LITTEUS:. HybridomasRevisited:H. KoprowskianidC. Croce; Africanizpd Bees::O.R. Taylor ........ 248<

RIAL Electronics and Scientific Communicaton . . . . .

ARTICLRO ComRtr Health Care, iwd Medical Information Science: T. L. Lincoln and

~~~~~~~~~mA . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ......

.,. ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ind..-.-.......

Biomec Impneicroeletrds. D. Meind.Ultrasonic Diagnstic Instruments R. L. Popp andA. Macovski2 6Three-DImagin ofHeart, Lung, and Circulation: E. L. Ritma..tal. 273.Endoscopy: l)evelopments in Optical Instrumentation: Ml. Epstein28Intuwnajn iCinclChemistry: R. J. fin ...26.6..

SIRWSAMDCUMENY Leiltr Accept Fast-Faced Fusion ....

C.,res o Piray Voiow Alsabti . .....\.Pola Visito s.S..sho. .. .

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~~f)ecinig emand; D~isease Centr W&nFund v

Dmu$,Meking Topples Eminent Anthrojxlogist.

RUSACHNwS Thalassemias:- Modes of GeneticDiseases.0

z -

NMR Opens aNw Window itao the Body-. ......

AN;UAL METiNO Meen P mPar rgision, Hotel Reservation, a.d,.R; 0- sEndTravel ReservatiopnForiIl OpicalInstuxenats. : M.Epstin .. . . .. . ;21

BOOK REVIEWS The Languages ofNative America, reviewed by W. Bright; GeneticRecombination, J. R. S. Fincham; The Fossil Hunters, H. P. Banks;Monoclonal Antibodies, M. Gefter; Books Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

REPORTS Radioactive Waste: The Problem of Plutonium: H. Krugmann andF. von Hippel ....... .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . 319

Carbon Budget of the Southeastern U.S. Biota: Analysis of Historical Change inTrend from Source to Sink: H. R. Delcourt and W. F. Harris . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Episodic Ice-Free Arctic Ocean in Pliocene and Pleistocene Time: CalcareousNannofossil Evidence: T. R. Worsley and Y. Herman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Late Wisconsin Climate of Northern Florida and the Origin of Species-RichDeciduous Forest: W. A. Watts andM. Stuiver ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Direct Measurement of Microvascular Pressures in the Isolated Perfused Dog Lung:J. Bhattacharya and N. C. Staub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Genotoxicity of the Antihypertensive Drugs Hydralazine and Dihydralazine:G. M. Williams et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Genetic Mosaics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: A Tissue-Specific FluorescentMutant: S. S. Siddiqui andP. Babu . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 330

Polyamine Metabolism: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Trypanosomes:C. J.Bacchi etal .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Folic Acid: Crystal Structure and Implications for Enzyme Binding:D. Mastropaolo, A. Camerman, N. Camerman .334

JH Zero: New Naturally Occurring Insect Juvenile Hormone from DevelopingEmbryos of the Tobacco Hornworm: B. J. Bergot et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Swelling ofNerve Fibers Associated with Action Potentials: K. Iwasa,I. Tasaki, R. C. Gibbons ....... . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 338

Rapid Effect of Triiodothyronine on the Mitochondrial Pathway in Rat Liverin vivo: K. Sterling, M. A. Brenner, T. Sakurada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Lithium Reduces the Number of Acetylcholine Receptors in Skeletal Muscle:A. Pestronk and D. B. Drachman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

PRODUCTS AND Electronic Balance; Carbon Dioxide Incubator; Slide and PhotographMATERIALS Service; Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer; Portable Gas Analyzer;

Anaerobic Chamber; Centrifiugal Thin-Layer Chromatograph; AerosolExposure Chamber; Literature ... . .... .. . . . .. ...... ..... 344

COVER

Array of aligned and fused optical fi-bers conveys a halftone image of an ob-ject viewed through an endoscope. Thehexagonal shape of the fibers is due tothe fusion of the originally round, indi-vidual optical fibers. See page 280. [C.Kot, Northwestern University, Evans-

_______________________________________________________ ton, Illinois]

17 October 1980, Volume 210, Number 4467

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR EletTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE ectIScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- We ar

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad-vancement of science, including the presentation of mi- Electronnority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- enthusialishing only material on which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science- raised alincluding editorials, news and comment, and book re- effectiveviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by the tions atrAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af- tury sinfiliated.

Editorial Board by 19501980: RICHARD E. BALZHISER, WALLACE S. BROECK- ing abre

ER, CLEMENT L. MARKERT, FRANK W. PUTNAM, BRY- becameANT W. ROSSITER, VERA C. RUBIN, MAXINE F. SINGER,PAUL E. WAGGONER, F. KARL WILLENBROCK ciplines

1981: PETER BELL, BRYCE CRAWFORD, JR., E. PETER At thiGEIDUSCHEK, EMIL W. HAURY, SALLY GREGORYKOHLSTEDT, MANCUR OLSON, PETER H. RAVEN, WIL- science.LIAM P. SLICHTER, FREDERIC G. WORDEN and it h

PubiherWILLIAM D. CAREY ment wa

Editor this wayPHILIP H. ABELSON America

Editorial Staff One oManaging Editor Business Manager LibraryROBERT V. ORMES HANS NUSSBAUM in 196Assistant Managing Editor Production EditorJOHN E. RINGLE ELLEN E. MURPHY 3000 ioUNews Editor: BARBARA J. CULLITON is availaNews and Comment: WILLIAM J. BROAD, LUTHER J.

CARTER, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, ELIOT MARSHALL, R. came poJEFFREY SMITH, MARJORIE SUN, NICHOLAS WADE, at the raJOHN WALSHResearch News: RICHARD A. KERR, GINA BARI Ko- tries.

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EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massachu- great. Fsetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Area code202. General Editorial Office, 467-4350; Book Reviews, screen a467-4367; Guide to Scientific Instruments, 467-4480; net throNews and Comment, 467-4430; Reprints and Per-missions, 467-4483; Research News, 467-4321. Cable: throughAdvancesci, Washington. For "Instructions for Contrib- Withutors," write to the editorial office or see page xi, Sci-ence, 26 September 1980. tained alBUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: Area Code 202. data in jMembership and Subscriptions: 467-4417. ota

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SCIE:NCE:

ronics and Scientific Communicationre in the early phase of major change in scientific communication.nic storage and retrieval of information has become so efficient thatlsts are now talking of paperless communication. This possibility isLt a time when traditional scientific publishing has lost some of itsDness. For about 300 years, traditional forms ofjournal communica-nong scientists remained quite satisfactory. But in every half-cen-ce 1750 the number of scientific periodicals increased tenfold, andthere were about 100,000 journals and 300 abstract journals. Keep--ast of the literature and retrieving earlier published informationdifficult, especially in chemistry, medicine, and other large dis-To maintain scientific communication, changes were needed.

ispoint the electronics revolution began to influence many arem of.It provided an alternative to journals in the form of memory banks,as affected publication in other ways. An important early achieve-as computer-controlled composition. Today Science is composed in(, as are many other journals, including all of the 16 published by thetn Chemical Society.f the pioneers in computer-controlled composition was the Nationalof Medicine (NLM). It first produced Index Medicus by this meansThe NLM now indexes about 20,000 articles a month from about.rnals. Since the information in Index Medicus is in the computer, itble for machine searching. Beginning in 1971, on-line searching be-issible nationwide, and today, with time-sharing, searches are madeate of about 1 million a year. Users include individuals in 40 coun-

eed for computer-assisted retrieval of infornmation is particularly ur-chemistry. Already 5 million chemical substances are known, andiber is increasing at the rate of about 350,000 a year. Chemical Ab-:overs the literature of chemistry and its applications, including bio-ry, chemical engineering, chemical substances, organic and in-chemistry, and physical and analytical chemistry. In addition, pe-fields are partially covered, such as solid-state physics, metallurgy,culture. Source materials include some 6500 journals, patent specifi-reviews, and monographs. The data base CA SEARCH providestion about the contents of Chemical Abstracts.ther large data bases are SCISEARCH, the machine-readable formice Citation Index, and BIOSIS Previews, which provides access toal Abstracts. But the data bases cited are only a few of the manyblicly available or being created for science and technology. Thecost of equipment needed to access these data bases is not veryor about $3500 one can obtain a ternminal that includes a videond printer. This terminal can be connected to a telecommunications.ugh the telephone. The net, in turn, connects to the data basea vendor or in some cases directly.the use of new equipment and new techniques, data are being ob-t an unprecedented rate. It would be impractical to publish all of thejournals. This stage is rapidly being reached in the study of nucle-quences in DNA. The exact sequences of thousands of nucleotidesady known, and this year the sequences of about 1 million nucle-'ill be discovered. Such data, printed in dozens of different journals,teunwieldy to compare. Stored in a computer, they would be highlyle to manipulation and study.lthe present state of electronic technology and the inertia of crea-habit, major journals are not in immediate peril. Indeed, it could bethat computer-aided searching of abstracts has increased the valuepublications. But electronics is a dynamic enterprise that will surelyditional impacts on scientific publication later in this decade.

-.~.A )i-PHILIP H. ABELSON