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Electoral Laws. and the party systems they make. UK Paper Ballot. FL – Butterfly Ballot. Michigan Optical Ballot. Welsh Constituency Ballot. Indian Ballot. Welsh List Ballot. NZ Ballot. German Dual Ballot. Duverger’s Law operates at the district level. UK 1945-97. Charter 88. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Electoral Laws
and the party systems they make
UK Paper Ballot
FL – Butterfly Ballot
Michigan Optical Ballot
Welsh Constituency Ballot
Indian Ballot
Welsh List Ballot
NZ Ballot
German Dual Ballot
Duverger’s Law operates at the district level
SMDP 2 party
SMDM Multiparty, few effective parties
PR multiparty
UK 1945-97
Charter 88
Spanish Elections (PR)
Effective No. Parties
France V Results
German Results
Regional (Sectional) Parties
• USA: Dixiecrats• India: Telegu Desam, AIADMK, DMK, Shiv Sena• UK: SNP, Plaid Cymru, Democratic Unionist,
Sinn Fein• France: Alsace d’abord, Union démocratique
bretonne, Ligue savoisienne, Unione naziunale• Canada: Bloc québécois
Canada – 2004
Canada - 2000
Goals
• Stability• Choice• Equal weighting of votes• Legislature should represent actual distribution of
opinion• Government should represent actual distribution
of opinion• Elected officials ought to have a connection to a
constituency
Electoral Disproportionality
Cabinet Durability
Instability
Allocating Seats
• SMDP & SMDM are easy!
• Borda count (example of use in Baseball)
• Single Transferable Vote (STV)
• Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV)
• Instant Runoff (IRV)
• D’Hondt method
• Sainte-Laguë method
Australian Ballot