electrical design 1

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1SDC010001D0202

Electrical devices


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Volume 2

Electrical installation handbook

Electrical devices

2nd edition

February 2004


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First edition 2003

Second edition 2004

Published by ABB SACE

via Baioni, 35 - 24123 Bergamo (Italy)

All rights reserved


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Index

Introduction .............................................................................................. 2

1 Standards

1.1 General aspects .............................................................................. 3

1.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation .......................................... 152 Protection of feeders

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 22

2.2 Installation and dimensioning of cables ......................................... 25

2.2.1 Current carrying capacity and methods of installation ..........25

Installation not buried in the ground .....................................31

Installation in ground ............................................................44

2.2.2 Voltage drop ........................................................................56

2.2.3 Joule-effect losses ............................................................... 662.3 Protection against overload ...........................................................67

2.4 Protection against short-circuit ......................................................70

2.5 Neutral and protective conductors ................................................ 78

2.6 Busbar trunking systems...............................................................86

3 Protection of electrical equipment

3.1 Protection and switching of lighting circuits ................................. 101

3.2 Protection and switching of generators .......................................1103.3 Protection and switching of motors .............................................115

3.4 Protection and switching of transformers ....................................131

4 Power factor correction

4.1 General aspects .......................................................................... 146

4.2 Power factor correction method ..................................................152

4.3 Circuit-breakers for the protection and

swiching of capacitor banks ........................................................159

5 Protection of human beings5.1 General aspects: effects of current on human beings .................. 162

5.2 Distribution systems ....................................................................165

5.3 Protection against both direct and indirect contact ...................... 168

5.4 TT system ................................................................................... 171

5.5 TN system .................................................................................. 174


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9ABB SACE - Electrical devices

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards

8 ABB SACE - Electrical devices

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards

COUNTRY Symbol Mark designation Applicability/Organization

CROATIA

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

FRANCE

FRANCE

FRANCE

FRANCE

KONKAR

DEMKOApproval Mark

Safety Mark

of the ElektriskaInspektoratet

ESC Mark

NF Mark

NF IdentificationThread

NF Mark

NF Mark

Electrical Engineering Institute

Low voltage materials.This mark guarantees thecompliance of the product withthe requirements (safety) of theHeavy Current Regulations

Low voltage material.

This mark guarantees thecompliance of the product withthe requirements (safety) of theHeavy Current Regulations

Household appliances

Conductors and cables Conduits and ducting Installation materials

Cables

Portable motor-operated tools

Household appliances


AUSTRIA

BELGIUM

BELGIUM

BELGIUM

CANADA

CHINA

Czech Republic

SlovakiaRepublic

VE IdentificationThread

CEBEC Mark

CEBEC Mark

Certification ofConformity

CSA Mark

CCEE Mark

EZU Mark

EVPU Mark

Cables

Installation materials and electricalappliances

Conduits and ducts, conductors

and flexible cords

Installation material and electricalappliances (in case there are noequivalent national standards orcriteria)

Electrical and non-electricalproducts.

This mark guarantees compliancewith CSA (Canadian Standard

Association)

Great Wall Mark Commission forCertification of ElectricalEquipment

Electrotechnical Testing Institute

Electrotechnical Research andDesign Institute


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1.1 General aspects

1 Standards


1.1 General aspects

1 Standards


ITALY

NORWAY

NETHERLANDS

POLAND

IMQ Mark

Norwegian ApprovalMark

KEMA-KEUR

KWE

Mark to be affixed on electricalmaterial for non-skilled users; itcertifies compliance with the

European Standard(s).

Mandatory safety approval for lowvoltage material and equipment

General for all equipment

Electrical products

KEUR

B

AP

PROVED

TOSINGAPORE

STAND

ARD

MAR

CA

DECON

FORMIDADAN

OR

MAS

UNE

SINGAPORE

SLOVENIA

SPAIN

SISIR

SIQ

AEE

Electrical and non-electricalproducts

Slovenian Institute of Quality andMetrology

Electrical products.The mark is under the control ofthe Asociacin ElectrotcnicaEspaola(Spanish Electrotechnical

Association)

RUSSIA Certification ofConformity Electrical and non-electricalproducts. It guaranteescompliance with national standard(Gosstandard of Russia)


GERMANY

GERMANY

GERMANY

GERMANY

HUNGARY

JAPAN

IRELAND

IRELAND

VDE Mark

VDEIdentification Thread

VDE Cable Mark

VDE-GS Markfor technicalequipment

MEEI

JIS Mark

IIRS Mark

IIRS Mark

For appliances and technicalequipment, installation accessoriessuch as plugs, sockets, fuses,

wires and cables, as well as othercomponents (capacitors, earthingsystems, lamp holders andelectronic devices)

Cables and cords

For cables, insulated cords,installation conduits and ducts

Safety mark for technical equipmentto be affixed after the product hasbeen tested and certified by the VDE

Test Laboratory in Offenbach; theconformity mark is the mark VDE,which is granted both to be usedalone as well as in combination withthe mark GS

Hungarian Institute for Testing andCertification of Electrical Equipment

Mark which guaranteescompliance with the relevantJapanese Industrial Standard(s).

Electrical equipment

Electrical equipment

geprfteSicherheit

MARK

OFCONFO

RM

ITY

I.I.R .S.


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1.1 General aspects

1 Standards


1.1 General aspects

1 Standards


UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDKINGDOM

U.S.A.

U.S.A.

U.S.A.

CEN

CENELEC

BSISafety Mark

BEABKitemark

UNDERWRITERSLABORATORIESMark

UNDERWRITERSLABORATORIESMark

UL Recognition

CEN Mark

Mark

Compliance with the BritishStandards

Compliance with the relevantBritish Standards regardingsafety and performances




Mark issued by the EuropeanCommittee for Standardization(CEN): it guarantees compliancewith the European Standards.

Cables

AP

PROVEDTO

BRITISHS

TAND

ARD

AN

IND

EPEN

DENTLABORAT

OR

Y

TESTIN

GFORPUBL

ICSAFET

Y

L I S T E D

(Product Name)

(Control Number)

UNITEDKINGDOM BEAB

Safety Mark

Compliance with the BritishStandards for household

appliances


SWEDEN

SWITZERLAND

SWITZERLAND

SWITZERLAND

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDKINGDOM

SEMKOMark

Safety Mark

SEV Safety Mark

ASTA Mark

BASEC Mark

BASECIdentification Thread

Mandatory safety approval for lowvoltage material and equipment.

Swiss low voltage material subjectto mandatory approval (safety).

Cables subject to mandatoryapproval

Low voltage material subject tomandatory approval

Mark which guaranteescompliance with the relevantBritish Standards

Mark which guaranteescompliance with the BritishStandards for conductors, cablesand ancillary products.

Cables

CER

TIFICATION TRADE

MARK

SPAIN AENOR Asociacin Espaola deNormalizacin y Certificacin.

(Spanish Standarization andCertification Association)


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2928 ABB SACE - Electrical devicesABB SACE - Electrical devices

2.2 Installation and dimensioning of cables2.2 Installation and dimensioning of cables

2 Protection of feeders2 Protection of feeders

0.3 De

0.3 De

0.3 De

0.3 De

0.3 De

0.3 De

DeV

DeV

V

De

V

VDe

TV

ISDN

TV

ISDN

1.5 De V


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2 2 I t ll ti d di i i f bl2 2 I t ll ti d di i i f bl


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3332



> 2 De2

De1 De2

a)

b)

c)

I' b

ktot=k 1*k 2*k 3

S [mm2 ]

Iz = I 0 *k tot

Thermal resistivity

2.5 Km/W?

k3 = 1

k3 from table 14

k2=k 2'*k 2''

k2 fromtable 7

I

Method of installation table 3

b

nk

1''2 =

no k2 = 1

To summarize:

Use this procedure to determine the cross section of the cable:

1. from Table 10, determine the correction factor k1 according to the insulation

material and the ground temperature;

2. use Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 or the formula for groups of non-similar

cables to determine the correction factor k2 according to the distance

between cables or ducts;

3. from Table 14 determine factor k3 corresponding to the soil thermal resistivity;

4. calculate the value of the current Ib by dividing the load current Ib (or the

rated current of the protective device) by the product of the correction factors

calculated:

5. from Table 15, determine the cross section of the cable with I0 Ib, according

to the method of installation, the insulation and conductive material and the

number of live conductors;

6. the actual cable current carrying capacity is calculated by.

Table 15: Current carrying capacity of cables buried in the ground

z kkII 210= k3


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2 P t ti f f d2 P t ti f f d


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5352 ABB SACE - Electrical devicesABB SACE - Electrical devices


a

d

bc

1SDC

010008F0001

k 1 = 0.87

Akk

II bb 212.85

54.087.0

100

21

' =.

==

2 = 0.54k

Procedure:

Type of installation

In Table 3, it is possible to find the reference number of the installation and the

method of installation to be used for the calculations. In this example, thereference number is 31, which corresponds to method E (multi-core cable on

tray).

Correction factor of temperature k1

From Table 4, for a temperature of 40 C and PVC insulation material, k1 =

0.87.

Correction factor for adjacent cables k2

For the multi-core cables grouped on the perforated tray see Table 5.As a first step, the number of circuits or multi-core cables present shall be

determined; given that:

each circuit a), b) and d) constitute a separate circuit;

circuit c) consists of three circuits, since it is composed by three cables in

parallel per phase;

the cable to be dimensioned is a multi-core cable and therefore constitutes a

single circuit;

the total number of circuits is 7.

Referring to the row for the arrangement (cables bunched) and to the column

for the number of circuits (7)

After k1 and k2 have been determined, Ib is calculated by:

From Table 8, for a multi-core copper cable with PVC insulation, method of

installation E, with three loaded conductors, a cross section with current carryingcapacity of I0 Ib = 212.85 A, is obtained. A 95 mm2 cross section cable can

carry, under Standard reference conditions, 238 A.

The current carrying capacity, according to the actual conditions of installation,

is Iz = 238 . 0.87. 0.54 = 111.81 A

Example of cable dimensioning in a balanced three-

phase circuit without harmonics

Dimensioning of a cable with the following characteristics:

conductor material: : copper

insulation material: : PVC

type of cable: : multi-core

installation: : cables bunched on horizontal

perforated tray

load current: : 100 A

Installation conditions:

ambient temperature: : 40 C

adjacent circuits with a) three-phase circuit consisting of 4

single-core cables, 4x50 mm2;

b) three-phase circuit consisting of one

multi-core cable, 1x(3x50) mm2;

c) three-phase circuit consisting of 9

single-core (3 per phase) cables,

9x95 mm2;

d) single-phase circuit consisting of 2

single-core cables, 2x70 mm2.

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electrical design 1