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PRESENTED BY
Teddy Samo
A green revolutionary African transportation vehicle
15/04/2023 Niger Group 2
OVERVIEW
DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVs) COMPONENTS OF EVs EV CHARGING STATIONS ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS RE POWER PLANT DESIGN FOR FEEDING EVs SOLAR POWER CHARGING STATION-OIL BASED FUELLING
STATION COST COMPARISON CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS
15/04/2023 Niger Group 3
ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVs)
EVs are propelled by an electric motor, powered by rechargeable battery packs, rather than a gasoline
engine.
15/04/2023 Niger Group 4
ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVs)
History• First EVs built in 1830s in Scotland by Robert
Anderson
15/04/2023 Niger Group 5
ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVs)
• Production and use declined in 1920s because of mass production of the IC engine vehicles
• EVs reappeared in 1970s due to the environmental issues associated with IC engines
15/04/2023 Niger Group 6
COMPONENTS OF EVs Potentiometer
Provides the signal that tells the controller how much power is it
supposed to deliver
On-board charger Receives AC power and
transforms it into DC on the way to the battery
Controller Takes power from the batteries
and delivers it to the motor.
MotorReceives power from the
controller and turns a transmission
BatteriesThe batteries provide power for
the controller
15/04/2023 Niger Group 7
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS Advantages Drawbacks
Fuel can be harnessed from any source of electricity in homes and businesses
Limited in the distance that can be driven before the complete failure of the battery
Reduces hydrocarbon emissions responsible for many environmental problems
Accessories, such as air conditioning and radios drain the battery faster
Reduces pollution and related health hazards
Heavier car due to the electric motors, batteries, chargers, and controllers
Reduces over-reliance on fossil fuels if electricity is generated from renewable resources
More expensive because of cost of the parts
15/04/2023 Niger Group 8
EV CHARGING STATIONS
Charging station
Connector
Cable
Foot
15/04/2023 Niger Group 9
EV FEEDING OPTIONS
• CONDUCTIVE CHARGING
• INDUCTIVE CHARGING
• BATTERY SWITCHING
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EV FEEDING OPTIONS (cont’d)
Conductive charging• It utilizes a connector between the source and the
vehicle
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EV FEEDING OPTIONS (cont’d) Conductive charging types
Level 1 Charging • Use 120v• 2-3 miles per hour• residential
Level 2 charging • Use 240v• Residential and commercial• 10-20 miles per hour
DC fast charging • Use 480V • 60-80 miles per hour• commercial refueling station
15/04/2023 Niger Group 12
EV FEEDING OPTIONS (cont’d) INDUCTIVE CHARGING• wireless charging coupled with magnetic resonance
to transfer power from a transmitting pad to a receiving pad
15/04/2023 Niger Group 13
EV FEEDING OPTIONS (cont’d) BATTERY SWITCHING:
• Depleted EV battery pack is switched with a fully charged battery pack in the switching station.
• The switching time is around 2-5 minutes.
15/04/2023 Niger Group 14
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS Feeding options Advantages Drawbacks
Conductive • Various charging speed
• Mature technology
• Slow refuelling• No common
worldwide standard
Inductive • Lower risk of electrical shock
• Enable dynamic charging
• Low efficiency • EMC emission
Battery Switching • Rapid switching• no range limitation
• High investment cost
• Required large space
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RE POWER PLANT DESIGN
SOLAR POWER PLANT
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RE POWER PLANT DESIGN (cont’d) BIOGAS POWER STATION
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RE POWER PLANT DESIGN (cont’d) HYBRID (SOLAR - BIOGAS) POWER STATION
15/04/2023 Niger Group 18
SOLAR POWER CHARGING STATION-OIL BASED FUELLING STATION COST ESTIMATES
• SPCS can accelerate the acquisition of EVs• SPCS can be installed in diverse locations• The costs associated SPCS are majorly for installation• Cost of a small SPCS to power about 20 cars is estimated
between $11,800-$18,600 including maintenance in the USA
• Comparable fuelling stations for ICE vehicles cost about $10,000 to install excluding maintenance and refuelling costs
15/04/2023 Niger Group 19
CONCLUSION
• Today, EVs are good alternatives to ICE vehicles• Recent innovations have made EVs more
competitive in cost and performance• EV feeding stations with different feeding options
have been designed and installed in some countries• Current power plants used to feed EVs still use
highly polluting fuels• RE based charging stations particularly using Solar
PV are more cost effective compared to similar ICE vehicle fuelling station
15/04/2023 Niger Group 20
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Develop and implement relevant policies that support EV market growth in Africa
• Encourage RE based electricity sector to feed EVs sustainably
• Support small scale, off-grid RE based electricity generation to support EV acquisition in rural areas in Africa
15/04/2023 Niger Group 21
Thank you for listening