Electron Holography Proceedings of the International Workshop on

Electron Holography, Holiday Inn World's Fair, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, August 29 - 31,1994

Edited by

A. Tonomura Exploratory Researchfor Advanced Technology (ERATO)

Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC) and Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Saitama, Japan

L.F. Allard Oak Ridge National Laboratory

OakRidge, Tennessee, USA

G. Pozzi Department of Physics, University of Bologna

Bologna, Italy

D.C. Joy EM Facility, University of Tennessee

Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

Y.A. Ono Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)

Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC) and Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Saitama, Japan

1995

ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Tokyo

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IX

Preface v Photo vii Committees viii

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY

Progress in holographic interference electron microscopy A. Tonomura 1

Electron holography: State and experimental steps towards 0.1 nm with the СМЗО-Special Tübingen

H.Lichte 11

HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFERENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - TECHNIQUES-

Digital recording and processing of electron off-axis holography G. Ade 33

Observation of atomic surface potential by electron holography T. Tanji and K. Ishizuka 45

Phase-shifting techniques in electron holography Q. Ru 55

Holographic reconstruction methods M. Lehmann and H. Lichte 69

Real-time electron holography using a liquid-crystal panel J. Chen, T. Hirayama, G. Lai, T. Tanji, K. Ishizuka and A. Tonomura 81

Electron holographic computed tomography G. Lai, T. Hirayama, A. Fukuhara, K. Ishizuka, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 93

Practical electron holography: Applications of advanced hologram processing techniques to materials science problems

E. Völkl, L.F. Allard and B. Frost 103

X Contents

Retrieval of atomic displacements from reconstructed electron waves as an ill-posed inverse problem

K. Scheerschmidt and F. Knoll 117

HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFERENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - APPLICATIONS -

Interference- and Lorentz-image simulations of vortices in superconductors

G. Pozzi, J. E. Bonevich, K. Harada, H. Kasai, T. Matsuda, T. Yoshida and A. Tonomura 125

Magnetic field observation of vortices in superconductors by electron holography

J. E. Bonevich, K. Harada, H. Kasai, T. Matsuda, T. Yoshida, G. Pozzi and A. Tonomura 135

Holographic studies on magnetic phenomena in small regions T. Hirayama, J. Chen, Q. Ru, K. Ishizuka, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 145

Electron holography of magnetic and electric microfields G. Matteucci, M. Muccini and D. Cavalcoli 159

Holography of electrostatic fields B.G. Frost, L.F. Allard, E. Völkl and D.C. Joy 169

Quantitative applications of off-axis electron holography DJ. Smith, W.J. de Ruijter, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M.R. McCartney and J.K. Weiss 181

Electron holography of p-n junctions M.R. McCartney, B. Frost, R. Hull, M.R. Scheinfein, DJ. Smith and E. Voelkl 189

Electron holography of heterogeneous catalysts A.K. Datye, D.S. Kalakkad, E. Völkl and L.F. Allard 199

Electron holography in materials science X. Lin, V. Ravikumar, R.P. Rodrigues, N. Wilcox and V. P. Dravid 209

Contents xi

Electron holography applied to the study of fullerene materials L.F. Allard, E. Völkl, S. Subramoney and R.S. Ruoff 219

Transmission electron holography of polymer microstructure M. Libera, J. Ott and Y.C. Wang 231

Electron holographic observation of thin biological filaments K. Aoyama, G. Lai and Q. Ru 239

Fraunhofer in-line electron holography of small weak-phase objects T. Matsumoto, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 249

NEW TYPES OF ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY

State of the art of low-energy electron holography H.-W. Fink, H J. Kreuzer and H. Schmid 257

On the reconstruction of low voltage point projection holograms J.C.H. Spence, X. Zhang and W. Qian 267

Coherent electron diffraction and holography J.W. Steeds, P.A. Midgley, P. Spellward and R. Vincent 277

Modeling of convergent beam interferometry R.A. Herring and G. Pozzi 287

Interpreting the reconstructed object waves D. Van Dyck and M. Op de Beeck 297

Focal series wave function reconstruction in HRTEM M. Op de Beeck, D. Van Dyck and W. Coene 307

High-resolution tilted single-sideband holography K. Ishizuka 317

STEM holography of magnetic materials M. Mankos, P. de Haan, V. Kambersky, G. Matteucci, M.R. McCartney, Z. Yang, M.R. Scheinfein and J.M. Cowley 329

Amplitude-division electron holography Q. Ru 343

xii Contents

CLOSING ADDRESS

Concluding remarks

D.C. Joy 355

List of participants 357

Author index 367