EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOUNDATIONS OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

PETER MARWEDEL

Embedded System Design

1. Introduction (1/7)

1.1 Application areas and examples Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are characterized by integrating

computation and physical processes. Diagrammatic layout for CPSs

1. Introduction (2/7)

Key areas Automotive electronic Avionics Railways Telecommunication Health sector Security Consumer electrics Fabrication equipment Smart buildings Logistics Robotics Military application

1. Introduction (3/7)

1.2 Common characteristics Cyber-physical systems must be dependable.

Dependability encompasses the following aspects of a system: Reliability Maintainability Availability Safety Security

Embedded system must be efficient. Energy Run-time efficiency Code size Weight Cost

Embedded systems are connected to the physical environment through sensors collecting information about that environment and actuators controlling that environment.

1. Introduction (4/7)

Many cyber-physical systems must meet real-time constraints. Typically, embedded systems are reactive systems. Many embedded systems are hybrid systems in the scene that they

include analog and digital parts. Most embedded systems do not use keyboards, mice and large com-

puter monitors for their user-interface. These systems are frequently dedicated towards a certain applica-

tion.

1. Introduction (5/7)

1.3 Challenges in Embedded System Design Many additional design goals must be taken into account.

Embedded systems really must be dependable. Due to efficiency targets, software designs cannot be done independently

of the underlying hardware. Embedded systems must meet many non-functional requirements such as

real-time constraints, energy/power efficiency and dependability require-ments.

The link to physics has additional implications. Real systems are profoundly concurrent. Real embedded systems are complex. Traditional sequential programming languages are not the best way to de-

scribe concurrent, timed systems.

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1.4 Design Flows Simplified design flow

Specification

HW-components

System software(ROTC, …)

design repository design

optimization

applicationmapping

test

Ap

plica

tion

kn

ow

led

ge evaluation & valida-

tion test

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Designing Embedded Systems