ElectricityKyle, Jordan, CarsonElectricity OverviewWhat is Electricity?Uh, I dont know, bees?ElectrostaticsIt makes your hair stand up!CircuitsThey make our robot overlords happy!ApplicationsLike, using things and whatnot...

Electricity and Electrostatics

What are Electricity and Electrostatics?Electricity (and therefore Electrostatics) are simply the movement and polarization of electrons within a material.Polarization is the movement of electrons within a material in response to the influence of outside electrical fields.Electrical fields are areas of charged space around an object with active polarization or other electron movement.Laws of ElectrostaticsLaw of Electrostatics: Like charges repel, opposite charges attract.For example, positive charges repel other positive charges, but positive and negative charges attract one another.Law of Conservation of Charge: Charges cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.Therefore, an object can be charged, but a charge cannot be created or destroyed.Three Electrostatic Charging MethodsConductionA negatively charged body is touched to a polarized, neutral body, passing electrons and creating a negative charge in the neutral body.InductionA neutral body is polarized, and then grounded, passing electrons to the ground and creating a positive charge in the neutral body.FrictionA neutral conductor is rubbed against a negatively charged body, passing electrons and creating a negative charge.Coulombs LawCoulombs Law is an inverse square law giving the force of electrical attraction between two particles where q is charge, r is radius, and k is Coulombs Law Constant.

Important Electrostatic ThingsElectron Mass: 9.11 x 10^-31 kgProton Mass: 1.67 x 10^-27 kgLaw of Electrostatics.Law of Conservation of Charge.Colombs Law for the force of electrical attraction between particles.Circuits

CircuitsCircuits are made up of batteries, resistors, ammeters (to measure current) and volt meters (to measure voltage).Circuits can be connected in a series or in parallel.The Four Parts of Circuit ElectricityVoltage (V) Measured in Volts (V)Resistance (R) Measured in Ohms ()Current (I) Measured in Amperes (A)Power (P) Measured in Watts (W)Ohms LawOhms Law is essential to related the elements of circuitry to one another. We can relate power with P = I x V.

Series CircuitsIn series, current is conserved, and equal at all points on the circuit.Total resistance equals the sum of all resistors.

Parallel CircuitIn parallel, voltage is conserved, and equal at all points on the circuit. Total resistance equals the reciprocal of 1/Ra + 1/Rb + 1/Rc etc...

Important Circuit ThingsP = I x VV = I x RI = q/t (change in charge over change in time)R = /A (Resistivity times length over area)Rs = R1/Rp = 1/RI = Current, V = Voltage, R = Resistance, = Resistivity, - Length, A = area, q = ChargeApplicationsConsider a series circuit with a 12 Volt power core and three phasor banks of 4, 5, and 6 Ohms, in that order.What is the Resistance of the circuit?What is the Voltage on phasor bank 2?What would the Resistance be if the circuit were arranged in parallel?What is the total power output required to vaporize a Borg Cube, assuming its shields are functional?ApplicationsSolutions:4 + 5 + 6 = 15I = 12V/15 = .8A V = .8A x 5 = 41/Rtot = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6Rtot = 1 / (37/60) = 60/37 = 1.62Around 1 Captain Pacards worth.ApplicationsConsider a parallel circuit with a 18 Volt battery and two Cyberdyne Systems T-1000 model Terminators with resistances of 5 Ohms and 7 Ohms, respectively.What is the power of the circuit?What is the resistance of the circuit?What is the voltage at resistor 2?How did you manage to hook up the battery without being vaporized by the terminators advanced targeting systems?ApplicationsSolutions:P = I x V R = 1 / (12/35) = 2.92I = V / R = 1.16A P = 20.88W2.9212 Volts, voltage is conserved.Skill and good looks.ApplicationsConsider FrankenEric is connected in series to a resistor of 8 Ohms, and himself acts as a resistor of 2 Ohms.If 25 Volts are required to bring Eric to life, what does the voltage of the battery have to be?What would be the force of attraction between two particles at the top and bottom of Erics body, if that distance was 1.5 meters, and the particles had charges of 6nC and 4nC?ApplicationsSolutions:I = V/R I = 25V/2 = 12.5AV = I x R V = 12.5 x 10 = 125VFE = k (q1q2)/r2 FE = (9.0 x 109) ((6 x 10-9)(4 x 10-9))/(1.52)FE = 9.6 x 10-8 N x M2 / C2