1

Open-File Report 4-2018

The University of OklahomaNorman, Oklahoma

2019

Elevation and ickness of theOrdovician Viola Limestone in

Oklahoma and Surrounding StatesMarch 2019

Kevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. ChangOklahoma Geological Survey

Open-File Reports are intended to make the results of research that fills a public need available at the earliest possible date. Because of the possibility of that information being superseded by more complete research results, an Open-File Report is intended as a preliminary report not as a final publication. Analyses presented in this article are based on information available to the author(s), and do not necessarily represent the views of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the University of Oklahoma, their employees, or the State of Oklahoma. The accuracy of the information contained herein is not guaranteed and any mention of trade names is not an endorsement by the author, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, or the University of Oklahoma.

Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report Disclaimer

The Oklahoma Geological Survey is a state agency for research and public service, mandated in the State Constitution to study Oklahoma’s land, water, mineral and energy resources and to provide wise use and sound environmental practices.

OPEN-FILE REPORT 4-2018 ELEVATION AND THICKNESS OF THE ORDOVICIAN VIOLA LIMESTONE IN OKLAHOMA AND SURROUNDING STATES

Kevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang INTRODUCTION This Open-File Report (OF) is the fourth in a series of 16 that shows shaded relief maps of the top and bottom digital elevation model (DEM) grids for stratigraphic units in Oklahoma, Kansas, and parts of Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas. Isopach maps from which these DEM grids were derived are also included, along with lithofacies in some instances. Each map covers the area from 41.0 degrees to 34.5 degrees north-south and -94.0 degrees to -102.0 degrees east-west. The Open-File Reports are published as layered PDFs that contain individual map pages with map layers that can be turned on or off. They are available in PDF and GIS formats. In each of the 16 Open-File Reports, Plate 1 shows the top elevation of the unit; Plate 2 shows the bottom elevation of the unit; and Plate 3 shows the thickness of the unit. In OF 9-2018 through OF 15-2018, Plate 3 also shows the lithofacies of the unit. The lithofacies maps are taken from Rascoe and Hyne (1988) and use a simple four component carbonate-clastic binary phase diagram with vertical lithology boundaries. The colors represent the relative amount of clastics and carbonates in the rocks. Rocks with a high percentage of clastics are colored yellow, and rocks with a high percentage of carbonates are blue. DESCRIPTION OF 4-2018 shows the shaded relief map of the top (Plate 1) and bottom (Plate 2) digital elevation model (DEM) grids of the Ordovician Viola Limestone, as well as the unit’s thickness (Plate 3), in Oklahoma and surrounding states. METHODS Data used to create the shaded relief maps for the series of 16 Open-File Reports include:

• sixteen isopach maps from Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent (PGM; Rascoe and Hyne, 1988), which depict the thicknesses of sedimentary strata from the topographic surface to the crystalline basement (Table 1), and

• National Elevation Dataset (NED) surface topography Each of the sixteen PGM isopach maps were digitally scanned and georeferenced to geographic coordinates using the datum North American 1983 and later projected to the Albers Equal-Area Conic projection of the same datum. The contour lines of each isopach map were then digitized and attributed with their corresponding thickness values.

In some cases, the PGM isopach maps contain holes where no data is present. These discontinuities occur where (1) a unit pinches out to zero thickness or (2) a fault truncates a unit, resulting in a reduced thickness or disappearance of the unit. In these cases, the isopach used to create the DEMs was modified from the original PGM isopach to show the unit thickness as zero rather than the isopach map containing no data. The digitized isopach thickness data were then gridded and co-registered with the National Elevation Dataset (NED) topography. Starting with the shallowest stratum (Triassic and Cretaceous Systems), the isopach thickness grid was subtracted from the NED topography to get the bottom elevation grid for the shallowest stratum (Triassic and Cretaceous Systems); alluvium and terrace deposits were not factored into the model. By definition, the resultant bottom elevation grid is also the top elevation grid of the next lower stratum (Guadalupian Series). This workflow was repeated for each isopach thickness map in sequence until the top of the crystalline basement was reached. For example, the isopach thickness for the Guadalupian Series was subtracted from the top elevation grid of the Guadalupian Series to get the bottom elevation grid for the Guadalupian Series as well as the top elevation grid for the Leonardian Series. Due to the map scale, there are no elevation contours for the outcrop topography. The subcrop grid is at a scale of 30 arcseconds. INTENTION These elevation models were originally produced to visualize 3D geology and aid in geophysical research. The tops and bottoms of each unit constrain the upper and lower bounds, respectively, of the density distribution within the sedimentary strata of a regional gravity model. The data presented here may also be useful for other subsurface investigations, such as geoengineering, petrophysical, or hydrogeologic applications. REFERENCES Rascoe, B., Jr., and Hyne, N.J., eds., 1988, Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent: Tulsa Geological Society Special Publication No. 3, 162 p. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Julie Chang and Jake Walter for their editorial assistance; Jim Anderson and Russell Standridge for their work preparing the PDF publication; and Randy Keller and RPSEA for funding this endeavor.

Table 1. Open-File Report number (OF No.) and corresponding PGM isopach maps for units listed stratigraphically from oldest to youngest.

OF No. Unit Series Age PGM Plate No. Page OF 1-2018 Precambrian Basement Precambrian 2 5 OF 2-2018 Arbuckle Group Ordovician 8 35 OF 3-2018 Simpson Group Ordovician 9 39 OF 4-2018* Viola Limestone Ordovician 10 47 OF 5-2018 Sylvan Shale Ordovician 11 49 OF 6-2018 Hunton Group Silurian 12 53 OF 7-2018 Woodford Shale Devonian 14 67 OF 8-2018 Pre-Chesterian Mississippian Rocks Mississippian 15 74 OF 9-2018 Chesterian Series Mississippian 16 80 OF 10-2018 Morrowan Series Pennsylvanian 18 94 OF 11-2018 Atokan and Desmoinesian Series Pennsylvanian 19 107 OF 12-2018 Missourian and Virgilian Series Pennsylvanian 20 113 OF 13-2018 Wolfcampian Series Permian 21 119 OF 14-2018 Leonardian Series Permian 22 128 OF 15-2018 Guadalupian Series Permian 23 129 OF 16-2018 Triassic and Cretaceous Systems Triassic and

Cretaceous 24 130

* This publication

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´0 25 50 75 100 Miles

0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers

Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet

OF 4-2018, PLATE 1 Top Elevation of Viola Limestone

byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang

After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47

125°

50° 50°125° 65°

65°

25°25°

Index map showing outline of study area

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Mtn. Uplift S

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Arch

Arkoma

Basin

Pra

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Hug

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Em

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Forest City

Basin

Central K

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Uplift

Southern Oklahoma

Aulacogen

Mid

con

tin

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Rif

t

OsageTexas

Ellis

Beaver

Butler

Kay

Ford

Reno

Ellis

Ness

Elk

Gove

Le Flore

Caddo

Finney

Gray

Clark

Woods

Grady

Grant

Lyon

Gray

Logan

Major

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Clay

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Frontier

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Garvin

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Cloud

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Chase

Logan

Kiowa

Vernon

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Roberts

Holt

Woodward

Saline

Decatur

York

Morris

Hayes

Greer

Graham

Adair

Perkins

Wheeler

Dawson

Osage

Payne

Sherman

Tulsa

Marshall

Potter

Wallace

Hughes

Sedgwick

Hemphill

Benton

Osborne

Scott

Mayes

Hamilton

Furnas

Grant

Roger Mills

Ochiltree

Coffey

Page

Hansford

AllenStafford

LincolnOttawa

Sheridan

Moore

Greenwood

Rogers

Miami

Kingman

Wichita

Latimer

Beckham

Lipscomb

Cass

MortonJasper

Mitchell

Canadian

Nodaway

Pawnee

Saline

Cheyenne

Clay

Kingfisher

Comanche

Stevens

Brown

Taylor

Barton

Greeley

Armstrong

Coal

Labette

Dickinson

Harlan

Wilson

Nemaha

Haskell

Polk

Seward

Del

awar

e

Randall

Newton

Republic

Thayer

Pontotoc

Stanton

Muskogee

Adams

HutchinsonCherokee

Jackson

Ellsworth

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Phelps

Haskell

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Hodgeman

McIntosh

Nowata

Washington

Harvey

Bourbon

Neosho

Jackson

Hitchcock

Pawnee

Gentry

Platte

Comanche

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Fillmore

Franklin

Washington

McClain

Sherman

Sequoyah

Edwards

Ray

Oklahoma

Jackson

Webster

Okmulgee

Seminole

Briscoe

Ottawa

Collingsworth

Nuckolls

Harmon

Wabaunsee

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Okfuskee

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Geary

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Red Willow

Pottawatomie

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Hamilton

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Richardson

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Johnson

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°-94°

41°

40°

39°

38°

37°

36°

35°

34.5°-95°-96°-97°-98°-99°-100°-101°-102°

-94°34.5°

36°

37°

38°

39°

40°

41°

35°

´0 25 50 75 100 Miles

0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers

Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet

OF 4-2018, PLATE 2 Bottom Elevation of Viola Limestone

byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang

After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47

125°

50° 50°125° 65°

65°

25°25°

Index map showing outline of study area

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AnadarkoBasin

Amarillo Uplift Arbuckle

Mtn. Uplift S

emin

ole

Arch

Arkoma

Basin

Pra

ttA

nti

clin

e

Hug

oton

Em

baym

ent Nem

aha

Up

lift

Salina Basin

Forest City

Basin

Central K

ansas

Uplift

Southern Oklahoma

Aulacogen

Mid

con

tin

ent

Rif

t

OsageTexas

Ellis

Beaver

Butler

Kay

Ford

Reno

Ellis

Ness

Elk

Gove

Le Flore

Caddo

Finney

Gray

Clark

Woods

Grady

Grant

Lyon

Gray

Logan

Major

Kiowa

Barber

Creek

Rice

Gage

Lincoln

Smith

Trego

Pittsburg

Pratt

Cowley

Harper

Custer

Sumner

Blaine

Bates

Jewell

Dewey

Clay

Lane

Meade

Linn

Alfalfa

Scott

Craig

Rooks

Marion

Rush

Cass

Rawlins

Lincoln

Barton

Garfield

Donley

Thomas

Hall

Dundy

Norton

Chase

Carson

Clay

Otoe

Frontier

Noble

Riley

Washita

Phillips

HallBuffalo

Garvin

Russell

Cloud

Kearny

Chase

Logan

Kiowa

Vernon

Harper

Roberts

Holt

Woodward

Saline

Decatur

York

Morris

Hayes

Greer

Graham

Adair

Perkins

Wheeler

Dawson

Osage

Payne

Sherman

Tulsa

Marshall

Potter

Wallace

Hughes

Sedgwick

Hemphill

Benton

Osborne

Scott

Mayes

Hamilton

Furnas

Grant

Roger Mills

Ochiltree

Coffey

Page

Hansford

AllenStafford

LincolnOttawa

Sheridan

Moore

Greenwood

Rogers

Miami

Kingman

Wichita

Latimer

Beckham

Lipscomb

Cass

MortonJasper

Mitchell

Canadian

Nodaway

Pawnee

Saline

Cheyenne

Clay

Kingfisher

Comanche

Stevens

Brown

Taylor

Barton

Greeley

Armstrong

Coal

Labette

Dickinson

Harlan

Wilson

Nemaha

Haskell

Polk

Seward

Del

awar

e

Randall

Newton

Republic

Thayer

Pontotoc

Stanton

Muskogee

Adams

HutchinsonCherokee

Jackson

Ellsworth

McPherson

Phelps

Haskell

Lancaster

Hodgeman

McIntosh

Nowata

Washington

Harvey

Bourbon

Neosho

Jackson

Hitchcock

Pawnee

Gentry

Platte

Comanche

Franklin

Fillmore

Franklin

Washington

McClain

Sherman

Sequoyah

Edwards

Ray

Oklahoma

Jackson

Webster

Okmulgee

Seminole

Briscoe

Ottawa

Collingsworth

Nuckolls

Harmon

Wabaunsee

Wagoner

Okfuskee

Seward

Geary

Crawford

Crawford

Atchison

Swisher

Red Willow

Pottawatomie

Gosper

Jefferson

Fremont

Kearney

Ringgold

Anderson

Cherokee

Jefferson

Clinton

Shawnee

Douglas

Andrew

Johnson

Cleveland

Seb

asti

an

Woodson

McDonald

Pawnee

De Kalb

Chautauqua

Hamilton

Atchison

Richardson

Nemaha

Worth

Johnson

StephensChildress

Doniphan

Buchanan

Atoka Pushmataha

MillsUnion

Murray

Adams

Tillman

Pot

taw

atom

ieMontgomery

Har

riso

n

Lea

venw

orth

Was

hing

ton

Dav

iess

Cal

dwel

l

Bar

ryJo

hnso

nD

ade

Hen

ry

Wyan-

Fra

nkli

nC

edar

Montgomery

Laf

ayet

te

Law

renc

eS

aint

Cla

irL

ogan

dotte

N E B R A S K A

I O W A

K A N S A S

MI

SS

OU

RI

AR

KA

NS

AS

O K L A H O M A

T E X A S

-102°-101° -100° -99° -98° -97° -96° -95

°-94°

41°

40°

39°

38°

37°

36°

35°

34.5°-95°-96°-97°-98°-99°-100°-101°-102°

-94°34.5°

36°

37°

38°

39°

40°

41°

35°

´0 25 50 75 100 Miles

0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers

Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet

OF 4-2018, PLATE 3 Thickness of Viola Limestone

byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang

After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47

125°

50° 50°125° 65°

65°

25°25°

Index map showing outline of study area

CoverTextPlate 1Plate 2Plate 3