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ELC 347
DAY 7
Agenda
Questions Assignment 3 Due Assignment #4 posted
Due next week Group Progress report due next week Exam 2 next week
Same format as before Ghattas 4-8, Project 8-10
Group Project Meeting (30 Min) Progress Report Score 91
Discussion on Scheduling and Microsoft Project and Setting Goals
Individual Capstones October 20 Proposal Due
Scehduling
Issues to resolve Who sets the priorities? How do we set priorities? How do we get everyone to agree? How do we handle foul-ups? Can we really anticipate problems? What about changes?
What is a Schedule?
A schedule is the conversion of a project action plan into an operating timetable. As such, it serves as a fundamental basis for monitoring and controlling project activity and, taken together with the plan and budget, is probably the major tool for the management of projects.
Objectives
Determining work Breakdown structures
Noting precedence relationship Using scheduling tools
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
All jobs are easier when they are broken into smaller pieces!
Develop the project goal yourself Take a cursory pass at defining the
objectives –the preliminary plan Have teams refine the objectives Have teams break down the objectives into
tasks Have doers break down tasks into activities
WBS
Example
Hierarchy of Work
Project Goal (level 1 of WBS) Objectives (Level 2 of WBS)
Tasks (Levels 3-? of WBS) Subtasks (level 4-? Of WBS)
Activities (bottom level of WBS)
Developing Objectives
Done at high level with limited participation Organize by existing functional groups
Accounting Engineering Operations Etc
Other possibilities Major subassemblies Major Parts Skills Major resources
Refining Objectives
Gather the team for a planning session. Present your preliminary plan.
Ask them to refine and finalize the objectives, defining each objective along the three critical dimensions: specs, cost, and time.
Mutually distribute responsibility for each objective. Ask each objective owner to formulate that tasks. Have the
team discuss the tasks in order to ensure continuity of the handoffs. It is also wise to involve the doers in this stage.
Allow the doers to break down tasks into activities. Insist that the activities be small, discreet chucks of work.
Tasks
Task represent one of several major deliverables
At time a task may divide into subtask but the question that should be asked is “Is the subtask a deliverable?” if so that it is really a task
Activities
Basic Building Blocks of a Project Jobs of small enough detail that it is
easy to see the work involved Several hours to several days
Activities need assignments Activity completions is the key
progress monitoring tool for a project
Precedence Relationships
Relationship between activities based on when they occur in relation to each other
Determine sequence of activities Technical requirements Safety and efficiency considerations Policy or preferences decisions Availability of limited resources
Technical Requirements
May force certain sequencing Testing before repairing Write before editing Placing forms before pouring concrete Come to class before taking notes
Safety and Efficiency
Safety First! There are old pilots and bold pilots but
there are no old, bold pilots Disconnect power before repairing
Efficiency Some ordering of activities may save time
and resources Paint walls and laying carpet
Policy or Preference
Policy determines priorities Appearance Budgeting
Examples Vendor certifications prior to contract Inspections Biding procedures Legal requirements Minority preferences
Availability of Resources
Abundance or scarcity Identify your critical resource
Money Skills Equipment
Caution Precedence adds time to a project Creates serialization Fewer precedence ---more parallelization Parallelization is often resource constrained
Scheduling tools
Two basics types Bar charts
Gnatt Charts (horizontal bar) Flow charts
Pert/CPM networks Program evaluation and review technique Critical path networks
Gantt Chart
bar chart that represents the sequence and duration of activities.
Gantt Chart
Gnatt Chart
Advantages Easy to read Provides quick
overview Indicate status Allow for what-if
analysis
Disadvantages Precedence
relationship are hard to display
Tedious to update
Pert/CPM
Shows “flow” of work Activity-on-node
Activity-on-Arrow
Activity 1 Activity 2
Activity 1
Pert for Critical paths
PERT Diagram using Activity On Arrow (AOA) convention
PERT Diagram using Activity On Node (AON) convention
MS Project
Chap 8 - Defining Resources and Costs
Chap 9 - Understanding Resource Scheduling
Chap 10 – Assigning Resource and Costs to tasks
Defining Resources and Costs
Why use resources Provide working schedule for each
resource than project will only schedule tasks during those times
Keeps tracks or resource units allocated Track costs per resource
Entering resources
Use resource sheet
Using Resource dialog
In class
Download and open Class File.mpp Enter each class member as a
resource Enter costs for each Fill out as much of the resource dialog
as you can for each individual Assume standard working times Give everyone a day off in this month
Understanding Resource Scheduling
Resources must be assigned to tasks Project automatically controls resource
allocations based on several factors Predetermined working times Built-in delays Overallocations
Task form view
Adding a resource to a task
Key Fields ID or name Max units
Maximum amount of a specific resource that can be assigned to tasks at a time
Assignment Units How much of a resource is assigned to a task
Task Types
Determines how project calculates allocations
Fixed Units Hours/days expended D * U = W
Fixed Work Amount of effort fixed /duration varaible D * U = W
Fixed Duration D * U = W
Task Types
Assigning resources to Tasks
Select the task settings Task type Effort driven??
Adding resource to tasks
Gantt Chart view or Task sheet view Use resource column
Task information dialog box Resources tab
Select task and use Assign resources tool
In class
Use the Class File.mpp you used earlier Assign resources to all tasks
Use resources defined earlier Check out
Gantt Chart Resource sheet Resource graph
Is there problems?? Leave as is for next class