EKOMACHINE AMR-100English Version

EQUUS ENERGY

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INTRODUCTIONTo Waste ManagementAbout half the world’s population (3.5 billion people) has no access to the most basic waste management services.

According to the latest report of the International Solid Waste Association (the worldwide association that brings together the operators in the processing industry and waste disposal), currently 4 billion tons of waste are produced in the world each year, divided evenly between Solid waste refuse and other types of waste. According to the latest estimates of population growth, in the next 15 years this could lead to a waste production increase of about 50% . The situation appears quite alarming; about half the world’s population (3.5 billion people) has no access to the most basic waste management services. The consequence is that every year, mountains of waste are produced and abandoned, with resulting environmental and health damage which are often

irreparable. According to the World Bank, the disposal of municipal waste currently costs the about $ 205 billion a year, a figure that will most probably double within 10-15 years. Even now, the management of waste is one of the heaviest cost items in the budgets of public administrations and continues to grow with the increase in population. The greatest increase occurred in China, where the production of waste has surpassed the United States since 2004. The RSU production has also increased in East Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In addition, it is necessary to assess the environmental aspect: according to the survey , municipal solid waste accounts for 12% of global emissions of methane and 5% of the total production of greenhouse gases.

According to the World Bank, the disposal of municipal waste currently costs the about $ 205 billion a year, a figure that will most probably double within 10-15 years.

205 billion

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220.000t of electrical and electronic

products to West Africa.

The message to large urban agglomerations in the world is obvious: find a solution! According to the World Bank there is a dire need for a serious plan for the reduction , recycling and recovery of waste, a serious campaign to encourage recycling and also charging much higher rates to those who do not adopt these measures .

Europe began to put pressure on Member States a few years ago through the Directive on waste 2008.

The results are beginning to show especially in countries like Germany and the Scandinavian region, which boast high recycling rates, modern recycling plants throughout the country and less use of landfills, through strict rules , disincenti es and control.

The increase in global production of waste means that in those countries where the development of systems and technologies are lagging, the disposal costs become higher.

And the less developed countries inevitably become the ultimate destination of western waste, especially special and dangerous waste, for their heavy use of landfills, being the most economical solution but which has the worst impact on the environment.

In Europe, in countries such as Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the costs for this type of treatment of special and dangerous waste can be up to 230€ per ton. Also on the subject of electrical and electronic waste (so-called WEEE), the latest data show Africa as the dustbin of the world, according to a UNEP study (the

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Environment Programme of the United Nations), only European countries have shipped over 220 thousand tons of electrical and electronic products to West Africa.

Components that are highly polluting and environmentally dangerous. The UN’s objective is to kickstart the waste recycling of WEEE in Africa, which could represent a significanteconomic opportunity.

The illegal disposal, especially with regards to industrial waste, continues to be one of the most common practices, all over the world. A sad reality involving over 22 countries.

In the case of Europe, if we consider the ways in which different countries manage the waste cycle, its possible to clearly identify two categories. On the one hand the less organised countries, characterized by the lack of specifictreatment facilities (eg incinerators, composting plants, sludge treatment, etc.), with low collection rates of recycled waste and consequently high use of landfilling.

These include above all the countries in Eastern and Southern Europe (eg Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece).

On the other hand there are the more organised countries, where thanks to big investment in waste processing plants and the strong incentives for reducing waste and recycling materials, landfills have been greatly reduced and in some cases even eliminated.

This category includes virtually all central and northern countries of the Old Continent (Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, etc.) , whereas the southern European states still have some way to go to match their fellow EU members.

22The illegal disposal, especially with regards to industrial waste, continues to be one of the most common practices, all over the world. A sad reality involving over 22 countries.

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Product PRESENTATION

Principleof operation

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EKOMACHINE AMR-100

Ease of management combined with the modular system and small size consents the AMR-100 to be allocated in strategic locations for waste disposal thereby reducing environmental impact as well as logistics and handling costs.

Our strategy aims to spread small localised plants in order to eliminate large landfills and incinerators, reducing transport and encouraging the use of local labour.

By avoiding the necessity of large waste processing plants , large areas to house such plants and the confluence of large amounts of waste to these plants mean that AMR-100 is also a socially accepted instrument .

Moreover, thanks to this technology which has an extremely low, if not inexistent emission rate, will render unnecessary the use of large chimneys that rise to tens of meters from other types of waste processing plants

• Types of waste treated• Operation• Products obtained• Plan layout• Operation time• Power consumption• System components• Emissions

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TYPE OF WASTE TreatedEkomachine AMR-100 (AMR-100) can process many types of waste, to name a few, toxic waste, special waste , infected waste, rotting waste, etc. Specifically

Municipal waste

All types of biomass

Medical Waste

Rubber tires

Animal waste

Sludge

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• Municipal waste (MSW with humidity less than 15%)• Medical Waste: hospitals are producers of among the most dangerous types of waste. The diversity

of the bacterial flo a that comes from various hospital activities, make this type of waste highly contagious and infectious. Hospital waste can in fact contribute to spreading epidemics of various kinds, which is why they are placed in watertight and sealed containers (Boxes - Special bags - etc.); the only treatment that renders them harmless is thermochemical treatment. Hospital or medical waste generally hold a large energy production capacity and, therefore, will produce hydrocarbons in large quantities.

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Medical waste can be further divided as follows :• non-hazardous medical waste;• sanitary waste similar to municipal waste;• hazardous medical waste without risk of infection;• hazardous medical waste with risk of infection;• medical waste requiring special disposal methods;• waste from exhumations and similar; • hazardous medical waste produced outside of health facilities

• Abbatour animal waste, dead animals from epidemics and the like

This type of waste can be very dangerous if not processed speedily. The carcasses of dead animals are normally treated in specialized centres in order not to promote spreading of disease and infection. The AMR-100 facility can also be equipped for the processing of carcases using appropriate means. As with other waste it will produce fuel oil, syngas, coal.

• Sludge from wastewater treatment plants, oil sludge or soaked by oil, organic sludge of industrial origin, etc.

Sludge treatment is very lucrative in by-products as organic matter produces richer and quality resulting products. Sludge processing is very diverse, there is sludge from municipal treatment plants, from drainage canals and rivers, from manholes and sewers, impregnated by various mineral oils / vegetable / synthetic / chlorinated / from spray painting rooms / from tanneries / food factories / etc .. All of these types can be treated even simultaneously, to obtain Syngas, Synoil and Ash.

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• All types of biomass;• Rubber tires On average the following can be obtained from the disposal of tires :35% synthetic oil (Synoil);23% Syngas with 8,000 ÷ 9,000 kcal / kg,7- 8% steel35% ash

The ash can be trasformed into active carbon through chemical processing. Activated carbon is a material containing mainly amorphous carbon and has a highly porous structure as well as a high specific surface area , therefore it has a high surface area per unit volume. Thanks to the high specific surface area, activated carbon is able to capture and maintain many molecules of other substances. For this reason it is considered a material with high absorbing capacity. Used in the context of filt ation, purification, deodorization and decoloration of fluids. In the waste processing of tires besides producing the three basic highest quality by-products compared to any other waste processed , it produces also black carbon (soot).

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AMR-100EKOMACHINE

OPERATIONThe Ekomachine AMR-100 (AMR-100) facility uses the principle of thermo-chemical conversion of organic links, without oxygen. It can be installed vertically (standard version) or horizontally.

To obtain the best results in the production of by-products, the waste can be sorted into types ( tires, paper and / or cellulose, organic, biological, hospital waste) and in dimensions up to 500x500 mm ( This is however not fundamental to the waste process ). Waste is loaded into the first chamber where it is heated up to 250 ° C for 60-120 minutes allowing excess humidity to be eliminated and preparing the waste for the next process. Simultaneously the reaction chamber

below is pre-heated to 250 -400 C . Once the waste has reached the desired humidity level it passes into the reaction chamber through its own gravitational weight or with the aid of a hydraulic piston (in the case of horizontal installation) where the molecular transformation process occurs.

The gases that are produced inside the reaction chamber by the chemical transformation process at a temperature of 250-400 °C , and at the required pressure , are funnelled into the filt ation and purification chamber. Once these gases have condensed they are collected in the form of liquid in a special container, stored for further processing and preparations according to the type of end use desired .

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The uncondensed gases are funneled to the generator where it is used for the production of electrical and thermal energy.

The energy produced in the cogeneration unit heats water to a temperature up to 80 ° C which can be used for common heating or “recycled” for preheating of the system itself.

After the completion of the processing cycle, the products obtained by the molecular modification (carbon in the form of soot, ash, etc.), pass to the cooling chamber. The resulting mass is recovered and stored for other possible uses ( coal/ash, metal,glass).

The duration of the cycle depends on the type of waste introduced. The physical configu ation of the AMR-100’s equipment components can be specifically t ylored to customer needs.

The potential of the AMR-100 is expressed in kg of material it can process, or in kW/h of electricity it can produce.

Cleaning and maintenance doors are located in strategic area and are 500 mm in diameter. An onsite and remote monitoring system is provide for the management and control of the processes connected to a web server PC interface.

PROCESS STEPSMaintenance

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Components can bespecifically t ylored

to customer needs

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MAINTENANCE

Periodic maintenance for the removal of incrustations in specificareas is required.

After 6 years of continuous work a major maintenance service is required for certain working parts .

Another routine maintenance concern is the control of the level of lubricating oil for all the moving parts. With proper maintenance the AMR 100 has a duration of more than ten years.

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PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THE THERMAL CONVERSION OF RSU Ekomachine AMR-100 is an installation capable of transforming any organic and non-organic material into the following products:

Synthetic fuel oil (biodiesel) with calorificvalue of 5,200 kcal / kg

synthetic gas formed from CH4, CO, CO2, H2, etc.

the quality of which depends on the chemical-physical characteristics of the biomass from which it is extracted. The more “clean” carbon molecules it has the better the quality of the coal , which can be activated and used in many applications. A feasability study on the quantity and quality of by-products produced can be undertaken for the client according to customer specifications

• SYNOIL• SYNGAS • COAL / ASH

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0,250 ton/h

5,5 ton/day

2000 ton/year

The heart of the system consists of two processing chambers, one where the heating fluid is created and the other is where the thermo-chemical transformation takes place. With its technology and its design characteristics the AMR 100 can break down all organic molecules from simple to the more complex such as P.V.C. (Polyvinyl chloride ). Normally when burning this material in incinerators, it produces chlorinated dioxins,

while in our system only HCl (hydrochloric acid) is produced which reacts with the calcium oxide (CaO) producing calcium chloride and water (CaO + 2HCl → CaCl 2 + H2O .) The same thing happens to PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl), a highly toxic and environmental hazardardous molecule.

The Ekomachine AMR-100 plant processes a minimum 0.250 ton / h with all required equipment producing approximately 100 kW/h + 105 kW/ht for 8000 hours a year. ( 1.840 tons , 800.000 KW , 935.00kW/ht per year ) This is besides all the by-products and metals ( metals do not melt at the operating temperature of the AMR 100 , therefore any metal component will be collected and recycled/sold )

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USE OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM MOLECULAR

TRANSFORMATION

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The products obtained through the molecular transformation process are used for:

• Auxiliary consumption of the machine itself • Sale through parallel business

The products obtained through the process can compensate for the machine’s auxilliary consumption, but at the same time can generate very attractive profits through sales to third parties

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PLANT LAYOUTDiagramThere are various configu ations of the AMR-100 Ekomachine facility that can be studied on the basis of several factors that are determined in the pre-design phase.

Choosing the installation site is definitelyone of the most important factors as is the type of installation, whether in an industrial area, in support of a company or health complex.

In the case of an entirely dedicated area the study involves a comprehensive layout that will have the following composition:• a shed/ warehouse (closed and sub ground level) • biomass storage area • area for services such as weighing, offices, dressing rooms,

bathrooms and showers • adequate grounds to support the logistics operations , traffic of

vehicles carrying goods in and out.

All as shown in the diagram:

AUTOMATED GATE

FENCING

FENCING

FENCING

MODUL RECYCLINGWAST

BIOGAS COGENERATOR

SKID BIOGAS TREATMENT

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• A SHED/ WAREHOUSE (CLOSED • AND SUB GROUND LEVEL)

AUTOMATED GATE

WEIGHING PLATFORM

FENCING

FENCING

FENCING

WASTEDEPOSIT

WASTEDEPOSIT

AUTOMATICLOADER

LOADERSCRAPINGVANE

OFFICEADMINISTRATIONAND SERVICES

ROLLERS WASTETRANSPORTATION

• BIOMASS STORAGE AREA

• AREA FOR SERVICES SUCH AS WEIGHING, OFFICES, DRESSING ROOMS, BATHROOMS AND SHOWERS

• ADEQUATE GROUNDS TO SUPPORT THE LOGISTICS OPERATIONS , TRAFFIC OF VEHICLES CARRYING GOODS IN AND OUT.

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OPERATIONtimeThe plant can operate 365 days / year and by operating more lines the plant can operate while another line is under maintenance.

The process of waste disposal using AMR 100 can be developed on multiple independent lines.

The customer in conjunction with the designer will decide at the design phase, according to the type and quantity of biomass processed, if a single line or if multiple independent lines are needed to cover the processing requirements. The plant can operate 365 days / year and by operating more lines the plant can operate while another line is under maintenance. Under normal working conditions the AMR 100 operates for 8,000 h / year of continuous work. The yield is influenced by many factors that determine economic return.The elements that contribute to the cost estimates are

• Plant size• Type of waste processed the energetic value )• Market Price for RSU processing• Market Price for Electricity• Market price for Thermal Energy (if sold)• Biodiesel Production• Syngas Production• Ash Production• Ferrous material recovery • Inert Recovery• Aluminum Recovery• Recovery of water and subsequent treatment

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% 1 ton of waste will

yield:

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30% Ash20% Water20% Syngas20% Synoil10% Metals

If we consider European type RSU biomass processed in a decentralised unit such as the AMR100 using the molecular transformation system, 1 ton of waste will yield :

• Kg 100 various metals (aluminum, iron, etc ....)• Kg 200 syngas (1 m³ of gas produces about 4kWe or 11.6 kWt)• Kg 200 Synoil (1 kg produces about 4kWe or 11.6 kWt)• Kg 300 ash (1 kg produces about 6000 kcal = 1.72 kWe)• Kg 200 water (from drying treatment)

8000h/year

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AMR-100 COMPONENTS

Power Consumptiuon andauxiliary consumption

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Precise operating costs are obtained after a detailed feasibility study, but we can forcast fairly accurately the type and amount of consumption required :

• The biggest consumption in terms of energy is in the thermal requirements of the plant, however, this energy will be obtained from the process itself as well as from the recycling of the Synoil not treated.

• The power consumption in terms of electricity and heat is equal to about 10% of the total produced , making the 90% balance available for profit gene ation;

• The staff costs vary depending on the size of the plant as well as the activities in the designated area;

• Maintenance costs will be determined percentage wise after a feasibility study.

Each plant for the treatment and transformation of RSU is specifically designed on a case y case basis.Each machine has a serial number and maintenance documentation and each working part has its own serial number in order to faciltate easy identification should replacemnt be requiredThe system is installed, set -up, tested and initiated by the manufacturer on site.After an initial test run, the client can be assisted by specialists provided by the manufacurer, this includes assistance via modem directly from the manufacturers factory. Once the plant has been rendered operational the manufacturer will train the operating staff.

The essential components which constute the complete production system are chosen based on the quantity and type of waste to be processed. These may include the following :

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Weighing system of varying sizes in galvanized metal modules , installed flush with the ground size 14x3 mt ,with prefabricated control booth.

Composed of a chamber manufactured from a special alloy where the transformation from waste into molecules occurs, from which we get the Syngas. The biomass is distributed evenly over the combustion chamber floor gua anteeing a good process yield.

Consists of a stainless steel tube with air-water heat exchanger.

Consists of a steel tube driven by gears that transport the biomass into the thermal module.

Control Center

This is the heart of the system where the molecular transformation takes place in two phases. The first process occurs when the biomass is inu dated with thermal energy causing the molecules to vibrate due to the high temperatures, and extracting excess humidity . The second process takes place when the already vibrating molecules of biomass are further heated in the second chambre up to 450° C and exposed to infrared beams that break the last remaining molecular bonds. This process forms the Syngas as well as a significant a ount of synthetic oil (Synoil) , part of whcih will be re-used in the processing . The residue of this process is a coal similar to charcoal

A conveyor belt loader which transports the biomass from the storage facility to the thermal drying module.

WEIGHBRIDGE HIGH PERFORMANCE THERMAL REACTOR

COOLING UNIT FOR INERT MATERIAL / COAL.

THERMAL DRYING MODULE AND REACTOR

LOADER FOR FEEDING THERMAL DRYING MODULE AND REACTOR

AUTOMATIC THERMAL MODULE LOADER

CONTROL CENTER

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The Syngas is stored inside this tank and serves as a buffer storage for the functioning of the electrical generator.

The Synoil is extracted from the system mixed with water that was contained in the biomass. The separation occurs in this tank.

It is a heated tank with a pump and an array of filters. Made of carbonsteel, it contains the synthetic oil that is derived from the process.

Here the purification of the syngas takes place from any type of solid and liquid matter as well as purification from a major part of theof CO2.

These are the pumps that transport the Synoil up to the storage tank.

Tank where the condensators are cooled , very necessary part of the process.

These serve to separate the gas from water and synthetic oil

TANK FOR STORAGE OF SYNGAS

SINTHETIC OIL STORAGE TANK

SYNGAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM

OIL PUMPS

TANK FOR CONDENSATOR COOLING

OIL - WATER SEPARATION TANK

CONDENSATOR COLUMN

MACHINE SHOP FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

The following workshop equipment, necessary for the ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of the entire complex are provided with the plant :

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Considering the characteristic of the plant manufactured with advanced technology, the manufacturer reserves the right to group specificsystem equipment into a single component that performs the same process functions

• Wire welding machine• Electrode welding machine with

inverter• Air compressor• Plasma for cutting of thick metal

sheets, 10 mm. with spare parts• Workshop with steel bench vise and

tool storage facilities• Manual power tools • Drill press with relevant tips• Oil emulsion• Bolts and nuts• Steel bars and rolled steel plates

and sheets for repair• Lubricants for maintenance• Hydraulic oil

• Carpentry equipment• Hydraulic lifting equipment• Grinding wheel for sharpening tools• Various spare parts for maintenance

WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT INCLUDED FOR THE ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE OF THE ENTIRE COMPLEX

ELECTRIC COGENERATOR POWERED BY SYNGAS.

Diagram below

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FEASIBILITYSTUDY

The EKOMACHINE AMR-100 produces electricity, heat energy, and the resulting by-products according to the type of biomass introduced.

Minor variations in the type of biomass and the results in terms of yield will be different. In light of this we can calculate a range of yield and amount of treated biomass.

An AMR-100 system in terms of numbers is a safe investment.The variables needed to obtain a realistic scenario regarding revenue returns are many , a few of these variables are :

• Type of biomass to be treated• Quantity of biomass to be treated• Electricity cost per unit• Energy consumption or sale• Thermal energy consumption or alternative use

The cost of an AMR-100 system is far more convenient than a waste landfill or an incinerator that would process the same quantity and type of waste . The management and staffing cost levels are minimal and the economic return from the energy produced and the avoided disposal costs allows the system to pay for itself in the medium term.

Unit Plant’s electrical power kW 100,00

Annual Operating Hours h 8000

Processable biomass ton 1840

Synoil produced ton 373

Electrical energy produced kWhe/year 800000

Thermal energy produced kWht/year 935000

Coal produced ton 187

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AMR-100 has been designed to create a series of benefits that relate to the environment and health. Processing waste through a low-temperature molecular transformation process means giving a drastic cut if not the complete elimination of harmful emissions. The patent pending provides a process of molecular disintegration in an anaerobic environment and at a temperature below 500 ° C which ensures that it does not generate harmful pollutants (Tab. 12.1). Also due to the fact that it eliminates the pollution that would have been produced by other mean to generate the same amount of energy therefore saving further harmful pollution.

AMR-100 EMISSIONS and avoided emissions

FUEL SAVINGS TEP

Factor for conversion of electrical energy in primary energy [TEP/MWh] 0.187

Factor of thermal energy to primary energy [TEP/MWh] 0.82

FUEL SAVINGS TEP

Factor for conversion of electrical energy in primary energy [TEP/MWh] 149.6

Factor of thermal energy to primary energy [TEP/MWh] 688.8

AVOIDED EMISSIONS CO2 SO2 NOX Dust

Specific atmospheric emissions [g/kWh 422.0 0.394 0.410 0.020

Specific atmospheric emissionsfor electrical energy production

[t] 337.60 kg 315.20 kg 328.00 kg 16.00

Specific atmospheric emissions[t/kWh ann ] thermal energy production

[t] 354.48 kg 330.96 kg 344.40 kg 16.80

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12.1 Tab

PatentPENDING

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SOURCES OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS

Quantity of working hours in a year

The height of emission sources, m

Parameters of air-gas mix at exit from source emission

Code and name of substance

Polluting substances emissions

Speed m/s

Volume to 1 pipecub m/s

Temp.degree

g/s mg/cub m t/year

EkoMachine AMR-100

8760 8,2 42,190 0,1400 236

0301 Nitrogen (IV) oxide (Nitrogen dioxide)

0,0312000

222,85714

0,983900

0304 Nitrogen (II) oxide (Nitrogen dioxide)

0,1606000

1147,1429

5,064700

0328 Carbon black (Soot)

0,334000

238,57143

1,053300

0330 Sulfur dioxide

0,1121000

800,71429

3,535200

0337 Carbon oxide0,0875

000625,00

0002,759

400

0415 Hydrocarbon0,0350

000250,00

0001,103

800

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• Pre-contract for feasibility study• Location study , permits required ,

documentation required for the geological-urbanistic planning

• Processing data provided by the client on the type of biomass to be treated and economic return of investment plan

• Formal offer drafting

• First ignition and full functional test run• Training of personel• Conclusion of O & M Contract

• Drafting preliminary project• Building permission request • Connection request

• Conclusion of contract• Drafting final and xecutive project• Obtaining permits and drafting Gantt-chart• Start and end work

• 1. Offer drafting stage

• 4. Completion of work stage

• 2. Pre-contractual phase • 3. Contract stage

SERVICES AND TIMELINEEQUUS ENERGY provides a turnkey solution guaranteeing efficientplanning and delivery, skilled labor working alongside local laborers and after-sales maintenance contract. The services offered at the pre-contractual stage to the realization of the project are as follows:

The feasibility study just described leaves no doubt that the most interesting resource for the production of renewable energy is biomass from waste. A plant with a moderate size such as the AMR-100 ( 25 sqm and 9 mt in height ) can easily meet the energy needs of a large number of users. One plant processes the waste produced by 16500 people. 800,000.00 kWh / year of electricity and 935,000.00 kWh / year of thermal energy; 2000 tons of waste processed , small size, profits from by-products and energy produced. Do you need any more convincing ?

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EQUUS ENERGYenergy from waste

Via Trieste, 3664014 Martinsicuro (TE)

Phone: (+39) 0861.1856301Fax: (+39) 0861.670023

VAT: IT01975870674Mail: info@equusenergy.euWeb: www.equusenergy.eu