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Embedding Workplace Readiness Skillsinto Programs of Study
Presented at the CTECS Community of Practice MeetingRichmond, VA
November 6, 2019
Kathryn Piper CrespinDemographics Research Group
Weldon Cooper Center for Public ServiceUniversity of Virginia
OVERVIEWOF WORKPLACE READINESS SKILLS IN VIRGINIA
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureVirginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills represent the first 22 competencies of every CTE course in the state.
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureCurriculum Development and Implementation
• Online• One hour, timed• 100 questions• Multiple choice• Four possible answers• 9th-grade reading level• Double randomized• Instant results• Pass score: 75%• Digital badge
• Accommodations available
• Easy to administer• Online learning modules,
guided- and self-study• Pre- and post-tests
available• Up to two retakes per
student per school year• Summer testing
EXAM FEATURES
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureWorkplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination
This stand-alone Workplace Readiness Skills certification and credential was implemented in 2011.
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureWorkplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination
13,122(63.3%)
22,127(63.6%)
28,349(71.4%)
33,665(71.8%)
30,775(67.7%)
42,313(76.6%)
50,620(84.3%) 44,892
(81.1%)7,620
12,671
11,356
13,24814,710
12,904
9,10610,459
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Num
ber o
f tes
ts a
ttem
pted
Annual WRS for the Commonwealth Assessment Pass Rate
Passed Did not pass
HISTORYOF WORKPLACE READINESS SKILLS IN VIRGINIA
1985
Changing Job Skills in Virginia
Virginia’s Changing
Workplace
Listening to Employers, Educating
Tomorrow’s Workforce
Timeline of Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills Research
1993-1997 2008-2011 2017-2019
Virginia Workplace Readiness
Skills:Framework for
the Future
COMPUTERIZATION21
34
SPECIALIZATION
WORKING IN TEAMS
CUSTOMER-CLIENT ORIENTATION
THE PACE OF CHANGE6
THE SPREAD OF TECHNOLOGY
5 REASONING AND GENERALIZATION
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
COMPUTER LITERACY
MATH
READING
WRITING
SPEAKING“BASIC” SKILLS
Changing Job Skills in VirginiaEmployer Interviews
THE COMPUTERIZED WORKPLACE
1WORKER EMPOWERMENT
RISING EDUCATIONAL EXPECTATIONS, PROFESSIONALIZATION, AND CREDENTIALISM
CUSTOMER SERVICE
THE FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE
EMPLOYEE WORK ETHIC
CONSTANT CHANGE / LIFELONG LEARNING
234567
1) Reading2) Math3) Writing4) Speaking & Listening5) Computer Literacy6) Reasoning, Problem-Solving, and Decision-Making7) Understanding of the “Big Picture”8) Strong Work Ethic9) Positive Attitude10) Independence & Initiative11) Self-Presentation12) Satisfactory Attendance13) Teamwork
Virginia’s Original 13 Workplace Readiness Skills
Virginia’s Changing WorkplaceEmployer Interviews
Comprehensive review of existing skill frameworks
and related research
Draft of new list of 21 Workplace
Readiness Skills for Virginia
Online survey of over 300 Virginia
employers and workforce
professionals
Listening to Employers, Educating Tomorrow’s WorkforceResearch Process
Listening to Employers, Educating Tomorrow’s WorkforceVirginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills
1985
Changing Job Skills in Virginia
Virginia’s Changing
Workplace
Listening to Employers, Educating
Tomorrow’s Workforce
Timeline of Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills Research
1993-1997 2008-2011 2017-2019
Virginia Workplace Readiness
Skills:Framework for
the Future
SEC. 2. PURPOSE.“The purpose of this Act is to develop more fully the academic knowledge and technical and employability skills of secondary education students and postsecondary education students who elect to enroll in career and technical education programs and programs of study.”
SEC. 122(d)(8)(A). STATE PLAN CONTENTS.“…a description of how funds received…will most effectively provide students with the skills needed to succeed in the workplace.”
SEC. 134(e)(2)(E). LOCAL APPLICATION FOR CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS. CONTINUED CONSULTATION.“Ensure programs of study…allow employer input, including input from industry or sector partnerships in the local area, where applicable, into the development and implementation of programs of study to ensure such programs of study align with skills required by local employment opportunities, including activities such as the identification of relevant standards, curriculum, industry-recognized credentials, and current technology and equipment.”
Why update the skills?(Answer 1: Perkins V tells us we should.)
SEC. 135(b)(5)(F). REQUIREMENTS FOR USES OF FUNDS.“Plan and carry out elements…that result in……industry-recognized certification examinations or other assessments leading toward a recognized postsecondary credential.”
SEC. 135(b)(5)(B). REQUIREMENTS FOR USES OF FUNDS.“Plan and carry out elements…that result in…
…sustainable relationships among education, business and industry, and other community stakeholders, including industry or sector partnerships in the local area, where applicable, that are designed to facilitate the process of continuously updating and aligning programs of study with skills that are in demand in the State, regional, or local economy…”
Why update the skills?(Answer 1: Perkins V tells us we should.)
SEC. 135(b)(5)(L). REQUIREMENTS FOR USES OF FUNDS.“Plan and carry out elements…that result in……supporting the integration of employability skills into career and technical education programs and programs of study, including through family and consumer science programs;
WORKPLACE SUCCESS
Why update the skills?(Answer 2: It’s necessary in order for students to be adequately prepared for today’s workplace.)
LATEST RESEARCHON WORKPLACE READINESS SKILLS IN VIRGINIA
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureWho was involved?
Workplace Readiness Skills Update Team:
• Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education
• University of Virginia’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
• CTE Resource Center
• CTECS (Career and Technical Education Consortium of States)
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureOverview of Update Process
SKILL UPDATES CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH:LITERATURE REVIEW
ASSESSMENT DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH:ONLINE SURVEY
RESEARCH:SKILL FRAMEWORK
COMPARISON
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureUpdate Process Timeline
Fall 2019
• Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education initiates WRS update process
• Cooper Center conducts research, surveys Virginia employers and workforce professionals, and releases full report
• Updated skill framework is finalized• CTE Resource Center prepares new skills for
incorporation into curriculum• CTECS develops new skill assessments
• New skill framework released to the public and incorporated into CTE curriculum.
2018-2019
2017
Fall 2016
RESEARCH PROCESS
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureResearch Process
Comprehensive review of more
than 70 reports, publications, and
websites
Cataloguing, indexing, and comparison of
over 25 skill frameworks
Online survey of nearly 400
Virginia employers and workforce professionals
AUTOMATION21
34
GLOBALIZATION
RAPID AND CONTINUOUS INNOVATION
ORGANIZATIONAL RESTRUCTURING
TIME- AND POWER-SHIFTING6
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
5
2 + 4
ABC
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureResearch and Literature Review – Workplace Trends
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSkill Framework Comparison
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey of Virginia’s Employers and Workforce Professionals
• Survey administered June 19-August 9, 2017• Web-based using Qualtrics• 6 questions• 10 minutes or less to complete• Both closed- and open-ended questions• 2,396 Virginia employers and workforce
professionals were invited to take the survey via email• 395 completed surveys
SURVEY FEATURES
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Questions
Which CTE career cluster best describes your company or organization? (required)CTE CAREER CLUSTER
How important is each workplace readiness skill for entry-level workers in your organization? (required)CURRENT SKILL IMPORTANCE
What workplace readiness skills are today's entry-level employees lacking the most? (list up to five)MOST LACKING SKILLS
In about five years from now, how important will each workplace readiness skill be for entry-level workers?FUTURE SKILL IMPORTANCE
What workplace readiness skills, if any, do you believe are missing from the current framework and should be added?MISSING SKILLS
What additional comments or thoughts do you have about workplace readiness skills?OPEN COMMENT
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Current Skill Importance
Extremely important Very important
· Critical Thinking and Problem Solving · Conflict Resolution
· Customer Service · Creativity and Innovation
· Health and Safety · Information Technology
· Information Literacy · Job-Specific Technologies
· Initiative and Self-Direction · Organizations, Systems, and Climates
· Integrity · Telecommunications
· Internet Use and Security
· Lifelong Learning Moderately important
· Positive Work Ethic · Job Acquisition and Advancement
· Reading and Writing · Mathematics
· Respect for Diversity
· Self-Representation
· Speaking and Listening
· Teamwork
· Time, Task, and Resource Management
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Current Skill Importance
Workplace Readiness Skills in Order of Current ImportanceSkill MetricIntegrity 4.73Positive Work Ethic 4.71Speaking and Listening 4.66Teamwork 4.57Customer Service 4.53Critical Thinking and Problem Solving 4.48Reading and Writing 4.44Respect for Diversity 4.40Time, Task, and Resource Management 4.39Initiative and Self-Direction 4.36Information Literacy 4.27Self-Representation 4.26Internet Use and Security 4.18Health and Safety 4.16Lifelong Learning 4.16Conflict Resolution 4.13Information Technology 4.12Job-Specific Technologies 4.07Organizations, Systems, and Climates 3.97Creativity and Innovation 3.93Telecommunications 3.84Mathematics 3.53Job Acquisition and Advancement 3.45
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Future Skill Importance
More important in the future About the same importance in the future
· Creativity and Innovation · Conflict Resolution
· Critical Thinking and Problem Solving · Health and Safety
· Customer Service · Integrity
· Information Literacy · Job Acquisition and Advancement
· Information Technology · Mathematics
· Initiative and Self-Direction · Organizations, Systems, and Climates
· Internet Use and Security · Reading and Writing
· Job-Specific Technologies · Self-Representation
· Lifelong Learning
· Positive Work Ethic
· Respect for Diversity
· Speaking and Listening
· Teamwork
· Telecommunications
· Time, Task, and Resource Management
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Future Skill Importance
Workplace Readiness Skills in Order of Future ImportanceSkill MetricCritical Thinking and Problem Solving 2.70Information Technology 2.69Initiative and Self-Direction 2.63Information Literacy 2.63Creativity and Innovation 2.60Respect for Diversity 2.59Internet Use and Security 2.59Teamwork 2.58Lifelong Learning 2.57Time, Task, and Resource Management 2.55Job-Specific Technologies 2.54Speaking and Listening 2.54Customer Service 2.53Positive Work Ethic 2.51Telecommunications 2.50Conflict Resolution 2.46Integrity 2.46Organizations, Systems, and Climates 2.46Reading and Writing 2.44Health and Safety 2.29Mathematics 2.24Job Acquisition and Advancement 2.20Self-Representation 2.19
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Skills Most Lacking
214185
175135
121111111
8383
6054
4843
413534
3124
2119
121010
7
Critical Thinking and Problem SolvingPositive Work Ethic
Initiative and Self-DirectionTime, Task, and Resource Management
Speaking and ListeningConflict Resolution
Customer ServiceReading and Writing
TeamworkSelf-Representation
IntegrityMathematics
Job-Specific TechnologiesCreativity and Innovation
Lifelong LearningRespect for DiversityInformation Literacy
Organizations, Systems, and ClimatesInternet Use and Security
Information TechnologyJob Acquisition and Advancement
Health and Safety Other
Telecommunications
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Missing Skills
•Initiative and Self-Direction•Communication Skills (in general)•Work Ethic•Cross-Cultural Competence / Global Outlook•Teamwork•Interpersonal / Social Skills (in general)•Writing•Accountability•Attendance / Punctuality•Realistic Expectations about Nature of Work•Related Work Experience•Problem Solving
•Reading•Professionalism•Drug-Free•Time Management•Accepts Constructive Criticism Well•Critical Thinking•Big Picture Thinking•Ethics•Job-Specific Skills•Responsibility•Respect•Speaking
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSurvey Results—Open Comments—Common Themes
More hands-on, real-life work experience
Better interpersonal skills
More initiative and self-direction
Greater emphasis on work ethic and responsibility
SKILL UPDATES
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSkill Updates
Revised skill domains
OLD
Personal Qualities and People Skills
Professional Knowledge and Skills
Technology Knowledge and Skills
NEW
Personal Qualities and Abilities
Interpersonal Skills
Professional Competencies
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSkill Updates
Added two new skills
Information Literacy(NEW)
Locates information efficiently, evaluates the credibility and relevance of sources and facts, and uses information effectively to accomplish work-related tasks
Initiative and Self-Direction(NEW)
Independently looks for ways to improve the workplace and accomplish tasks
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSkill Updates
Merged two skills, eliminating one
Telecommunications
Selects and uses appropriate devices, services, and applications
Information Technology
(OLD)
Uses computers, file management techniques, and software/programs effectively
Information Technology
(NEW)
Maintains a working knowledge of devices, resources, hardware, software, systems, services, applications, and IT conventions
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureSkill Updates
Shifted, merged, revised, and/or enhanced key concepts among the
following groups of skills
• Integrity / Positive Work Ethic / Self-Representation• Health and Safety / Job Acquisition and Advancement / Lifelong Learning
Revised/Refined titles and definitions
• Creativity and Resourcefulness• Customer Service • Diversity Awareness • Internet Use and Security
Kept titles, but refined definitions
• Job-Specific Technologies• Organizations, Systems, and Climates• Speaking and Listening• Time, Task, and Resource Management
• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving• Mathematics• Reading and Writing• Teamwork
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureAddressing “Missing” Skills
“Missing” Skill
Included in old
framework?
Included in new
framework?Initiative and Self-Direction Y YCommunication Skills (general) N NWork Ethic Y YDiversity/Cross-Cultural/Global Outlook Y YTeamwork Y YInterpersonal/Social Skills (general) N NWriting Y YAccountability N YAttendance/Punctuality Y YRealistic Expectations about Work N YRelated Work Experience N NProblem Solving Y YReading Y YProfessionalism Y YDrug-Free N NTime Management Y YAccepts Constructive Criticism Well N YCritical Thinking Y Y"Big Picture" Thinking Y YEthics Y YJob-Specific Y YResponsibility N YRespect N YSpeaking Y Y
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureNew Skill Framework
Personal Qualities and Abilities
1. CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION: Employs originality, inventiveness, and resourcefulness in the workplace
2. CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING: Uses sound reasoning to analyze problems, evaluate potential solutions, and implement effective courses of action
3. INITIATIVE AND SELF-DIRECTION: Independently looks for ways to improve the workplace and accomplish tasks
4. INTEGRITY: Complies with laws, procedures, and workplace policies; demonstrates honesty, fairness, and respect
5. WORK ETHIC: Consistently works to the best of one’s ability and is diligent, dependable, and accountable for one’s actions
Interpersonal Skills
6. CONFLICT RESOLUTION: Negotiates diplomatic solutions to interpersonal and workplace issues
7. CUSTOMER SERVICE: Anticipates and addresses the needs of customers and coworkers, providing thoughtful, courteous, and knowledgeable service
8. LISTENING AND SPEAKING: Listens attentively and asks questions to clarify meaning; articulates ideas clearly in a manner appropriate for the setting and audience
9. RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY: Values individual differences and works collaboratively with people of diverse backgrounds, viewpoints, and experiences
10. TEAMWORK: Shares responsibility for collaborative work and respects the thoughts, opinions, and contributions of other team members
Professional Competencies
11. “BIG PICTURE” THINKING: Understands one’s role in fulfilling the mission of the workplace and considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of one’s actions
12. CAREER AND LIFE MANAGEMENT: Plans, implements, and manages personal and professional development goals related to education, career, finances, and health
13. CONTINUOUS LEARNING AND ADAPTABILITY: Accepts constructive feedback and is open to new ideas and ways of doing things; continuously develops professional skills and knowledge to adjust to changing job requirements
14. EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY: Plans, prioritizes, and adapts work goals to manage time and resources effectively
15. INFORMATION LITERACY: Locates information efficiently, evaluates the credibility and relevance of sources and facts, and uses information effectively to accomplish work-related tasks
16. INFORMATION SECURITY: Understands basic internet and email safety and follows workplace protocols to maintain the security of information, computers, networks, and facilities
17. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Maintains a working knowledge of devices, resources, hardware, software, systems, services, applications, and IT conventions
18. JOB-SPECIFIC TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES:Knows how to select and safely use industry-specific technologies, tools, and machines to complete job tasks effectively
19. MATHEMATICS: Applies mathematical skills to complete tasks as necessary
20. PROFESSIONALISM: Meets organizational expectations regarding work schedule, behavior, appearance, and communication
21. READING AND WRITING: Reads and interprets workplace documents and writes effectively
22. WORKPLACE SAFETY: Maintains a safe work environment by adhering to safety guidelines and identifying risks to self and others
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureCurriculum Development and Implementation
• The CTE Resource Center hosted a two-day WRS curriculum development meeting in May 2018.
• At this meeting, panels of educators and industry representatives were consulted to help define curricular tasks and competencies for the newly updated Workplace Readiness Skills.
• Meeting participants also identified skill correlations with Standards of Learning.
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureAssessment Development
• CTECS hosted a two-day WRS assessment item development meeting in October 2018.
• At this meeting, panels of educators and industry representatives were involved in focus groups to develop WRS test items.
• Potential test questions were then later vetted by the CTECS assessment experts for inclusion in the Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureYouth Labor Force Participation
Data source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/lau/ex14tables.htm (*2018 data are preliminary)
Ages 16-19
Ages 20-24
Ages 25-64
Ages 65+
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*
Percent in Labor Force by Age Group, Virginia, 2001-2018
Ages 16-19-23%
Ages 20-24-2%
Ages 25-64-2%
Ages 65+49%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Percent Change in Labor Force Participation by Age Group, Virginia, 2001-2018
Data source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/lau/ex14tables.htm (*2018 data are preliminary)
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureYouth Labor Force Participation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Labor Force Participation and School Enrollment of Virginia Youth, Ages 16-24, 1960-2010
Percent in labor force Percent enrolled in school Percent in labor force while enrolled in school
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureYouth Labor Force Participation and School Enrollment
Data source: U.S. decennial census (1960-2000) and American Community Survey (2010) microdata, IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org
Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills: Framework for the FutureYouth Labor Force Participation and School Enrollment
Decreasing youth labor force participation coupled with increasing school enrollment means that school-based workplace readiness skills preparation—such as Virginia’s Workplace Readiness Skills program—will become an even more vital resource for CTE students in the future.
To view the 2017 Workplace Readiness Skills report, follow this link:http://www.doe.virginia.gov/instruction/career_technical/workplace_readiness/wrs-research-report.pdf
For more information, please contact:
Kathryn Piper CrespinResearch and Policy Analyst
Demographics Research [email protected]
434.982.5582University of Virginia
Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service