy and secure temporary housing or
evacuees
Set up accounts or meals, groceries,
medicines, etc. Designate company spokesperson to assist evacuees
Communicate directly to evacuees at regularly
scheduled times
Be prepared to assist evacuees with incurred
expenses Utilize local law enorcement and re personnel
or assistance
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 21
Voluntary Ignition
Voluntary ignition o a blowout should be
considered i:
Immediate threat to human lie (H2S gas cloud) High uncertainty o successul well intervention
at surace
Pollution rom well fow (oil) is unrestricted and/or
threatens environmentally sensitive areas
I the ollowing conditions exist, it may not be
necessary to ignite. It is essential that all acts be
careully evaluated and assessed. It is advisable to
solicit assistance rom the Wild Well Control, Inc. as to
what should be the course o action.
These additional considerations include:
Minimal threats (remote area, minimal
population involvement)
Uncertainty as to whether burning o fow can
be sustained
Ignition creates unacceptable threat to other
collateral assets
High certainty o successul surace intervention
Other options possible (diverting, isolation, etc.)
The decision to ignite or not to ignite requires quick
and thorough assessment o the ongoing acts at the
well site.
Due to the many variables and unknowns, assistance
rom Wild Well Control, Inc. must be sought in making
the nal decision.
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22 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Response Methodology oWild Well Control
Intervention activities will be dictated by the event's
severity and magnitude.
The activities required to regain control o the blowout
well will depend on specic circumstances and will
vary with each scenario. The course o action(s) will be
discussed and mutually agreed upon by the operator/
contractor and the well control specialists/engineers. Insummary, the major activities o a Level 3 blowout and
re usually include:
Assessment/Evaluation An initial assessment or
evaluation by the operator/contractor(s) and Wild WellControl, Inc. personnel will determine the course o
action, which will result in well control being regained
saely in a minimum amount o time. Equipment
requirements beyond those given in the initial response
will be identied.
Site Preparation Will involve various civil works
designed to prepare the location or equipment
placement, pollution containment and drainage.
Rig-up Firefghting Equipment To establish necessary
rewater cover will involve developing a method o
supplying and storing the necessary water volume
(rac tanks/trucks, nearby natural water supplies,
earth pits, etc.).
Debris Removal Will involve clearing o equipmentand damaged rig components that impede access to the
wellhead. It may require abrasive jet cutting or severing
o heavy structural pieces.
Capping Placement o suitable control device(s) on
wellhead. It may require removal o existing wellheadand installation o a new wellhead to capping.
Preparations or Kill Operations Will proceed along
with intervention and capping operations.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 23
Divert The well may be diverted ollowing capping
operations or additional diagnostics work or until killoperations are initiated.
Kill Operations Appropriate kill operations will
commence ollowing capping. Kill operations will be
based on downhole conguration, casing integrity, and
on other issues. Options include shut-in/bullhead,
dynamic kill pump operations, snubbing, etc.
Return Well to Normal Operations Will involve
repair to wellhead components, casing repair, etc.
Remediate Location Remove and properly dispose
o any pollution on location.
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24 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Typical Equipment Requirements
Heavy Equipment
The heavy equipment typically required during thecourse o a well control operation is usually urnished
through local suppliers which are already under
contract with the Operator. Typical heavy equipment
requirements may include:
Bulldozers, caterpillar D-8 with tail winches Cranes, 75 125 ton, hydraulic or lattice boom
Track hoe, caterpillar 235, 200 HP, 2 yard bucket
Forklit, caterpillar 966, 30,000 capacity
Air compressor, 185 CFM, 125 PSI, with 150 oot 300
PSI hose
Light towers, sel contained, diesel powered
15 20 Frac tanks, 300-500 bbl capacity each or on
site water storage
Specialized Firefghting/Well Control Equipment
Specialized reghting/well control equipment is
usually provided by Wild Well Control, Inc. In response
to a well control emergency, the ollowing equipment
would typically be mobilized rom Houston, Texas:
Athey wagon, with various accessories,conventional or hydraulic
Fire pumps, 2,500 4,500 gpm capacity
Fire monitors with portable shields
Hose container with various suction and
output hoses Fuel tank
Blowout tool container, with miscellaneous
support tools
Air compressor
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 25
Typical Support ServiceRequirements
These services are typically required during the course
o, or during some phase o, a well control operation.Support services are usually urnished through local
suppliers, which are already under contract with the
operator. These services should be put on standby
notice, but not mobilized until requested by Wild Well
Control, Inc. Typical support services may include:
High pressure pumping equipment
Drilling fuids specialist/supplier
Wellhead specialist/supplier
Vacuum tank truck services
Welding crews Roustabout crew, supervisor with ve-man crew
Personnel saety services
Medical/medevac services
Wireline logging services, ull diagnostic capabilities
Machine shop services
Once the initial assessment and planning is completed,
the well control specialists/engineers will be able to
provide the operator/contractor with a more detailed
list o the support equipment and services that will
be required.
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26 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Site Saety Plan
Prior to initiating any well control operation, a
comprehensive site saety plan should be developed
and implemented through the saety section o the ICS.The site saety plan should cover all saety management
aspects o the task at hand. It should be written so that
it is fexible enough or modications and updates to be
easily made and incorporated.
The site saety plan should be comprehensive and
include, at minimum, the ollowing elements:
Site description and identication o sites zones
Hot zone
Warm zone
Sae zone
Site hazards
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Toxic/gas hazards Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements
Site access
Check-in points
Communications
Saety channel designation on radios
Alarms
Emergency medical services
Environmental monitoring services required
Saety meeting schedule Saety drills
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 27
Hazard Assessment
Sae, successul well control operations require
risk identication, mitigation and management.
Thus, the primary unction o the well controlteam (intervention and well control operations unit
leaders) will be hazard identication via a thorough
assessment o the situation.
There are numerous potential hazards associated with
a serious well control situation. The well control team,
under the direction o the well control operations
unit leader, will assess the situation or the ollowing
hazards:
Combustible gas accumulation/dispersion
Accumulations o combustible/fammable fuids
Ignition hazards
Explosive materials
Radioactive materials
Over-pressured surace equipment/potential
catastrophic ailures
Flow lines anchoring, erosion
Leaking fanges
Stability/competency o the sediment surrounding
the rig Potential instability o rig equipment and tubulars
Hydrocarbon inventories and potential hazards
associated with production equipment
The results o the hazard analysis will be incorporatedinto the site saety plan. Additional personnel,
equipment, services and/or saety procedures/
measures required to deal with the identied hazards
will be specied and submitted to the eld operations
team leader.
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28 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
H2S Operations
When drilling in areas o known H2S, rig crews should:
Be trained in H2
S saety measures
Have the appropriate saety equipment
Use equipment with proper PSL (priority substance
listing) rating or H2S service
Any infux into the wellbore (kick) should be assumedto contain H2S. The size o the infux, amount o under
balance, ormation character, weather conditions,
etc should be considered when deciding to circulate
out or pump away the infux. I the decision is made
to circulate out the H2S kick, clear the rig foor and
restricted area o all unnecessary personnel and takethe ollowing additional precautions:
Rope o the rig substructure to include BOPs,
choke lines, choke maniold and mud return areas
and identiy as restricted area. No one shall enter
these areas without proper breathing apparatus,H2S monitor, and specic approval rom the
Toolpusher.
Continuously monitor the H2S concentration level in
the mud returns.
The drilling supervisor shall alert aected downwindacilities and population.
The drilling supervisor shall implement any other
precaution deemed necessary.
When circulating, all personnel involved in the well
control operation will mask-up at least 30 minutes
prior to bottoms up. The fow rom the choke
should be diverted through the gas buster and the
gas should be fared. The mud stream will return
to the active system where any remaining gas can
be removed by the degasser and the use o an
H2S scavenger.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 29
Communication/PR Plan
Media coverage should be addressed as quickly as
possible to prevent incorrect inormation and minimize
any negative impact to the operator/contractor.
The operator/contractors communication ocer, as
designated in the companys ERP, will be responsible
or all communication with the media.
No employee shall make comments, give interviews,
answer questions, etc. to people outside the company.
Any requests or inormation will be re-directed to
the communications ocer as designated in the
companys ERP.
Once the acts and inormation are known and
conrmed, the communications ocer should
designate a time and place to make a statement on
the companys behal and answer any questions.
It is important to keep the media inormed as the
inormation becomes available.
I there are casualties or the event was catastrophic, it
is advisable that the communications ocer seek legal
counsel and the assistance o a proessional public
relations rm.
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30 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Relie Well Considerations
Relie wells should be considered or the ollowing
scenarios:
Successul surace intervention unlikely
low probability o surace intervention being
successul
Surace intervention operations require undue
risks or well control personnel
Well fow broaching the surace
Signicant pollution or other environmental
damage imminent during long-term well
intervention operation
Multiple relie wells should be considered or the
ollowing scenarios:
High hydraulic requirements or kill requires
multiple wells
High probability o drilling problems in single relie
well eort
High degree o uncertainty regarding blowing
wells position
Relie wells are typically engineered, planned
and initiated with the assistance o the well
control engineers who understand the technicalrequirements or a successul well kill operation.
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 31
Emergency Contact Inormation
Emergency Response Plan
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32 Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010
Emergency Contact Inormation
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 33
Well Control Forms
Emergency Response Plan
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Well Control Forms
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Wild Well Control, Inc. 2010 35
Well Control Forms
Emergency Response Plan
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The Travelers Indemnity Companyand its property casualty ailiates
4650 Westway Park Blvd., Suite 110Houston, TX 77041
800.392.0607travelers.com/oilgas
The availability o the service reerenced in this noticeis subject to change without notice. This notice andthe providing o this service does not aect the terms,conditions or coverages o any insurance policy issued byTravelers and is not a representation that coverage does ordoes not exist or any claim or loss under any such policy.
In no event will Travelers or Wild Well Control, Inc. or anyo their subsidiaries and ailiates be liable in contract or intort to anyone who has access to this publication or theaccuracy or completeness o the inormation contained