Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Electrical Engineering Short Courses 2019 70% - 90% SkillsFuture funding is available to eligible Singaporeans and PRs*
SIT@Dover, Auditorium, 10 Dover Drive S (138683)
This series of 6 Electrical Engineering courses are specially designed for practicing engineers and technologists who are keen to upgrade and gain new skills. These courses are also suitable for young engineers preparing for professional examinations. Each course comprises intensive 3 days of lectures, tutorials and sharing/demonstration sessions. The underlying theoretical principles in specific areas and the latest code requirements are illustrated through various examples and case studies drawn mainly from the instructor’s consulting work.
No Course Date (2019)
1 Design of Electrical Installation 15 to 17 Jul
2 Electric Motors and Variable Speed Drives 19 to 21 Aug
3 Protection Against Lightning 16 to 18 Sep
4 Power System Harmonics 7 to 9 Oct
5 Earthing and Bonding Design 18 to 20 Nov
6 Protection of Industrial Power Systems 16 to 18 Dec
Er. Dr Lock Kai Sang Professor (Engineering), Singapore Institute of Technology
BSc PhD FSEng Hon FIES SFAAET FIET FICS FSIArb CEng ACPE PEng PBM
Professor Lock has a unique blend of practicing and academic experience acquired through a career which is equally split between the industry and the academia. He has conducted many CPD courses over the past 20 years, including CP5, both for public and in-house training. His key strength is the fusion of practical examples with fundamental principles.
He received his B.Sc. (1st Class Honours) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 1975 from the University of Strathclyde, UK. He completed his Ph.D. degree at the same university in 1979 researching on the design optimization of electrical machines. He joined the National University of Singapore as a lecturer in 1980 and was the Head of its Power and Machines Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, when he left in 1997 to set up his consulting practice. He has authored over 200 consultancy reports, mainly in power quality and reliability, lightning and surge protection, EMC, failure analysis, and design for mission-critical facility. After 19 years in consulting practice, he returned to the academia in 2016 as a Professor at Singapore Institute of Technology. He is a Past President and Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Singapore. He has served as a Board Member of the Professional Engineers Board, Singapore for over 12 years, and was chairman of its examination committee responsible for the implementation of the examination system for qualifying professional engineers in Singapore. He is well-versed with standards and codes of practice and was the Chairman of Singapore Standards Council for 6 years, actively contributing to the promotion and establishment of Standards and Codes of Practice in Singapore. He plays an active role in energy efficiency, being the Chairman of Accreditation Committee for Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) and the Co-Chair of Steering Committee of Singapore Certified Energy Managers (SCEM) Scheme. He received the Public Service Medal (2015) and the MND Medallion for his contribution to the engineering profession. He was conferred the Outstanding Power Engineer Award by the IEEE Power Engineering Chapter in 1998. He is a Fellow of Academy of Engineering, Singapore, Senior Fellow of ASEAN Academy of Engineering and Technology and Honorary Fellow of ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations. He is the co-author of a book “Grounds for Grounding: a Circuit-to-System Handbook” published by IEEE/John Wiley in 2010.
Course Instructor
Singapore standard SS 638:2018 is the new Code of Practice for Electrical Installations. This Code is a major revision of Singapore Standard CP5: 1998. This new Code is a modified adoption of BS 7671: 2008 (the 17th Edition of IET Wiring Regulations). All LV electrical installations in Singapore, as mandated by the Energy Market Authority, must comply with the provisions of the Code to ensure safety, especially from electric shock and fire in the use of electricity and relates principally to the design, selection, erection, inspection and testing of electrical installations. This 3-day course will be delivered in a combination of lectures, class discussions, case studies and design exercises that are mainly drawn from the instructor’s consulting work. You will learn the correct interpretation and application of SS 638 through many authentic design examples.
• Electrical engineers • Engineers preparing for professional examinations • LEWs • Project engineers and site supervisors of electrical projects • Designers and specifiers of electrical installations • Electrical contractors and installers • Plant and facility engineers • Technical personnel working in inspection and testing of electrical equipment
• Identify and interpret the new provisions in SS 638: 2018 • Apply the regulations in SS 638:2018 • Assess the general characteristics and particular requirements of an electrical
installation • Design electrical installations with appropriate earthing and bonding for protection
against electric shock • Select and size cables based on current-carrying capacity and voltage drop calculations • Design for protection against overcurrent and faults • Conduct LV inspection and testing to comply with the code requirements
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
Course 1: Design of Electrical Installations
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD2,889.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD866.70 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD326.70 (includes GST)
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
• A copy of SS638:2018 worth S$147.40 • A comprehensive set of course notes • Other reference materials
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome and Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Introduction and Overview
• Background to SS 638: 2018 and CP 5 • Object and effects • Structure and numbering system • Fundamental requirements for safety • Identifying Codes, Terminology & Definitions
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – Assessment of General Characteristics
• Purpose, supplies and structures • Conductor arrangement and system earthing • Maximum demand and diversity
Course Fees
Schedule
Course Materials
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
• Supplies for safety services and standby system • External influences • Electromagnetic compatibility • Reliability & availability considerations • Single-point failure consideration • Maintainability • Case studies/examples
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Protection for Safety
• Protection against electric shock • Protection measures: earthed equipotential bonding and automatic
disconnection • Protection measures: double or reinforced insulation • Protection measures: electrical separation • Protection measures: extra-low voltage provided by SELV or PELV • Protection against fire caused by electrical equipment • Protection against burns • Case studies/examples
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Protection against Overcurrent and Fault Current
• Characteristics of protective devices • Protection against overload current • Protection against fault current • Protection against both overload and fault current • Coordination between conductor and overload protective devices • Calculation of fault current • Coordination of overload current and fault current protection • Nature and characteristics of earth faults • Maximum permissible earth fault loop impedance • Calculation of touch voltage • Calculation of earth fault loop impedance, with examples • Calculation of protective conductor cross-sectional areas, with examples
5:00 pm Summary for Day 1 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – Selection, Sizing and Erection of Wiring Systems
• Selection and erection of wiring systems • Current-carrying capacities of cables • Sizing of cross-sectional areas of conductors • Calculation of voltage drop – approximate and accurate method • Effects of power factor on voltage drop calculation • Current-carrying capacity and voltage drop for busbar trunking system • Selection and erection of wiring systems to minimize the spread of fire • Earthing arrangement and protective conductors • Case studies/examples
10:30 am Tea Break
11:00 am Topic 6 – Protection, Isolation, Switching, Control and Monitoring • Definition and principles • General and common requirements • Devices for fault protection by automatic disconnection • Devices for protection against the risk of fire • Devices for protection against overcurrent • Devices for protection against overvoltage • Devices for protection against undervoltage • Isolation requirements and appropriate devices • Switching off for mechanical maintenance and appropriate devices • Emergency switching & appropriate devices • Functional switching and appropriate devices • Lock-out, tag-out procedure
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Inspection and Testing
• Purpose of Initial verification • Initial inspection and checklist • Initial testing: continuity, insulation resistance, polarity, phase sequence, earth
electrode resistance, prospective fault current, voltage drop, operational and functional testing of RCDs, EMF
• Requirements for periodic inspection and testing • Periodic inspection checklist • Periodic testing • Electrical installation condition report • Test instruments and equipment • Demonstration of test equipment
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Overview of Other Requirements
• Temporary electrical installations • Low voltage generating sets • Electric vehicle charging system • Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply system
5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Electrical Design Process and Considerations
• Plant equipment and their requirements • Maximum demand and diversity • External influences and compatibility • Power quality and EMC requirements • Power factor correction • Circuit arrangements • Maintainability • Reliability and availability considerations • Single-point failure consideration • Mission-critical power requirements • Safety services
• Energy-efficient design
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 - Design Exercise 1
• Design of a final circuit incorporating cable sizing and fault calculation • Design of a simple installations
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 11 – Design Exercise 2
Design of electricity distribution system for a commercial mixed development with a 6-storey shopping mall and an 18-storey office tower. The design process involves:
• Design philosophy and considerations • Load estimation • Maximum demand estimation • Conceptual design of power distribution circuits • Design of power distribution circuits for chiller plant • Design of power distribution circuits to the office tower
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Q&A 5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief
5:30 pm End of Day
REGISTER & FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THIS COURSE
Electric motors are the workhorse for industry. Advances in power electronics and the use of modern control technology have transformed the application areas of motor-driven systems. In combination with power electronics, induction motors that are used traditionally for fixed-speed applications are increasingly used as variable-frequency drives (VFD) in process control and automation. VFDs also offer important energy saving opportunities in operation of fans, pumps and compressors. Permanent magnet synchronous motor drive that offers high operating efficiency is the new generation of traction drive for Singapore’s MRT system. Operation of VFD can cause undesirable effects on power quality and EMI which must be considered and mitigated at the project design stage. This 3-day course is intended to familiarise the participants with the performance and application aspects of industrial motors and variable speed drives. It provides a comprehensive review of the major types of industrial drives and the technologies in use today. At the end of the course, participant should be able to select drives for their particular applications and to operate and maintain their existing drives.
• Plant and facility engineers • E&M engineers • Process and control engineers • Engineers in railway and transportation sector • Lifts and escalators engineers • Marketing and application engineers for motors and VFDs • Consulting engineers • Lecturers • Technical personnel involved in the design, specification, procurement or maintenance
of motor-driven systems
• Describe and distinguish induction motors of various characteristics • Select and size industrial motors and drives for specific applications • Analyse power quality and harmonic problems associated with VFD application • Implement mitigating measures for power quality and harmonic problems • Assess possible EMI problems associated with VFD • Apply best practices in the operation and maintenance of motors and VFD
Course 2: Electric Motors and Variable Speed Drives
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD2,889.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD866.70 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD326.70 (includes GST)
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome and Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Power Electronics
• Power semiconductor devices • Thyristor characteristics and applications • Insulated-gate bipolar transistors • AC to DC conversion • DC to AC conversion • DC to DC conversion • PWM principles • Soft starters
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – DC Motor Drives
• System configurations • Structure of DC machines • Principle of DC machines • Converters for DC motor drives • DC motor control
Course Fees
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
Schedule
• Application examples of DC drives 12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Induction Motors
• Design and construction of induction motors • Theory and fundamental principles • Classification of motors • Torque speed characteristics • Starting requirements • Soft starter • Conventional speed control • Transient and dynamics • Power supply & cabling requirements • Case study of motor starting problems
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Induction Motor Drives
• System configurations • Operation of variable speed ac drives (VFDs) • Modern features of VFDs • VVVF principles • Field weakening control • Acceleration and deceleration • Regenerative braking • Open-loop and closed-loop control • Direct torque control • Motors suitable for inverter operation • Common application problems of VSDs and solutions • Transformer, converter/inverter and motor interaction • Rating specifications • Cabling requirements • Application example of thruster drives
5:00 pm Summary for Day 1 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Drive
• PM brushless machines • System configuration • Inverters for PM brushless motors • PM brushless motor control • Application example for lifts and escalators • Application example for EVs • Application example for traction propulsion
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 6 – Energy Efficient Motor-Driven Systems
• Energy efficient motors
• Methods for power factor correction • VSD for energy efficient applications • Application examples for pumps, fans, compressors
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Supply Harmonics
• Supply harmonics due to drives • Adverse effects of harmonics • Harmonic distortions • Harmonic resonance problems • Problem with power capacitors • Solving harmonic problems • Phase shift transformers • Harmonic filters • Compliance with standards and requirements of certifying bodies • Case study of harmonic problems
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Power Quality and EMC Problems
• EMC behavior of variable-speed drives • Low frequency emission • High frequency emission • Tripping of motors and drives due to voltage dips • Techniques to enhance voltage dip ride-through • Precautions and EMI fixes • Cable requirements • Case study of voltage dip problems • Case study of EMI problems
5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Application Considerations
• Motor ratings & specifications • Motor load and mechanical considerations • Electrical calculations • Mechanical calculations • Matching motor/drive’s ratings to load requirements • Power supply considerations • AC drives cabling • Protection of motor and drive • Drives for potentially hazardous atmosphere
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 - Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
• Failure modes of motors and drive systems • Insulation resistance – general theory • Factors affecting insulation resistance • Methods for measuring insulation resistance
• Interpretation of insulation resistance and polarization test results • Surge test for turn-to-turn insulation • Partial discharge test • Motor maintenance overview
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Commute to site visit 2:30 pm Site Visit to a Motor-Repair Workshop
• Demonstration of insulation tests • Demonstration of surge test • Demonstration of partial discharge test • Physical examination of structure of various electrical machines
4:30 pm Q&A 5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief 5:30 pm End of Day
REGISTER & FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THIS COURSE
This 3-day intensive course provides an update to changes and new requirements in Singapore standards SS 555: 2018 code of practice for protection against lightning. Participants will gain a good understanding of the characteristics and effects of lightning and the best practices to adopt to alleviate its damaging effects. They will learn how to assess the vulnerabilities of their installations & facility and to implement effective mitigations against lightning hazards. Design principles and innovative solutions are illustrated through various case studies drawn from the instructor’s consulting work. Common pitfalls in implementation of lightning protection are explained.
• Engineers preparing for professional examinations • Practicing electrical engineers • Consulting engineers & LEWs • Design & project engineers • Site managers and supervisors • Facility, plant & maintenance engineers • Telecom engineers • Electrical contractors
• Gain insights to updates in Code of Practice for Protection against Lightning: SS 555: 2018 • Explain the nature and characteristics of lightning and surges • Assess the lightning risks associated with their projects or facilities • Interpret and apply the provisions in lightning protection code for compliance • Adopt appropriate lightning protection measures against life hazards • Design lightning protection systems for buildings and structures • Design lightning protection systems for services • Integrate earthing and bonding networks for electrical safety, lightning protection and EMI
control • Adopt appropriate measures for protection against LEMP • Size and select appropriate surge protective devices
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD3,210.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD963.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD363.00 (includes GST)
Course 3: Protection against Lightning
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
Course Fees
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
• A complete textbook set of the 4 parts of SS555:2018 Code of Practice for Protection against Lightning (worth S$408.95)
• Other reference materials
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome and Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Lightning Characteristics and Effects
• Nature of lightning • Streamers, Leaders and Return Stroke • Factors Influencing Lightning Strike Locations • Electrical Characteristics of Lightning Flashes • Lightning Effects • Direct and indirect strikes • Side flash • Coupling effects to electrical circuits • Step and touch potential, transferred potential • Hazards of ground potential rise
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – Lightning Damage & General Protection Principles
• Damage due to lightning • Need for lightning protection • Life hazards • Damage to a structure • Damage to a service • Hazards of explosion and fire
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
Course Materials
Schedule
• Types of loss • Protection measures to reduce injury of living beings by electric shock • Protection measures to reduce physical damage • Protection measures to reduce failure of electrical and electronic systems • Protection measures selection • Assessment of the ESE system • Application of SS555 code of practice for protection against lightning, part
1: general principles 12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Protection of Structures – External Lightning Protection
Systems • Lightning protection levels (LPL) • Lightning protection zones (LPZ) • Protection of structure • Protection of services • General considerations • The Faraday cage • External lightning protection systems • Air terminations • Down conductors • Earth termination network • Earth electrodes • Application of rolling sphere principle • Application of protection angle approach • Overhead shield wire design • Metal in and on a structure • Building design for shielding lightning-induced electromagnetic field • Maintenance and inspection of LPS • Case studies • Application of SS555 code of practice for protection against lightning, part
3: physical damage to structures and life hazards 3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Protection of Structures – Internal Lightning Protection
System • Protection to reduce the failure of internal systems • Lightning equipotential bonding • Electrical insulation of the external LPS • Evaluation of the separation distance • Protection measures against injury to living beings • Protection measures against touch voltage • Protection measures against step voltages • Case studies
5:00 pm Summary for Day 1 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – Life Hazards and Protection
• Early warning system • Protection against direct strike • Protection against touch & transferred voltage • Protection against step voltages • Risk assessment • Protection measures to reduce injury of living beings • Application of SS555 code of practice for protection against lightning, part
3: physical damage to structures and life hazards • Case study
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 6 – Lightning Damage & General Protection Principles
• Earthing schemes of LV power supply • Influence of LV earthing schemes on lightning over-voltages • Surge withstand capability and classification of LV equipment • Application of SPDs for ac power supply • Harmonization of IEC/EN 61643-11 standard of low voltage surge
protection devices • Impact of line-follow current in surge protective devices • Case study
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Lightning Protection of Electrical and Electronic Systems
within Structures • Nature of lightning-induced overvoltages • Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse – LEMP • Coupling mechanism • Design and installation of SPM • Earthing and bonding • Magnetic shielding and line routing • Protection measures to reduce failure of electrical and electronic systems • Isolating interfaces • Application of SS 555:2018 code of practice for protection against lightning,
part 4: electrical and electronic systems within structure 3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Application of Surge Protective Devices
• Concept of surge protection zones • Types and characteristics of surge protective devices (SPD) • Where to locate SPDs • SPD selection • Installation guidelines for SPD • Application of SPDs for ac power supply • Application of SPDs for communications, instrumentation and data lines • Application of SPDs for intrinsic safe circuits • Protection of building-to-building data lines. • Coordinated SPD system
5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Earthing and Bonding Design
• Earthing schemes of LV power supply • Earthing and bonding for electrical safety • Earthing system and electromagnetic compatibility • Influence of LV earthing schemes on lightning overvoltages • Earthing and bonding in equipment room • Earthing and bonding of ac supply and services • Resistance to earth • Soil resistivity • Types of earth electrodes • Design of earth electrodes and their layout • Bonding of concrete and steel structures • The integrated earthing system • Methods to reduce transient impedance of electrodes • Measurement of soil resistivity and earth resistance • Case study of ITC facility
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 – Lightning Risk Assessment – Part 1
• Need for lightning protection • Strike Probability • Assessing need for protection of persons and equipment • Hazards of explosion and fire • Risk analysis methodology • Cone of protection & rolling sphere methods • Basic considerations of electronic system lightning protection • Effective collection area and risk evaluation • Risk management • Assessment of risk components for a structure • Assessment of risk components for a service • Application of SS555 code of practice for protection against lightning, part
2: risk assessment 12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 11 – Lightning Risk Assessment – Part 2
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 12 – Demonstration and hands-on session on using a software
for lightning risk assessment
4.30 pm Further Case Studies, Q&A • Avoiding pitfalls in earthing and bonding for lightning protection • Lightning protection of telecom base station • Lightning protection of generators & power plant • Lightning protection of data centre • Lightning protection of petrochemical facility • Lightning protection of rail transport system • Lightning protection of Fieldbus instrumentation system • Design of integrated earthing system
5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief
5:30 pm End of Day
Harmonics are increasingly responsible for causing operational problems and damages to power system and the connected equipment. Preventing or fixing harmonics problems may be challenging without adequate understanding of the nature of harmonic – as testified by many cases where harmonics were wrongly blamed, with consequential expenses on harmonic mitigations poorly justified.
The focus of the course is to provide a good understanding of the nature and characteristics of power system harmonics, and to empower the participants with know-how in preventing and fixing harmonics problems.
• Electrical engineers & technical specialists • Engineers preparing for professional examinations • Engineers in power industry • Facility mangers & engineers • Operation and maintenance engineers • Project engineers • Lecturers at tertiary institutions • Electrical contractors • Vendors of VFD & harmonics generating equipment
• Explain the fundamental concept of harmonics • Recognise the various issues of power system harmonics for new projects • Identify the sources and effects of harmonics in existing facilities • Interpret requirements for harmonic control • Analyse fundamental harmonic problems • Conduct harmonics measurement and interpret results • Evaluate and choose the appropriate methods of harmonic control and mitigations
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD2,889.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD866.70 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD326.70 (includes GST)
Course 4: Power System Harmonics
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
Course Fees
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome and Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Fundamentals of harmonics
• Fundamental concept of power system harmonics • Fourier series representation of non-sinusoidal waveforms • Frequency spectrum and harmonic content • Power factor, displacement factor, active and reactive power • Total harmonic distortion, THD • Total demand distortion, TDD • Nature of triplen harmonics • Terms and definitions
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – Sources of harmonics
• Variable speed drives • Switch mode power supply • Static UPS • Rectifier circuits • Railway/ mass rapid transit system • ITC equipment • Production and test equipment • Fluorescent lighting & electronic ballasts • Line notching of static power converters • Other harmonics generating equipment
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Effects of harmonics
• Distortion of voltage waveform • Failures of power factor correction capacitors • Overvoltages and excessive currents
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
Schedule
• Resonance phenomenon • Overheating of cables and switchgears • Overheating of transformers • Effects on electrical machines • Excessive neutral current • Effects on computers, telecommunication and process equipment • Nuisance tripping of circuit breakers • Metering errors • Switchgear and relaying • Interference with other sensitive electronic equipment
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Requirements for Harmonic Control
• Harmonic limits in Singapore Transmission Code • Voltage distortion limits • Current distortion limits • Interharmonic voltage limits based on flicker • Limits on commutation notches • Telephone influence factor (TIF) • IEC, IEEE 519 harmonic standards
5:00 pm Summary for Day 1 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – Application and Specification of Passive Harmonics Filters
• Passive filters – principles and characteristics • Types of passive harmonic filter • Filter specifications • Harmonic filter capacitors • Harmonic filter reactors • Capacitor and reactor tolerances • Filter implementation problems and challenges • Case studies
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 6 – Application and Specification of Active Harmonics Filters
• Active filters – principles and characteristics • Active filter configuration • Effectiveness of active filters • Filter performance parameters • Comparison and selection of passive and active filters • Determining filter ratings and specifications • Filter implementation problems and challenges • Application of hybrid filter • Case studies
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Passive Filter Design Considerations
• Filter capacitive reactive power • Harmonic limitations • Normal system conditions
• Normal harmonic filter conditions • Contingency system conditions • Harmonic overload considerations • Harmonic filter locations • Harmonic filter configurations • Using existing capacitor banks
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Design of Low-Voltage Shunt Harmonic Filters
• Identify harmonics to be filtered • Determine harmonic filter bank kvar size • Apply design equations & filter tuning • Design values for capacitor and reactor • Filter capacitor selection & specification • Filter reactor selection & specification • Harmonic overload considerations • Protection • Design examples
5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Other Harmonics Mitigations
• Reducing harmonics at source • De-rating requirements • Use of line reactors • De-tuning power factor correction capacitors • The “K” factor transformers • Application of delta-star isolation transformers • Phase shift transformers, 6-, 12-, 18- & 24-pulse system • Zero sequence harmonic filter • Zigzag transformers • Case studies
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 – Harmonics Modelling and Simulation
• Modelling of harmonic sources • Modelling of transformers • Harmonic modeling of networks and components • System response characteristics • Harmonic study procedure • Computer tools for harmonics analysis
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 11 – Design of Cable System with Harmonics Consideration
• Impact of harmonics on cable sizing • Triple harmonics and neutral conductor overloading • Requirements in IET Wiring Regulations • Excessive induced harmonic currents in parallel conductors • Case studies
3:00 pm Tea-break
3:30 pm Topic 12 – Harmonics Measurement, Monitoring & Interpretation, with Class Demonstration
• Requirements of measuring equipment • Identifying appropriate points of measurement • Precautions and considerations in conducting measurement • Analysis and interpretation of data • Interpretation of measurements against requirements of IEC and IEEE
standards • Demonstration of PQ measuring equipment
4.30 pm Q&A 5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief 5:30 pm End of Day
REGISTER & FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THIS COURSE
Earthing and bonding is one of the most important aspect of electrical and electronic system design, yet it is probably the least understood by most engineers. Often blended with misconceptions, in the final implementation it is typically necessary to strike a balance between electrical safety, electromagnetic interference (EMI) control, and good engineering practices. Earthing theory is not intuitive. Achieving a functional earthing and bonding philosophy often results from battles of wits, perseverance, and the resolution of conflicts between instinct, intuition, standard specifications, engineering experience and judgment.
This intensive course aims to demystify earthing and bonding practices by thoroughly explaining the applicable fundamental principles through detailed discussion of many real-life examples, many of which are drawn from the instructor’s own consulting work.
Requirements and provisions of the following Singapore and international standards will be examined in detail:
(i) SS 551: 2009 Code of Practice for Earthing (ii) SS 638: 2018 Code of Practice for Electrical Installations (iii) SS 555: 2018 Code of Practice for Protection against Lightning (iv) IEEE Std 80: 2013 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
IEEE Std 1100: 2006 Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment
• Engineers preparing for professional examinations • Practicing electrical engineers • Instrument and control engineers • MRT Engineers • Facility and maintenance technical personnel • Telecommunication engineers • ITC and datacentre engineers • Electrical contractors • Licensed electrical workers • Vendors and technical engineers of UPS and generators • Lecturers of tertiary institutions
• Appreciate the various reasons and requirements of earthing and bonding • Distinguish various power supply earthing schemes • Assess the requirements of particular systems or installations • Implement power system earthing to achieve electrical shock protection • Implement appropriate earthing and bonding to achieve EMC for sensitive electronic
equipment
Course 5: Earthing ad Bonding Design
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
• Design IT or unearthed system for mission-critical equipment • Design appropriate earthing and bonding for lightning protection • Design earth termination system for safety in AC substation • Size optimal earthing conductor and circuit protective conductor • Adopt appropriate earthing and bonding philosophy for electrical and electronic system
design • Integrate and harmonise earthing and bonding requirements for various systems in a
project • Avoid pitfalls in earthing and bonding practices
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD3,210.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD963.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD363.00 (includes GST)
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
• A textbook copy of Grounds for Grounding: a Circuit-to-System Handbook, IEEE/Wiley (worth US$176)
• Other reference materials
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
Course Materials
Course Fees
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome And Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Fundamental Concepts
• Terms and definitions • Grounding-related myths, misconceptions, and misapprehensions • Objective of earthing/grounding
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – Power System Earthing
• Objectives of power system earthing • HV power system earthing • Earthing schemes for low-voltage power distribution system • Protection of low voltage installations against temporary overvoltages due to
earth fault in the HV system • Electric shock voltage (touch and step potentials) • General earthing arrangement of substation • Earthing systems and EMC • Requirements of standards and codes of practice
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Bonding
• Purpose of main equipotential bonding • Main equipotential bonding conductor • Requirements of supplementary equipotential bonding • Extraneous-conductive-parts and their connections • Equipment earthing and bonding to prevent shock hazard • Types of bonds, dissimilar metals consideration, corrosion prevention
3:00 pm Tea-Break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Protection against Earth Faults and Stray Earth Currents
• Requirements of earth fault protection • Fault current depends on earthing schemes • Calculation of earth fault loop impedance • Sizing of earth/ circuit protective conductor • High protective conductor currents • Application of earth fault relays and RCD • Prevention of nuisance tripping • Earth fault protection coordination • Requirements of IDMTL versus DTL
5:00 pm Summary For Day 1 5:30 pm End Of Day
Schedule
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – IT and Unearthed System
• IT or unearthed system for mission-critical equipment • Safety requirements • Insulation monitoring devices for IT system • Analysis of earth fault in IT system • Frame leakage detection • Example of DC traction supply for Singapore MRT system • Example of powering signalling system • Example of medical locations • Example of installations on ships and offshore platforms
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 6 – Earthing for Noise Control
• The misconception of “clean” earth • Single-point or multi-point grounding? • Signal reference grid/structure • Ground plane & ground window • Grounding of shelves and cabinets • Noise control by proper grounding • Grounding topology, grounding tree • Examples of bonding configurations and bonding networks • Implementation of “dedicated” or “clean” earth • Grounding for instrumentation and control system • Integrated earthing and bonding design
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Earthing for Sensitive Electronic Equipment and
Instrumentation • Earthing for sensitive electronic equipment • Earthing requirements for instrumentation and control equipment • Earthing for Fieldbus system • Earthing requirements for hazardous areas (potentially explosive environment)
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Earthing In Wiring Circuits, Cable Shields, Sheath and/or
Armour • System interface problems • Fundamentals of cable shielding • To earth or not to earth cable sheaths • Ground loop • Earthing consideration in signal interface • Earthing of power cable sheath and/or armour • Running cables close to ground plane
5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Earthing for Ups and Generators
• Earthing scheme for UPS • Requirements of isolation transformer • Transformerless UPS & earthing implications • Unearthed generator supply • Generator – direct earth, resistance earth • Earthing of generators in parallel operation • Mobile or transportable generators
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 – Earthing and Bonding for Lightning Protection
• Overview of lightning protection system • Earth termination network • Hazards of step and touch potential, transferred potential • Equipotential bonding • Earth grid • Influence of LV earthing schemes on lightning overvoltages • Requirements of standards and codes of practice
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 11 – Earthing Design
• Earthing and bonding for electrical safety • Protection against lightning • Earthing system and electromagnetic compatibility • Static electricity protection • Influence of LV earthing schemes on lightning overvoltages • Resistance to earth • Soil resistivity • Types of earth electrodes and the earth ring • Calculating the resistance of common types of electrodes • Design of earth electrodes and their layout • Methods to reduce transient impedance • Measurement of soil resistivity and earth resistance
• Earthing design for towers and buildings 3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 12 – Common Pitfalls In Earthing and Bonding
• 10 examples of common pitfalls
4.30 pm Practical Session On Earth Resistance Measurement, Q&A
5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief 5:30 pm End of Day
Faults are inevitable in power systems even with careful design, operation and maintenance. The short-circuit fault currents can be many orders of magnitude larger than normal operating currents and, if not interrupted promptly, may cause unacceptable damages and wide-spread outages. Good design of power distribution system should incorporate suitable protection schemes and relay settings to ensure that faults are quickly disconnected to minimise damages and to permit continuous operation of other healthy circuits.
This comprehensive 3-day course is intended to provide a broad-based and yet in-depth coverage of the various important issues related to power system faults and their protection. Fundamental principles will be developed first upon which applications will be illustrated.
• Electrical design engineers • Project engineers • Lecturers at tertiary institutions • Plant & maintenance engineers • Electrical contractors • Technical support engineers • Operation and management staff of mission-critical facilities
• Describe and distinguish different types of faults • Calculate fault currents based on fundamental principles • Select and size CTs for particular application • Distinguish different types of circuit breakers and their characteristics • Apply overcurrent protection principles • Apply earth fault protection principles • Evaluate protection requirements of cables, transformers, motors and generators • Conduct basic protection coordination and discrimination studies • Trouble-shooting nuisance tripping
Full Fee (Non-Singaporeans) SGD2,889.00 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (Below 40) & Singapore PRs SGD866.70 (includes GST)
*Singaporeans (40 and above) SGD326.70 (includes GST)
Course 6: Protection of Industrial Power Systems
Who Should Attend
What You’ll Learn
Course Fees
*SkillsFuture funding is available for eligible Singaporeans and Singapore PRs. Terms and Conditions apply.
• A Textbook: Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks, 3rd Edition, Juan M Gers & Edward J. Holmes (worth £84)
• Other reference materials
A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who:
• Attend 75% of the course • Undertake non-credit bearing assessment (during course)
Participants should have fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering in order to gain full benefits from the course.
Day 1
8:30 am Welcome and Registration 9:00 am Topic 1 – Protection Fundamentals
• Basic principles • Types of abnormalities requiring protection • Zones of protection • Basic protective equipment • Protection requirements – reliability, selectivity, sensitivity, stability, speed • Primary protection & backup protection • Terms and definitions
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 2 – Relays, Current & Voltage Transformers
• Types of relay • Device number • CT characteristics & specification • VT characteristics & specification • Application & selection
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 3 – Fault Calculations
• Per unit system • Symmetrical component analysis
Certificate and Assessment
Prerequisites
Schedule
Course Materials
• Sequence impedances of power system components • Symmetrical & asymmetrical faults • Three phase fault calculation • Earth fault calculation
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 4 – Fuses, Circuit Breakers & Switchgears
• Types of fuse, their characteristics & applications • Types of circuit breaker, their characteristics & applications • HV & LV switchgears • Vacuum & GIS • Current-limiting • Zone selective interlocking • Ratings & specifications
5:00 pm Summary for Day 1 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 2
8:30 am Recap of Day 1 9:00 am Topic 5 – Overcurrent Protection
• Principle of time-current grading • Grading margin • Definite minimum time • Directional protection • Standard IDMTL overcurrent relays • Very inverse & extremely inverse characteristics • Typical examples of time & current grading
• Protection against excessive arc flash energy 10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 6 – Earth Fault Protection
• Role of earth fault protection – safety and availability • Types of system earthing and impacts on earth fault current • Earth fault relays • RCD characteristics, types & applications • Origins of stray/ leakage current & nuisance tripping • Calculation of stray current from power cables • Discrimination between earth fault protective devices
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 7 – Differential & Unit Protection
• Principle of differential protection • Unit protection • Busbar protection
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 8 – Cable Protection
• Overload protection of cables • Short circuit protection of cables • Feeder protection
• Examples 5:00 pm Summary for Day 2 5:30 pm End of Day
Day 3
8:30 am Recap of Day 2 9:00 am Topic 9 – Transformer Protection
• Types of transformers • Magnetizing inrush • Transformer overheating • Overcurrent protection • Earth fault protection • Differential protection • Oil and gas devices • Condition monitoring of transformers
10:30 am Tea Break 11:00 am Topic 10 – AC Motor Protection
• Types of protection – overload, phase unbalance, loss of supply, stalling, insulation failure
• HV motor protection • LV motor protection • Short circuit motor contribution
12:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm Topic 11 – Generator Protection
• Overload protection • Short-circuit performance, sub- transient & transient periods • External short circuit protection • Earthing & earth fault protection • Loss of field, over-speed, overvoltage protection
3:00 pm Tea-break 3:30 pm Topic 12 – Protection Discrimination and Coordination
• Discrimination & coordination between upstream and downstream protective devices
• Co-ordination of HV/LV protection • Work examples/tutorials
4.30 pm Q&A 5:00 pm End of course summary and debrief 5:30 pm End of Day
REGISTER & FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THIS COURSE
SIT reserves the right to make changes to published course information, including dates, times, venues, fees and instructors without prior notice.
