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Emergency Lighting
Chris Holder
Thorlux Lighting
Fires by Building Type 2004
Private Garages, Sheds, 7700
Construction Industry Premises, 300
Other Industrial Premises, 2700
Retail distribution, 4900
Hotels, Boarding Houses, Hostels, 2400
Restaurants, Public Houses, Cafes, 2900
Hospitals, 2200
Recreational, cultural buildings, 2500
Other, 8600
Unspecified, 200
Education, 2000
Agricutural premises, 1200
Fire Statistics, United Kingdom by ODPM 2004
Total: >37,000 fires(excludes domestic)
Agenda
1.1. Legislation/Standards/GuidanceLegislation/Standards/Guidance
2.2. Design RequirementsDesign Requirements
3.3. Equipment – latest developmentsEquipment – latest developments
4.4. OwnershipOwnership
5.5. Automatic Testing Products and Automatic Testing Products and Systems Systems
6.6. SummarySummary
Bewildering/Confusing Array of References!
Just some!………………..Just some!……………….. BS 5266 pt 1: 2005BS 5266 pt 1: 2005 & pt 7(EN1838): 1999 & pt 7(EN1838): 1999 BS EN 12193: 1999BS EN 12193: 1999 BS 5499 1-5 >2000BS 5499 1-5 >2000 BS EN 60598-2-22: 1999BS EN 60598-2-22: 1999 BS EN 50172: 2004BS EN 50172: 2004 BS EN 62034:2006BS EN 62034:2006 RRO (Fire Safety) 2005RRO (Fire Safety) 2005 Building Regs. Approved Doc. B 2007Building Regs. Approved Doc. B 2007
Status HierarchyEN Standards
BS EN 60598 2-22BS EN 1838BS EN 50172BS EN 12193BS EN 62034
UK LAWBldg Regs 2007
H & S Signs 1997RRO (Fire Safety) 2005
BS Codes of PracticeBS 5266:1
BS 5499:1-5
Industry & Prof GuidesCIBSE LG12
ICELHSE, etc
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
Objectives:Objectives: To harmonise existing legislationTo harmonise existing legislation To create a regime based on risk To create a regime based on risk
assessment & fire prevention & assessment & fire prevention & mitigation measuresmitigation measures
Ensure that fire safety facilities and Ensure that fire safety facilities and equipment are maintainedequipment are maintained
Agenda
1.1. Legislation/Standards/GuidanceLegislation/Standards/Guidance
2.2. Design RequirementsDesign Requirements
3.3. Equipment – latest developmentsEquipment – latest developments
4.4. OwnershipOwnership
5.5. Automatic Testing Products and Automatic Testing Products and Systems Systems
6.6. SummarySummary
Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
EmergencyLighting
StandbyLighting
Low-mounted way guidance
system
High Risk Area
Open Area
EscapeRoute
EscapeLighting
Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
EmergencyLighting
StandbyLighting
Low-mounted way guidance
system
High Risk Area
Open Area
EscapeRoute
EscapeLighting
Standby Lighting BS EN 50172:2004
Applications requiring UPS (100% lighting)Applications requiring UPS (100% lighting)
Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
EmergencyLighting
StandbyLighting
Low-mounted way guidance
system
High Risk Area
Open Area
EscapeRoute
EscapeLighting
High Risk Areas BS5266 pt 7:1999
Safe Termination of Hazardous activity
Safe passage / rescue access
10% normal lighting – MIN 15 LUX
Uniformity > 0.1 min/av
Might need UPS/ small Central Battery system
Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
EmergencyLighting
StandbyLighting
Low-mounted way guidance
system
High Risk Area
Open Area
EscapeRoute
EscapeLighting
Open Areas (>60m2*) : Anti Panic BS5266 pt 7:1999
Or as determined by Risk Assessment
Building Regulations Approved Doc B 2007
Illumination Level: 0.5 lux minimum
Uniformity (Max:Min)= 40:1
Exclude 0.5m border
Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
EmergencyLighting
StandbyLighting
Low-mounted way guidance
system
High Risk Area
Open Area
EscapeRoute
EscapeLighting
Escape Routes BS5266 pt 7:1999
1 lux min along centreline
Uniformity (Max:Min)= 40:1
(EN1838 “A” deviation – 0.2 lux min if Permanently Unobstructed)
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
All Defined Escape
Routes
Changes To Route
Direction Within 2 metres
horizontal distance
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266 pt 7:1999
EXIT DOORS (Intended for use in emergency)
• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
External escape routes may need lighting
Consider muster points / roll calls
• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
STAIRS / ESCALATORS
FLOOR LEVEL CHANGES / MOVING WALKWAYS Each tread should receive direct light (Painting stair nosings in a light colour can assist
safety)
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
Toilets > 8m2 floor
Any windowless Toilets
Any facility for the disabled
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
• NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape route
• FIRE ALARM CALL POINTS • FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires
BS5266 pt 7:1999
• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
• NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape route
• FIRST AID
• SAFETY SIGNS & EQUIPMENT
Emergency SignsBS EN 50172:2004
• Required to ensure ESCAPE ROUTES are APPARENT from ANY LOCATION
• Series of signs may be req’d.
• MAINTAINED where occupants will be unfamiliar with building layout
Sign Formats & StatusNow ILLEGAL (since 1999)
UK PREFERENCE
BS5499-4:2000 (wht man – internally lit / green man externally lit.)
MOST COMMONLY AVAILABLE
SI341 HSE Signs Directive Format
NB All signs should be of the same format
HTM65 – NHS HOSPITALS
Externally or Internally Lit? BS5266 pt 7:1999
hh
EXTERNALLY LIT INTERNALLY LIT
100 X h ( 15m?)100 X h ( 15m?)
100 lux vertical 100 lux vertical illumination (mains) illumination (mains) and 5 lux (battery) and 5 lux (battery) (Minimum values)(Minimum values)
200 x h ( 30m?)200 x h ( 30m?)
> 2 cd/m> 2 cd/m22
Signage
Direction Arrows: BS5499-4:2000
Luminaire Photometric Data
BS5266-1:2005
Spacing Tables via Dialux
Direct light only BS5266-1:2005
zero reflection factors for all surfaces
Uniformity RequirementsEscape Routes & Open Areas
BS5266 pt 7:1999
Max : Min = 40 : 1 Escape Route 40 lux/1 lux Open Area = 20 lux/0.5 lux
Individual Luminaire Failure BS EN 50172
• Minimum 2 luminaires per compartment (where practical)
• Use more low powered luminaires rather than fewer higher powered
Avoiding Disability GlareBS5266 pt 7:1999
ConclusionsBS5266-1:2005
Client’s Fire Risk Assessment should be
consulted
Guidance needed on requirements over
minimum levels and locations
Points of emphasis need to be finalised!
Designer undertakes legal responsibility!
(Signed Declaration of Conformity req’d)
Agenda
1.1. Legislation/Standards/GuidanceLegislation/Standards/Guidance
2.2. Design RequirementsDesign Requirements
3.3. Equipment – latest developmentsEquipment – latest developments
4.4. OwnershipOwnership
5.5. Automatic Testing Products and Automatic Testing Products and Systems Systems
6.6. SummarySummary
Categories of OperationBS5266-1:2005BS5266-1:2005
X 1 **** 180Maintained 3 hour M/3
Non-maintained 3 hour NM/3
X 0 **** 180
Type Mode of Operation
Facilities Duration (Self-contained only)
X Self-contained
0 Non-maintained
A Inc. test device 10 10 min
Z Central System
1 Maintained B Inc. remote rest mode
60 1 hour
2 Combined non-maintained
C Inc. inhibiting mode
120 2 hour
3 Combined maintained
D High risk task luminaire
180 3 hour
4 Compound non-maintained
5 Compound maintained
6 Satellite
Categories of OperationBS5266-1:2005
Maintained or Non Maintained ?
BS5266-1:2005
Maintained Exit signs when building users will be unfamiliar with its layout.
Maintained within common circulation areas of shopping malls.
Maintained usually saves installation points (regular luminaires converted) Lamp Integrity needs close attention Temperature/Battery life issues
Luminaire SpecificationsBS EN 60598-2-22
CE Marked: declaring compliance with all relevant standards(Tech File includes EMC test
certification) Makes site conversions very dubious
LEDs
Light output now Light output now high enoughhigh enough
Long lifeLong life Low power Low power
consumptionconsumption
LED Exit Signs
100,000 hr life 100,000 hr life = over 11 years = over 11 years continuous continuous illuminationillumination
NiMh batteries NiMh batteries – 8 years rated – 8 years rated lifelife
Agenda
1.1. Legislation/Standards/GuidanceLegislation/Standards/Guidance
2.2. Design RequirementsDesign Requirements
3.3. Equipment – latest developmentsEquipment – latest developments
4.4. OwnershipOwnership
5.5. Automatic Testing Products and Automatic Testing Products and Systems Systems
6.6. SummarySummary
Good Housekeeping!
As part of a Safety Culture:
• Regular Inspections/Maintenance and Risk Assessment Reviews
• Escape Routes permanently unobstructed
• No locked/blocked exit doors
Servicing
Regular servicing is essential “Responsible Person” should appoint a “Competent Person”
with authority to ensure correct testing/maintenance/logging
Inspection & TestingBS EN 50172:2004
CommissioningCommissioningFull 3 hour duration (after 24 hours uninterrupted Full 3 hour duration (after 24 hours uninterrupted charge time)charge time)
MonthlyMonthlyShort test to ensure emergency lamp functionalityShort test to ensure emergency lamp functionality
Annual (NEW, was after 3 years)Annual (NEW, was after 3 years)Full rated battery duration testFull rated battery duration test
Agenda
1.1. Legislation/Standards/GuidanceLegislation/Standards/Guidance
2.2. Design RequirementsDesign Requirements
3.3. Equipment – latest developmentsEquipment – latest developments
4.4. OwnershipOwnership
5.5. Automatic Testing Products and Automatic Testing Products and Systems Systems
6.6. SummarySummary
Autotest Products & Systems
Product StandardProduct Standard
BS EN 62034:2006 – Standard for BS EN 62034:2006 – Standard for
Automatic Test SystemsAutomatic Test Systems
Basic Principles
Self-monitoringSelf-monitoring Timing CircuitTiming Circuit ChargingCharging LampLamp CommunicationsCommunications
Compliant test scheduleCompliant test schedule Test result status indicationTest result status indication Minimise risk by Minimise risk by
randomising/staggering testingrandomising/staggering testing
Solutions
Stand-alone Stand-alone LuminairesLuminaires
Network SystemsNetwork Systems
Stand-alone Luminaires & Exit Signs
Each device tests itselfEach device tests itself
Indication by status LEDIndication by status LED
Use of bi-colour LEDsUse of bi-colour LEDs
May use audible sounderMay use audible sounder
Test procedure – automatic but results need to Test procedure – automatic but results need to be recorded manually every 30 daysbe recorded manually every 30 days
Healthy
Flashing Red = Faulty
Stand-alone
AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to specifyEasy to specify Easy to installEasy to install Simplifies testing Simplifies testing
proceduresprocedures Reduces possibility Reduces possibility
of errorof error
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Increased cost – Increased cost –
typically £30 - £40typically £30 - £40 User has to User has to
remember to inspect remember to inspect on a regular basison a regular basis
Test results need to Test results need to be manually be manually recordedrecorded
Networked Monitoring Systems
Luminaires & Signs linked back to central monitoring & Luminaires & Signs linked back to central monitoring & reporting devicereporting device
Luminaire, zone & central status indicationLuminaire, zone & central status indication
Detailed test reportsDetailed test reports
NOT rely on central device to initiate emergency modeNOT rely on central device to initiate emergency mode
Latest Generation Technology Remote reporting Remote reporting
using web/emailusing web/email Pro-active – system Pro-active – system
lets you know when lets you know when there’s a faultthere’s a fault
Multiple BuildingsMultiple Buildings Fault identificationFault identification
Reduces time spent Reduces time spent diagnosing faultdiagnosing fault
Helps ensure Helps ensure maintenance engineer maintenance engineer arrives with correct arrives with correct partsparts
Records ArchiveRecords Archive
Networked Systems
AdvantagesAdvantages Constant self-Constant self-
monitoringmonitoring Central status indication Central status indication
speeds up inspection speeds up inspection processprocess
Test results are Test results are prepared/stored prepared/stored automaticallyautomatically
Pro-active – ideal for Pro-active – ideal for remote monitoringremote monitoring
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Increased capital cost Increased capital cost Installation of signal Installation of signal
cable & zone/central cable & zone/central controllers – not so controllers – not so easy to retrofiteasy to retrofit
Summary
Stand-aloneStand-alone Easier to specify & Easier to specify &
installinstall User must still User must still
inspect every monthinspect every month Manual record Manual record
keepingkeeping
Networked systemsNetworked systems Simplifies inspection – Simplifies inspection –
usually to one central usually to one central locationlocation
Significant reduction in Significant reduction in test/inspection coststest/inspection costs
Automatic record Automatic record generation & archiving generation & archiving
Pro-active remote Pro-active remote reportingreporting
Cost Comparison – Primary School Project
100 luminaires & 100 luminaires & exit signsexit signs
a)a) Standard Standard EmergencyEmergency
b)b) Stand-alone Stand-alone AutoTestAutoTest
c)c) Networked Auto-Networked Auto-Test (includes zone Test (includes zone & centralised & centralised equipment)equipment)
Capital Outlay
Option 1 – Option 1 – Standard Standard
Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 2 – Option 2 – AutoTest AutoTest
Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 3 – Option 3 – Networked Networked
SystemSystem
Cost of Cost of Equipment & Equipment & InstallationInstallation
£ 15,000£ 15,000 £ 19,000£ 19,000 £ 21,800£ 21,800
100%100% 127%127% 145%145%
Annual Testing CostsOption 1 – Option 1 –
Standard Standard Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 2 – Option 2 – AutoTest AutoTest
Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 3 – Option 3 – Networked Networked
SystemSystem
Annual Annual Testing Testing CostCost
£ 3,000£ 3,000 £ 1,500£ 1,500 £ 600£ 600
Total over Total over 10 years 10 years (3% infl. pa)(3% infl. pa)
£ 34,400£ 34,400 £ 17,200£ 17,200 £ 6,878£ 6,878
100%100% 50%50% 20%20%
10 yr. Life-Cycle Costs
Option 1 – Option 1 – Standard Standard
Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 2 – Option 2 – AutoTest AutoTest
Emergency Emergency LuminairesLuminaires
Option 3 – Option 3 – Networked Networked
SystemSystem
Equip. & Equip. & InstInst
£ 15,000£ 15,000 £19,000£19,000 £ 21,800£ 21,800
10 yr 10 yr TestingTesting
£ 34,400£ 34,400 £ 17,200£ 17,200 £ 6,800£ 6,800
10 Yr Life 10 Yr Life CostsCosts
£ 49,400£ 49,400 £ 36,200£ 36,200 £ 28,400£ 28,400
100%100% 73%73% 57%57%
Life-Cycle Costs Graph
£-
£10,000
£20,000
£30,000
£40,000
£50,000
£60,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
StandardEmergency -Manual Test
Autoteststand-alone- ManualInspection
NetworkedSystem
Summary
Modest increase in capital outlay = Modest increase in capital outlay = large saving in testing/inspecting/ large saving in testing/inspecting/ recording through life of buildingrecording through life of building
Greater peace of mind, compliance & Greater peace of mind, compliance & security security
Conclusions
Statutory requirement to provide Statutory requirement to provide effective emergency lightingeffective emergency lighting
Code of practice specifies requirementsCode of practice specifies requirements Client’s Fire Safety Risk Assessment Client’s Fire Safety Risk Assessment
should be consultedshould be consulted Technology can provide solutionsTechnology can provide solutions Life-cycle costs should be calculated, Life-cycle costs should be calculated,
not just capital expenditurenot just capital expenditure