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Characters
A CHARACTER is a person, animal, or imaginary creature
2 Kinds of Characters:
Protagonist: main character or hero;
Example: Little Red Riding Hood
Antagonist: another character which causes conflict for the protagonist; sometimes the villain; The antagonist can be a character, society, or object. Example: The Wolf
Types of Characters:
Minor Characters: have a small role in the text; example- Red Riding Hood’s Mom
Major Characters: have a major role in the text; example: Red Riding Hood, The Wolf
Flat Characters or Static Characters:characters that do not experience any changes; they
stay the same; only one side to themExample: Grandma in Red Riding Hood Round or Dynamic Characters: characters that change, grow, or learn something; many
sides to them Example: Red Riding Hood
Kinds of Characters:
Scrooge: a. static b. dynamic
Superman: a. flat b. round c. protagonist d. antagonist
The Little Mermaid: a. staticb. dynamic
Cinderella’s stepmother: a. flat b. round
Characterization A description of individuals in a story
5 Ways to Develop a Character: 1. Physical Description of Character
Example: tall, dark, brunette, blue eyes, etc.
2. Character’s Speech, Thoughts, and ActionsExample: “I must not punish, but punish with impunity.”
–Narrator in Edgar A. Poe “The Cask of Amontillado”
3. The Speech, Thoughts, and Actions of Other CharactersExample: Jane exclaimed “Tom is an honest person.”
4. Eye-Awakening SituationsExample: the death of a loved one; graduation, moving, etc.
5. Direct Statement about CharacterExample: Grandpa loves to tell stories.
Setting and MoodSetting: Where and When a story takes placeExamples: • 2010• Morning, Afternoon, Evening, • Chicago, India• Airport, Restaurant, Bookstore, School
Mood: emotional atmosphere of a story; the feeling created in a reader by a text
Examples: • Scary• Calming• Romantic• Hopeless• Fearful
Plot
The sequence of events in a story
5 Parts of Plot: 1. Exposition2. Rising Action3. Climax4. Falling Action5. Resolution [Dénouement]
Plot- Exposition
-the beginning part of a story that:
Sets the tone Establishes the setting Introduces characters Gives the reader important
background information
Plot- Climax
“turning point” of the story
The climax is the point of maximum interest. It usually occurs toward the end of a story, after the reader has understood the conflict and become emotionally involved with the characters.
At the climax, the outcome of the plot becomes clear.
Plot- Falling Action
occurs after the climax conflicts are beginning to be
resolved- loose ends are tied up
Plot- Resolution
part of the story where the problem or conflict is solved
occurs after the climax and falling action
“the end”
Conflict
struggle between a character and an opposing force
2 Kinds of Conflict: Internal ConflictExternal Conflict
External Conflict
struggle between a character and an outside force such as society, nature, or another character
Man (character) vs. Man Man (character) vs. Nature Man (character) vs. Society Man (character) vs. Animal Man (character) vs. Machine Man (character) vs. Supernatural
Internal Conflict
struggle WITHIN a character’s mind usually occurs when a character has to
make a decision or to deal with feelings
Man Vs. Self
Theme
The underlying message in a story that deals with life or human nature
When determining theme, think about: The title the way a character changes and what
they learn Big ideas such as courage and freedom Theme can be stated directly or implied
Examples of Theme Love/Hate Death Nature Time Good over Evil Betrayal Courage Justice Self-Discovery FriendshipWhat’s the theme in The Ant and the
Grasshopper? ____________________________________
Dialogue:
Dialogue: conversation between two or more characters
Why Dialogue: Moves the action of a story Builds suspense Arouses reader interest Develops a character Establishes conflict Makes a character seem real
Example of Dialogue
“Potter attacked me, sir—”
“We attacked each other at the same time!” Harry shouted.
Allusion A reference made to a famous
person, place, or event. Readers must recognize the references
in order to be effective. Examples: The auto shop worker swept in like
Superman, repaired my tire in a flash, and rescued me from the roadside.
What does the allusion to Superman suggest?
_________________________________________________
Allusion
Allusions can refer to: Historical Events (Great Depression) Geographic Locations (The city that never
sleeps) Bible Verses (An eye for an eye) Mythology (Pandora’s Box/Hercules) Poems/Books (Achilles’ Heel) Stories Characters (He’s such a Scrooge) Music (King of Pop) Movies, Plays, or Art (Three Stooges)
Examples of Allusions
Cale is my Prince Charming. Kevin doesn’t do so well in math, but in art class
he’s a regular Picasso. Brain, remember to leave your library book in the
living room. If that book finds its way into the black hole in your bedroom, it will never find its way out!
He’s my Hercules; he rescued me from drowning. My husband is no Romeo; he’s not the roses and
chocolate kind of guy. We are all going to die. Nothing gold can stay. “Promise me that you will never change, that you
will stay gold, Ponyboy,” said Tom to his friend Joe.
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing: hints about what will happen in a story
Why Foreshadowing; Develops Plot Sets a mood of intrigue- what’s going to
happen next Prepares the reader for what is to comeWhat examples of foreshadowing are in Little
Red Riding Hood? What clues should Little Red have recognized to realize that her grandmother was not really her grandmother?
Foreshadowing Continued
“The clouds began to grow dark with mystery, the lights shuddered on and off, and my heart began pounding harder and faster.”
What does this foreshadow? ___________________________________________________
As the student began to misbehave, the teacher walked straight to her desk and picked up the phone.
What does this foreshadow? __________________________________________________
Flashback Flashback: an event that occurred
before the current events in a story
Why Flashback?Provides background information that
clarifies current actions in the story. 1. What are some of the reasons an author might
choose to use flashbacks instead of beginning at the start of a story and telling it chronologically?
2. What are some ways that flashbacks are accomplished in novels and short stories or movies and plays?