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Emergence of Bus-Network Standards in Automotive Electronics

Thomas Komarek

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www.euromba.orgWhat automotive electronic bus-network designs will emerge as standards?

Introduction

• Automotive manufacturers adopt electronic systems in an increasing number of vehicles– Product differentiation– More stringent environmental regulations– Demand for enhanced performance and

convenience

• Bus-network technology solves the problem of complexity and heavy weight of point-to-point wiring for electronic systems

• Standardization: firms aspire to support the winning design but not have to give up their own

What forces drive a standardization process?

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Bus-network Technology• Line, star, or ring topology

• Twisted pair or single wire, fiber optics

• By-wire systems replace or enhance mechanical and hydraulic systems

Source: Du Pont Automotive

Electronic control unit

Standardizing interfaces, communication protocol, and physical layout

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Value of Standardization

• Standardization– High volumes, lower production costs

– Security in the market, high sales

• 2004 Emerging IC Markets study:– Electronics content of the new-car price

• 2002: 18 %

• 2010: 40 %

– Sales • 2001: $8.1 billion

• 2006: $11.5 billion

– Automotive electronics market segment size is approximately 1/10 of mobile communication market

Automotive: only very few standards can exist at a time

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Automotive Electronics Supply Chain

• Firms prefer sharing the same technology and agreeon common standards

• Firms aspire to support the winning design but not haveto give up their own

Electronic System Firms

ComponentSuppliers

Original Equipment

Manufacturers

Hardware and Software Suppliers

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Two Questions

• What forces drive a standardization process?

• What automotive electronic bus-network designs will emerge as standards?

OEMsElectronic

System Firms

ComponentSuppliers

Hardware and Software Suppliers

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Technology, Designs, and Standards

• Technology: application of scientific knowledge to our choice of things to make and how to make them

• Industrial design process: transfer of technology to a product

• Several firms create competing designs of the sametechnology

• A design can emerge as a technical standard

• Known Theories– Technology Cycles– Disruptive Innovations

Technology progresses in a series of cycles

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Era of Incremental

ChangeEra of Ferment

Era of Substitution

Time

Era of Design

Competition

DominantDesign

Technological Discontinuity

To Next Discontinuity

Technology Cycles (Anderson, Tushman)

Cycle of bus-network technology in automotive electronics began in the 1980s

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Disruptive Innovations (Christenson)

Time

Pro

du

ct P

erfo

rman

ce

Established

technology

Low-EndPerformance

High-End

Performance

New

technologyDisruptiveInnovation

Bus networks replace point-to-point electrical wiring and hydraulics and mechanics

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Theoretical-empirical Model

• Known theories of technology cycles and disruptive innovations

– Describe the phenomenon of design standardization

– Cannot predict which design candidate will emerge as a standard

• Firms support the winning design by

– Conducting appropriate business strategies in supply chain

• Alliances, competition

• Customer-vendor relations

– Participating in standardization organizations or other superior authorities

– Gaining market sharePredicting emerging standards by analysing reports and publications

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Two Questions

• What forces drive a standardization process?

• What automotive electronic bus-network designs will emerge as standards?

OEMsElectronic

System Firms

ComponentSuppliers

Hardware and Software Suppliers

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Categories of Automotive Bus NetworksController Area Network (CAN)

Bosch, CAN in Automation (CiA)

Local interconnect Network (LIN)

Audi, BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Volvo, Volkswagen, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Volcano Automotive (VCT), Motorola

Intelligent Transport System Data Bus (IDB-C)

PSA Peugeot Citroën, Delphi Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric, Molex, IDB-Forum

Intelligent Transport System Data Bus (IDB-1394)

PSA Peugeot Citroën, Delphi Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric, Molex, IDB-Forum

ByteFlight BMW, Motorola, Infineon, ELMOS

FlexRay BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Ford, GM, Volkswagen, Motorola, Philips Semiconductors, Texas Instruments, Bosch Automotive Group

Time Triggered CAN (TTCAN)

CAN in Automation (CiA)

Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)

Audi, PSA Peugeot, Renault, DaimlerChrysler, Delphi, NEC, Honeywell, Austriamicrosystems, TTTech

CANopen, DeviceNet, CANKingdom, SAE J1939

CAN in Automation (CiA)

AMI-C (MOST, IEEE 1394)Fiat Auto SpA, Ford, GM, Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Toyota Motor Corp.,

OSEK/VDXAdam Opel, BMW, DaimlerChrysler, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Volkswagen, Bosch, Siemens

Advanced Safety Systems

Higher Layer Protocols

Digital Data Bus (D2B) Jaguar, Mercedes Benz, PSA Peugeot Citroën, C&C Electronics

Entertainment and Driver Information Systems

Media oriented System Transport (MOST)

Audi, Aston Martin, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, BMW, Ford, GM, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, Jaguar, Land Rover, Nissan, Opel, Porsche,

Body Control and Under the Hood systems

SAE J1850-Class B Ford, GM, Chrysler, Philips, Oki

Category Design Supply Chain

designed for the rough environmentof motor control,

door locks, wipers, windows

high data rates for audio and video signals,

navigation data

high dependability for drive-by-wire systems, safety critical systems

real-time operating systems, interfaces and architectures at higher abstraction layers

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In-car Complementary Networks

Source: Xilinx

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Bus-network Technology Cycle

Era of Incremental

ChangeEra of Ferment

Era of Substitution

Time

Era of Design

Competition

DominantDesign

Technological Discontinuity

To Next Discontinuity

Body Control and Under the Hood

(CAN,LIN)

Entertainment and Driver Information

(MOST, IDB-1394)

Bus networks for advanced-safety systems will enter the market within the next decade

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Disruptive Innovation of Bus Networks

Pro

du

ct P

erfo

rman

ce

Point -to-point w

iring,

hydraulics, mechanics

Low-EndPerformance

High-End

Performance Bus network

DisruptiveInnovation

Wireless

DisruptiveInnovation

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Conclusion

• Known theories of technology cycles and disruptive innovations – Describe the phenomenon of design standardization– Cannot predict which design candidate will emerge as a standard

• Standardization process is controled by– Conducting business strategies– Standardization organizations or other superior authorities– Gaining market share

• Bus networks in automotive electronics– Today: replaces point-to-point electrical wiring,

hydraulics, and mechanics– Future: wireless systems can replace bus networks – Different designs may emerge as standards,

when they are suitable for different applications