A process whereby knowledge, attitude, and practice of people are changed to improve individual, family, and community health.

Basic health service and every member of the health team shares responsibility in providing health education.

A means of improving the health of the people by employing various methods of scientific procedures to show the most healthful ways of living.

Consists of techniques that stimulate, arouse, and guide people to live healthfully.

Sum of activities in which health agencies engage to influence the thinking, motivation, judgment, and action of the people in the community.

Creating awarenes Motivation Decision making action

Health education considers the health status of the people. Determined by the economic and social

conscience of the country Health education is learning

Process whereby people learn to improve their personal habits and attitudes and to work responsibly for the improvement of health, conditions in the family, community and nation.

Health education involves motivation, experience and change in the conduct of thinking Stimulates an active interest in people Develops and provides experiences for change in

people’s attitudes, customs, and habits in relation to health and everyday living.

Health education should be recognized as a basic function of all health workers

Health education takes place in the home, in the school, and the community Learning about health results from a wide variety of

contacts between members of the family, between pupils and teachers and mong the community members.

Health education is a cooperative effort Health education requires that all categories of health

personnel work together in close teamwork with families, groups, and community.

Health education meets the needs, interests, and problems of the people affected. The expressed needs and interest of the people themselves are

important motivating influences for intiating individual, family and community activities in solving health problems.

Health education is achieved by doing. It does not only mean understanding the different health facts,

buth health education also finds means and ways of carrying out the plans.

Obtains community and individual participation in the solution of health problems

Health education is a slow continuous process. It is a slow development, not a mushroom growth that evolves

constant changes and revisions until onkectoves are achieved.

Health education makes use of supplementary aids and devices. These education materials are aids to a cooperative health program and not as a

program itslef. Helps verbal instructions

Health education utilizes community resources It involves the careful evaluation of the different services and resources found in the

community concerned with the total health and well being of the people. Both human and natural resources are utilized.

Health education is a creative process There is no single pattern for solving community problems, since problem solving is

essentially a creative work. Needs a method and technique different from others with a characteristic of its own. Does not follow a rigid and inflexible pattern.

Health education helps people attain health through their own efforts. It aims to help people make use of their own efforts and

education in improving their conditions of living, lodging, good nutrition and prevention of diseases.

Health education makes careful evaluation of the planning, organization and implementation of all health education programs and activities. A long and continuous process like health education itself.

Interviewing Counseling Lecture-discussion Open forum Workshop Case study Role play Symposium Group work – buzz sessions Community assembly

Nominal group technique This technique is a structured variation of small group

discussion methods. The process prevents the domination of discussion by a single person, encourages the more passive group members to participate, and results in a set of prioritized solutions or recommendations.

Laboratory training Use of IEC (information, education,

communication) materials as leaflets, brochures, comics, handouts, flyers

Use of publication Use of audio-visual aids, bulletin boars,

billboards, posters, streamers, radio, TV, overhead/slide projectors, multimedia presentation

Use of IEC support as fans, umbrellas, T-shirts, bookmarks, bags, hats, pens, stationaries, keychains, folder, kits

Qualities of a Good Health Educator Knowledgeable/mastery of subject matter Credible Good listener Can emphatize with others Possess teaching skills Flexible Patience Creative and innovative Effective motivator Ability to rephrase/summarize Encourages group participation Good sense of humor.

AKA Bilhariasis; snail fever; swimmer’s itch; katayama fever

Agent: blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum – endemic in the

philippines Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Infective stage cercaria

Intermediate host: Oncomelania quadrasi

Endemic in 10 regions, 24 provinces, 183 municipalities and 1,212 barangays

Prevalent in: Region 5 (bicol) Region 8 (samar and leyte) Region 11 (davao)

Mode of transmission:

contact with contaminated fresh water

Signs and symptoms: Diarrhea Bloody stools Enlargement of the abdomen Splenomegaly hepatomegally Weakness Anemia Hepatitis liver cirrhosis ascites and

jaundice

Diagnosis Kato Katz (circumovum precipitate)

technique Stool exam to diagnose schistosomiasis

Treatment Praziquantel (Biltricide) drug of choice

against all species

Methods of Control

Preventive Measures: Educate the public in endemic areas regarding

mode of transmission and methods of protection Dispose of feces and rine so that viable eggs will

not reach bodies of fresh water containing intermediate snail host.

Improve irrigation and agrigultural practices reduce snail habitats

Treat snail-breeding sites with molluscicides

Prevent exposure to contaminated water Provide water for drinking, bathing and washing

clothes from sources free from cercariae or treatment to kill them

Treat water with iodine or chlorine, or use paper filters or allow water to stand 48 – 72 hours before use

Treat patients in endemic areas to prevent disease progression and to reduce transmission

Travelers visiting endemic areas should be advised of the risks and informed about preventive measures

Control of Patient, Contacts and the Immediate environment Report to local health authority in selected

endemic areas Investigation of contacts and sources

of infection (case finding and surveillance) Motivate people in endemic areas to have

annual stool examination

Chronic parasitic infection caused by a nematode parasites

Endemic in Regions 5, 8, 11,CARAGA (region XIII), marinduque, sarangani provice

Infectious agent: (nematode) Wuchereria brancrofti Bruglia malayi Bruglia timori

Young and adult Worms lives in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes while the microfilariae are usually found in blood

MOT Person to person through bites from an

infected female mosquito Aedes poecilius

Incubation period: 8 – 16 months

Signs and Symptoms1. Asymptomatic Stage

Presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood No clinical signs and symptoms Some remain asymptomatic for years and in some

instances for life Other progress to acute and chronic stages Microfilariae rate increases with age and then levels

off In most endemic areas including the Philippines, men

have higher microfilariae rate than women

2. Acute Stage Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of the lymph nodes Lymphangitis

Inflammation of the lymph vessels In some cases, the male genitalia is

affected leading to funiculitis, epidydimitis, or orchitis

3. Chronic Stage Develop 10 – 15 years from the onset of first

attack Hydrocoele

Swelling of the scrotum Lymphedema

Temporary swelling of the upper and lower extremities

Elephantiasis Enlargement nad thickening of the skin of the lower

and/or upper extremities, scrotum, breast

Diagnosis Physical examination History taking Observation of the major and minor signs

and symptoms

Laboratory Examinations Nocturnal Blood Examination

Blood is taken from the patient at night (after 8:00 PM)

Immunochromatrographic Test Rapid assessment method Antigen test

Focus on the compliance to the prescribed treatment regimen

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE (DEC) or HETRAZAN Drug of choice

Side effects Systemic

Due to host inflammatory responses to parasites antigen liberated by the rapid death of the microfilariae

Local Induced by death of the microfilaria

Mass Treatment Distribution to all population Dosage: 6 mg/kg body weight taken as a

single dose per year

Surgical Treatment Lymphvenous anastomosis

SUPPORTIVE CARE FOR FILARIASIS Observe personal hygeine to avoid

superinfection

PREVENTION AND CONTROL Vector control

Environmental sanitation Spraying with insecticides

protect infdividual and families in endemic areas

use of mosquito nets Use of long sleeves, long pants, socks Application of insect repellants Screeing of houses Health education

Also known as Ague, black water fever Produced by intraerythrocytic parasites

of the genus Plasmodium P. falciparum P. Vivax P. Ovale P. Malariae

Factors affectng severity of the disease Infecting species

P. Falciparum is the most fatal Most common Found in the Philippines

P. Vivax Second most common Widely distributed

P. Malariae Third most common

P. Ovale rare

Magnitude of parasitemia Metabolic effects of the parasite

Mode of Transmission Person to Person through the bite of female

Anopheles Mosquito Incubation period: 10 days – 4 weeks

Diagnosis Clinical Method

Based on the signs and symptoms of the patient plus a history of his/her having visited a malaria endemic area

Pattern of Disease (cycle is every 48 – 72 hours)

Cold Stage chills Hot Stage fever Wet State diaphoresis

Microscopic Method (Malarial Smear) Examination of blood semar of the patient Specimen is taken when patient has fever

Chemoprophylaxis Given to persons going to malaria endemic

area Chloroquine

chemoprophylaxis drug of choice Taken at weekly intervals starting from 1 – 2

weeks before travelling Given throughout pregnancy

Prevention and Control B – Biological Method

On-stream clearing I – Insecticides

Treatment of mosquito nets/curtains with insecticide

C – Case Findings E – Environmental Sanitation and

health education P – Personal Prevention

Personal Prevention Wearing of clothing that covers arms and

legs in the evening Avoid outdoor night activities (vector’s

peak hours: 9 PM – 3 AM)

C – Chemical Method L – Larvae eating Fish E – Environmental Sanitation A – antimosquito soap (Basisl

Cetronella) N – Neem Trees

Blood Schizonticides Drugs acting on sexual blood stages of the

paraside which are responsible for clinical manifestations

Chloroquine Sufadoxine Quinine Tetracycline quinidine