ELECTRICAL SAFETY LINTEX

ELECTRICAL SAFETY ELECTRICAL SAFETY AWARENESS AWARENESS

TRAININGTRAININGLINTEX INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, OULWATEDO LINTEX INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, OULWATEDO

VILLAGE, OFF LAGOS-IBADAN EXPRESSWAY, VILLAGE, OFF LAGOS-IBADAN EXPRESSWAY, MOWE, LAGOS.MOWE, LAGOS.

TRAINING OUTLINETRAINING OUTLINE• PurposePurpose

• Basic Concepts of ElectricityBasic Concepts of Electricity

• Hazard RecognitionHazard Recognition

• Effects of Electricity on the Human BodyEffects of Electricity on the Human Body

• Electrical Hazard ProtectionElectrical Hazard Protection

• How to Respond/Report a ProblemHow to Respond/Report a Problem

• Supervisor ResponsibilitiesSupervisor Responsibilities

• Employee ResponsibilitiesEmployee Responsibilities

PURPOSEPURPOSE

• Raise your awareness to potential electrical hazards.Raise your awareness to potential electrical hazards.

• Instruct you on how to recognize electrical hazards.Instruct you on how to recognize electrical hazards.

• Provide ways to eliminate, remove, and prevent electrical hazards in the Provide ways to eliminate, remove, and prevent electrical hazards in the workplace.workplace.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY

• Electricity is the flow of Electricity is the flow of electrons (current) through a electrons (current) through a conductor.conductor.

• Requires a source of power: Requires a source of power: usually a generating station.usually a generating station.

• Travels in a closed circuit.Travels in a closed circuit.

• When you become part of the When you become part of the circuit, the injury may be fatal.circuit, the injury may be fatal.

HAZARD RECOGNITIONHAZARD RECOGNITION

• Cords & EquipmentCords & Equipment

• Power tools and Power tools and

extension cords must extension cords must

be inspected each time be inspected each time

they are used. they are used.

• They must be taken out They must be taken out

of service immediately of service immediately

upon discovery of worn upon discovery of worn

or broken insulation.or broken insulation.


• Cords & EquipmentCords & Equipment

• Visually inspect electrical equipment before each use for Visually inspect electrical equipment before each use for damage and/or external defects such as loose, missing or damage and/or external defects such as loose, missing or deformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets or deformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets or insulation. This type of external damage may indicate insulation. This type of external damage may indicate internal damage to the equipment. internal damage to the equipment.

• Electrical cords that are worn or damaged must be replaced Electrical cords that are worn or damaged must be replaced without delay. without delay.

• Before cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplug Before cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplug it.it.


• Electrical PanelsElectrical Panels

• Electric panels must be Electric panels must be

kept clear of any kept clear of any

obstructions at all obstructions at all

times.times.


• Trip HazardsTrip Hazards

• Don’t cause tripping Don’t cause tripping hazards or create pinch hazards or create pinch points for cords.points for cords.

• If you must run a cord If you must run a cord temporarily across the temporarily across the floor, protect your co-floor, protect your co-workers by covering workers by covering the cord appropriately.the cord appropriately.


• Exposed WiringExposed Wiring

• Assume all exposed Assume all exposed

wiring is energized wiring is energized

until proven otherwise.until proven otherwise.

• Stop, protect the area, Stop, protect the area,

and contact supervision and contact supervision

if you encounter this if you encounter this

situation.situation.


• Power StripsPower Strips

• Never daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging into Never daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging into

each other)each other)


• Junction boxes, pull boxes, Junction boxes, pull boxes,

and fittings must have and fittings must have

approved covers in place.approved covers in place.

• Unused openings in Unused openings in

cabinets, boxes, and cabinets, boxes, and

fittings must be closed (no fittings must be closed (no

missing knockouts).missing knockouts).

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODYTHE HUMAN BODY

• The four major types of electrical injuries are:The four major types of electrical injuries are:• DirectDirect

• ElectrocutionElectrocution

• Electrical ShockElectrical Shock

• Burns Burns

• IndirectIndirect

• FallsFalls

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: THE HUMAN BODY: ELECTRICAL SHOCKELECTRICAL SHOCK

• Received when current passes Received when current passes through the body.through the body.

• Severity of the shock depends Severity of the shock depends on:on:

• Path of current through Path of current through the body.the body.

• Amount of current Amount of current flowing through the flowing through the body.body.

• Length of time the Length of time the body is in the circuit.body is in the circuit.


• Range of currents lasting 1 second will illicit the following reactions: Range of currents lasting 1 second will illicit the following reactions:

• 1 milliamp1 milliamp• Just a faint tingle.Just a faint tingle.

• 5 milliamps5 milliamps• Slight shock felt. Most people can let go.Slight shock felt. Most people can let go.

• 6-30 milliamps6-30 milliamps• Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the

range were “freezing current” starts. It may not be range were “freezing current” starts. It may not be possible to let go.possible to let go.


• 50-150 milliamps50-150 milliamps

• Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest, (breathing Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest, (breathing

stops) and severe muscle contractions. Death is possible.stops) and severe muscle contractions. Death is possible.

• 1,000-4,300 milliamps (1-4.3 amps)1,000-4,300 milliamps (1-4.3 amps)

• Arrhythmic heart pumping action, muscles contract, and Arrhythmic heart pumping action, muscles contract, and

nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.

• 10,000+ milliamps (10 amps)10,000+ milliamps (10 amps)

• Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: THE HUMAN BODY: ELECTRICAL SHOCKELECTRICAL SHOCK• The longer the exposure, the increased danger of shock to the victim.The longer the exposure, the increased danger of shock to the victim.

• Low voltage can be extremely dangerous because the degree of injury Low voltage can be extremely dangerous because the degree of injury

depends not only on the current, but on the length of time in contact depends not only on the current, but on the length of time in contact

with the circuit.with the circuit.

• Example:Example:

• A current of 100mA applied for 3 seconds is as A current of 100mA applied for 3 seconds is as

dangerous as 900mA applied for 0.03 seconds. dangerous as 900mA applied for 0.03 seconds.

• Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard.Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard.


• High voltages lead to additional injuries such High voltages lead to additional injuries such as:as:• Violent muscular contractionsViolent muscular contractions• Muscle contractions may cause bone fractures Muscle contractions may cause bone fractures

from either contractions themselves or from from either contractions themselves or from falls.falls.

• Internal bleeding, destruction of tissues, nerves and Internal bleeding, destruction of tissues, nerves and muscles.muscles.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: THE HUMAN BODY: ELECTRICAL BURNSELECTRICAL BURNS

• The most common shock related, nonfatal injury is a burn.The most common shock related, nonfatal injury is a burn.

• Burns caused by electricity may be of three types:Burns caused by electricity may be of three types:

• Electrical burnsElectrical burns

• Arc burnsArc burns

• Thermal contact burns Thermal contact burns

• Electrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.Electrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: THE HUMAN BODY: ELECTRICAL BURNSELECTRICAL BURNS

• Electrical burns occur when a person Electrical burns occur when a person

touches electrical wiring or equipment touches electrical wiring or equipment

that is used or maintained improperly.that is used or maintained improperly.

• Typically such burns occur on the Typically such burns occur on the

hands.hands.

• Clothing may catch on fire and a Clothing may catch on fire and a

thermal burn may result for the heat of thermal burn may result for the heat of

the fire.the fire.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: ARC-BLASTTHE HUMAN BODY: ARC-BLAST

• An arc-blast is a luminous An arc-blast is a luminous

electrical discharge that occurs electrical discharge that occurs

when high voltages exist across when high voltages exist across

a gap between conductors and a gap between conductors and

current travels through the air.current travels through the air.

• Temperatures as high as 35,000 Temperatures as high as 35,000

F have been reached in arc-F have been reached in arc-

blasts.blasts.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY: FALLSTHE HUMAN BODY: FALLS

• Electric shock can also cause Electric shock can also cause

indirect injuries. indirect injuries.

• Workers in elevated locations Workers in elevated locations

who experience a shock may who experience a shock may

fall, resulting in serious injury or fall, resulting in serious injury or

death.death.

ELECTRICAL HAZARD ELECTRICAL HAZARD PROTECTIONSPROTECTIONS

• InsulationInsulation

• GroundingGrounding

• GuardingGuarding

• Electrical protective devicesElectrical protective devices

• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

• Safe work practices Safe work practices


• InsulationInsulation• Plastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.Plastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.

• Insulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people thus Insulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people thus

protecting them form electrical shock.protecting them form electrical shock.


• GroundingGrounding • Grounding is another Grounding is another

method of protecting method of protecting

you from electric you from electric

shock. shock.

• However, it is normally However, it is normally

a secondary protective a secondary protective

measure. measure.


• Grounding Grounding

• The "ground" refers to a conductive body, usually the earth, and means a The "ground" refers to a conductive body, usually the earth, and means a

conductive connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an conductive connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an

electric circuit or equipment is connected to earth or the ground plane. electric circuit or equipment is connected to earth or the ground plane.

• By "grounding" a tool or electrical system, a low-resistance path to the By "grounding" a tool or electrical system, a low-resistance path to the

earth is intentionally created.earth is intentionally created.


• GuardingGuarding

• A type of isolation that A type of isolation that

uses various structures to uses various structures to

close off live electrical close off live electrical

parts.parts.

• These structures include:These structures include:

• BoxesBoxes

• ScreensScreens

• CoversCovers

• PartitionsPartitions


• Fuses and Circuit BreakersFuses and Circuit Breakers

• Fuses and circuit breakers are intended primarily Fuses and circuit breakers are intended primarily

for the protection of conductors and equipment. for the protection of conductors and equipment.

• They prevent over-heating of wires and components They prevent over-heating of wires and components

that might otherwise create hazards for operators. that might otherwise create hazards for operators.

• They also open the circuit under certain hazardous They also open the circuit under certain hazardous

ground-fault conditions. ground-fault conditions.


• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

• Foot protectionFoot protection

• Footwear will be marked Footwear will be marked

“EH” if it’s approved for “EH” if it’s approved for

electrical work.electrical work.

• EH = Electrical HazardEH = Electrical Hazard

• Footwear must be kept Footwear must be kept

dry, even if it is marked dry, even if it is marked

“EH”“EH”


• Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment• Head protectionHead protection• Hard hat (insulated - Hard hat (insulated -

nonconductive)nonconductive)

• Class B & E.Class B & E.

• Always wear your hat Always wear your hat with the bill forward.with the bill forward.

• Do not store anything Do not store anything in the top of your hat in the top of your hat while wearing it.while wearing it.


• Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment• Hand protectionHand protection• Rubber insulating gloves.Rubber insulating gloves.

• Classified by the level of Classified by the level of voltage and protection they voltage and protection they provide.provide.

• Should always be worn over Should always be worn over rubber insulating gloves to rubber insulating gloves to provide the mechanical provide the mechanical protection needed against cuts, protection needed against cuts, abrasions, and puncturesabrasions, and punctures. .


• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment• Use, store and maintain your electrical PPE in a safe, reliable condition.Use, store and maintain your electrical PPE in a safe, reliable condition.

• Wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head Wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head

injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized

parts. parts.

• Wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of Wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of

injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying

objects resulting from electrical explosion.objects resulting from electrical explosion.


• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment• Electrical PPE with any of the following defects Electrical PPE with any of the following defects

may not be used:may not be used:• If holes, tears, punctures, or cuts are present.If holes, tears, punctures, or cuts are present.

• Texture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, or Texture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or inelastic.becoming sticky or inelastic.

• An embedded foreign object.An embedded foreign object.

• Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.

WORK PRACTICESWORK PRACTICES

• Lock out and Tag out circuits and equipment.Lock out and Tag out circuits and equipment.

• Shut off the circuit.Shut off the circuit.

• Lock and tag out the circuit at the distribution panel.Lock and tag out the circuit at the distribution panel.

• Test the circuit to make sure it’s de-energized. Test the circuit to make sure it’s de-energized.

• Using appropriate personal protective equipmentUsing appropriate personal protective equipment• Wear safety glasses to avoid eye injury.Wear safety glasses to avoid eye injury.• Wear proper foot protection.Wear proper foot protection.• Wear a hard hat.Wear a hard hat.• Follow the manufacturer’s directions for cleaning/maintaining PPE.Follow the manufacturer’s directions for cleaning/maintaining PPE.

WORK PRACTICESWORK PRACTICES

• Do not work in wet conditions.Do not work in wet conditions.• Avoid overhead power lines.Avoid overhead power lines.• Use proper wiring and connectorsUse proper wiring and connectors

• Avoid overloading circuits.Avoid overloading circuits.• Make sure switches and insulation are in good condition.Make sure switches and insulation are in good condition.• Never use a three prong plug with the third prong broken off.Never use a three prong plug with the third prong broken off.

HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A PROBLEMPROBLEM

• Do not panic; remain calmDo not panic; remain calm• In the event of a personal injury:In the event of a personal injury:

• Call 911 immediatelyCall 911 immediately• If a person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricityIf a person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricity• Do not touch someone being shockedDo not touch someone being shocked• Remove the person away from the electrical source using a non-Remove the person away from the electrical source using a non-

conductive materialconductive material• Notify your supervisorNotify your supervisor

HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A PROBLEMPROBLEM

• In the event of an electrical fire:In the event of an electrical fire:• Activate the fire alarm systemActivate the fire alarm system• Do not use a Type A, water extinguisherDo not use a Type A, water extinguisher• If you know how to use an extinguisher, use a COIf you know how to use an extinguisher, use a CO22 or dry chemical fire or dry chemical fire

extinguisherextinguisher• Alert everyone in the area to evacuateAlert everyone in the area to evacuate• If you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, leave the area and close If you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, leave the area and close

any doors behind you any doors behind you • Wait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arriveWait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arrive

LAST WORDS!!!LAST WORDS!!!

• IF AT ALL IN DOUBT, ASK IF AT ALL IN DOUBT, ASK

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

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ELECTRICAL SAFETY LINTEX