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Electricity – Circuits

254

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Series/Parallel Circuit ......EM-8677

Recommended:

Replacement Bulbs (5 Pack) ................................................EM-8679

Hand-Crank Generator.........................................EM-8090 p.270 RLC Circuit ...................................................CI-6512

Resistor-Capacitor Circuit ............................................ SE-9791

Recommended:Basic Digital Multimeter ............................... SE-9786A p. 281 PASCO Stopwatch ......... ME-1234 p. 224 ScienceWorkshop Interface .................. p. 68-72Voltage Sensor................... CI-6503 p. 79 PASPORT Interface .......................................... p. 10-23Voltage/Current Sensor ........................................... PS-2115 p. 48

Series/Parallel CircuitEM-8677

PASCO’s Series/Parallel circuit is designed for use with the Hand-Crank Generator (EM-8090). The two 12 Volt bulbs can be wired in series or parallel. The two knife switches enable students to switch on one bulb or both bulbs.

This board offers a unique set of com po nents for demonstrating:

A Voltage/Current Phase Relationships

A RLC Resonance

A Non-Ohmic Characteristics. Components include resistors, capacitors and an inductor coil.

RLC CircuitCI-6512

The SE-9791 Resistor-Capacitor Circuit contains everything students need for studying resistor-capacitor circuits in the lab.

Experiment Manual Includes:Charging and Discharging Capacitors

Series RC Circuits

Parallel RC Circuits

Combinations of Series and Parallel RC Circuits.

A built-in battery (included) or external power supply can be used for experiments. A fuse protects components from overload. Two resistors and two capacitors are provided (one each soldered to the board). Unique spring connectors, the same as used on the Basic Electricity Laboratory (EM-8622) are used for easy component connection.

Measurements can be made either with a voltmeter and stopwatch (for graphing charge and discharge curves) ScienceWorkshop or PASPORT Interface with Voltage Sensors.

A 1000 µF capacitor charging and discharging through a 15 kΩ resistor.

Resistor-Capacitor CircuitSE-9791

Using the Hand-Crank Generator.

The 750 Interface can measure current and volt-age as well as provide power to the RLC Circuit.

Phase relationships between the voltage across the capacitor, resistor and inductor can be studied using DataStudio’s oscilloscope display.

Close the switch to add an extra branch and twice the load to the parallel circuit.

Bulbs are less bright when wired in a series circuit.

Electricity – Circuits

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A Durable, Easy-to-Use KitsA Explore Basic ElectronicsA Complete Lab Manual

Low VoltageTwo D batteries provide all the power needed (batteries not included).Unique Spring

ConnectorsTwist them, bend them, push on them: no damage done. These connectors will still hold components and wires securely.

Circuit Experiment BoardWith this board and the included components, students can build a variety of basic circuits, from resistors in series and parallel, to a simple amplifier.

Basic ElectricityEM-8622

Includes:Two Circuit Boards with the following features:Battery holders: (2)Resistor: (1) 3.3 Ω, 2 WLight sockets: (3) with 3 bulbs (#14)Potentiometer: (1) 25 Ω, 2 WSpring connectors: (32)Transistor socket: (1)Storage tube for holding components (components stay with the kit longer)

Components Package containing: Resistors: (23) (10 Ω - 220 kΩ, 5%, 1/2 W)Capacitors: (4) (100 µf, 330 µf)Diodes: (2)Transistors: (2)Wire leads: 22 gauge

These simple kits provide a strong foundation for future studies in electronics. They take students from the basics of Ohm’s Law through simple series and parallel circuit analysis, and into some elementary aspects of electronics where they will build circuits using capacitors, transistors and diodes. One kit per two students is recommended, giving each student his or her own circuit board.

Components Set

Typical Experiments

Check out the experiments at www.pasco.com

With Teacher’s Guide and Sample Data. 1. Getting Acquainted 2. Series vs. Parallel Circuits 3. Ohm’s Law 4. Resistances in Circuits 5. Voltages in Circuits 6. Currents in Circuits 7. Kirchhoff’s Rules (nodes and loops) 8. Capacitors in Circuits 9. Diodes 10. Transistors

Basic Electricity Laboratory (2 boards) ................................................... EM-8622 Required:“D” Cell Batteries (4-pack) .... PI-6602 Basic Digital Multimeters (2) .................................... SE-9786A p. 281 Replacement Supplies:Light Bulbs (#14, 25 pack)...... EM-8627 Electronic Components – Basic Electricity Lab ...................... EM-8663 Desktop Electricity Kit ......................................EM-8675

Innovative Physics Textbooks and PASCO Physics ProductsMatter & Interactions is a 2-volume textbook and curriculum by Ruth Chabay and Bruce Sherwood, published by Wiley & Sons. Intended for science and engineering students taking calculus-based introductory university physics. For more information on purchasing these textbooks, visit www.wiley.com.

Electric and Magnetic InteractionsElectric and Magnetic Interactions (Vol. 2 of 2) continues the emphasis on atomic-level descriptions and analysis and modeling physical systems. Electrostatics and circuit phenomena are treated as one integrated subject. The Desktop Electricity Kit allows students to carry out just-in- time desktop experiments on electrostatics, magnetism and circuits.

Desktop Electricity Kit EM-8675

When used in tandem with the Electric and Magnetic Interactions textbook, this kit provides students the conceptual tools to further their understanding of electric and magnetic interactions. While its components look simple, they provide hands-on opportunities for students to build powerful conceptual models.

Desktop Experiment Kit EM-8675 Includes:Capacitor 1F, 2.5 VResistor 47 Ω, 0.5 WResistor 100 Ω, 0.5 WLamp Holder T3-1/4 (qty 2)#48 Miniature Lamp 2.0 V, 0.6 A (qty 2)Incandescent Lamp 2.5 V, 0.3 A (qty 2)Battery HolderAlkaline Battery D-cell (qty 2)Bar Magnet (0.375” x 1”)Compass, Liquid Filled Wire-Red 22AWG (6 ft)Alligator Clip Leads (12”) (qty 7)Nichrome Wire #26 (18”)Nichrome Wire #30 (18”)

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Electricity – Basic Circuits

256

A Magnetic Connections

A Fiberboard Storage Case

A Includes Analog Components

A Magnetic Connections

A Locking Metal Storage Case

A Includes Wide Variety of Digital Components

MR 100 Analog BreadboardSE-9981

MR 200 Digital/Analog BreadboardSE-9982

Includes:Storage CaseMagnetic BreadboardPre-mounted Analog ComponentsMounted Sockets to Accept Customers Components

Includes:Locking Storage CaseMagnetic BreadboardPre-mounted Digital and Analog ComponentsMounted DIP Sockets to Accept Customers Components

MR 100 Analog Breadboard ............................................SE-9981 Required:9 V Battery

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MR 200 Digital/Analog Breadboard ............................................SE-9982 Required:9 V Battery

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The MR Board is a reusable magnetic breadboard that eliminates the need to solder or strip wires when constructing an electronic circuit. By using components that connect through magnetic attraction to the board students are able to quickly check and expand their ideas regarding electronics concepts.

Components are protected from damage and user provided components can be inserted in pre-mounted sockets.

Experiments:Basic CircuitsOhm’s LawParallel and Series CircuitsShort CircuitKirchhoff’s LawBias Circuits

RC and RL Circuits

Experiments:Basic CircuitsParallel and Series CircuitsShort CircuitKirchhoff’s LawBias CircuitsRC and RL CircuitsBasic GatesCombinational GatesBoolean ExpressionsDe Morgan’s TheoremsDuality of Logic FunctionBinary System

Half AdderFull AdderHalf SubtractorFull SubtractorMagnitude ComparatorDecoderEncoderMultiplexDemultiplexSeven SegmentsClipperClamper

RS LatchRS Flip-FlopsJK Flip-FlopsD Flip-FlopsShift RegisterTimerSynchronous Sequential CircuitAsynchronous Sequential CircuitCounter Schmidt TriggerMultivibrator

The MR Board is a reusable magnetic breadboard that eliminates the need to solder or strip wires when constructing an electronic circuit. By using components that connect through magnetic attraction to the board, students are able to quickly check and expand their knowledge of electronics concepts.

Components are protected from damage. DIP sockets are provided to allow users to insert their own devices.

Plastic Coverover ferromagnetic strips has holes to

guide the magnets on the components.

Magnetmakes the electrical

connection to the conducting strips.Components are securely mounted

to the special magnetic holder.

Components are stored on

a separate labeled board.

Basic Electricity

257

A Stand-Alone Operation

A Computer Compatible

A Includes Coil and Iron Core

AC/DC Electronics LaboratoryEM-8656

The EM-8656 AC/DC Electronics Laboratory dynamically teaches the basics of AC/DC circuits. Students can use this kit with a ScienceWorkshop Computer Interface and Power Amplifier or as a stand-alone unit. The storage tray holds all included components, reducing the chance of losing capacitors, resistors, etc. Two D batteries are required for stand-alone use (not included).

Includes:18 cm x 25 cm circuit boardResistors (24) (4.7 Ω–220 kΩ, 5%, 0.25-5 W)Capacitors (7) (1 µF – 330 µF)Diodes (6), Transistors (2) and LEDs (4)Wire leads (22 gauge)Push button switchStorage tray and laboratory manualBattery holders (2)Light sockets (3) and lamps (3)25 Ω, 2 W potentiometer (1)Component connectors (36)Transistor socket (1)8.2 to 19 mH coil and iron core

Experiments

The AC/DC Electronics Laboratory can be used as a stand-alone electricity learning center.

Students study how the resistance of a light bulb filament changes as it heats up. The graph below displays voltage vs. current for an incandescent light bulb. It is clear that the resistance is not linear but changes as the bulb begins to glow.

Using DataStudio and a Voltage Sensor, students can measure the electromotive force (EMF) created when a magnet is dropped through a coil. By integrating the voltage-time graph, students can also measure the changes in magnetic flux created by the magnet.

AC/DC Electronics Laboratory ..............................................EM-8656 Electronic Components – AC/DC Electricity ...........................EM-8668

Check out the experiments at www.pasco.com

Battery Holder

Light Bulbs and SocketsPush Button Switch

Component SpringsHold circuit components securely.

Potentiometer

Coil

Banana JacksFor computer connection.

Iron Core

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Electricity – Reinventing Science Kits

258

Reinventing Edison: Build Your Own Light BulbSE-7145

Reinventing Morse: Build Your Own TelegraphSE-7146

A Experiment with different filaments

A Discover how vacuum effects light bulb

A Durable components last for years

A Build a Working Telegraph

A Explore Electrical Topics with Real Activities

A Learn Morse Code

Includes:Safety Vacuum ChamberHand Vacuum PumpFilament Materials (including tungsten and carbon)Test Leads28 Page Instruction ManualStorage Box

Includes:Coil BobbinsTelegraph Key100’ Hookup WireTest Leads24 Page Instruction ManualStorage Box

Reinventing Edison: Build Your Own Light Bulb .....................................................SE-7145 Light Bulb Refurbishment Kit .............................SE-7147

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Reinventing Morse: Build Your Own Telegraph .......................................SE-7146 Required: 6 V Lantern Battery, 9 V, or two D Cells

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The Reinventing Edison Kit gives students the ability to experiment in just the way Edison did. They can use any one of the filament materials included to find out how the filament material impacts current flow, filament heating and light emission. The role that vacuum plays in filament life, and the color of light emitted from different filaments expand the learning opportunity to many different topics in science.

The Reinventing Morse Kit includes everything needed to build a working telegraph. Students build a solenoid and explore the relationship between current and magnetic field strength and extend into building a sounder, buzzer and relay. With multiple kits in the classroom a working telegraph system can be built and messages sent from one station to another.

Students explore how a vacuum affects the life of a light bulb they constructed from a plastic cylinder and various filaments.

Students wind their own coils to construct a telegraph. They also learn Morse Code and how to connect simple circuits.

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1

2

Order Information:The KitsEach CASTLE Kit includes all the materials needed (except for three D batteries) for two students to work through a complete introduction to basic electricity. Each Economy CASTLE Kit includes all the materials needed (except batteries) for eight students.

Materials Included in Each KitComponent CASTLE Economy Kit Kit25,000 µF capacitor 1 4 (20 volts, nonpolar)#14 light bulbs (round) 4 25#48 light bulbs (oblong) 6 2510 Ohm resistor 4 16Miniature light bulb 4 16 sockets and standsWires with alligator clips 10 40Battery holder 1 4 (spring-loaded)High-Quality compass 1 4Storage box 1 0

Typical Experiments

View the experiments at www.pasco.com

Core Curriculum investigates: 1. What is happening in the wires? 2. What do the bulbs do to moving

charge? 3. Where does the moving charge

originate? 4. What makes charge move in a

circuit? 5. How do wires distribute electric

pressure in a circuit? 6. How are values of circuit variables

measured?Advanced Curriculum investigates: 7. Does all matter contain charge?

What are electrons? 8. What is the cause of distant action

effects? 9. What pushes on tiny charge carriers

like electrons? 10. How do semiconductors work?

What is AC? 11. How do motors and generators

work? 12. How are magnetic and

electromagnetic fields produced?

The Mini Generator (1) enables students to distinguish charge circulation from energy transfer. The 100,000 µf Capacitor (2) lengthens the time scale of transient bulb lighting.

Auxiliary Equipment for Core Curriculum

Auxiliary Equipment for Advanced Curriculum

Bi-color LEDs detect electric vectors in electromagnetic fields produced in these coils (3) by accelerating charge when current is turned on and turned off.

3

CASTLE Kit ...................................EM-8624A Batteries not included. Three “D” batteries are required per kit.Economy CASTLE Kit .......EM-8654 Batteries not included. 12 “D” batteries are required per kit.

Recommended: (1) Mini Generator ..............SE-8645 p. 270 (2) Capacitor (0.1 F) ..........EM-8655 (Minimum of 2 each per class)

(3) Primary and Secondary Coils ....................SE-8653 p. 272 (Minimum of 2 each per advanced class)

Replacement Supplies:We recommend the purchase of one EM-8627 and one EM-8628 spare bulb set for every five CASTLE Kits, or for every Economy CASTLE Kit.

Light Bulbs (#14, 25 pack).............. EM-8627 Light Bulbs (#48, 25 pack) ............. EM-8628 Light Bulb Sockets (10 pack) ...... EM-8630 D cell batteries (4 pack) ................... PI-6602 Light bulbs (#50, 4 pack) and Sockets (2 pack) ........................... EM-9099 Liquid-Filled Compasses (5 pack) ............................. EM-8631A Capacitors (0.025 F, 2 pack).......... EM-8632

Download the Manuals FREE. Download the CASTLE Curriculum Guide for FREE. At www.pasco.com just type CASTLE in the search box and click GO!

The teacher’s manual helps teachers put the CASTLE Kits to the best possible use. The student manual has investigations for each stated experiment, plus commentaries to prepare students for labs and summary exercises to reinforce the lab experience.

The Curriculum Guide

Battery HolderSecurely holds batteries and yet makes them visible so their function within the circuit is evident.

Miniature Light Bulbs

Different shaped bulbs have

different resistance

values.

25,000 µf CapacitorProvides the foundation for this intuitive introduction to current electricity.

High-Quality CompassNon-invasive monitoring of movement in wires enables

students to visualize the direction of charge flow.

Screw Sockets and StandsStands provide a sturdy support for bulbs and are easy to quickly connect into a circuit. Wires with Alligator Clips

These 10 color-differentiated wires make circuit connections quick and easy—

no soldering or wire twisting required.

CASTLE is a high school electricity curriculum that leads students from initial naive ideas to an increasingly expert understanding of electrical phenomena. A sequence of self-guided experiments uses large capacitors and transient bulb lighting to help students confront misconceptions, grasp the physics of current propulsion and build intuitive explanatory models.

CASTLE “2005” Curriculum

CASTLE Kit (for 2 Students) EM-8624A

Economy CASTLE Kit (for 8 Students) EM-8654

A Complete Electricity CurriculumA Redesigned Sections to Facilitate Beginning CASTLE

Curriculum in Grade 8 or 9

Capacitor-Aided System for Teaching and Learning ElectricityCarbon ResistorsThese impede flow similar to low resistance bulbs, but don’t glow and divert attention to role as energy sinks.

The CASTLE™ Approach

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Electronic Circuit Components

260

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Series/Parallel Battery Holder (10 pack) ..................................SE-8799 Recommended:Light Bulbs (#14, 25 pack)...........................................................................EM-8627 Light Bulb Sockets (10 pack) ...................................................................EM-8630 Alligator Clip Leads (set of 10) .............................................................EM-8634

Series/Parallel Battery Holder SE-8799 (10 pack)

This unique battery holder allows “D” cell batteries to be easily connected in both Series and Parallel. Metal extensions on both sides of the holder are also convenient for use with alligator clips.

Series – Use the snaps to connect the batteries end to end.

Parallel – Use the metal slides to use the batteries side by side. Switch Set

EM-8815 (6 pack)

Switch Set (6 pack) ............................................................................................EM-8815

Light Bulbs

Light Bulb and StandEM-9099

Light Bulbs 2.5 V, 0.3 A (25 pack #14) ..................................EM-8627 2.0 V, 0.6 A (25 pack #48) ..................................EM-8628 7.5 V, 0.22 A (25 pack #50) ................................EM-8814

Light & Socket ........................................................................................................EM-9099

Light Bulb SocketsEM-8630

Light Sockets (10 pack) .................................................................................EM-8630

Miniature socket has a plastic base with spring loaded metal clips to hold wire leads. Accepts screw type miniature bulbs. Includes two sockets and four #50 7.5 V, 0.22A bulbs.

Miniature socket has a plastic base with spring loaded metal clips to hold wire leads. Accepts screw type miniature bulbs. Includes ten sockets.

EM-8627: 2.5 V, 0.3 A bulbs. Contains 25 bulbs.EM-8628: 2.0 V, 0.6 A bulbs. Contains 25 bulbs.EM-8814: 7.5 V, 0.22 A bulbs. Contains 25 bulbs.

Screw type base, suitable for use with EM-8630 Sockets.

Circuit ComponentsUse these stand-alone components to build your own circuits.

Investigate series and parallel combinations of bulbs and batteries using components detailed below.

This single-pole single-throwknife switch has screw terminals and a Bakelite™ base. Through-holes allow for mounting base to another surface.

Electricity – Supplies

261

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Resistor Pack ..............................................................................................................EM-8784 Capacitor Pack..........................................................................................................EM-8785

Resistors and Capacitors Assortment of electrical components including 10 each of the following:

Capacitors Resistors

10 Ω, 100 Ω, 330 Ω, 560 Ω, 1000 Ω, 3300 Ω, 10 kΩ, 22 kΩ, 100 kΩ, 220 kΩ, 330 kΩ.

Resistor PackEM-8784

Capacitor PackEM-87851 µF, 10 µF, 47 µF, 100 µF, 330 µF, 470 µF.

SE-9750, SE-9751: 75 cm long (assembled), available in red or black.

Alligator Clip Adapters (set of 10) ...................................................SE-9756

Convert banana plugs into alligator clips with this set of 10 adapters. The 4 mm banana plug clips are bright tin-plated steel. Includes five red and five black.

For use with both regular and shielded banana plugs.

Includes five red and five black adapters.

Use these 30 cm long Alligator Clip Leads for almost any application — from hooking up instruments to bread boarding circuits. They come in sets of 10: two each of yellow, white, red, green and black.

Alligator Clip LeadsEM-8634 (10 pack)

Alligator Clip Leads (set of 10) ............................................................EM-8634

Banana Plug Cord Sets30 cm and 75 cm Lengths

Alligator Clip AdaptersSE-9756 (10 pack)

Spade-to-Banana AdaptersEM-8629 (10 pack)

Batteries AA (4 pack) .........................................................................PI-6601 D (4 pack) .............................................................................PI-6602 C (4 pack) ..............................................................................PI-6603

Batteries PI-6601 AA (4 pack)PI-6602 D (4 pack) PI-6603 C (4 pack)

These heavy, insulated patch cords are convenient, durable and inexpensive. The grips are stackable and made of soft plastic for flexible strain relief. Springs connectors rotate in the grips, reducing wear due to friction.

Red (set of 5)...............................................................................................................SE-9750 Black (set of 5) ..........................................................................................................SE-9751

Capacitors EM-8655 (0.1 F)EM-8632 (0.025 F)SE-8626 (1.0 F)

Capacitors (0.1 F) .........................................................................................EM-8655 (0.025 F) (2 pack) .........................................................EM-8632 (1.0 F) .........................................................................................SE-8626

Each pack contains four alkaline batteries.

SE-7123: 30 cm long (assembled), two each red, yellow, blue, black.

Short Patch Cords (set of 8) ....................................................................SE-7123

Spade-to-Banana Adapter (10 pack) .............................................EM-8629

EM-8655: (0.1 F) Electrolytic, bipolar, 10 Volt capacitor with screwterminals, 4.5 cm diameter, 14 cm long.EM-8632: (0.025 F) Electrolytic, bipolar, 25 Volt capacitor with screw terminals, 5 cm diameter, 8 cm long. Contains two capacitors.SE-8626: (1.0 F) Electrolytic, bipolar, 5 Volt capacitor, 4.5 cmdiameter, 1.5 cm tall.

Long Patch Cords

Short Patch Cords

0.1 F

1.0 F

0.025 F

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Electricity – Resistance

262

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Resistance ApparatusEM-8812

A Slide-Wire Potentiometer

A Measure Resistance and Resistivity

A Four wire diameters, five wire materials

A current is established in a wire of known diameter, and the voltage drop across a section of the wire is measured. Students can calculate the resistance of the wire and the resistivity of the material.

FeaturesVary wire length: Slide-wire potentiometer pick-up makes it easy. Use the built-in scale to measure the length of the wire.

Vary wire diameter: Four different diameters of brass wire are included. Investigate the difference between resistance and resistivity. Interchange wires quickly and easily.

Vary wire material: Five different material wires are included. Investigate how resistivity depends on the wire material.

Storage: Built-in storage tray holds wires.

Resistance Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................... EM-8812

Recommended:

Galvanometer Sensor .................................................................................................................................... PS-2160 p. 48

Replacement Wires ............................................................................................................................................ EM-8813

Connection to DC power supply

Includes two each of the following (30 cm long) wires:Copper (1.0 mm diameter)Aluminum (1.0 mm diameter)Stainless Steel (1.0 mm diameter)Nichrome (1.0 mm diameter)Brass (0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.3 mm diameter)

Graph shows voltage drop across various lengths for three different material wires. The slope of the line (along with wire diameter and current) is used to calculate the resistivity of the material.

Connection to Galvanometer

For the experiment shown, the GLX Power Amplifier produces a 10 second voltage ramp to apply a varying current through a brass wire. The current is measured directly by the Power Amplifier, and the voltage drop over the selected section of wire is measured by the Galvanometer Sensor. A graph of voltage drop vs. current is created, and the slope of this line is the resistance of that length of wire. See pages 10-14 for more information on the GLX and Power Amplifier.

Slide wire probeSpring-loaded wire probe slides easily along the wire, making contact at a single point.

Wire storage

tray

Sample wireWires are held securely and straight by the wire guides and lugs.

Built-in cm scale and slide wire probe make it easy to measure the voltage drop across various wire lengths.

The Resistance Apparatus has a slide wire probe to easily change the measured length of the wire, and utilizes a four wire hook-up to accurately measure the voltage drop. It comes with four different brass wire diameters and four other wire materials.

Electricity – Hydrogen Fuel Cell

263

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Hyrunner Hydrogen CarSE-7341

A Uses Distilled Water as a Hydrogen Source

A Top Speed of 20 cm/s

A Ready to Drivein Minutes

PASCO’s Hyrunner Hydrogen Car is an outstanding example of a promising energy source for the future. The hydrogen fuel cell is an amazing device that combines hydrogen with oxygen to produce water and energy. Hydrogen fuel cells boast an efficiency that is roughly twice that of internal combustion engines.

The energy from a fuel cell can be used to do work on any system. In the case of the Hyrunner, the energy is used to move the car across the floor at a maximum speed of 20 cm/s. The Hyrunner is well-constructed,

Includes:Hyrunner Car

Power Supply

Two Gas Collection Chambers

How it WorksA Place distilled water into the two storage

tanks to force any air out of the gas col-lection chambers.

A Next, plug the included power supply into the hydrogen fuel cell. Using the energy from the power supply, the water in the storage tanks is electrolyzed, cre-ating both hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Hyrunner .........................................................SE-7341

Solar CellWater

Electrolyzer

Hydrogen Storage Tank

Fuel CellFan

2H20

02

4e-

4e-

2H2

2H2 4H+ + 4e-

PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane

4H+ + 4e-+ 02 2H20

Specifications

Dimensions: 15 cm x 53 cm x 18 cmSolar Cell: 2.5 V, 300 mAFuel Cell Voltage Range: 0.3-0.9 VFan Power: 20 mW

Hydrogen Fuel CellSE-8573

A hydrogen fuel cell is a clean and efficient way of storing energy and generating electricity. With this Hydrogen Fuel Cell, students see a real-world example of cutting-edge energy technology.

Electricity from the solar panel is used in the process of electrolysis to split water into oxygen and hydrogen.

The hydrogen is used as fuel in the fuel cell. The process that takes place in the fuel cell is the opposite of electrolysis: the hydrogen is combined with oxygen to make water and produce electricity.

In this demonstration, the electricity produced by the fuel cell is used to oper-ate a fan. The fuel cell has an efficiency of about 50%.

This apparatus uses Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology. A PEM is a proton-conducting polymer membrane that is covered with a layer of catalyst material on both sides. These two layers form the cell’s cathode and anode. One PEM is used to separate the hydrogen from the water, and a second PEM is used to re-combine the hydrogen with oxygen to make water.

The fuel cell contains a Proton Exchange Membrane which facilitates energy

production.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell ............................................................................................................................................. SE-8573

Recommended for use with ScienceWorkshop:

Voltage Sensor......................................................................................................................................................... CI-6503 p. 79

Current Sensor......................................................................................................................................................... CI-6556 p. 79

Recommended for use with PASPORT:

Voltage/Current Sensor................................................................................................................................. PS-2115 p. 48

A The hydrogen and oxygen accumulate in their respective tanks. Since there are two hydrogen atoms for each oxy-gen atom in a water molecule, twice as much hydrogen gas is collected. The hydrogen gas collection tank will fill completely in about two minutes.

A Disconnect the power supply and the Hyrunner is ready to hit the road!

with all components visible for student inspection and a more thorough understanding of its workings.

Reversible Fuel Cell

Distilled Water

Safety Glasses

Instruction Books