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Does Slap Back Echo give
CombFilter coloration?
Tor Halmrast
2017
Jerry Lee Lewis,
Carl Perkins
Elvis Presly
Johnny Cash
SUN STUDIOS
Dec.4th, 1956
Perforated gypsym (mid-freq.-absorber)
Sam Philips
ELVIS
Les Paul: Early 50´s At SUN studios ca. 1954 Sam Philips: Echo using two Ampex 350 recorders Discussions about the delay time 60-120 ms? 163 ms? 150-200 ms? 530 ms (!!!???) General: Slap Back Echo 75-250 ms?
Assume a distance between the recording and playback head of 4 inches and echo tape speeds of 7.5 ips: Delay = 4/7.5 = 0.53 seconds (most likely the most common echo tape speed). 15 ips: Delay = 4/15 = 0.27 seconds (When It Rains It Really Pours). (7.5 ips as the common speed of the echo tape machine has been confirmed by Roland Janes of Sam Phillips studio)
RCA January 1956, Heartbreak Hotel had to use the stairwell
Baby Let´s Play House
Time (s)
0 1
-0.4562
0.99
0
-0.4562
0.99
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (s)
0 1
0.5
-0.5
0
0.5
-0.5
0
Quefrency (s)
0 1
Am
pli
tud
e (d
B)
32.95
110.4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time (s)
0 1.956
Pit
ch (
sem
iton
es r
e 4
40
Hz)
-24
4
-24-23-22-21-20-19-18-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101234
A
A
D
137 ms
Quefrency (s)
0 1.486
Am
pli
tude
(dB
)
50
70
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Power Cepstrum (Praat)
Quefrency (s)
0 0.2
Am
plitu
de (d
B)
55
65
0 0.1 0.20 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Power Sepctrum
Zoom in:
ca 134?-137? ms
CBTB=1/DeltaT=1000/135= 7 Hz
Too small to be observed in FFT:
Tryin´to get to you
Time (s)
0 1.797
Pit
ch (
sem
iton
es r
e 4
40
Hz)
-14
-6
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
IIII´ve BEEN TRAAAV----LING OOO-VER
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
quefrency (s)
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
mag
nitu
de
Cepstrum
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
lag (s)
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
coeff
icie
nts
Waveform autocorrelation
137 ms
Quefrency (s)
0 0.2
Am
pli
tude
(dB
)
55
65
0 0.1 0.20 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Quefrency (s)
0 0.2
Am
pli
tude
(dB
)
55
65
Power Cepstrum (Praat)
Cepstrum (MIR toolbox)
Autocorrelation (MIR toolbox)
Tomorrow Night
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
lag (s)
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
co
eff
icie
nts
Waveform autocorrelation
Cepstrum
Autocorrelation
Time (s)
0 4.191P
itch
(se
mit
on
es r
e 4
40
Hz)
-14
-8
0 1 2 3 4-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
H (B)
A
TOO---------MORROW
150 ms
Overdubbing??
Heartbreak Hotel
Time (s)
0 2.972
Pitc
h (s
emito
nes
re 4
40 H
z)
-36
6
-36
-24
-12
0
-5 E
Heartbreak Hotel
Time (s)
0 2.972
Pitc
h (H
z)
0
500
0
100
200
300
400
500
E=330E=330
Heartbreak Hotel
Quefrency (s)
0 1.486
Am
pli
tude
(dB
)
-71.08
119.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
PowerCepstrum (orig Heartbreak)
Quefrency (s)
0 0.1
Am
plitu
de (
dB)
-22.58
119.2Heartbreak Hotel
PowerCepstrum
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
82 msec
Quefrency (s)
0 0.2
Am
plit
ude
(dB
)
55
70
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
deltaT=0,08 s (80 ms)
CBTB=1/deltaT=1000/80=12.5 Hz
Heartbreak Hotel (forts.)
1500 Hz
75 Hz
22.000 Hz
80 Hz
Heartbreak Hotel (cont.)
(wEEEl, sIIIIInce ) Vowel, Formant1/Formant2 (from litt.) E: 402 / 2020, i: 291/2210
FORMANTS
TEST
LPC LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING
Music with Noise
REMOVE «Voice» in order to eliminate the Pitch+Overtones for the Autocorrelation analysis
Did not work for detecting echoes, beacuse the LPC smoothes also the attacks, so the delayed echo is not detectable
Orig. LPC w/WhiteNoise LPC Residue
Long Tall Sally Time (s)
0 1.788
Pit
ch (
sem
iton
es r
e 4
40
Hz)
-32
0
-30
-24
-18
-12
-6
0
Time (s)
0 1.788
-0.8913
0.6492
0
-0.8913
0.6492
0
Time (s)
0 1.788
Pitc
h (s
emito
nes
re 4
40 H
z)
-32
0
-30
-24
-18
-12
-6
0
Time (s)
0 1.788
-0.8913
0.6492
0
-0.8913
0.6492
0
Long Tall Sally
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
quefrency (s)
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
mag
nitu
deCepstrum
0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
quefrency (s)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
mag
nitu
de
CepstrumZOOM IN:
FLUTTER-EKKO MELLOM SIDEVEGGER I EN KORRIDOR?? Ca. 9ms??
Quefrency (s)
0 0.2
Am
pli
tude
(dB
)
55
70
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Long Tall Sally Power Sepctrum(Praat)
12 ms??
12 ms??
Long Tall Sally
Time (s)
0 1-0.3893
0.99
0
Time (s)
0 1-0.3893
0.99
0
AutoCorr LOngTallSally ch1
CrossCorrelation Long Tall Sally ch1 X ch2
…This is MONO!!
AutoCorr for TESTING STERO/MONO
DOES SUCH LONG DELAYED REFLECTIONS GIVE COMB FILTER COLORATION?
Example: Delay 130 ms (45m exces distance)
DOES SUCH LONG DELAYED REFLECTIONS GIVE COMB FILTER COLORATION?
Example: Delay 82 ms (28m excess distance)
DOES SUCH LONG DELAYED REFLECTIONS GIVE COMB FILTER COLORATION?
Example: Delay 9ms (3.1 m ecxes s distance) LongTall Sally (Corridor??)
ANALYSIS of
POSSIBLE
PERCEIVED
COMB FILTER COLORATION
Comparing the CBTB (Comb Between Teeth Bandwidth)
with the Critical Bandwidth of our hearing organ (basilar membran)
SUN SlapBack No CombColoration
Heartbreak VeryLittleColoration
LongTallSally CorridorColoration?
ECHO CANSELLATION is HARD!!!!! We cannot just take a filter/impulse response of one pulse at time 0, and a negative puls at the detected time delay of the echo, as this will add a new reflection (negative) at twice the delay time:
Out
Known/measured time delay of echo on recording
Imp.Resp of Test-Echo-Canselation
Added (negative) new echo at 2x measured time delay
Normalised. PS! All curves have 1 at time 0