emaHnIy Ÿmanailsa...Vr Ÿkˆ payin| jnipãytar idk ŸTek iBi‚r …† mans sÆdrI ßan ker ideyeC Aenk baGa baGa Hilˆh sÆdrIedrek| ŸZObenr Ÿkan na Ÿkan smy Ÿmanailsar Ÿpãem

emaHnIy ŸmanailsaemaHnIy ŸmanailsaemaHnIy ŸmanailsaemaHnIy Ÿmanailsa Pird VHemdPird VHemdPird VHemdPird VHemd

pâiTbIr tab‡ rmNIkšelr meDY Ÿmanailsar meta …eta pãcar, pãcarna …b„ Balbasa ŸbaDHy Vr Ÿkˆ payin| jnipãytar idk ŸTek iBi‚r …† mans suÆdrI ßan ker ideyeC Aenk baGa baGa Hilˆh suÆdrIedrek| ŸZObenr Ÿkan na Ÿkan smy Ÿmanailsar Ÿpãem peRin …mn pur›x Kƒuej pawya rIitmt ibrl| Ÿmanailsar ŸkOtukipãy ŸcaK Vr ŸfaeFr Ÿkaen J™el Taka …k Fukra rHsYmy Hais Aenek Zubekr† raetr Gum Haram ker ideyeC| St St bCr Der Ÿmanailsar Haisr rHsY ˆdGaFen bãtI HeyeC As„KY kib iSæpI …b„ saiHitYekra| ta se¹Ôw rHsYmyI Ÿmanailsar rHsYmy Hais rey ŸgeC rHesYr AÇ»rael| Zueg Zueg ibpul s„KYk gebxna, saiHtY, kabY Vr s˜It rict HeyeC Ÿmanailsaek iGer| Ÿpãimekra taedr ŸpãysIr meDY Kƒuej Ÿpet ŸceyeCn BUbnemaiHnI Aprœpa Ÿmanailsaek| Ÿpãimkar rsaela ŸfaeF Vibôar kret ŸceyeC Ÿmanailsar Apar rHsY rHsY, ŸcaeKr gBIer Ÿpet ŸceyeC Ÿmanailsar AnnY iJikimik ŸkOtuk| Ÿs kareN† ŸbaDHy sb Zueg† pur›exrara taedr ÷pÈcairnIedr tulna ker …eseC Ÿmanailsar saeT| Ÿmanailsa Hey êfeC ŸsOÆdàZ Vr rHsYmytar pãtIk iHsaeb|

icº 1: ilwnaeàda da iBi‚r Vƒka Ÿmanailsa

2

ik VeC paƒceSa bCr Veg †talIy Ÿrƒensar iSæpI ilwnaeàda da iBi‚r Vƒka Ÿmanailsar meDY ŸZ Zar kareN taek iney …eta ˆnMadna, …eta VgãH, …eta Balbasa, …eta pãcar? … rHesYrw smaDan Ÿkˆ idet paerin …Kn pàZÇ»| St St pi¸t, gebxk …b„ ŠitHaisekra pâiTbIr dUr dUraeÇ»r la†ebãrIet igey purena dillpeº ûmiR ŸKey peReCn Ÿmanailsar rHsY ˆÁar krar jnY| rHsY …b„ ŸgapnIytay V¬CÊ …† pãitkáitiF Vka HeyeC 77x53 ŸsiÆFimFar bâH‡ pplar pYaenel| …et Ÿkan ÷aQr iCl na …b„ Ÿkan tairKw Ÿdya Ÿn†| ilwnaeàdar AnY sb Cibr ŸQeº† ŸdKa ŸgeC ŸZ Ÿs§elar Ÿôc ba CibiF sÚpeàk ikCu bàNna ilwnaeàda tar ŸnaFbuek ileK ŸreKeCn| ikÇ¼ tÊ tÊ ker Kƒuejw tar Hajar Hajar pâòar ŸnaFbuek Ÿmanailsa sÚpeàk …kiF la†n ba Ÿkan Ÿôc pawya Zay in| ŠitHaisekra ŸmaFamuiF …kmt ŸZ, ilwnaeàda tar ŸSx byes Ÿmanailsa …ƒekeCn teb ifk kt sael Ÿmanailsa Vƒka Hy Ÿs ibxey mtiBÊta reyeC| Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ men kern ŸZ 1506 sael imlaen iPer Vsar Vg ŸPçaernes Vƒka HeyeC| Vbar AenYra dabI kern ŸZ CibiF Hyeta ŸPaçernes Vƒka ìr› HeyeC ikÇ¼ ŸSx HeyeC keyk bCr pr imlaen| ìDu Ÿkan smey Vƒka HeyeC ta† ny, ŠitHaisekra …Faw janarw Ÿcña kereCn ŸZ Ÿkn ilwnaeàda …† pãitkáitiF Vƒket Ÿgeln| Ÿkˆ ik taek …Fa ker idet beliCl? Zid ta† Hy, teb Ÿk Ÿs? ilwnaeàda tar AnY sb icºkàm† baynakarIedr idey ideyeCn, ikÇ¼ Ÿmanailsar ŸQeº† tar …kmaº bYitº¡m GeFeC| itin …Faek tar saeT† ŸreK ideyiCeln dIàGidn| Ÿkn …Fa baynakarIek kKena† Ÿdwya Hyin? …† smó» pãeSÈr Ÿkan sdu¹r …Kena pawya Zayin|

icº 2: ilwnaeàda da iBi‚

3

Videt …† CibiF …Knkar tulnay Vkáitet ŸbS KainkFa bR iCl| CibiFr du†paeSr du'eFa klam ba iplar ŸkeF ŸPla HeyeC| …karen† …Kn Cib ŸdeK sHej† ŸbaJa Zay na ŸZ Ÿmanailsa Vsel ŸFraes bes iCl| V„iSkBaeb Qitgãóù Hwya …b„ Ÿmanailsar ikCu ikCu A„S prbàtIet r„ krar kareN bàtmaen CibiFr Aenk Vnusi˜k ibxy† dâSYman ny| ta se¹Ôw CibiFr mUl obiSñsmUH ifk† AQ™Ê reyeC| Ÿmanailsa Ÿs† smeyr jnY iCl AnnYsaDarN | Zara Ÿmanailsa ŸdeKeCn taedr kaeC men Heb ŸZn Ÿkan pãitkáit ny, puerapuir jIbÇ» …† miHla| ŸfaeFr Ÿkaen rHsYmy …k iclet Hais iney taikey VeC dàSekr idek| QeN QeN Vbar …† Haisr rœpw bdel Zay| kKena …† Haisek men Hy inýpap, br pibº Vbar kKena ba men Hy ibÅ›p kreC VeSpaeSr sba†ek| Vbar kKena ba men Hy Ÿkan Hais† Ÿn† tar ŸfaeF| jIbÇ» kaêk ŸZ puer raKa HeyeC kYanBaes| …Q™in Hyeta Ÿbr Hey Vseb kYanBas ŸCeR| Vr dSFa jIbÇ» manuexr mt† men Hy ŸZn tar inj÷ icÇ»a-Babna reyeC| Ÿs ik icÇ»a kreC ba tar AnuBUit ik ta bla mHa duWsaeDYr kaj| Ÿs ik VniÆdt naik ibxadgãóù, DUàt naik sHj srl, SaÇ» smaiHt| naik pairpaiàSÿk sb ikCu ŸTek ˆdasIn Ÿkan narI? Zara† Ÿmanailsar Cib ŸdeKeCn tara Ÿkˆ† …kmt Het paernin| pãetYek† iBÊ iBÊ Baeb Ÿmanailsar Ÿmjaj miàjek bYaKYa kereCn| P™maeFa (P™maeFa (P™maeFa (P™maeFa (Sfumato) ŸkOSl ŸkOSl ŸkOSl ŸkOSl iBi‚ tar …† ŸpaeàFäeF ŸZ ŸkOSel …† rHsYmyta …eneCn taek bla Hy P™maeFa ŸkOSl ba pÁit| …† †Failyan S×iFr maen He¬C ŸDƒayaSa ba Japsa| tar smeyr AnYanY iSæpIra ŸZKaen suýpñ biHàerKa bYbHar kretn ŸsKaen iBi‚ …† ŸQeº tar ibpirtFa keriCeln| Ÿmanailsar ŸdeHr pãaÇ»sImasmUH, tar samigãk muKm¸l, HatÃy …b„ kapeRr reyeC Halka pãaÇ»sIma| …† pãaÇ»sImasmUH iGer Taka Vela ba Cayar meDY DIer DIer iblIn Hey ŸgeC| Vela …b„ Cayar meDY AdâSY ˆ¹rn, kKena kKena ibiBÊ r„ …r Ÿkan dâSYman icH¡ CaRa† …ekr saeT AenYr imeS Zawyar mDY idey itin sbikCuek† ŸDayar mt imiSey ideyeCn itin Ÿkan pãaÇ»sIma CaRa†| ŸZ Ÿkan pãitkáitr AiBbYi¹¡ mUlt inàBr ker duiF ibxeyr ˆpr, mueKr …b„ ŸcaeKr pãaÇ»| ikÇ¼ Ÿmanailsay ilwnaeàda sectnBaeb† …† dU'iF jaygaek† Halka Cayar saeT AÇ»lIn Hwyar sueZag ker idey Aýpñ ker ŸreKeCn| …karen Vmra kKena† iniëct na ŸZ Ÿmanailsa Ÿkan Ÿmjaej Vmaedr idek taikey VeC| tar AiBbYi¹¡ sbsmy† dàSkek ibÙaiÇ»r meDY ŸreK Ÿdy| teb ìDumaº Aýpñta† …† …eP¢ otir kerin| …r ipCen Vera Aenk ikCu† VeC| ilwnaeàda AtYÇ» duWsaHsI …kFa kaj keriCeln Za ìDumaº tar mt AsÝb pãitBabanra† kret paer| Ÿmanailsaek Kub Bal ker ŸKyal krel

4

ŸdKa Zaeb ŸZ …r du† paS puerapuir Ÿmel na| …Fa sbecey ŸbiS dâSYman pFBUimkar ÷ipÈl pãakáitk dâeSY| bam idekr idgÇ» ŸrKa hanidekr idgÇ» ŸrKar tulnay Aenk inec| Pel, Vmra ZKn CibiFr ba idek dâiñ inbÁ kir tKn Ÿmanailsaek men Hy ŸbS ikCuFa lÜa| … CaRa ŸKyal krel ŸdKa Zaeb ŸZ Ÿmanailsar …k ŸcaK Verk ŸcaeKr tulnay samanY ˆcuet Abióùt| …† pirbàtenr Pel …b„ tar tar mueKr du†paS na Ÿmlar kareN tar muK¬Cibw paleF Zay ibiBÊ ŸkOink Abóùan ŸTek ŸdKar smy| Vela …b„ Cayar sectn bYbHar CaRaw Ÿmanailsar Abóùan ineyw ilwnaeàda ŸbS ZtþSIl iCeln| Ÿmanailsar SrIr samanY kat Hey VeC| Hat dUeFa HalkaBaeb baûr ˆper ŸreK sHj ÷aBaibk Bi˜et bes VeC Ÿs| S¹¡ ba kifn Hey Ÿpaj Ÿdwyar Ÿcey sHj ÷aBaibk B„iget itin ŸceyiCeln Ÿmanailsaek Vƒket| ŸmrI Ÿraj Ÿöair (Mary Rose Storey) Ÿmanailsar …† B„igma iney ileKeCn,

"ilwnaeàdar smey Ÿmanailsar …† B„igma ntun Vibôar iHsaeb† ibebcna kra Ht …b„ bYapkBaeb Anusât Ht| …Fa iCl icrayt B„igma contrapposto-r pirmaiàjt s„ôrn| contrapposto S×iF †Failyan| …r maen He¬C …mn …kiF B„igma ŸZKaen SrIerr …k A„S AnY A„eSr ibprIt idek bƒakaena Taek|'1

ilwnaeàda Ÿmanailsa pãitkáitiF Vƒka ìr› kern 1503 sael| prbàtI car bCr itin …r ˆpr bar bar kaj kern| 1907 sael ilwnaeàda ZKn ŸPçaerÆs CaeRn tKn itin CibiF tar saeT ker iney Zan| Aenekr† DarNa ŸZ ŸZeHtu CibiF sÚpUàN Hyin ta† ilwnaeàda …iFek tar saeT ker iney igeyiCeln| kaera kaera met AbSY ŸZ, ilwnaeàda CibiFek …eta Balbasetn ŸZ itin …r s˜ CaRet paernin| 1516 sael CibiF saeT iney† ilwnaeàda ÒaeÆs Vesn| raja ÒaiÆss I tar …Yamebaeyesr dUeàgr jnY CibiF iken Ÿnn| prbàtIet PaêÆF†nŸbåa, pYairs, Baeàs† Guer AbeSex Ÿmanailsa …es peR luhˆ†g XIV …r s„gãHSalay| PrasI ibpåebr pr luYBr imîjyaem …r ntun Vbas geR êf| Ÿmanailsar Ÿpãem m¹ Ÿnepailyan ŸsKan ŸTek …ek iney Zan tar ŸSabar Ger| Ÿnepailyaenr ptenr pr Ÿmanailsa Vbar iPer Zay tar purena ifkana luYBer| Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ men kern ŸZ Ÿmanailsa Ÿkan …kk miHlar pãitkáit ny, br„ Aenk miHlar suctur smnÓy, smgã narI jaitr pãtIk| AnYedr met …Fa häaegr pãBabZu¹¡ iBi‚r Ÿkan pur›x mehelr Cib| Vbar Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ ibSÿas kern ŸZ, Ÿmanailsa Ÿkan pãitkáit† ny, br„ iBi‚r AsaDarN kæpnar rœpmaº| Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ Vbar …ek iBi‚r maeyr pãitkáit belw ray ideyeCn|

5

ilwnaeàda bº¡tel Velar kar›kaj iney Ait ˆ‡saHI iCeln| ŸrSmI V¬Cadn, Ÿmanailsar cul, tar tÔekr ˆ°Ôlta, sbikCu otir HeyeC ÷¬C r„ …r Ait patla Vó»rn idey| …r Pel men Hy Ÿmanailsar mueK P™eF êfeC ˆ°Ôl VBa, CibiF pirnt HeyeC ZadukrI §NsÚpÊ Ait ˆ¬cmaàgIy iSæpkeàm| k™ijn (Cuzin) … sÚpeàk beln ŸZ,

"Vjekr iSæp smyaelaekra CibiFr rHsYmyta …b„ susmnÓytar ˆpr ŸbiS njr Ÿdn| ikÇ¼ pãTmidkkar iSæp ŠitHaisekra …r AsaDarN baó»btar pãit ŸbiS Ÿjar ideyeCn, ibeSxBaeb êLK kereCn HasYmy ADr …b„ ˆ°Ôl ŸcaeKr kTa|'2

igwiàgw Basair (Giorgio Vasari) tar da iBi‚r jIbingãÇù "Lives of the Painters' … ileKeCn,

"Ÿmanailsaek men Hy na ŸZ Vƒka HeyeC| br„ r¹¡ma„esr pãkát manbI† men Hy taek| Kub kaCakaiC ŸTek Ÿkˆ Zid tar kËar idek taikey Taek teb Ÿs HlP ker† blet pareb ŸZ Ÿmanailsa Sÿas pãSÿas ine¬C|'3

ilwnaeàdar Cibr …† baó»bta …eseC tar ibiBÊ ibxey bYapk ob¯aink pàZebQn ŸTek| manb …naeFamIr ˆpr prIQa-nIirQa ŸTek itin Vkáitr gainitk iseöm …b„ parsepi¢B Vibôar keriCeln| …† parsepki¢B† itin bYbHar keriCeln Ÿmanailsar ŸQeº| Ÿmanailsar SrIerr tulnay maTa …b„ ŸcaK ikCuFa ŸbiS ŸGaraena iCl dàSekr idek| iBi‚ sabej¢ …b„ pFBUimkar Abej¢ …r paàTkYw pàZebQn keriCeln …b„ Ÿmanailsar pFBUimkay gBIrtar ibÙm otir krar jnY …iryal parsepi¢B bYbHar keriCeln| Ÿkan bó¼ duretÔr idk ŸTek Zt dUer Takeb tar Ÿôl tt ŸCaF Heb, r„ Zt Anu°Ôl Heb biHàsIma tt Aýpñ Heb|… ibxey k™ijn beln,

"ilwnaeàda, VkaS, maiF, bayum¸l …b„ Vela iney prIQa inrIQa kereCn| kaej† tar …epãac iCl ob¯ainekr mt ikÇ¼ itin AsaDarN oSiæpk …b„ sucar›r›ep …ek pirnit ideyiCeln tar icºkeàm| …k† icºkeàm Vmra Ÿkaml A‚l ŸZmn ŸmG ŸTek cel ŸZet pair crm jiFltay …b„ cm‡kar iheF†les| ˆdaHrn÷r›p, Ÿmanailsar ŸpaSaekr glar kaeC sUQM prýpr ibjiRt …mbãyhair reyeC| …§elar ibiBÊ …lakar obsadâSY …mn …k Drenr pãa²lta otir kereC Za icºkeàm ibrl| sbikCu imel Ÿmanailsa …t† ÷aBaibk …b„ …t† pirict ŸZ, Vmra Buel† Zay ŸZ …Fa xñdS Sta×Ir ìr›et …† icºkàmiF ik AsaDarN Vibïar iCl|'4

6

Basair tar gãeÇù bàNna kereCn ŸZ, ilwnaeàdar smey† dUr dUraÇ» ŸTek iSæpIra tar ö™ihwet iBR jmaeta Ÿmanailsaek pàZebQn krar jnY| tr›n iSæpI raPaeyl ilwnaeàdar sâiñkàm idey …mn† V¬CÊ iCl ŸZ Ÿs inejw Ÿmanailsar Vdel ŸbS ikCu pãitkáit …ek ŸPeliCl| …edr meDY Vbar keykiFr Ÿmanailsar saeT dar›nBaeb sadâSYw iCl| teb blet† Hy Ÿs§elaet da iBi‚r mañaripesr naFkIyta Anupióùt iCl| rHsYmy HaisrHsYmy HaisrHsYmy HaisrHsYmy Hais paƒc Sta×I Der Ÿlakjn Ÿmanailsar Haisek ŸdeK celeC crm ibsMy iney, ibHÕelr mt| pâiTbIr smó» rHesYr VDar ŸZn tar Hais| …† men Heb Ÿmanailsa HaseC, prQen† ŸdKa Zaeb Ÿs Hais imiley ŸgeC| ik VeC Ÿmanailsar ŸfaeF? ilwnaeàda ikBaeb Ÿmanailsar mueK …† rHsYmy AiBbYi¹¡ tuel ideyiCeln? AnY Ÿkan iSæpIra ta paernin Ÿkn? Veg† êLK kra HeyeC ŸZ, Aenek† …r karN iHsaeb P™maeFa ŸkOSlek† dayI kereCn| HaàBaehr inêra saeyiÆFñ hW maàgaerF iliB„eöan (Margaret Livingstone) …r met …r Vera Si¹¡SalI AnY …kFa bYaKYa VeC| tar met Ÿmanailsar Hais QeN QeN Vsa Zawyar jnY tar dueàbaDY AiBbYi¹¡ ŸmaeF† dayI ny| br„ manuexr dàSeniÆÅy ŸZBaeb ihja†n kra ta† …r muKY karN| ibSÿjgtek ŸdKar jnY manb ŸcaeKr suýpñ du'eFa Vlada …laka reyeC| ŸkÆÅIy …lakaek bla Hy ŸPaiBya| …Kan idey† manux bàN ŸdKet pay, AQr pRet paer …b„ KuƒiFnaiF sbikCuek VtMóù kret paer| ŸPaiByar carpaeSr …laka Zaek bla Hy ŸpirePral, ta idey manux sada-kaela, git …b„ Caya ŸdeK Taek| manux ZKn AnY kaera mueKr idek takay tKn ŸbiSrBag smy† taedr dâiñ inbÁ Taek Ÿs† bYi¹¡r ŸcaeKr idek| kaej† hW iliB„eöaenr met ZKn Ÿkan bYi¹¡r dâiñ ŸkiÆÅBUt Hy Ÿmanailsar ŸcaeKr ˆpr tKn tar tulnamulkBaeb km inàBul pãaiÇ»k dâiñ …es peR mueKr ˆpr| ŸZeHtu pãaiÇ»k dâiñ KuƒiFnaiFr ibxey ŸmaeF† VgãHI ny, kaej† ÷aBaibkBaeb tar kaeC Dra peR Ÿmanailsar Ÿcayaelr HaeRr Caya§ela| …† Caya† Haisr rœp Ÿny| ikÇ¼ ZKn† dàSekr ŸcaK srasir Ÿmanailsar mueKr ˆpr peR, tar ŸkÆÅIy dâiñ Cayaek Vr ŸdeK na| hW iliB„eöaenr met Ÿmanailsar mueKr idek taikey kKenaw† tar Hais ŸdKet pawya Zaeb na| QeN QeN Haisr Vsa Zawya GFet Taek karN manux taedr dâiñ Ÿmanilsar mueKr ibiBÊ Zaygay sraet Taek bel| Ÿmanailsar meDY riskta krar …kDrenr sekOtuk pãbnta VeC| ZKn Vpin AnY idek taikey Takebn tKn Ÿs Vpnar ipCen Haseb| Vr Vpin tar idek takaenar saeT saeT† Ÿs tar Hais bÉ ker Ÿdeb|

7

AiBenºI ijna ŸhiBesr meDY Ÿmanailsa …eP¢ VeC| sbsmy men Hy Hais ŸZn J™el VeC ŸfaeF| …mnik ZKn Haesn na tKnw men Hy HaseCn| hW iliB„eöaenr met, ŸZeHtu ijna ŸhiBesr Ÿcayaelr HaR Kub† dâSYman Ÿskaren† …rkm men Hy| Ÿmanailsar rHsYmy Haisr ob¯aink bYaKYa Ÿdwya se¹Ôw …r naÆdink rœepr pãit ZeTñ SãÁaSIl iCeln hW iliB„eöan| kaej† …† rHsYFuk™ek HrN ker …r pãit manuexr VgãHek ŸkeR inet canin itin|

"Vim ca† na ilwnaeàdar rHsYFuk™ ŸkeR inet| AsaDarN pãitBaban …† iSæpI jIbn ŸTek† …† rHsYFuk™ ineyiCeln, ikÇ¼ Ÿkˆ† ta ŸKyal kernin| Vmaedr paƒcS' bCr ŸlegeC ta ˆÁar kret| ikÇ¼ VëceàZr ibxy He¬C Ÿkn AnY iSæpIra …Fa nkl kret paernin| Ÿmanailsar Kub Bal nkl kret Hel Za kret Heb ta He¬C Vƒkar smy …r mueKr ŸTek AnYidek taikey inet Heb| …eta sHj ijinxFa AenYra ŸZ Ÿkn paerin ŸsFaw …k rHsY|'5

suKI ŸmanailsasuKI ŸmanailsasuKI ŸmanailsasuKI Ÿmanailsa Vebg iciH¡tkrn sPFwyar bYbHar ker †înBaiàsiF Ab Vmöarhaemr kiÚpˆFaer Ÿmanailsaek ibeSåxn kra HeyeC| …† ibeSåxen ŸdKa ŸgeC ŸZ Ÿmanailsa 83 Sta„S VniÆdt, 9 Sta„S ibr¹¡, 6 Sta„S Vt„ikt …b„ 2 Sta„S Ÿº¡aDainÓt| Vebg ibeSåxenr ŸQeº kiÚpˆFar sPFwyariF ŸfaeFr bº¡ta, ŸcaeKr carpaeSr k™‚nek ibebcnay iney Taek| ZtFa na isiryas gebxna, tar Ÿcey Aenk ŸbiS mja iHeseb† Vmöarhaemr gebxkra …† prIQaiF keriCeln| †înBaiàsiF Ab †ilny …r sHeZaigtay iniàmt Vebg iciH¡tkrn …† sPFwyar …r maDYem Ÿmanailsar Vebgek iciH¡t krar jnY pãTem Ÿmanailsaek ôYan kra Hy| gebxnar saeT jiRt pãePsr HYaera ökmYan (Harro Stokman) beln ŸZ, gebxkra jaenn ŸZ …† gebxna Kub …kFa ob¯aink ny, Ÿknna …† sPFyar sUQM AnuBUit§elaek Dret AQm| Aenek† Ÿmanailsar ŸcaeKr ŸZOn †i˜t ba tai¬ClY Kƒuej pan ta sna¹¡ kret paerin …† sPFwyar| …CaRa …† sPFyar ìDumaº ihijFal iPlM ba †emjek† ìDumaº bYbHar kret paer, …b„ bYi¹¡r bàtman Vebgek sifkBaeb sna¹¡ krar jnY pãaTimkBaeb tar inrepQ VebgìnY Abóùar Cib pãeyajn Hy| muKY gebxk ink™ Ÿseb (Nicu Sebe) …† cYael²ek isiryasil Ÿnn …b„ BUmDYsagrIy A‚elr b„eSaÄUt dS jn Ÿmeyr muK¬Cibek bYbHar ker itin inrepQ AiBbYi¹¡r …kiF †emj otir kern| tarpr itin …† †emjek Ÿmanailsar mueKr saeT tulna ker CyiF Vebg VniÆdt,

8

ibisMt, Ÿº¡aDainÓt, ibr¹¡, Vti«t …b„ ibxadgãeóù Bag kern| …† sPFwyar ikBaeb kaj ker Ÿs sÚpeàk ökmYan beln,

"mUltW …Fa makRSar jalek mueKr ˆpr ŸPel ŸCaF ŸCaF Ke¸ Bag ker ŸPlar mt| tarpr Vpin pu„Kanupu„KBaeb naekr iýPit ba ŸcaeKr carpaeSr bilerKa§elar paàTkYek ibeSåxn krebn …r Vebgek iciH¡t krar jnY|'6

…† gebxnar se˜ jiRt nn …mn baeyaemiFä¤ra beln Zidw …Fa† Ÿmanailsar jnY ŸSx kTa ny tTaip …† gebxnar PlaPl ZeTñ VgãH ˆÀIpk| weyñ Baiàjinya ibSÿibdYaleyr ŸsÆFar Pr V†ehiÆFiPekSn ŸFkenaljIr iher¢r lYarI ŸHarnak (Larry Hornak) beln ŸZ,

"muK¬Cib sna¹¡krn ŸFkenaljIr Å›tgitet ˆÊit He¬C| ta se¹Ôw Vebg sna¹¡krn …Kena VturGer† peR VeC| teb men He¬C ŸCaF Helw tara …kiF haFa ŸsFek bYbHar kereCn| ntun ŸQº iHsaeb …† kaj Kub …kFa ŸPel Ÿdwyar metaw ny| gebxnar PlaPl ZeTñ ˆ‡saHbY²k| jngeNr VgãeHr ibxy§elaet ŸFkenaljIr bYbHar sbsmy† mjadar, …b„ maeJ maeJ Vpin Kub† AsaDarN PlaPlw Ÿpey ŸZet paern|'7

sYan Ÿjas ibSÿibdYaleyr baeyaemiFä¤ gebxk ijm weymYan (Jim Wayman) ŸHarnaekr saeT …kmt Ÿpaxn ker beln ŸZ,

"…Fa …kDrenr ŸBièbaij, isiryas Ÿkan ib¯an ny| ikÇ¼ mja iHsaeb …Fa dar›n …b„ sbecey bR kTa He¬C …et kaeraeta Ÿkan QitbâiÁ He¬C na|'8

Haisr AÇ»raelr narIHaisr AÇ»raelr narIHaisr AÇ»raelr narIHaisr AÇ»raelr narI Ÿmanailsar pãkát †itHas …r rHsYmy Haisr meta† rHesYr cader ŸmaRa| …† pãitkáitr sbecey purena bàNna pawya Zay igwiàgw Basairr ŸlKay| Basair Zidw Ÿmanailsa iney dar›nBaeb ˆ¬CÔist iCeln, ikÇ¼ pãkát stY He¬C itin kKena† Ÿmanailsaek ÷ceQ ŸdeKnin| karN itin ZKn da iBi‚r jIbin ŸleKn tKn Ÿmanailsa iCl ÒaeÆs| AbSY Basair ilwnaeàdar iSxY …b„ prbàtIet tar smó» iSæpkeàmr ˆ¹raiDkarI ÒaeÆsseka Ÿmlijr saeT saQa‡ kern| Ÿmlij† taek Ÿmanailsa sÚpiàkt ZabtIy tTY ˆpa¹ idey saHaZY kern|

9

Basair tar gãeÇù êLK kern ŸZ, ilsa iCeln ŸPçaernesr AtYÇ» pãitpi¹SalI ŸrSm bYbsayI ÒaeÆsseka Ÿhl igwke¸ar ctuàT ó½I| pãitkáitiF Vƒka pãay ŸSx Hwyar smey ilsar bys iCl CaibÕS ba sataS| …k sÇ»aenr jnnI iCl Ÿs| AbSY tar Ÿs† sÇ»an jenMr pr pr† mara Zay| ilwnaeàda tar …† pãitkáitiFr Ÿkan namkrn kern na†| ŸZeHtu ilsa iCl igwke¸ar ó½I, Ÿs kareN †FalIet …† icºkàmek haka Hy la igwke¸a naem| †„erjI BaxaBaxI A‚el ilsar naem CibiFr nam Hey Zay Ÿmanailsa| †Failyan Baxay Ÿmana He¬C sÚmansUck pdib| AenkFa mYahaemr mt| Vr … kareN† …† pãitkáitek Ÿmanailsa naem haka Hey Taek| Basair Vera êLK kereCn ŸZ, Cib Vƒkar smy Ÿmanailsar menar²enr jnY ilwnaeàda BaRa kra Ÿlakjn idey ganbajnar bYbóùa ker iCeln|9 …mnik taek HaisKuiS …b„ ˆ‡P™L raKar jnY ŸpSadar BƒaeRrw bYbóùa iCl| Aenek AbSY men kern ŸZ, Ÿmanailsar Hais ilwnaeàdar …kDrenr tamaSa CaRa Vr ikCu ny| †FalIet igwke¸a Se×r VQirk AàT He¬C, ˆ‡P™L, ˆList, VniÆdt| ilwnaeàda Hyeta tar namek† ŸkOtuekr Vkaer Haisr mDY idey P™iFey tulet ŸceyiCeln| … Drenr ŸkOtuekr pãit iBi‚r ŸZ ŸbS Anurag iCl ta †itHas† pãman Ÿdy| Basairr suýpñ bàNna se¹Ôw St St bCr Der pãay hjn Kaenk narI Velacnay êf …eseC Ÿmanailsa Hwyar dabIdar Hey| Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ Vbar …† pãitkáitiFet Ÿkan mehl† bYbHœt Hyin bel men kern| taedr DarNa ilwnaeàda klpna ŸTek tar VdàS rmNIr Cib …ƒekeCn| bûidn Veg ŸTek Vbar ŸbS ikCu s„KYk Ÿlak dabI ker VsiCeln ŸZ Ÿmanailsa iBi‚r† inj÷ ŸcHarar rmNIy rœp| …† DarNaiFr rHsY ˆdGaFen gãaiPk ViàFñ ililyan ŸSayaàj (Lillian Shcwartz) 1998 sael kiÚpˆFar iBi¹k pãZui¹¡r bYbHar GFan| ŸSayaàj ilwnaeàdar inejr Vƒka inejr† pãitkáit iney …ek ˆleF Ÿdn …b„ kiÚpˆFar iõen Ÿmanailsar pãitkáit paSapaiS ŸreK tulna kern| itin ŸdKet pan ŸZ, Ÿmanailsa …b„ ilwnaeàdar nak, muK, kpal, Ÿcayaelr HaR, ŸcaK …b„ Ù› sbikCu† …ekbaer srlerKay Abóùan kreC| ililyan …† bel tar ˆps„Har Faenn ŸZ, ilwnaeàda narI mehl iney pãaTimkBaeb kaj ìr› keriCeln| ikÇ¼ prbàtIet …† mehlek Vr na pawya Zawyaet itin inejr ŸcHarar rmNIy rœpek† bYbHar keriCeln|10

…ehel†ehr AepSadar iSæp ŠitHaisk Ÿm†k ŸBagF-lueyresn (Maike Vogt-

Luerssen) …r dâ• ibSÿas ŸZ itin Ÿmanailsar pircy …b„ Ÿs† saeT tar ibxÊta …b„ rHsYmy Haisr ipCenr karNiF ˆdGaFn kret sQm HeyeCn|

10

Ÿrƒensar smykar iSæpklar pãit sugBIr pãNeyr kareN Ÿm†k tar …† gebxna pãej¢ Haet Ÿnn, Zar sUºpat HeyiCl jaàmanIet| pãay setr bCerr gebxnar pr Ÿm†k …† ibSÿaes ˆpnIt Hn ŸZ, Ÿmanailsa ŸPçaernesr DnazY ŸrSm bYbsayIr ó½I nn| br„ Ÿs He¬C ilwnaeàdar Ÿpãmaka„KI imlaenr pãa¹¡n haecs †saebla Ab …Yaragn| Ÿm†ekr …† gebxnar PlaPl jaàmanIet Who is Mona Lisa? In Search of Her

Identity naem gãÇùakaer Ÿbr HeyeC| Ÿm†k beln ŸZ, Ÿmanailsar pirceyr sUº Ÿmanailsa icºkàmsH Ÿs† smykar AnYanY icºkàm, haeyir …b„ t‡kalIn srkarI w ŸbsrkarI Ÿrkeàhr meDY† luikey VeC| PYakaeS Hais …b„ Ÿmanailsar sara SrIerr gHnar Anupióùit CaRaw tar pren reyeC gBIr ŸSaekr ŸpaSak| Ÿmanailsaek ŸZ bCr Vƒka Hy tar Vegr bCr† †saeblar ma mara Zay| Ÿs† smy haecesr bys iCl maº setr bCr …b„ Ÿs iCl sudàSn ikÇ¼ As‡ cireº AiDkarI ihˆk Ab imlan igyan gailyaeja II mairya ŸParjar sdY ibbaiHta ó½I| Ÿmanailsar sadaisDa badamI ŸpaSaekr dâSYman ˆàDa„S He¬C ŸParja pirbaerr pãtIk …b„ …r nIecr s„Zu¹¡ igFsmUH …b„ sUta§ela iBskiÆF …b„ ŸParja pirbaerr bÉnek pãitiniDtÔ kreC| Ÿm†k êLK kern ŸZ, …† pãtIekr kareN Ÿmanailsa Het paer …mn miHlar s„KYa maº VFjn … sImabÁ Hey Zay| itin s„iSåñ miHlaedr ŸbS ikCu pãitkáit iciH¡t kern| …edr meDY reyeC kYaFirna ŸParja, Zar cul iCl Halka lal r„ …r, †saeblar SÿaìRI Ÿbana Ab sYaBy …b„ †saeblar nnd …Yana-mairya, …e²la, †epailFa, ibyanka, …mepãs …b„ ibiFäsa| bla baûlY …edr kaera saeT† Ÿmanailsar ŸcHarar iml Kƒuej pawya Zayin| kaej†, Kub ÷aBaibkBaeb† Ÿmanailsa Hwyar ŸQeº …kmaº dabIdar Hey peR †saebla| Ÿm†ekr DarNa ŸZ itin Ÿmanailsar ibxÊta …b„ ˆ‡P™Ltar ipCenr karNw Ÿbr kret ŸpereCn| Ÿkn Ÿmanailsa …eta ibxÊ? 1488 saelr ŸSexr idek †saebla ZKn imlaen Ves tKn† tar ibey Hy ihˆk Ab imlaenr saeT| ikÇ¼ taedr obbaiHk jIben bR Drenr smsYa iCl| tar ÷amI iCl mdYp, npu„sk …b„ ó½I inàZatnkarI|

11

Ÿm†k beln ŸZ,

"Ÿs† smykar haeyir ŸlKekra haecs Ab imlan naemr cm‡kar …k rmNIr duWKgaTa ileK ŸgeC, ŸZ tar mdYp ÷amIr Haet pãitinyt inàZaitt Hey kƒadeta| ikÇ¼ Ÿs† rmNI iCl da iBi‚r Ginò bÉ™ ba sÝbt tar Ÿceyw ŸbiS ikCu| Ÿs kareN† As„KY VgãHI Ÿº¡ta Taka se¹Ôw iBi‚ tar Ÿmanailsaek HatCaRa kernin ikCuet†| …Fa iCl Ÿpãemr gæp| ikÇ¼ Kub† durœH Ÿpãemr gæp| †saebla iCeln smaejr Ait ˆ¬c pàZaeyr …b„ Si¹¡SalI Abóùaenr A„S| AnYidek iBi‚ iCeln ŸnHaeyt† …k iSæpI| tKnkar smaj … Drenr Asm samaijk Abóùaenr Ÿpãmek Ÿmen Ÿnwyar meta Abóùay iCl na|'11

ŸPçaernesr ŸrSm bYbsayIr ó½I la igwke¸a Ÿmanailsa iCeln …† bYapk ÷Ikát DarNaek pãtYaKan kereCn Ÿm†k| tar met, igwiàg Basairr iliKt bàNnar ˆpr iBi¹ ker …Fa iCl luYBr imîjyaemr inj÷ Anuman maº| Ÿm†ekr inejr Baxay,

"tara janeta na Ÿmanailsa Ÿk| kaej† pãTm ŸZ bàNna tara ŸpeyeC ŸsFaek† tara gãHn ker ineyeC| …† bàNna sadamaFaBaeb Ÿmanailsar saeT Kapw ŸKey igeyiCl| ikÇ¼ Bal ker lQY krel ŸdKa Zaeb ŸZ Vsel ta Kap Kay in| luYBr Za ikCu beleC tar sb ikCu† Apãmaint …b„ ìr› ŸTek† ŸbS ikCu iSæp ŠitHaisekra …r iberaiDta ker …eseCn| Ÿmanailsa …b„ Basairr bàNnakát la igwke¸ar pãitkáitr bàNnar meDY gRiml reyeC|'12

Ÿmlebaàn ibSÿibdYaleyr isinyr Ÿlkcarar iº¡s maàSaledr mt iSæp smJdaerra AbSY Ÿm†ekr gebxna keàmr saeT …ekbaer† pirict nn …b„ tar dâiñBi˜r saeTw ŸmaeF† …kmt nn| hW maàSal beln ŸZ,

"ŸZeHtu Basair tar smâitr ˆpr inàBr ker xñdS Sta×Ir maJamaiJ smey Ÿmanailsar bàNna ileKeCn, Ÿs kareN† la igwke¸a t¹Ô …Kena calu reyeC|'13

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pƒac sÇ»aenr jnnIpƒac sÇ»aenr jnnIpƒac sÇ»aenr jnnIpƒac sÇ»aenr jnnI §†esp palaiÏF naemr ŸPaçernesr …kjn iSQk SHerr Vàka†B§elaet dIàG pƒicS bCr gebxnar pr suýpñ pãman Kƒuej pan ŸZ ilwnaeàdar pirbar …b„ ŸrSm bYbsayI ÒaeÆsseka igwke¸ar pirbar GinòBaeb sÚpàkZu¹¡ iCl|14

Basairr ŸZ daib keriCeln Ÿmanailsa He¬C igwke¸ar ó½I, Ÿs ibxey palaiÆFr men Ÿkan seÆdH Ÿn†| Ÿknna Basair bYi¹¡gtBaeb igwke¸a pirbaerr se˜ pirict iCeln| ilsar bys ZKn cibÕS tKn …† pãitkáitiF Vƒka Hy …b„ Kub sÝbt ilwnaeàdar baba† taek …† kajiF juiFey ideyiCl| … Drenr kaj ilwnaeàdar baba Vegw AÇ»t …kbar keriCeln bel pãman pawya Zay| Faka pysar bYapaer ilwnaeàda …eta† AegaCaela iCl ŸZ tar babaek … Drenr saHaeZYr Hat maeJ maeJ† baiRey idet HeyiCl| palaiÆFr BaxY AnuZayI ilsa paƒc sÇ»aenr jnnI iCeln| ilsa …b„ ÒaeÆsseka dÚpitr paƒc sÇ»aenr meDY car sÇ»aenr† jenMr Ÿrkàh ˆÁar keriCeln itin| palaiÆF tar gebxnar PlaPl ŸCa´ …kiF b†eyr maDYem pãkaS kereCn| Ÿmanailsa Ÿk tar rHsY ˆÁar krar jnY AnYanY pi¸t …b„ gebxekra palaiÆFr pãS„say p‚muK Hey êfeCn| irkaeàha Ÿnnicin (Ricardo Nencini) beln ŸZ,

"…† gebxna Hyeta sÚpuàn seÆdHmu¹¡Baeb pãman kret pareb na ŸZ ilsa …b„ Ÿmanailsa …k† rmNI| ikÇ¼ ŸZ Drenr tTY pãman Haijr kra HeyeC taet …ra ŸZ …k† narI ta pãay pãitiòt Hey êfeC|'15

ApHœt ŸmanailsaApHœt ŸmanailsaApHœt ŸmanailsaApHœt Ÿmanailsa 1911 saelr …k™eS Agañ Ÿsambar ibSÿibKYat …† iSæpkàm luYBr imîjyam ŸTek cuir Hey Zay| w† idn skael imîjyaemr kàmcarIra Vibôar ker ŸZ Ÿmanailsa tar inejr jaygay Ÿn†| ikÇ¼ kàmcarIra ŸBeb Ÿny ŸZ, Ÿmanailsaek ŸbaDHy imîjyaemr AiPisyal PeFagãaPar tar AiPes iney ŸgeC …r PeFa Ÿtalar jnY| m˜lbaerr meDY ZKn CibiF ÷óùaen iPer …ela na …b„ jana Ÿgl ŸZ ŸsFa PeFagãaPaerr AiPesw Ÿn†, tKn† ta imîjyam kàmkàtaedr janaena Hy| ta‡QinkBaeb† puilSekw Kbr Ÿdwya Hy …b„ tara ikêrFerr AiPes ŸHhekayaàFar óùapn ker sara imîjyaemr sàbº bYapk AnusÉan calay| ikÇ¼ ŸkaTaw Ÿmanailsar Hids pawya Ÿgl na|

13

s„badpeº Ÿmanailsa cuirr GFna pãkaiSt Hwyar pr PrasI pºpiºka§ela cuirr ibiBÊ t¹Ô iney Haijr Hy| …k s„badpº dabI ker ŸZ, …kjn Vemirkan s„gãaHk …† cuirr GFna GiFeyeC| …b„ …r inKƒut nkl krar pr nkl CibiF …ksmy imîjyaem ŸPrt pafaena Heb| AnY …k s„badpº bel ŸZ, puera GFnaFa† Vsel ŸDƒakabaija| kt sHej luYBr ŸTek Cib cuir kra Zay ta ŸdKaena† He¬C …r mUl êÀSY| cuirr rHsY ˆÁar krar jnY kàmcarIsH VeSpaeS bsbaskarI As„KY Ÿlakek ij¯asabad kra Hy| sbecey VëceàZr bys He¬C puilS ibKYat iSæpI pabela ipkaesaekw …† cuirr ibxey ij¯asabad keriCl| ipkaesa …r Veg tar …k bÉ™ ipeyerr kaC ŸTek du'iF Ÿcara† pãó»err BaôàZ ikeniCeln| Ÿmanailsa cuir Hwyar keykmas Veg ipeyer w† BaôàZ du"ŸFa luYBr ŸTek cuir keriCl| ipkaesa ŸBebiCl ŸZ tar …† §nDr bÉ™iF† Hyeta Ÿmanailsaekw cuir kereC| pirióùitr ByabHta …b„ †emj Haraenar Bey ipkaesa BaôàZ du'eFa imîjyaem ŸPrt Ÿdwwyar jnY óùanIy …k piºka AiPes Hó»aÇ»r kern| tar nam pãcairt ŸHak …Fa ipkaesa canin| ikÇ¼ Ÿkˆ …kjn …† GFna puilS Pƒas ker Ÿdy| tdeÇ»r pr AbSY puilS iniëct Hy ŸZ ipkaesa Ÿmanailsa cuirr ibxey ikCu† janetn na| ŸsOBagYº¡em cuir Zawyar sataS mas per Ÿmanailsaek ˆÁar kra Hy| iBnesneja Ÿpr›ijya naemr …kjn †tailyan Ÿmanailsaek …k laK hlaerr ibinmey ŸPçaernesr îPij gYalarIet ibiº¡ krar Ÿcña keriCl| Ÿpr›ijya AbSY dabI ker ŸZ, Faka ny br„ ŸdSepãemr kareN† Ÿs Ÿmanailsaek cuir keriCl| …kjn ibKYat †talIy iSæpIr ibSÿKYat iSæpkàm ÒaeÆs Takeb …Fa Ÿs Ÿmen inet paer in| iºmaiºk ibeSåxniºmaiºk ibeSåxniºmaiºk ibeSåxniºmaiºk ibeSåxn Ÿmanailsar gfnibnYas, öa†l …b„ ikBaeb Vera BalBaeb s„rQn kra Zay Ÿs ibxey Velakpat krar jnY nYaSnal irsaàc kaˆniselr (NRC) ŸsOBagY HeyiCl …† pãitkáitek bYapkBaeb prIQa-inrIQa krar| AtYaDuink klaekOSelr maDYem AtYÇ» bYybûl …† gebxnay NRC gebxna dl Ÿmanailsaek ôYan ker ibpul s„KYk haFa s„gãH kern ibeSåxn krar jnY| luYBerr Ÿp†iÆF„ ihpaàFemeÆFr AnueraeD Centre de recherche et de restauration

des musees de France (C2RMF) Ÿmanailsar ˆpr gebxna kaj Ÿny| …† gebxna iCl Ÿkan Ÿp†iÆF„ …r ˆpr Ÿnya …Kn pàZÇ» sb Ÿcey bYybûl gebxna| mehil„ ŸFkenaljI …b„ iTã ih (iºmaiºk) †emij„ …r ˆpr bYapk ¯an …b„ dQtar kareN …†

14

pãeje¢r A„S iHsaeb C2RMF kYanaha iBi¹k gebxna pãitòan NRC …r iTã ih ib¯anIedr …kiF dlek VmÇ½n janay gebxnay A„S Ÿnwyar jnY| …† gebxnay …nVris-r BUimka iCl Ÿmanailsar sÚmuK …b„ pëca‡ du†Bag† ôYan krar maDYem pãitkáitiFr s„rQneZagY …kiF ˆ¬c ŸrjuilSn sÚpÊ iºmaiºk mehl otir kra| iºmaiºk …† mehl bYbHar kra HeyiCl itniF kaejW

• pplar pYaenelr Vkáitr ktKain ibkáit GeFeC ta sna¹¡ kra| • CibiFr sÚmuK A„eSr obiSñsmUH, r„ …r ibiBÊ ó»r, pYaenl …b„ pãitkáitiFr

ˆpirBaegr icR ba PaFlek prIQa kra • CibiFr s„rQenr bYbóùa …b„ iBi‚r Cib Vƒkar ŸkOSl ibeSxt P™maeFa ŸkOSlek

buJet sHayta kra| pYaires Zawyar Veg NRC iFemr sdsYra ôYain„ pãiº¡yar AnupuªK ismuYelSn prIQa kern| Ÿmanailsaek tar pirebS s„rQn ŸcÜar ŸTek bCer maº …kbar …k raetr jnY prIQa krar jnY Ÿbr kra Hy| NRC gebxkra 2004 saelr 18 ŸTek 20ŸS Ae¢abaerr meDY du'iF mHamulYban rat ŸpeyiCeln Ÿmanailsar samenr, ipCenr …b„ paeàSÿr A„eSr iºmaiºk ôYaenr jnY| NRC iFm …† pãeje¢r jnY …kiF bHneZagY iºmaiºk riñ Ÿljar ôYanar otir keriCeln| Ÿm maes C2RMF … Ÿrƒenar (Renoir) Vƒka ŸbS ikCu Cib ôYaenr maDYem …† bHneZagY ôYanariF pãaTimkBaeb prIQa kra Hy| iºmaiºk ŸFkenaljI otirr ŸntâtÔdankarI gebxk Òae«aeys Ÿbå†s (Francois Blais) Ÿmanailsar º¡mS pirbàtnSIl r„ …r Anu°Ôltaek bYaKYa krar jnY ntun …legairdm …b„ gainitk mehl ˆÄb kern|

icº 3: …nVris ib¯anI maàk irw¤ Ÿmanailsar iºmaiºk Cib ibeSåxn kreCn

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iºmaiºk mehl inKuƒtBaeb Ÿmanailsar pYaenelr Ÿbƒek Zawyar pirmanek iciH¡t ker| Ÿmanailsaek Vƒka HeyiCl ŸZ pplar kaefr pYaenel tar mDY han paeS VeS paeSr …lakar Ÿcey baera imilimFar ˆƒcu ˆ¹lakáitr ibkáit otir HeyeC| AbSY …† ibkáit …Kn pàZÇ» Ÿmanailsar Haisr jnY ûmik Hey daRay in| iºmaiºk …† ibeSåxenr sbecey bR pawna He¬C ilwnaeàdar A„kn ŸkOSelr rHsY ˆÁar kret para| ilwnaeàda tar …† A„kn ŸkOSlek P™maeFa bletn| †tailyaen Zar AàT He¬C ŸDƒaya| ikÇ¼ ŸDƒayar meDY stYkaerr Za Hairey ŸgeC ta He¬C ikBaeb …† ŸkOSl Ÿmanailsaet pãeyag keriCeln iBi‚| NRC-r Ha† ŸrjuelSn riñ iºmaiºk Ÿljar ôYain„ ŸFkenaljIet Ÿmanailsaet ilwnaeàdar tuilr VcR sagerr mâdumÆd tre˜r meta …eseC| …nVrisr gebxk delr sdsY jn ŸF†lr (John Taylor) beln ŸZ,

"Ÿmanailsay Vmra tuilr VceRr ibó»ât Ÿkan icH¡ ŸdKet pa† na| …Fa Kub† HalkaBaeb Vƒka …b„ Kub† msân| ikÇ¼ ta se¹Ôw ˆdaHrn÷rœp bla Zay ŸZ ŸkƒakRaena cuelr iheF†ls pãblBaeb dâSYman| kaej† bla Zay ŸZ Vmra ŸZ Drenr ŸkOSl Vmra Veg kKena ŸdiKin| …Fa ilwnaeàdar sÚpuàn inj÷ ÷kIyta|'16

ikBaeb taHel iBi‚ Ÿmanailsaek …ekiCeln? ŸF†lr beln ŸZ, Zidw Baba Hey Taek ŸZ iBi‚ tar V˜ulek bãaS iHsaeb bYbHa keriCeln, ikÇ¼ Ÿmanailsaet Ÿs Baeb tar V˜uelr Cap pawya Zayin , ŸZFa iBi‚r AnYanY Cibet pawya Zay| iSæp ibeSx¯ra jaenn ŸZ, gBIrtar parespSn, Vytn, Drn …b„ Halka ba ga•ta Vnar jnY P™maeFa ŸkOSel ÷¬C r„ …r ó»r …ekr pr …k pãelp iHsaeb bYbHar kra Hy| Òae«aeys Ÿbå†s beln ŸZ,

"ôYain„ …r maDYem Vmra ŸdKaet sQm HeyiC ŸZ, ga• …laka ŸZmn ŸcaK AbSY ŸmaFa r„ …r ó»r idey gift| Zar maen He¬C …§ela As„KY pàZayº¡imk patla ÷¬C r„ …r Vó»renr smnÓy| ta se¹Ôw, Ÿrƒensar …† ibsMykr iSæpI ikBaeb tar r„ …r ó»r …b„ otl maDYmek bYbHar kereCn ta …Kena rHsY† rey ŸgeC|'17

16

bàtmaen NRC-r gebxkra Ÿmanailsar nkl pãitkáit§ela ŸZ§ela kaefr ˆpr P™maeFa ŸkOSel Vƒka HeyeC Ÿs§elar ˆpr kaj kreCn iºmaiºk Ÿljar ôYain„ …b„ Cibr ˆpadaenr parýpirk iº¡ya BalBaeb ŸbaJar jnY| Vr …r maDYem† tara VSa kreCn ŸZ, …kidn iBi‚r P™maeFa rHsYek tara ŸBd kret parebn| iºmaiºk gebxnar saPlY iney ˆ¬CÔist Ÿbå†s …r sÝabna iney dar›nBaeb VSabadI| itin beln ŸZ,

"Vmra ŸZ iºmaiºk †emj ŸpeyiC Za Vsl Ÿmanailsar Kub† kaCakaiCr| ikÇ¼ ta se¹Ôw …Fa …kFa ihijFal kip maº| Vmra …Kn icÇ»a Babna kra ìr› keriC ikBaeb iBjuyala†ejSn …legairdm otir kra Zay, Za Ÿmanailsar ŸcaeKr ˆ°Ôl gBIerr AnuBUitek kray¹Ô …b„ ta punWinàman kret pareb|'18

AÇ»Ws¹Ôa Ÿmanailsa AÇ»Ws¹Ôa Ÿmanailsa AÇ»Ws¹Ôa Ÿmanailsa AÇ»Ws¹Ôa Ÿmanailsa Ÿmanailsar iºmaiºk Cib ibeSåxnkair gebxkra beleCn ŸZ, pãitkáit Vƒkar smy Ÿmanailsa Hy AÇ»s¹Ôa ntuba sdY pãsUit iCl| Vr … DarNar mUl iniHt reyeC Ÿmanailsar ŸpaSaekr meDY|19

ôYan ŸTek Ÿmanailsar kƒaeD imiH sUtay Ÿbana cm‡kar …kiF V¬Cadenr Aió»etÔr pãman pawya ŸgeC| pãKYat PrasI imîjyam gebxk imeSl Ÿmnu beln ŸZ, …† Drenr V¬Cadn Ÿrƒensar smykalIn gàBbtI ba sdY pãsUit †tailyan miHlara bYbHar kretn| CibiF purena Hwyar saeT saeT …† V¬Cadn ga• bàN DarN kereC| Gn kaela baiàneSr kareN Ÿmanailsa ik r„ …r ŸpaSak per iCeln ta bla durœH| …† r„ kaela ŸTek badamI …mnik sbuj belw Ÿkˆ Ÿkˆ Anuman kereCn| Ÿmanailsar kƒaeD ibCaena V¬Cadnek kKena kKena cadr ba ôaàP iHsaebw bYaKYa kra HeyeC| ikÇ¼ †nÒa-Ÿrh irePçe¢agãaiP ŸTek pãaÐ †emj iBÊ kaiHnIr bàNna Ÿdy| …† ÷¬C VCadnek bla Hy §yarenela| sYae¸äa biFesilr (Sandro Botticelli) Vƒka ŸpeFr ˆpr Hat ibiCey raKa gàBbtI miHlar "Portrait of a Lady'-r V¬Cadenr saeT …r Vibkl iml Kuƒej pawya Zay|

17

pãitidn Ÿmanailsaek iney ŸlKa As„KY kibta Vr Ÿpãmpeº ŸCey Zay luYBr imîjyam| baƒDBaã Ÿjayaerr meta Ÿmanailsa Ÿpãimra iBR jmay luYBer ìDumaº Ÿmanailsaek …k njr ŸdKar jnY, tar saeT …kFa Cib Ÿtalar jnY| icºklar †itHaes …eta Velaict …b„ smaelaict icºkàm Vr Hyin| Ÿrƒensar mt† icºklar jgetw ibpåb bey …eniCl Ÿrƒensar smykalIn …† pãitkáit| Ÿmanailsar ŸcHara Vj saraibeSÿ supirict| ibeSÿr ibiBÊ imîjyam ŸTek ìr› ker, medr, Ÿbatl iblebaàh ŸHn Ÿkan jayga Ÿn† ŸZKaen Ÿmanailsaek bYbHar kra Hyin| ZuegZueg …† icºkàm pãBaibt kereC nbIn iSæpIedr, VgãHI ker tueleC icºklar oSiæpk BUben| k™ijn beln ŸZ,

"Ÿmanailsar prbàtI smeyr pãitkáitr sÚpUàN †itHas† Ÿmanailsar ˆpr inàBr kereC| ìDu †talIy ŸrƒensakalIn pãitkáitsmUH† ny, sÐdS Sta×I ŸTek ìr› ker Œnib„S Sta×I pàZÇ» ipkaesa ŸTek ìr› ker pãetYk iSæpI† Ÿmanailsa idey AnupãaiNt HeyeCn| paëcaetYr skl pãitkáit icºklar† ŸSkR He¬C Ÿmanailsa|'20

____________________________________________________ kYalgair, kYanaha [email protected]

Reference:

1. Mary Rose Storey, Mona Lisa. New York, Harry N. Abrams, 1980.

2. http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/a_nav/mona_nav/mnav_level_1/3t

echnique_monafrm.html

3. Giorgio Vasari, Lives of Painters, Sculptors and Architects. London: J.M.

Dent & Sons, 1963.



5. http://www.sfgate.com/cgibin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/11/2

7/MN127339.DTL

6. http://www.livescience.com/history/ap_051215_mona_lisa.html

7. Ibid

8. Ibid

9. Giorgio Vasari, Lives of Painters, Sculptors and Architects. London: J.M.

Dent & Sons, 1963.

10. Stuart A. Kallen and P.M. Boekhoff, The Importance of Leonardo Da

Vinci. Lucent Books, 2000.

18

11. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/24/1088046208817.html?from=

storylhs

12. Ibid

13. Ibid

14. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/08/01/wmon

a01.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/08/01/ixworld.html

15. Ibid

16. http://iit-iti.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/projects-projets/monalisa-lajoconde_e.html

17. Ibid

18. Ibid

19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5384822.stm



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