Ekstenziometrijske metode ispitivanja

8/18/2019 Ekstenziometrijske metode ispitivanja

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BOSNA I HERCEGOVINAFEDERACIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINEUNSKO-SANSKI KANTONJU MJEŠOVITA SREDNJA ŠKOLA “SAFET KRUPIĆ“

BOSANSKA KRUPA

MATURSKI RAD

Bosanska K!"a#$%&'($%&)*+o,na

U.ENIK-CA S/a, G/01

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BOSNA I HERCEGOVINAFEDERACIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

UNSKO-SANSKI KANTONOPĆINA BOSANSKA KRUPA

JU MJEŠOVITA SREDNJA ŠKOLA “SAFET KRUPIĆ“BOSANSKA KRUPA

2ADATAK

P/,3/4 5 Is"46an7/ 3a8nsk9 kons4!k:7a

T/3a 5 Eks4/n0o3/47sk/ 3/4o,/ s"46an7a

Ra0a,a5 &*;U6o,

$*;Vs4/ s"46an7a


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&*UVOD

Po, "o73o3 3a8nsk/ kons4!k:7/ "o,a0!37/6a s/ 3a8nsk ss4/3# ,o3a8nsko+ ss4/3a = ,o 3a8n/ ko7 68 o,//n! ?!nk:7!*Ma8nsk3 kons4!k:7a3a o!96a4a3o :7/=ok!"n! o=as4 3a8nsk/ 4/9nk/# o,

3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a /=/3/na4a k=no6a# 0a64n7/6a# 0!"@anka# =/a7a;# "a ,o 6/=k93a8nsk9 ss4/3a 4/3o 9,o:/n4a=a# /=7/0aa# a6ona 4,* P/3a "oa@!n! kao"o@/4no7 ?a0 kons4!san7a# kons4!k4o @/s4o n/ 3o/ 4/o7sk !0/4 s6/ !4:a7n/?ak4o/ ko7 s/ o,nos/ na +=a6n/ kaak4/s4k/ kons4!k:7/*S6a o6a s"46an7a 3o+! s/ "o,7/=4 ! 4 +!"/5

a; s"46an7/ "/?o3an:# o,nosno ?!nk:ona=n9 kaak4/s4ka 3a8nsko+ ss4/3a

; s"46an7/ a,n9 o"4//1/n7a !s=o6a "o, ko73a s/ ss4/3 /ks"=oa4a:7/# kao n7/+o6 sas4a6n ,7/=o6# sk=o"o6 !/a7

:; s"46an7/ "o!0,anos4# o,nosno s"osonos4 o@!6an7a ?0@k9 ?!nk:ona=n9kaak4/s4ka ! o,//no3 "/o,! 6/3/na# "o, o,//n3 a,n3 o"4//1/n73a !s=o63a a,a*

D!+a "o,7/=a o69 s"46an7a 3o/ s/ oa64 "/3a5

a; kaak4/s4ka3a s"46an7a#; 37/s4! s"46an7a#:; "/,3/4! s"46an7a#,; ?a0a3a s"46an7a#

/; s/,s463a# a"aa4! !/a73a 0a s"46an7/*a) Karakteristike ispitivanja

Pos4o7 6/=k o7 a0=@49 s"46an7a# a ! 0a6snos4 o, :=7a# 0a,a4aka na37/n/kons4!k:7/ == n7/n9 ,7/=o6a*Na7@/81/ s/ s"4!7! s=7/,/1/ kaak4/s4k/5 46,o1a#@6s4o1a# =a6os4# o4"onos4 na 9aan7/# o4"onos4 na koo07!# ,na3@ka 0,=76os4#4a@nos4"/:0nos4;# s4/"/n sko81/n7a sk=o"a = 3a8n/# a,n !@nak# 67/k 4a7an7a4,*

b) Mjesto ispitivanja

Is"46an7a 3o+! ,a s/ 68/ ! =aoa4o73# 84o s! 406* Laoa4o7ska s"46an7a 6an=aoa4o7a- 406* Eks"=oa4a:ona s"46an7aU =aoa4o7a3a s/ s"4!7! /"!6/4/# 3a8nsk /=/3/n4# "o,sk=o"o6 sk=o"o6 3a8n/# o,nosno /=a46no 3an7 3a8nsk s4/3* 2a 6/1/ 3a8n/# o,nosno3a8nsk/ ss4/3/ ko7 4/a /ks"/3/n4a=no ,a s/ s"4!7! "a6/ s/ 3o,/=*Mo,/= s! ?0@k +aa4no s3an7/n/ 3a8n/ 3a8nsk ss4/3 ko7 s/ 3o+! !=aoa4o7a3a s"4a4 3o/ s/ ,o1 ,o n79o69 kaak4/s4ka*

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c) Predmet ispitivanja

Is"46an7a s/ 68/ na5-/"!6/4a3a#-3a8nsk3 /=/3/n43a#

-3a8nsk3 "o,sk=o"o63a sk=o"o63a#-3a8na3a# o,nosno 3a8nsk3 ss4/33a*

d) Faze ispitivanja

Is"46an7a s/ 3o+! 684 ! 68/ ?a0a# 4o 4oko3 kons4!san7a# 0a,/# 3on4a/#/ks"=o4a:7/# !9o,a6an7a "os=7/ 9aan7/* e) Sredstva, aparature i uređaji za ispitivanje

Is"46an7/ s/ 68 "o3o1! s/,s4a6a# a"aa4a !/a7a# kao 84o s!5 k,an7/# !/a7

sa 0a46o/n3 ko=o3 sna+/# /+s4a:on !/a7# /=/k4onsk "o7a@6a@# ?/k6/n4n+/n/a4o# os:=osko"# 3kosko"# a,n/ ko3o/ ,* #a ! 0a6snos4 o,kaak4/s4ka "/,3/4a s"46an7a

$*VRSTE ISPITIVANJA

Ispitivanjem epruveta o,//n9 6/=@na# o=ka k6a=4/4a oa,/ ,o7a7! s/na76an7/ 3/9an@k/ oson/ 3a4/7a=a ko7/ s! "o4/n/ 0a "oa@!n 3a8nsk/kons4!k:7/46,o1a# @s4o1a# /=as4@nos4# =a6os4;*Pon/ka, s/ 3o+! 7a64 +/8k/ " kons4!san7! 3a8nsk9 /=/3/na4a = " 0a,*2a4o s/ s"46an7/3 3a8nsk9 /=/3/na4a 0a o,+o6on7/“ kons4!k:7/ ,o7a7!s46an 4/9n@k "aa3/4 "o3o1! ko79 o46a3o /6/n4!a=n/ +/8k/ ko+!7/3o4/o7sk/ "os4a6k/*Ispitivanje sklopova i podsklopova 7/ 0na@a7na ?a0a " kons4!san7!* Po/,3o+!19 kons4!k:7sk9 +/8aka +/8aka " 0a,# 4oko3 sk=a"an7a 3a8nsk9/=/3/na4a 3on4a/; 3o+!1/ s! +/8k/ ko7/ s/ s"46an7/3 3o+! !o@4 o4k=on4*Ispitivanje mašina# o,nosno 3a8nsk9 ss4/3a 3o/ ,a !,/ na 3o,/=!

s3an7/no7 kons4!k:7; = na o+na=!# kons4!k:7 ! "a6o7 6/=@n* Na 4a7 na@n,o7a3o 3/!son !4:a7 "o,sk=o"o6a sk=o"o6a na ?!nk:ona=n/ 3a8nsk/kons4!k:7/#O63 s"46an7/3 o!96a1/n s! s6 !4:a7 na 4a7 na@n ,o7a3o/0!=4!7!1/# s46an/ "aa3/4/# ko7 s! na7"o0na47 0a o:7/n! 6a=7anos4 kons4!k:7/n"*# a,n !@nak # s4/"/n sko81/n7a# /kono3ka# @s4o1a# s4a=nos4# ,*;Eksploataciona ispitivanja s/ 68/ na 3a8na3a# o,nosno 3a8nsk3 ss4/33a !s46an3 a,n3 o,nos3a ! ,!/3 6/3/nsko3 "/o,!*Na 4a7 na@n ,o7a3o/0!=4!7!1/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a8nsk/ kons4!k:7/ ! /ks"=oa4a:on3 !s=o63a*

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Metode ispitivanja

Pos4o7 68/ a0=@49 3/4o,a 0a s"46an7/ 3a8nsk9 kons4!k:7a*On/ s/ s4a=no !sa68a6a7! a, ,o7an7a 84o "o!0,an79 "o,a4aka o 3a8nsko7kons4!k:7*

U "aks s/ na7@/81/ kos4/5

-4/n0o3/47sk/ 3/4o,/#-3/4o,a ?o4o/=as4@nos4#-3/4o,a k4o+ =aka#-Moa/ 3/4o,a-!=4a06!@na 3/4o,a ,*

S6/ o6/ 3/4o,/ s"46an7a oa/n/ s! ! 4/1/3 "o+=a6=7!*

Standardi i propisi

Po0na4o 7/ ,a s! 7!+os=o6/nsk3 s4an,a,3a o!96a1/n/ 3no+/ o=as4 3a8nsk/4/9nk/5 37//# o=: "o06o,a# k6a=4/4 3a4/7a=a# ,3/n07/ "o=!?aka4a ,*Po84o s/ s"46an7a ! 6/1n s=!@a7/6a 68/ ! =aoa4o7a3a# ! "os=7/,n7/ 67/3/JUS ISO s4an,a, "o"s!7! s6/ s4o/ !s=o6/ ko7/ 3oa7! ,a s"!n/ o6/=aoa4o7/*Oso=7/ =aoa4o7/ 3oa ,a !,/ sa3os4a=no os=oo/no o, =okak69 ko3/:7a=n9# ?nan:7sk9 = ,!+9 "4saka ko7 3o+= n/"o6o=7no ,a !4@!na k6a=4/4 n79o6o+ a,a* R/0!=4a4 s/ o@no ,a7! ! o=k! 067/84a7a o s"46an7! = !o=k! a4/s4a o s"46an7!* O6 3n3a=n 0a947/6 o,//n s! JUS-ISO !"!4s46o3 $'o, *$*&)* +o,n/ o o"843 0a947/63a 0a os"oso=7/nos4 =aoa4o7a 0a s"46an7/*O6o Uputstvo s"!n7a6a 0a947/6/ s/7/ s4an,a,a ISO %%% 0a o/07//n7/k6a=4/4a*

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>*RADNO OPTERECENJE#NAPONI I DEFORMACIJE

O"4//1/n7a ko73a s! 3a8nsk ,7/=o6 sk=o"o6 0=o/n 4oko3 a,a 3a8nsko+ss4/3a s! a,na o"4//1/n7a*

Ra,na o"4//1/n7a nas4a7! !s=7/, o4"oa ko7/ a,na 3a8na sa6=a!7/ oa6=7a7!:n/k k4@an a, *

Na "37/5-o4"o 6a0,!9a ko, a6ona#-o4"o 6o,/ ko, "=o6n9 o7/ka4a#-o4"o 0/3=784a ko, "o=7o"6/,n9 3a8na#-o4"o /0an7a ko, 3a8na a=a4k#-!4:a7 "4ska ?=!,a ko, /0/6oaa# s!,o6a :7/6o6o,a*-!4:a7 s=/ 0/3=7n/ 4//#-!4:a7 n/:7a=n9 s=a 4,*

Ra,na o"4//1/n7a 3o+! 4 ! 6,! s=a# s"/+o6a s=a ! 6,! o4no+ 3o3/n4a*Osno6n/ ka/k4/84k/ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a "ka0an/ s! na s=: &*

SL*&

Osno6n/ kaak4/s4k/ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a

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Ko, 7/,nos4a6n79 kons4!k:7a !@na ,0a=:a # 9,a!=@n :=n,***;#n4/n04/4# s37/#"a6a: kaak4/ "o37/n/ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a 3o+! s/ o,/,4 na osno6! sna+/ 0n/ ko7o3 s/ oa6=7a kos4an a,*

U "o+=/,! kaak4/a "o37/n/ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a 4oko3 6/3/na#"os4o7 statiko-

3no dinamiko- "o37/n76o o"4//1/n7/*

O"4//1/n7/ s4a=no+ "a6:a# s37/a n4/n04/4a 7/ s4a4@ko o"4//1/n7/s=*$;*

Dna3@ko o"4//1/n7/ s/ 4oko3 6/3/na 37/n7a "o n4/n04/4! # "a6:! s37/!s=*< >;

S=*$ S=*< SL*>

S4a4@ko o"4//1/n7/ Osno6no ,na3@ko J/,nos37/no "o37/n76o O"4//1/n7/ o"4//1/n7/

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Ra,no o"4//1/n7/ o,//no na osno6! sna+/ 0n/ k/4an7a 7/ nominalnooptere"enje*S46an/ 67/,nos4 s46ano+ o"4//1/n7a ! 6/1o7 = 3an7o7 37/ o,s4!"a7! o,no3na=n9 # 0a6sno o, s4/"/na n/s4a:onanos4 a,a 3a8nsko+ ss4/3a*Ta@no o"4//1/n7/ n4/n04/4a s46ano+ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a ! 6/1n s=!@a7/6a 7/ 6=o

s=o/no 4/8ko s/ 3o/ o,/,4 sa3o a@!nsk3 "!4/3 *2a4o s/ @/s4o ! "oa@!n! kos4 406* mjerodavno optere"enje# ,o7/no na osno6!no3na=no+ ?ak4oa a,n9 !s=o6a5

F 3/ F no3 K

M7/o,a6no o"4//1/n7/ 7/ 0a38=7/no o"4//1/n7/ "o, ko73 s/ 3a8nsk ,o =sk=o" "ona8a= kao "o, ,/7s46o3 s46ano+ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a* Mjera intenziteta unutrašnji# sila naziva se napon# a 4o 7/ 6/=@na !n!4a8n79 s=a

s6/,/na na 7/,n@! "o68n/ "os3a4ano+ "/s7/ka*P/+=/, na"/0an7a # na"ona ,/?o3a:7a,/4a=7no 0!@a6ano ! o4"onos43a4/7a=a; "ka0an s! na s=: '*

SL*'

Na"/0an7/#na"on ,/?o3a:7/

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'*METODE MJERENJA I REGISTROVANJA

O,/6an/ a,n9 k4@n9 !s=o6a 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a sk=o"o6a /ks"/3/n4a=n3"!4/3#T7*s"46an7/3 "o,a0!37/6a 37//n7/ o,//n9 6/=@na "37/no3o,+o6a7!19 3/4o,a*

$aješ"e se koriste slijede"e metode5

%ekstenzometrijske,

%naponsko%optike,

%krti# lakova

Ekstenzometrijske metode 0asn6a7! s/ na o,/6an7!-37//n7! ,/?o3a:7a39an@k3 "!4/3 "37/no3 3/9an@k9 !/a7a;= /=/k4@n3 "!4/3 "o3o:!37/n9 4aka; na 3a8nsk3 kons4!k:7a3a* U na"onsko-o"4@k/ 3/4o,/ s"a,a7! ?o4o/=as4@na 3/4o,a Moa/ 3/4o,a*

Fotoelastina metoda 0asn6a s/ na 4a=asno7 4/o7 @n7/n: ,a n/k o"4@k 0o4o"3a4/7a= ! na"/+n!4o3 s4an7! "os4o7 o"4:k an0o4o"n*

Moare metoda 0asn6a s/ na !"o/,76an7! ,67/ +!s4/ 3// =n7a*J/,na 3/a o,+o6aa n/na"/+n!4o3 s4an7! a ,!+a na"/+n!4o3*

Na77/,nos4a6n7a 3/4o,a 0a s"46an7/ na"onsko+ s4an7a 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a sk=o"o6a 7/ 3/4o,a krti# lakova*

P 0o! 3/4o,a 37//n7a 4/a 3a4 ! 6,! s=7/,/1/ ?ak4o/5

-?0:k! "o,! 37/nn7a 6/=@n/ 3/9an@ka#/=/k4@na#s4a4@ka ,na3@ka;

-3o+!1nos4 "os4a6=7an7a 37//n9 ns4!3/na4a ns4a=a:7/ ko7/ ska0!7!

3/4o,! 37//n7a

-V7/3/ n/"o9o,no 0a /a=0a:7! 37//n7a ,!+o4a7na = ka4ko4a7na s"46an7a;

-Ekono3sk/

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)* ISPITIVANJE MEHANI.KIH KARAKTERISTIKAMATERIJALA

Da s/ 3a8nsk 3a4/7a= 84o a:ona=n7/ skos4= 0a kons4!k:on/s69/ o=ko6an7/ 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a sk=o"o6a;#"o4/no 7/ "o0na6a4 n79o6/ 3/9an@k/ kaak4/s4k/*

M/9an@k/ kak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a 0a6s/ o, n7/+o6/ s4!k4!/#9/3sko+sas4a6a o, na@na "o37/n/ o"4//1/n7a na"ona;*

S4o+a#osno6na "o,7/=a 3/9an@k/ kak4/s4ka 3a4/7a=a 7/ na s4a4@k/ ,na3@k/*

Kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a ,o7/n ! !s=o63a s4a4@ko+ o"4//1/n7a "/,s4a6=7a7!s4a4@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a*

Dna3@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a ,o6a7! s/ s"46an7/3 ! !s=o63a"o3/n76o+ o"4//1/n7a*

Is"46an7/ 3/9an@k9 kaak4/n9 3a8nsk ,7/=o6a = n79o63 3o,/=3a*

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*ISPITIVANJE STATI.KIH KARAKTERISTIKA

Is"46an7/ s4a4@k9 kak4/s4ka 3a4/7a=a 7/ na7s4a7/ s"46an7/*I06o, s/ ! =aoa4o7sk3 !s=o63a#na s4an,a,no7 4/3"/a4!$%-' s4/"/n :/=07!sa na o7/k43a-/"!6/4a3a s4an,a,n9

o=ka ,3/n07as=*);Da s/ /=3nsao !4:a7 kons4!k46no+ o=ka k6a=4/4a oa,/ na3/9an@k/ kak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a#s"46an7/ /"!6/4/ s! !8/n/ kons4an4no+ s! "o"/@no+ "/s7/ka*2a o,/6an7/ s4a4@k9 kaak4/s4ka 3a4/7a=a o7 s"46an9 !0oka 7/ /=a46no 3a= a 67/3/ s"46an7a 7/ /=a46no ka4ko*

SL*)

S4an,a,na /"!6/4a

Ispitivanje zatezanjem

U0ak s"46ano+ 3a4/7a=a ! o=k! s4an,a,n/ /"!6/4/ o"4//1!7/ s/ "os4/"/noas4!1o3 aks7a=no3 s=o3 na 3a8n 0a s"46an7/-k,a=:*

Toko3 s"46an7a 37// s/ /+s4!7! 6/=@na s=/ ,/?o3a:7/ /"o6/4/*Na osno6! 037//n9 6/=@na#koo,na4no3 ss4/3! na"on-7/,n@no 0,!/n7/,=a4a:7a;#"ka0!7! s/ ,7a+a3o3 "ona8an7a 3a4/7a=a-,7a+a3o3 0a4/0an7as=*; SL*

D7a+a3 0a4/0an7a /a=no+ 3a4/7a=a# /=as4o"=as4@n @/=k

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Ispitivanje pritiskivanjem

Ko, s"4a6an7a "4sk6an7a /"!6/4a :=,@no+ o=ka @7a 7/ ,!na 7/,naka"/@k! 0=a0/ s/ ak:ona=no3 "4skan7!*

Pona8n7/ 3a4/7a=a ! 4ok! s"46an7a /+s4!7! s/ na ,7a+a3! "4sk6an7a*Kaak4/s4@n/ +an:/ s! napon !njeenja i pritisna vrstoca*

Ko, "=no+ 9o3o+/n9 3a4/7a=a @/=ka; na"on +n7/@/n7a o,+o6aa na"on!a06=a@/n7a#a 0a4/0na @6s4o1a o,+o6aa "4sno7 @6s4o1*Na6/,n/ +an:n/ 67/,nos4 na"ona ko, s"46an7a "4sk6an7/3 7a6=7a7! s/Na ,7/=o63a @7a 7/ "o68na "o"/@no+ "/s7/ka ,o6o=7no 6/=ka! o,nos! na ,!n!*

M/!43#! ko=ko 7/ ,!na 3no+o 6/1a " "os4/"/no3 "o6/1an7! ak:a=no+

o"4//1/n7a "os=7/ ,os40an7a o,//n/ k4@n/ 67/,nos na"ona 3o/ ,o:,o +!4ka s4a=nos4#o,nosno ,o "o7a6/ 067an7a*No3a=n "4sn na"on" ko7/3 ,o=a0 ,o "o7a6/ 067an7a#o,/!7! s/ ana=4:k3 "!4/3# 4o "o O7=/!*

Ispitivanje na savijanje

Is"46an7/ na sa67an7/ 68 s/ a, o,/,76an7a 3/9an@k kaak4/s4ka3a4/7a=a " sa67an7!*E"!6/4a s/ "os4a6=7a na ,6a "o=!k!na os=on:ako7 s! 3/!sono !,a=7/n 0a $% , ,-"/@nk /"!6/4/ s=*;

SL*

Is"46an7/ /"!6/4/ na sa67an7/

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Ispitivanje na smicanje i uvijanje

M/9an@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a " s3:an7! !67an7! s/ 3/,7!sono

3a=o a0=k!7!*Toko3 s"46an7a /+s4!7! s/ 6/=@na3a 3o3/n4a !67an7a ,/?o3a:7a ! 6,! !+=a !67an7a*D7a+a3 !67an7a s=@an 7/ ,7a+a3! 0a4/0an7a*Ko, /=as4o"=as4@n9 3a4/7a=ana"on 4/@/n7a !s=7/, !67an7a 3an7 7/ o, na"ona 4/@/n7a " 0a4/0an7! 0a $%*I0a04o n/9o3o+/n 3a4/7a= 3a7! 6/:! !6o7n! @6s4o1! o, 0a46o/n/ @6s4o1/*

Ispitivanje na kontakt

P/nos o"4//1/n7a sa 7/,no+ 3a8nsko+ ,7/=a na ,!+ os46a!7! s/

n/"os/,n3 ,o,o3-kon4ak4o3*

2a o:7/n! a,/ s"osonos4 3a8nsk ,7/=o6a ko7 s/ ,o,a6a7! "o n/ko7 "o68n! n/o"4//1/no3 s4an7! na=a0/ s/ ! /=a4o6no3 3o6an7! sa as"/k4a kon4ak4n9na"ona#37/o,a6na +an@a "=as4@n9 ,/?o3a:7a = "o68nska @6s4o:ako, 3a4/7a=a ko7 n/3a7! 068/n! "=as4@n! o=as4*

Ako s/ ,7/=o6 ! kon4ak4! ,o,!7! "o =n7 = ! 4a@k n/o"4//1/no3 s4an7! na=a0/ s/! /=a46no3 3o6an7!# "o68nsk @6s4o:a 7/ 0a04a ?!nk:7a 46,o1/ s"/+n!493a4/7a=a*Is"46an7/3 7/ !46,7/nas=/,/:a ?!nk:ona=na 6/0a5,7/=o6 ko7 s/ ,o,!7! "o =n75

P3%#>-%#); HB

D7/=o6 ko7 s/ ,o,6a7! ! 4a@k5

P3%#'-%#; HB

+,7/ 7/ HB 46,o1a 3/k8/+ 3a4/7a=a "o Bn/=!*

2a s"46an7/ 46,o1/ 3a4/7a= a0a/no 7/ 68/ "os4!"akaBn/=#Rok6/=#Vk/s;#ko7 s! 0!@a6an ! "/,3/4! 3a8nsk9 3a4/7a=a*

13


15/24

*ISPITIVANJE DINAMI.KIH KARAKTERISTIKA

Ispitivanje dinamike vrsto"e

Dna3@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a n/ 0a6s/ sa3o ,o 6/=@n/ na"onaI na@na n7/+o6/ "o37/n/ 6/: o, o7a "o37/na na"ona :k=!sa*I3a7!: o6o ! 6,! # n/o"9o,no 7/ !s"os4a64 6/0! 03/! na"ona o7a :k=!sa*O6a 0a6snos4 !46!7/ s/ /ks"/3/n4a=n3 "!4/3-,na3@k3 s"46an73ako7a s! ,!+o4a7n/ sk!"a*Is"46an7/ /"!6/4/ kons4an4no+ "o"/@no+ "/s7/ka "/@nka -&%33;#oa/n/ !8/n7/3 # 0=a0! s/ "o37/n76o3 o"4//1/n7! s=ka ;*

S=*

Tok "o37/n/ o"4//1/n7a " ,na3@ko3 s"46an7!

Ispitivanje zilavosti

2a ana=0! "ona8an7a 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a"o, ,/7s46o3 !,ano+ o"4//1/n7a 37/o,a6na 7/ &darna 'ilavost materijala,ko7a "/,s4a6=7a 37/! s"osonos43a4/7a=a ,a a"so!7/ /n/+7! !,aa na,a4o7 4/3"/a4!*Ra, !4os/n na =o3/"!6/4/ s6/,/n na 7/,n:! "o68n/"o"/@no+ "/s7/ka na 37/s4!0a/0a-"o37/n/ "/s7/ka# "/,s4a6=7a!,an! 0=a6os4 "* O=k 0a/0a# 06oa kon:/n4a:7/ na"ona#0na@a7no !4@/ na 6/=@n !,an/ =a6os4#s4o 7/ =!s4o6ano ,7a+a3o3

"ka0an3 na s=: &%*

14


16/24

S=*&% U4:a7 o=ka 0a/0a na !,an! =a6os4

Ispitivanje tvrdo"e

Po/, s4a4@k9 3/4o,a s"46an7a 46,o:/ 3a4/7a=a na6/,/n9 ! "/,9o,no3"o+=a6=7!# "os4o7/ ,na3@k/ 3/4o,/*

J/,na o, n79 7/ Po=,7/6a 3/4o,a*Po o6o7 3/4o,# !4sk6a@- @/=:na k!+=:a"/@nka &%33 "o, ,/7s46o3 !,an/ s=/ s4o6/3/no os4a6=7a ,6a o4ska5

7/,an na /4a=on! "o0na4/ 46,o1/ #a ,!+ ! s"46ano3 3a4/7a=!*

Na osno6! 6/=@n/ o69 o4saka "o0na4/ 46,o1/ /4a=ona o,/!7! s/ 46,o1a"o Po=,7! *O6a7 "os4!"ak 7/ 6/o3a 7/,nos4a6an #a 3o/ s/ 06/s4 ! =a*!s=o63a# kao na 4//n!# na /a=n3 kons4!k:7a3a*

Ispitivanje na kontakt

Is"46an7/ ,na3@k9 kaak4/s4ka ka,a s/ ,o,n/ "o68n/ na=a0/ !k/4an7! 06o, s/ na /"!6/4a3a ! o=k! o=n:a*

Is4o6/3/no s/ s"46a7! ,67/ o=n:/ # 3/!sono "4sn!4/ o,+o6aa7!:o3s=o3# ko7/ s/ ko4=7a7! = k=0a7! 7/,na "o ,!+o7 ! "s!s46! s/,s4a6a 0a"o,3a06an7/*M7/=o "o68nsk/ PD# ko7a "/,s4a6=7a na76/1 kon4ak4nna"on-"o68nsk "4sak ko7 "os=7/ +an@no+ o7a "o37/na o"4//1/n7a ND;n/1/ ,o6/s4 ,o "o68nsko+ a0aan7a !s=7/, 0a3oa*

15


17/24

*ISPITIVANJE DINAMI.KIH KARAKTERISTIKA PRI PROMJENJIVOJ AMPLITUDI NAPONA

Pona8an7/ 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a ! !s=o63a "o37/n76o+ o"4//1/n7a sa kons4an4n3 a3"=4!,a3a ,o6o=7no 7/ "o!@/no 0a96a=7!7!: /=a46no 7/,nos4a6no3 /"o,!ko6an7! o6o+ o"4//1/n7a ! =a* !s=o63a*

Ma=o 7/ 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a ko7 s! ! a,no3 67/k! 0=o/n a,no3o"4//1/n7! sa kons4an4n3 a3"=4!,a3a*

Tok "o37/n/ a,no+ o"4//1/n7a ,k4an 7/ "o37/no3 o4"oa ko7sa6=a!7! a,na 3a8na 68/1 kons4an4an a,*

O4"o ko7/ sa6=a,a6a7! a6on # o,6#3o4ona 6o0=a# a+/ 4,* 3a7!s=!@a7n kaak4/ "o37/n/# 84o !s=o6=7a6a s=!@a7n kaak4/ "o37/n/a,no+ na"ona a,no+ o"4//1/n7a; 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a ,7a+a3 na s=* &&;*

SL*&&

Tok "o37/n/ na"ona

Toko3 s"46an7a /+s4!7! s/ !k!"an o7 "o37/na s69 na"ona5

NR C ns C &

" ko7/3 ,o=a0 ,o =o3a s"46ano+ !0oka *

16


18/24

&%*ISPITIVANJE TOKOVA 2AMARANJA

Poa@!n 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a "o!/n ! "/,3/4! 3a8nsk /=/3/n4 0asn6an s! na "/,"os4a6: ,a ! s6ako3 6=akn! 3a8nsko+,7/=a 6=a,a7! /=as4@n/ ,/?o3a:7/ *

O6a "/,"os4a6ka ! s=!@a7! n/ a6no37/n/ as"o,7/=/ na"ona"o "o"/@no3 "/s7/k! 3a8nsk/ ,7/=o6/ 0o+ 06oa kon:/n4a:7/na"ona ska0!7/ 3a8nsk/ ,7/=o6/ 6/=k9 "o"/@n9 ,3/n07a#o,nosno 6/=k/ 3as/* Toko3 s"46an7a /+s4!7! s/ :4a; ,7a+a3 !0a6snos4 03/! na"ona ,/?o3a:7/ ! /=as4o"=as4@no7 o=as4 s=*&$;

Do7/n/ k6/ na06a7! s/ (istereze

SL*&$

17


19/24

D7a+a3 na"ona ,/?o3a:7a

&&*ISPITIVANJE NA POVIŠENIM TEMPERATURAMA

Pos4!"ak s"46an7a 3a8nsk9 kaak4/s4ka 3a4* na "o68/n3 4/3"/a4!a3as=@an 7/ "os4!"k! s"46an7a na s4an,a,no7 4/3"/a4! sa 4o3 a0=ko3

84o s/ /"!6/4/ "os/n3 !/6an7/3 0a+7a6a7! ,o 4/3"/a4!/ s"46an7a*

Toko3 s"46an7a ,/?o3a:7/ /"!6/4/ s/ 37// s"/:7a=n3 37/n3 ns4!3/n43a na osno6! n79 4/n!4n9 67/,nos4 o"4//1/n7a :4a s/ ,7a+a3 0a4/0an7as=*&


20/24

Ispitivanje na puzanje

I0=o/n "os4!"ak s"46an7a na "o68/n3 4/3"/a4!a3a o,nos s/ naka4ko4a7na s"46an7a*

Sa "o,!0a6an7/3 4a7an7a ,/7s46a o"4//1/n7a s4a=no+ n4/n04/4a na"o68/n3 4/3"/a4!a3a 37/n7a7! s/ 3/9an@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a#47* ,o=a0 ,o kon4!a=no+ "=as4@no+ ,/?o3san7a**vo svojstvo materijala naziva se puzanje

Da ,os=o ,o "!0an7a "o4/no 7/ ,a na"on " ,a4o7 4/3"/a4!,os4+n/ o,+o6aa7!1! k4@n! 67/,nos4 = ,a s/ s"46an 3a4/7a=" s4a=no3 na"on! 0a+7/ ,o k4@n/ 4/3"/a4!/*Ponašanje materijala pri puzanju opisuje se veliinom de+ormacije i brzinomde+ormacije

Po:/s s"46an7a sas4o7 s/ 0 ,6a ,7/=a*U "6o3 ,7/=! 0a+7/6a s/ /"!6/4a,o 4/3"/a4!/ s"46an7a #a ! ,!+o3 s/ /"!6/4a o"4//1!7/ s4o6/3/nos/ /+s4!7! 37//; ,/?o3a:7/ 4oko3 6/3/na ,o "o7a6/ a0aan7a-k,an7a*

Na osno6! 037//n9 ,/?o3a:7a :4a s/ k6a "!0an7a ! koo,na4no3ss4/3! ,/?o3a:7a-67/3/s=*&>; na ko7o7 s/ 3o+! !o@4 4 kaak4/s4@n/ o=as4*

SL*&>

K6a "!0an7a

19


21/24

&$*ISPITIVANJE MAŠINSKIH DIJELOVA I ELEMENATA

M/9an@k/ kaak4/s4k/ 3a4/7a=a ,o7/n/ s"46an7/3 3/9an@k9 ,I7/=o6aa0=k!7! s/#! 6/1o7 = 3an7o7 37/#o, 3/9an@k9 kaak4/s4ka ,o7/ns"46an7/3 s4an,a,n9 /"!6/4a*

R/"o,!ko6an7/ a,n9 !s=o6a na !/a7! 0a s"4a6n7/ 6/o3a 7/ 4/8ko os46a4#as"46an7/ 6/=ko+ o7a 3a8nsk ,7/=o6a /=/3/na4a a0=@4 "o o=k! ,3/n07; 7/ko3"=/ksan "osao ko7 /kono3sk! o"a6,anos4 3o/ na: sa3o ko, 64a=n9 ,7/=o6a0!0/4no o,+o6o/n9 3a8nsk9 kons4!k:7a*

I3a7!: s6/ o6o ! 6,!#,o 3/9an@k kaak4s4ka#3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a /=/3/na4a 3o/ s/ ,o: "37/no3 s=7* "os4!"aka5

a; "37/no3 ka4ko4a7n9 !0an9 s"46an7a " ko73a s! !s=o6 s"46an7a0na4no n/+o s46an !s=o6 a,a

; s"46an7/3 3o,/=a 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a "37/no3 0akona "o4"!n/ +/o3/47sk/ s=@nos4 Kos7/6o+ 0akona#"o ko7/3 3o,/= /a=an o7/ka4 3a7! s4! a,n! s"osonos4s4 s4/"/n s+!nos4;

:; ko84/n7/3 "o,a4aka na osno6! s"46an7a /4a=on-3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a#kao 84os! 67ak#=/a7#0!"@ank#/3/n#=ana: 4,*#ko7 6a/ 0a o,//n/ a,n/ !s=o6/*

P37/no3 ko/k:on9 ?ak4oa-?ak4oa a,n9 !s=o6a ana=4:k3 "!4/3 s/3o/ ,o: ,o "o,a4ka o 3/9an@k3 kaak4/s4ka3a 3/9an@k ,7/=o6a0a o,+o6aa7!1/ a,n/ !s=o6/

,; ko84/n7/3 ,o,a4aka ,o7/n9 s"46an7/3 s4an,a,n9 /"!6/4a

"37/no3 o,+o6aa7!:9 ko/k:on9 ?ak4oa 3o/ s/ ,o: ,o "o,a4kao 3/9n@k3 kak4/s4ka3a 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a# kao 84o s! oso6n/#6a4=a#a0n nosa@ 4,*

20


22/24

&


23/24

&>*LITERATURA

D*M=/4a *Rs4o7/6:# M=sa6 a

M=sa6 a Rs4o7/6

22

https://www.facebook.com/Rodjo1996


24/24

&'*SADRAJ

2a,a4ak *********************************************************************************************&

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Is"46an7/ a,n9 !s=o6a*********************************************************************'

Ra,no o"4//1/n7/#na"on ,/?o3a:7/ *******************************************)

M/4o,/ 37//n7a /+s4o6an7a **************************** * **************************

Is"46an7/ 3/9an@k9 kaak4/s4ka 3a4/7a=a **********************************&%

Is"46an7/ s4a4@k9 kaak4/s4ka******************* ************************************&&

Is"46an7/ ,na3@k9 kaak4/s4ka ***************************************************&>

Is"* ,na3@k9 kaak* " "o37/n76o7 a3"=4!, na"ona ******************&)

Is"46an7/ 4oko6a 0a3aan7a *************************************************************& Is"46an7/ na "o68/n3 4/3"/a4!a3a ********************************************&

Is"46an7/ 3a8nsk9 ,7/=o6a /=/3/na4a *******************************************$%

2ak=7!@ak********************************************************************************************* $&

L4/a4!a ******************************************************************************************** $$

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