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6 th Year Spanish Higher Level Lisa Fitzpatrick El Presente Back to basics No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from The Dublin School of Grinds. Ref: 6/sp/h/lf/el presente

El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

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Page 1: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

6th

Year Spanish

Higher Level Lisa Fitzpatrick

El Presente Back to basics

No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission

from The Dublin School of Grinds.

Ref: 6/sp/h/lf/el presente

Page 2: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

Looking to maximise your CAO points?Easter is a crucial time for students to vastly improve on the points that they received in their mock exams. To help students take advantage of this valuable time, The Dublin School of Grinds is running intensive, exam-focused Easter Revision Courses. Each course runs for five days (90 minutes per day). All courses take place in Stillorgan, Co. Dublin.

The focus of these courses is to maximise students’ CAO points.

SPECIAL OFFERBUY 2 COURSES GET A 3RD COURSE FREE

To avail of this offer, early booking is required as courses were fully booked last year.

What do students get at these courses?

9 90 minutes of intensive tuition per day for five days, with Ireland’s leading teachers.

9 Comprehensive study notes.

9 A focus on simple shortcuts to raise students’ grades and exploit the critically important marking scheme.

9 Access to a free supervised study room.

EASTERREVISION COURSES

NOTE: These courses are built on the fact that there are certain predicable trends that reappear over and over again in the State Examinations.

FREE DAILY BUS SERVICE For full information on our Easter bus service, see 3 pages ahead.

To book, call us on 01 442 4442 or book online at www.dublinschoolofgrinds.ie

Access to food and beverage facilities is also available to students.

25% SIBLING DISCOUNT AVAILABLE. Please call 01 442 4442 to avail of this discount.

EASTER REVISION COURSE FEES:6TH YEAR & 5TH YEAR COURSES

PRICE TOTAL SAVINGS

1st Course €295 €295 -

2nd Course €180 €475 €115

3rd Course FREE €475 €410

4th Course €70 €545 €635

5th Course €100 €645 €830

6th Course €100 €745 €1,025

7th Course €100 €845 €1,220

8th Course €50 €895 €1,465

9th Course €50 €945 €1,710

3RD YEAR COURSES

PRICE TOTAL SAVINGS

1st Course €195 €195 -

2nd Course €100 €295 €95

3rd Course FREE €295 €290

4th Course €85 €380 €400

5th Course €50 €430 €545

6th Course €50 €480 €690

7th Course €50 €530 €835

8th Course €50 €580 €980

DSOG Easter 2017 8pg A4 FINAL PRINT.indd 2 20/02/2017 13:25

Page 3: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

Timetable An extensive range of course options are available over a two-week period to cater for students’ timetable needs. Courses are held over the following weeks:

» Monday 10th – Friday 14th April 2017

» Monday 17th – Friday 21st April 2017

All Easter Revision Courses take place in The Talbot Hotel, Stillorgan (formerly known as The Stillorgan Park Hotel).

BUY 2 COURSES &GET A 3RD COURSE

F R E E !

6th Year Easter Revision CoursesSUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME

Accounting H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Agricultural Science H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Applied Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Art History H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

Biology Course A* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Biology Course A* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Biology Course B* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Biology Course B* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Business H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Business H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Chemistry Course A* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Chemistry Course B* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Classical Studies H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

Economics H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Economics H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

English Paper 1* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

English Paper 2* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

English Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

French H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

French H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Geography H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Geography H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

German H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

History (Europe)* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

History (Ireland)* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Home Economics H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Irish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Irish H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Maths Paper 1* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Maths Paper 1* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Maths Paper 1* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Maths Paper 2* H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Maths Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Maths Paper 2* H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Maths O Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Maths O Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Physics H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Spanish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Spanish H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Note: 5th Year students are welcome to attend any of the 6th Year courses above.

* Due to large course content, these subjects have been divided into two courses. For a full list of topics covered in these courses, please see 3 pages ahead.

5th Year Easter Revision CoursesSUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME

English H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

Note: 4th Year students are welcome to attend any of the 5th Year courses listed above.

3rd Year Easter Revision CoursesSUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME

Business Studies

H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

English H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 10:00am - 11:30am

English H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

French H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Geography H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

German H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

History H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Irish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Maths H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 8:00am - 9:30am

Maths H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 10:00am - 11:30am

Maths O Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

Science H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 12:00pm - 1:30pm

Science H Monday 17th - Friday 21st April 8:00am - 9:30am

Spanish H Monday 10th - Friday 14th April 2:00pm - 3:30pm

Note: 2nd Year students are welcome to attend any of the 3rd Year courses above.

6th Year Oral Preparation CoursesWith the Oral marking component worth up to 40%, it is of paramount importance that students are fully prepared for these examinations. These courses will show students how to lead the Examiner towards topics they are prepared for. This will equip students with the information they need to maximise their performance in the State Examinations.

FEES: €140

VENUE: The Talbot Hotel, Stillorgan (formerly The Stillorgan Park Hotel)

SUBJECT LEVEL DATES TIME

French H Sunday 12th March 9:00am - 1:00pm

German H Saturday 11th March 9:00am - 1:00pm

Irish H Sunday 19th March 9:00am - 1:00pm

Spanish H Saturday 11th March 2:00pm - 6:00pm

To book, call us on 01 442 4442 or book online at www.dublinschoolofgrinds.ie

DSOG Easter 2017 8pg A4 FINAL PRINT.indd 3 20/02/2017 13:25

Page 4: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 2 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Personal Pronouns

Yo

Él/Ella

Nosotros

Vosotros

Ellos/Ellas

I

You

He/She

We

You

They

1st person singular

2nd person singular

3rd person singular

1st person plural

2nd person plural

3rd person plural

Note: Unlike English, in the Spanish language, each person has a distinctive, individual verb

ending. Therefore, it is not necessary to use personal pronouns; the verb-ending indicates who

or what is the subject of the sentence.

The present tense in Spanish just as in English is used to describe events and actions that are

repetitive, habitual or routine. Therefore, sentences in the present tense are often used with the

following time expressions:

siempre always

todos los días everyday

cada día each day

cada martes every Tuesday

a veces sometimes

a menudo often

una vez a la semana once a week

una vez al mes once a month

dos veces al/a la... twice a …

los sábados on Saturdays

todos los lunes every Monday

normalmente normally

Siempre hago mis deberes a las cinco.

Me lavo los dientes todos los días.

Cada día vengo al colegio en autobús.

Cada martes mis amigos y yo jugamos al fútbol.

A veces voy al teatro con mis padres.

Visito a mis abuelos a menudo.

Voy de compras una vez a la semana.

Recibo una carta de Sarah una vez al mes.

Entreno con mi equipo dos veces a la semana.

Los sábados paso el día en el centro con mis amigos.

Preparo la cena en casa todos los lunes.

Normalmente cojo el autobús para ir al instituto.

Page 5: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 3 Lisa Fitzpatrick

To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the

appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular or irregular in the present

tense.

Infinitive Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

AR o/oy as a amos áis an

ER o/oy es e emos éis en

IR o/oy es e imos ís en

Reflexive Pronoun me te se nos os se

1st, 2nd & 3rd persons singular 1st, 2nd & 3rd persons plural

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

1st singular 2nd singular 3rd

singular 1st plural 2nd

plural 3rd plural

o/oy as a amos áis an

o/oy es e emos éis en

o/oy es e imos ís en

REGULAR VERBS

Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the infinitive verb on the right.

e.g. Los estudiantes estudian siete asignaturas en el instituto. estudiar

1. Cuando voy al cine siempre __________ palomitas. comer

2. Mi vecino __________ coches de segunda mano. vender

3. Mi amiga me __________ cinco veces al día. llamar

4. Mis padres __________ a mis abuelos todos los domingos. visitar a

5. Mi tío __________ en una oficina en el centro de la ciudad. trabajar

6. Los estudiantes __________ a París el lunes por la mañana. viajar

7. Mi primo __________ un correo electrónico cada semana a su tía en Argentina. escribir

8. Los sábados por la noche mi hermana _________ a unos niños. cuidar

9. Los futbolistas profesionales __________ demasiado dinero. ganar

10. Nosotros __________ un montón en la clase de informática. aprender

11. El perro __________ agua cuando tiene sed. beber

12. No hablo muy bien en español pero siempre lo __________. intentar

Page 6: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 4 Lisa Fitzpatrick

13. ¿A qué hora __________ el tren? llegar

14. Los chicos del barrio __________ coches en verano. lavar

15. Pablo y María __________ tres idiomas distintos. hablar

REFLEXIVE VERBS

Reflexive verbs are a set of verbs which require a reflexive pronoun to proceed the conjugated

verb. Reflexive verbs are easy to recognize because the infinitive form ends in SE.

reflexive pronoun + verb

Subject Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

Reflexive Pronouns me te se nos os se

Verb endings AR/ER/IR verbs

o/oy as/es a/e amos/emos/imos áis/éis/ís an/en

Common Reflexive Verbs

levantarse

ducharse

lavarse

peinarse

llamarse

enamorarse

equivocarse

get up

have a shower

wash oneself

brush ones hair

name is …

fall in love

to be wrong

bañarse

casarse

quedarse

pintarse

separarse

emborracharse

preocuparse

have a swim

get married

stay

put on makeup

separate

get drunk

to worry/be concerned

maquillarse

llevarse

afeitarse

divorciarse

alojarse

atreverse

recuperarse

put on make-up

get along with

shave

get divorced

stay

dare/to be brave…

to get better (sick)

Pon la forma adecuada del presente (verbos reflexivos)

Yo (levantarse) _______________ a las ocho menos cuarto y (ducharse) _______________ a las

ocho. Después tomo el desayuno. Mi hermano no (levantarse) _______________ hasta las ocho y

media. No (ducharse) _______________ por la mañana pero siempre (afeitarse) _______________.

Radical Changing Verbs which are also Reflexive

e → ie o → ue o → ue e → i

despertarse wake up

sentarse sit down

acostarse go to bed

esforzarse put in effort/ try very hard

acordarse to remember

probarse try on smthg

vestirse get dressed

encontrarse (bien/mal)

feel (well/unwell)

Page 7: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 5 Lisa Fitzpatrick

RADICAL-CHANGING VERBS They have regular AR, ER or IR endings

Subject Yo Tú Él/Ella/Usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

Verb endings o as/es a/e amos/emos/imos áis/éis/ís an/en

Reflexive Pronouns me te se nos os se

There is a spell change for each person except for the 1st and 2

nd person plural - nosotros & vosotros

The spell change applies to the present tense only

AR Verbs ER Verbs IR Verbs

e → ie o → ue e → ie o → ue e → ie e → i

pensar think

calentar heat (up)

cerrar close

despertarse* wake up

empezar start

temblar shake

merendar have tea/snack

regar water (plants)

comenzar begin

sentarse to sit down

negar to deny/refuse

u → ue jugar to play

contar count/tell (story)

acostarse* to go to bed

acordarse* remember

soñar (con) dream

sonar ring/sound

costar cost

mostrar show

encontrar find/meet

recordar remember

volar fly

colgar hang up

querer want

perder lose

defender defend

encender light up/switch on

entender understand

atender serve/look after

tender a tend to

poder can/be able

soler + infinitivo usually

mover move

volver return/come back

devolver return (item/money)

envolver to wrap

envolverse to become

involved

resolver to solve

llover rain

doler to hurt

mentir lie

divertirse* enjoy oneself

preferir prefer

sentir feel

hervir boil

invertir invest

advertir warn/give notice

convertir change/convert

o → ue

morir die

dormir sleep

pedir ask

corregir correct

despedir see off

repetir repeat

seguir continue/follow

servir serve/be useful

vestirse* get dressed

medir measure

reír laugh

servir serve

Note * radical changing verbs that are also reflexive

Page 8: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 6 Lisa Fitzpatrick

RADICAL-CHANGING VERBS

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the radical-changing verbs on the right

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Normalmente mi padre ______________ a casa a las seis.

Tú ______________ visitarme cuando quieres.

Mis amigos ______________ ir al partido.

Mi hermana ______________ con ser actriz.

Los estudiantes ______________ un descanso más largo.

En septiembre mi hermana ______________ en la universidad.

Soy irlandés, no ______________ lo que me estás diciendo.

¿Cuánto ______________ la falda negra?

Cuando hace frío yo siempre ______________ todas las ventanas.

Nosotros ______________ en los víctimas del atentado.

Mi hermana ______________ hacer sus deberes después de cenar.

Los estudiantes ______________ mucho en el viaje fin de curso.

Mi profesor ______________ hablar cinco idiomas.

Vosotros ______________ comer en un chino o un italiano.

Pablo es muy cariñoso y siempre lo ______________.

volver

poder

querer

soñar

pedir

empezar

entender

costar

cerrar

pensar

soler + infin

divertirse

poder

preferir

mostrar

Page 9: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 7 Lisa Fitzpatrick

VERBOS IRREGULARES EN EL PRESENTE Verbs that change in the 1st person singular only

Infinitivo DAR HACER PONER SALIR SABER CAER COGER CONOCER

to give to make/do to put to go out to know (smthg) to fall to take to know (someone)

Yo doy hago pongo salgo sé caigo cojo conozco

Tú das haces pones sales sabes caes coges conoces

Él/Ella da hace pone sale sabe cae coge conoce

Usted da hace pone sale sabe cae coge conoce

Nosotros damos hacemos ponemos salimos sabemos caemos cogemos conocemos

Vosotros dais hacéis ponéis salís sabéis caéis cogéis conocéis

Ellos/Ellas dan hacen ponen salen saben caen cogen conocen

Ustedes dan hacen ponen salen saben caen cogen conocen

Verbs that have various irregularities Totally irregular

Infinitive OÍR DECIR TENER VENIR SER ESTAR IR

to hear to say/tell to have to come to be to be to go

Yo oigo digo tengo vengo soy estoy voy

Tú oyes dices tienes vienes eres estás vas

Él/Ella oye dice tiene viene es está va

Usted oye dice tiene viene es está va

Nosotros oímos decimos tenemos venimos somos estamos vamos

Vosotros oís decís tenéis venís sois estáis vais

Ellos/Ellas oyen dicen tienen vienen son están van

Ustedes oyen dicen tienen vienen son están van

Page 10: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 8 Lisa Fitzpatrick

SER & ESTAR

In Spanish, there are two verbs for the English verb ‘to be’. Depending on the context in

Spanish either the verb SER or the verb ESTAR is used. Let’s look at both of these verbs, how

they are conjugated & when we use them.

VERBS ‘TO BE’

SER

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

soy eres es somos sois son

Note: SER is associated with permanency and elements that are not usually subject to change. SER is used in the following contexts:

nationality

origin

Somos italianos. Soy irlandés. Pablo es español.

El té es chino. Los zapatos son italianos.

profession Inés es dentista. Mi padre es mecánico.

possession El libro es mío. El coche es de Carlos.

religion Irlanda es un país católico.

truth La película es interesante. El libro es bonito.

fact El cielo es azul. Las fresas son dulces.

time ¿Qué hora es? Es la una. Son las tres y media.

events La fiesta es en mi casa. La exposición es en el museo.

description Mi padre es alto. Mi madre es generosa.

quantities (entire units) ¿Cuánto es? Son 30 euros.

Ejemplos

¿De dónde eres? (You are always from the same place)

Soy de Dublín. (I am always from Dublin)

Page 11: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 9 Lisa Fitzpatrick

ESTAR

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

estoy estás está estamos estáis están

Note: ESTAR is associated with elements that are temporary and subject to change with one

exception, location of immobile objects.

ESTAR is used in the following contexts…

feelings Estoy contenta. Estamos nerviosos.

humour Estamos cansados. Están enfadados.

location El Banco de España está en la Plaza

continuous tenses ¿Qué estás haciendo? Estoy mirando la tele.

¿Qué tiempo hace? Está nevando y hace mucho frío. Está lloviendo.

Mi padre está trabajando.

quantities

(partial units)

El kilo de tomates está a un euro.

El dólar está a 106 céntimos.

Ejemplos

¿Comó estás? (How are you? - now)

Estoy bien. (You are well now but that could change - temporary)

Although a location can often refer to immobile objects, landmarks etc. that are permanently in

the same location; all references to location of both mobile and immobile objects take ESTAR

and not SER as one would expect

Ejemplos:

Madrid está en España. El banco está en la Plaza. (immobile/permanent - location)

Mi casa está cerca del mar. Cork está en el sur de Irlanda.

*Note: Madrid está en España. (Use estar even though Madrid is always in Spain)

Estoy en el supermercado. Mi padre está en la oficina. (mobile/temporary)

Page 12: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 10 Lisa Fitzpatrick

The Principles Uses of the verbs SER & ESTAR

SER

origin

profession

nationality

telling the time

facts

descriptions

location

feelings

ESTAR

Page 13: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 11 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Ser & Estar

Querido Pablo:

Me llamo Jack y tengo catorce años. Yo (1)estoy de Irlanda pero mi padre (2)es

de Francia y mi madre (3)está de Irlanda del Norte. Vivimos en Cork. Mi

casa(4)está en la ciudad. Mi padre (5)está médico y mi madre (6)es contable y

yo (7)soy estudiante. Mi instituto(8)es cerca de mi casa y (9)está bastante

grande y moderno. Hoy yo (10)soy muy contento porque mañana vamos de

excursión y no tenemos clases. Vamos a Glendalough, (11)está un sitio muy

interesante y (12)está en el condado de Wicklow. ¿Cómo (13)eres tú? Yo

(14)soy bien. Escríbeme pronto.

Un abrazo

Jack

For verbs 1 – 14 say whether they are correct (√) or incorrect (X)

If a verb is incorrect write the correct verb into the box on the right

√ or X El verbo correcto √ or X El verbo corecto

1. e.g. X soy de Irlanda 8.

2. 9.

3. 10.

4. 11.

5. 12.

6. 13.

7. 14.

Page 14: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 12 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Ser & Estar

Eligir el verbo correcto en cada frase y explicar tu decisión

Circle the correct verb in each sentence and explain your decision

Las frases Explicación

1. Ejemplo: Pablo es/está de Madrid. nationality

2. La farmacia es/está en la Plaza Mayor.

3. Yo soy/estoy muy cansado.

4. El perro es/está negro y blanco.

5. ¿Qué hora es/está?

6. Hola María ¿Cómo eres/estás?

7. ¿De dónde eres/estás?

8. Mis padres son/están contentos hoy.

9. Mis amigos y yo somos/estamos en el cine.

10. Hoy es/está viernes.

Use the adjectives below to describe Teresa & Carlos and to express how they feel

El Verbo “Ser” El verbo “estar”

Teresa es …. Carlos es … Teresa está… Carlos está

alta

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

cansado

__________________

__________________

__________________

generoso sorprendido contenta delgada bajo

alta simpático enfadado asustada trabajador

guapa aburrido triste mala rubia cansado

Page 15: El Presente · To conjugate a verb in Spanish in the present tense simply drop the AR, ER or IR and add the appropriate verb ending. These are the endings are for all verbs, regular

© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 13 Lisa Fitzpatrick

¿Cómo están estas personas?

cansado/a malo/a asustado/a aburrido/a enfadado/a

contento/a sorprendido/a nervioso/a confuso/a triste

1. Sara está en casa. No hay electricidad. No puede ver la televisión, no puede jugar a la videoconsola ni

escuchar la radio y sus amigas no quieren salir. Sara está muy _______________.

2. Miguel está muy _______________ porque tiene un examen muy importante mañana.

3. Santiago está de vacaciones en Gran Canaria. No tiene que ir al trabajo. Puede ir a la playa, coger sol

y bañarse en la piscina. Santiago está muy _______________.

4. Es el cumpleaños de María y cuando vuelve a casa después del trabajo… todos sus amigos y su familia

están en su casa con regalos para ella y una tarta de chocolate. María está muy _______________.

5. Carlos es médico y trabaja catorce horas todos los días. Trabaja también los fines de semana. Carlos

está muy _______________.

6. Elena es profesora de matemáticas y no le gusta mucho su trabajo. Cuando los estudiantes no hacen

los deberes Elena está muy _______________.

7. Pedro tiene doler de la cabeza y de la garganta y tiene fiebre. Va a ir al doctor está tarde, quizás

necesita un antibiótico. Pedro está _______________.

8. Sara tiene un perro muy bonito y ella adora su perro. Hoy tuvo un accidente con un coche y está en

el veterinario. Sara está muy _______________.

9. Es la noche de Halloween y Andrea está solo en casa. Ve una película de terror y piensa que hay un

monstruo en el desván. Andrea está _______________.

10. Francisco está en París no entiende el mapa y no sabe dónde está su hotel y no se acuerda el nombre

del hotel. Está perdido. Francisco está muy _______________.

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 14 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Write in the missing adjectives. Make sure they agree in gender and quantity

DESCRIPTIVOS

MASCULINO FEMENINO

SINGULAR O/E PLURAL OS/ES SINGULAR O/A PLURAL AS/ES

ES SON ES SON

tall alto altos alta altas

short bajos

ugly feo fea

good-looking guapos

big grande

small pequeños

slim/thin delgada

fat gordas

blonde rubio

dark morena

red hair pelirojo

clever inteligente

fun divertidas

kind/nice simpaticos

generous generosa

silly tonto

friendly amables

good bueno

cheerful alegre

boring aburridos

interesting interesante

¿Cómo es tu …?

Mi padre es ________________________________________________________________________

Mi madre es ________________________________________________________________________

Mi amiga/o es _______________________________________________________________________

IRREGULAR VERBS

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 15 Lisa Fitzpatrick

TENER

One of the most useful verbs in the Spanish language is the verb TENER. It is an irregular verb that has many uses.

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen

Key Point When TENER is followed by an adjective it is often translated into English by using the verb to BE

TENER TO BE TENER TO BE

sed

hambre

frío

calor

años

éxito

thirsty

hungry

cold

hot

years old

successful

prisa

sueño

razón

suerte

miedo

cuidado

in a hurry

sleepy

Right

lucky

afraid

careful

tener ganas de + infinitivo to look forward to …

tener que + infinitivo to have to do smthg

tener lugar to take place

Ejemplos:

Tengo hambre. I am hungry.

No tenemos miedo. We are not afraid.

Mi hermana tiene 13 años. My sister is 13 years old.

Mi hermano no tiene frío. My brother isn’t cold.

¿Tienes sed? Are you thirst?

Siempre tengo prisa. I am always in a hurry.

Me duelen los dientes. Tengo que ir al dentista. My teeth hurt; I have to go to the dentist.

Tengo que estudiar por un examen de historia. I have to study for a history exam.

No tengo ganas de ir a casa. I don’t fancy going home.

Tenemos ganas de verte. We are looking forward to seeing you.

Los juegos olímpicos tienen lugar en Londres en 2012. The Olympic Games take place in London in 2012

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 16 Lisa Fitzpatrick

¿Qué se tiene que hacer? Match each sentence 1 – 10 with a sentence from a) – j)

1. A Pablo le duele la garganta y tiene fiebre. a) Tienen que repasar esta tarde.

2. Elena no tiene dinero en efectivo en la cartera. b) El club tiene que cancelar el partido de fútbol.

3. Mañana los alumnos tienen un examen de inglés. c) Tengo que ir al centro para comprar regalos de Navidad.

4. Mi hermana se casa en Lisboa. d) Tiene que pagarla dentro de diez días.

5. Es el 21 de diciembre. e) María tiene que ir a buscarlos.

6. Mi tío tiene una multa de ochenta euros. f) Tiene que buscar un empleo.

7. Los niños salen del colegio a las tres. g) Tiene que acudir al medico.

8. Hace mucho frío y mucho viento. h) Tienen que facturar una hora antes de la salida.

9. Daniel está en paro (no tiene trabajo). i) Tiene que encontrar un cajero automático.

10. Mis padres viajan a Barcelona el sábado. j) Toda la familia tiene que reservar un vuelo a Portugal.

Repuestas (answers)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

g)

Hay

Hay translates into English as there is or there are (In Spanish there is no distinction made)

Hay can be followed by ….

un/una and singular noun hay un libro sobre la mesa.

hay una llave en la puerta.

a plural noun hay flores sobre la mesa.

hay niños en el jardín.

a number or quantity hay dos profesores en el patio.

hay medio kilo de manzanas en el bol. hay muchas chicas en el club

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 17 Lisa Fitzpatrick

‘Hay’ can never precede el/la/los/las hay el libro… hay las flores…

The verb ‘estar’ should be used instead El libro está … Las flores están…

‘Hay’ translates as ‘there is’ when it is followed by un or una

Hay un gato en el jardín There is a cat in the garden

Hay una mujer en la tienda. There is a woman in the shop.

‘Hay’ translates as ‘there are’ when it is followed by unos or unas (some) or a plural noun

Hay unos alumnos en el patio. There are some pupils in the yard.

Hay alumnos en el patio. There are some pupils in the yard.

Now translate these sentences into English:

1

2

3

4

5

6

Hay cinco estudiantes en el aula.

No hay leche en la nevera.

Hay miles de participantes en el concurso.

Hay un campo de fútbol al lado de mi casa.

No hay un restaurante chino en el pueblo.

¿Hay muchos estudiantes en tu colegio?

7

8

9

10

11

12

No hay una explicación.

Hay una oficina de correos en la plaza.

¿Cuántas personas hay en tu familia?

Hay muchos periódicos sobre el sofá.

No hay galletas en la caja.

¿Hay clases de inglés mañana?

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 18 Lisa Fitzpatrick

GUSTAR

The final group of verbs in the present tense is unique.

These verbs you could say are back to front and the best known example is gustar ‘to like’.

With gustar, it’s a case of something pleasing you rather than you actively liking something.

Gustar does not conjugate in the same way as the verbs we have already looked at

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

gusto

gustas

gusta

gustamos

gustáis

gustan

Therefore…

If you like something singular or if you like an activity you say it pleases and use the 3rd person

singular gusta.

If you like something plural you say they please and use the 3rd person plural gustan.

The pronoun preceding gusta or gustan are called indirect object pronouns and they indicate who

is pleased, i.e. who likes something

Let’s look at the following sentences in detail.

I like books I = subject of the sentence like = verb books = direct object

They like the film They = subject of the sentence like = verb the film = direct object

In English, it is grammatically correct to form a sentence where the subject actively ‘likes’ a direct

object. However, in Spanish, this is not the case at all.

In English, we say: I like books

They like the film

In Spanish, we literally say: The books are pleasing to me Me gustan los libros

The film is pleasing to them Les gusta la película

Nevertheless, both versions essentially mean the very same thing.

The books are pleasing to me The books (los libros) = subject of the sentence

Me gustan los libros to me (me) = indirect object

Let’s look at another example: Me gusta el fútbol

Literal translation: To me is pleasing the football

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 19 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Real translation: I like football

To me is pleasing the football

Because football is pleasing (it) we use the 3rd person singular of the verb gusta

Used to emphasise

or clarify

Gusta + Singular noun (el __/la__) Or Infinitive verb

Note

gusta is used when someone

likes either a singular noun (la

música, el pan, el chocolate) or

an activity (ir al cine, jugar al

fútbol). Do not to omit the

article el or la before the

singular noun.

a mí

a tí

a él/ella

a nosotros

a vosotros

a ellos/a ellas

Me

Te

Le

Nos

Os

Les

gusta

gusta

gusta

gusta

gusta

gusta

la música

viajar

el pan

jugar al fútbol

la gente española

ir al cine

Plural noun (los ____/las ____) Note

gustan (3rd person plural) is

used when someone likes a

plural noun. (The things,

they are pleasing

tosomeone.) Do not to omit

the article los or las before

the plural noun.

a mí

a tí

a él/ella

a nosotros

a vosotros

a ellos/a ellas

Me

Te

Le

Nos

Os

Les

gustan

gustan

gustan

gustan

gustan

gustan

los libros

las matemáticas

los deportes

las flores

los video juegos

los animales

Le gusta la comida

This could mean any of the following:

He likes the food

Spanish Me gusta el fútbol

English I like football

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She likes the food

It likes the food

In order to specify who likes the food, we can use a prepositional phrase:

A él A + person A Pablo

A ella A + person A Elena

A + noun Al perro /Al gato

A él le gusta la comida. A Pablo le gusta la comida.

A ella le gusta la comida. A Elena le gusta la comida.

Al perro le gusta la comida. Al gato le gusta la comida.

The prepositional phrase is also used give emphasis.

Ejemplo: Me gusta el teatro pero a tí te gusta el cine.

A tí is not necessary in the sentence. However, it used to give emphasis and, in this case, to highlight the

difference in tastes.

A mí me gusta jugar al tenis, a mi hermano le gusta jugar al rugby y a mis padres les gusta jugar

al golf. A mí me gusta el chocolate pero no me gustan las verduras. A mi hermano le gusta el

café pero no le gusta la leche. A mis padres les gusta el vino pero no les gustan las patatas fritas.

As you can see from the examples, whether gusta or gustan is used depends on what pleases someone (what someone likes)

Don’t forget!

gusta is always followed by either a definite article el/la or an infinitive verb

gustan is always followed by los or las

Note* If you want to say you like a person or a place name, you do not need to use el or la. Ejemplos: Me gusta Pablo. Me gusta María. Me gusta Madrid. Me gusta España.

¿Te gusta? or ¿Te gustan?

To say to what negree you like something you can use the following;

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me gusta or me gustan with bastante, mucho, un montón or no … nada

Look at these examples;

Ejemplos ¿Te gusta leer? Sí, me gusta bastante leer.

¿Te gustan los deportes? Sí, me gustan los deportes un montón.

¿Te gusta el té? No, no me gusta nada el té.

¿Te gusta el helado? Sí, me gusta el helado muchísimo.

¿Te gusta?

¿Te gustan?

Un poco (a bit)

Mucho (a lot)

un montón (a lot)

no … nada (not…at all)

Other verbs which are similar to gustar

encantar (to love something) doler o → ue (hurt) importar to care about/mind

molestar to bother or annoy faltar to lack aburrir to bore

quedar (to remain/be left) fascinar to fascinate interesar to be of interest

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DOLER

Doler is a radical-changing verb o → ue

It is similar to the verb gustar.

When revising the use of doler, you must also revise ailments and parts of the body.

EL CUERPO the body

la ________

la ________

la ______

los ________

la ______

el ______

la _______

el _______

los ______

el _________

la ________

la ________

el _____

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DOLER

As with gustar, when you use doler it’s a case of something hurting or paining you rather than

you doing an action. This is closer to the English (my head hurts) so therefore it is an easier

concept to understand than with the verb gustar.

If something singular hurts you or if doing something hurts you say it hurts and you use the 3rd

person singular duele.

If something plural hurts you say they hurt and use the 3rd person plural duelen

The pronoun preceding duele or duelen are called indirect object pronouns and they indicate

who is hurt.

Used to emphasise

or clarify

Duele + Singular noun (el ___/la___)

or … al + Infinitive verb

Note

Duele (3rd

person singular) is used

when it hurts, i.e. either a singular

noun (el brazo, la boca) or an

action (al comer, al hablar, al

bailar). Do not to omit the article el

or la before the singular noun.

a mí

a tí

a él/ella

a nosotros

a vosotros

a ellos/a ellas

Me

Te

Le

Nos

Os

Les

duele

duele

duele

duele

duele

duele

la pierna

el brazo

la nariz

la oreja

la cabeza

la rodilla

Used to emphasise

or clarify Plural noun (los ____/las ____)

Note

Duelen (3rd person plural) is used

when something plural hurts. (The

things, they are hurting someone.)

Do not to omit the article los or las

before the plural noun.

a mí

a tí

a él/ella

a nosotros

a vosotros

a ellos/a ellas

Me

Te

Le

Nos

Os

Les

duelen

duelen

duelen

duelen

duelen

duelen

los dientes

los oídos

los pies

los dedos

las manos

los ojos

In English, we say: I have a headache/My head hurts

In Spanish, we say: To me hurts the head /Me duele la cabeza

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Key Point Unlike in English we do not use a possessive pronoun before parts of the body in Spanish

In English my head whereas in Spanish, la cabeza not mi cabeza

Me duele la espalda. Literal translation: To me hurts the back.

Real translation: I have a backache/My back hurts

Key Point Because the back (it) hurts, we use the 3rd person singular of the verb duele.

Le duele el estómago

This could mean any of the following

His tummy aches

Her tummy aches

Its tummy aches

Key Point In order to specify who is in pain, we can use a prepositional phrase:

A él A + person A Pablo

A ella A + person A Elena

A + noun Al perro /al gato

A él le duele el estómago./A Pablo le duele el estómago.

A ella le gusta la comida./A Elena le duele el estómago.

Al perro le duele el estómago. /Al gato le duele el estómago.

The prepositional phrase is also used give emphasis.

Me duele el brazo y a tí, te duelen los dientes. (However, a tí is not necessary in the sentence. It can also

however be used to give emphasis).

Literally The back hurts to me

Spanish Me duele la espalda

English I have a backache

My back hurts

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 25 Lisa Fitzpatrick

Don’t forget! duele is always followed by either a definite article el/la or an infinitive verb

duelen is always followed by los or las

Just as with gustar, the verb doler can be used w, ith un poco (a little), mucho (a lot), un montón (a lot) and

no … nada (no, not at all), muchísimo

Ejemplos ¿Te duele el brazo? Sí, me duele un poco.

¿Te duele la boca? Sí, me duele mucho la boca.

¿Te duele la pierna? Sí, me duele la pierna un montón.

¿Te duelen los ojos? No, no me duelen nada los ojos.

Fill in the gaps below:

1. Me duele ______ cabeza un poco.

2. A mi padre, le __________ mucho la espalda.

3. A nosotros, nos __________ ______ estómago un montón.

4. A los estudiantes, ______ __________ las piernas después de jugar el partido.

5. A mi hermano, le __________ los pies y le __________ al correr.

6. A mí, no me __________ nada el brazo.

7. Al niño le __________ ______ ojos un montón.

8. ¿A tí, te _________ la garganta? ¿Te __________ cuando hablas?

Key Point to express just feeling generally unwell we use the verb “encontrarse”

Encontrarse (o → ue) bien/mal = to be felling well/unwell

Yo Tú Él/Ella Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas

me encuentro te encuentras se encuentra nos encontramos os encontráis se encuentran

Key Point to say you have a cold estar constipado/a

to have a temperature “tener fiebre”

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© The Dublin School of Grinds Page 26 Lisa Fitzpatrick

¿Qué te pasa? What’s up? ¿Estás bien? Are you okay?

Under each image write what is wrong with you

1.

_________________________

2.

_________________________

3.

_________________________

4.

_________________________

5.

_________________________

6.

________________________

8.

_________________________

9.

_________________________

7.

_________________________