elment and principles of design

7/27/2019 elment and principles of design

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Elements of Design

The elements of

design are the tools

use to create any

thing.


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Elements of Design

Line

Color

Texture Shape

Form


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The color wheel is

divided into three

categories: primary,

secondary, andtertiary.

The three primary colors

are Red, Yellow and

Blue.

These colors are

considered to be

foundation colors

because they are usedto create all other

colors


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Secondary COLOURs.

secondary colors are

green, orange and

violet (purple).

A secondary color is

made by mixing two

primarycolors.
http://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_primary.htmlhttp://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_primary.html


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2 primary colours giving one

secondary


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1primary +1primary=

secondary.


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Red+yellow giving orange.


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TERTIARY COLOURS.

Tertiary or Intermediatecolors

Intermediate colors,sometimes called tertiarycolors, are made by mixinga secondaryand a primarycolor together.
http://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_secondary.htmlhttp://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_primary.htmlhttp://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_primary.htmlhttp://www.sanford-artedventures.com/study/g_secondary.html


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COLOUR WHEEL.

Color wheels show how visible

colors are

related.primary,secondary, and

tertiary colors are organized on acircular chart.

Color wheels help artistsremember and designer how to

mix and think about pigments.


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Colour placement.


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Properties of Color: Hue-the name of a

color. The primary

hues are red, yellow,

and blue. Value-refers to the

lightness or darkness

of an object.

Intensity-refers to the

brightness and

dullness of a color.


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SHADES of COLOURS.

Shadesare dark

values of a color. One

usually makes shades

by mixing a color with

different amountsof black.


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Colors are also divided into cool and warmcategories. The cool

colorsare green, blue and violet. Warm colors are red, orange

and yellow.


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WARM COLOURS.

Warm colors are mademostly of red, orangeand yellow.

This family of colors is

called warm because theyremind you of warm thingslike the sun or fire.

Warm colors can evenmake you feel warmer

because they can slightlyincrease your circulation

and body temperature!


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A t intof a color is

made by adding

white.

A shadeis made

by adding black.


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NEUTRALS.

Neutral colorsNeutral colors or earthtones are not seen onmost color wheel .

Black, gray, whitesareneutral.


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COMPLEMENTARY colours

Complementary pairs

contrastbecause theyshare no common colors.

For example, red and

green are complements.


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Triadic-

This scheme also

uses three colors.

They are evenlyspaced from each

other. (example: red,

yellow, and blue)


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A lternate comp lement-

This scheme uses

four colors: a triad

and a complement toone of the hues.

(example: red, yellow,

blue and violet)


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Double complement-

This color scheme

uses two pairs of

complements.(example: yellow and

violet, blue and

orange)


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Tetrad-

This scheme uses

four colors evenly

spaced on the color

wheel. A primary,secondary and two

tertiary colors are

used. (example: red,

green, yellow-orange,and blue-violet)


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Sp l it complementary

This color scheme

uses three colors: any

hue and the two

adjacent to itscomplement.

(example: red, yellow-

green, and blue-

green)


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Monochromaticis where one color is used but in different values and intensity.


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Point

A point is an element that hasposition, but no extension.

Aloneit can provide a

powerful relation betweennegative and positive space,

Line or form is a naturalresult of multiple points in

space.


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Line

Line - the path of a point. A line is an element

characterized by length anddirection.

lines that are grouped togetheroften create a sense of value,density or texture.

Rigid

Organic

Differing weights


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Characteristic of Line are:

Width- thick, thin, tapering,uneven

Length- long, short,continuous, broken

Direction- horizontal, vertical,diagonal, curving,perpendicular, oblique,parallel, radial, zigzag

Focus- sharp, blurry, fuzzy,choppy

Feeling- sharp, jagged,graceful, smooth
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Horizontalline

Verticallines
http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/element/cathedra.gifhttp://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/element/wright.gif


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PLAY OF CURVED LINES


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Straight lines


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Form

Athree-dimensional

object with height,width, depth, andcontour.


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Shapes

Geometric Shapes- Circles, Squares,rectangles and triangles. We seethem in architecture and manufactureditems.

Organic Shapes- Leaf, seashells,flowers. We see them in nature andwith characteristics that are free flowing,informal and irregular.
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Texture

. Texture is the element of

design that refers to howthings feel, or lookas ifthey might feel if touched.

Texture can be: hard,soft, rough, smooth,slippery, sticky,scratchy.


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Texture

Texture is both a visualand a tactile.

Texture often refers to thematerial that something ismade of, and can becreated using any of theelements previouslydiscussed.

Rough texture

Organic texture


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On fabric & wood


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The ways in which these elements can be used

are called principles:-

1. repetition,

2. rhythm,3. graduation and radiation,

4. contrast,

5. harmony,6. balance and proportion.


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REPETITION

When a single

element is repeated

again and again.
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Can also be

Is repeated

elements which

is varied in size,

shape or color.

Also known as

Pattern


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GRADATION

Gradation of size and direction. Gradation of of colour from warm to cool and tone from

dark to light.

Gradation can add interest and movement to a shape.


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Balance

Balance is an equilibrium that results from

looking at images and judging them

against our ideas of physical structure

(such as mass, gravity or the sides of apage). It is the arrangement of the objects

in a given design as it relates to their

visual weight within a composition.Balance usually comes in two forms:

symmetrical and asymmetrical.

A i l


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Asymmetrical

Asymmetrical balance occurs whenthe weight of a composition is notevenly distributed around a centralaxis.

In general, asymmetricalcompositions tend to have a greatersense of visual tension.

Asymmetrical balance is also knownas informal balance. Horizontalsymmetry
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Rhythm

Created byrepetition,radiation,

progressionandtransition.

Rh th


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Rhythm

Rhythm is the repetition or alternation of elements, often

with defined intervals between them. Rhythm can createa sense of movement, and can establish pattern andtexture. There are many different kinds of rhythm, oftendefined by the feeling it evokes when looking at it.

Regular: A regular rhythm occurs when the intervalsbetween the elements, and often the elementsthemselves, are similar in size or length.

Flowing: A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement,

and is often more organic in nature.

Progressive: A progressive rhythm shows a sequence offorms through a progression of steps.

P ti


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Proportion

Proportion is the

comparison ofdimensions ordistribution offorms.

It is therelationship inscalebetween oneelement andanother, orbetween a wholeobject and one ofits parts.


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Emphasis

A. Closely related to

focal point. Focuses

the attention on one

feature and keepseverything else

secondary.

B. Can be created bytexture, color, and

kind of flower and

movement.


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Or say

Drawing attention to

the main object.

All elements; like line,

color, and shapes,direct your eye to the

main point.


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unity

Oneness makes

all the elements and

principals work

together to form apiece of art.

Also called Harmony
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elment and principles of design