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Ad¿`m 45 ì`m dfu Vo nwUo {dÚmnrR>mMo Hw$bJwê$


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J«m_rU _hmamï´>mbm kmZ`wJmH$S>o ZoÊ`mMmJ«m_rU _hmamï´>mbm kmZ`wJmH$S>o ZoÊ`mMmJ«m_rU _hmamï´>mbm kmZ`wJmH$S>o ZoÊ`mMmJ«m_rU _hmamï´>mbm kmZ`wJmH$S>o ZoÊ`mMmJ«m_rU _hmamï´>mbm kmZ`wJmH$S>o ZoÊ`mMm

e-Learning, e-Education, e-

Governance, e-Empowerment

Agm_mÝ`m§Mm O_mZm gaV Mmbbm Amho

Am{U gm_mÝ`m§À`m gm_y{hH$ H¥$VrVyZ Agm_mÝ`

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AmR>dUtMr XIb H$Yr H$_r Pmbr Zmhr.

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gagM hmoVo, Ago åhUm`bm haH$V Zmhr. {ejUmMm

{dñVma Pmbm ZìhVm _mÌ {ejUmMm XOm© Mm§Jbm


hmoVm. m¡{VH$ emñÌmÀ`m Aä`mgmMr _wio BWoM amodbr

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Pmbobr n[apñWVrhr H$maUr yV hmoVo.

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nwT>o Omo {dH$mg Pmbm Ë`mMm Vmo nm`m R>abm. nXdrnyd©

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amodbo Jobo Ë`mMr amon nwT>o AZoH$ {R>H$mUr éObr.

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~XbUmao Am{U ^{dî` H$mimer gwg§JV AgoM Amho.

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Ho$br.

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g_mOmVrb _moR>m dJ© {ejUmnmgyZ Am{U {deofV…

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_wŠV {ejUnÕVr hm Ë`mda Mm§Jbm Cnm` Amho.

{edm` _wŠV {ejUnÕVrVhr AmVm AZoH$ ~Xb hmoV


AmhoV. _wŠV {ejUmbm AmVm _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMr

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nÕVr {dH${gV hmoUma Amho.

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nwÝhm {eH$Uo hm EH$m{dgmì`m eVH$mMm _§Ì Amho. S>m°.

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dmT>{dÊ`mMo CnH«$_ `m àH$ënmVyZ {Z_m©U hmoD$Z Vo

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H$m_ Ho$ë`mZ§Va hr _mZ{gH$Vm {Q>H${dUo Ho$di AeŠ`M


dmQ>Vo. _mÌ S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo m§Zr Vo ghOnUo H$ê$Z

XmIdbo. mVM Ë`m§Mo _moR>onU gm_mdbobo Amho. VgoM

Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr Agboë`m Xþ{_©imVrb Xþ{_©i

JwUmMr AmoiI nQ>Vo.

S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo `m§À`m ì`pŠV_ËdmMm doY

AZoH$ nmViçm§da KoVm oB©ëm. {dÚmÏ`mªZm OdiMm

dmQ>Umam {ejH$ hr Ë`m§Mr n{hbr AmoiI Amho. J«m_rU,

ehar, àm§Vr`, na§àm§Vr` Agm oX Ë`m§Zr H$Yr Ho$bm

Zmhr. àË oH$ {dÚmÏ`mªer VodT>çmM

AmnwbH$sZo ~mobUmao Vo {ejH$ hmoVo.

Ë`m§Mr {eH${dÊ`mMr hmVmoQ>r Mm§Jbr

hmoVr. dof gmYm nU AmH$f©H$,

~m obU o _ ¥X ÿ Am{U MmbÊ`m

~mobÊ`mV ghOVm ho Ë`m§Mo d¡{eîQ>ço

hmoVo. Hw$bJwé nXmda AgVmZmhr

Ë`mV \$maM WmoS>m ~Xb Pmbm.

Hw$bJwé nXmMr _wXV g§në`mda

nwÝhm JmS>r _yinXmda Ambr. OUy

H$mhr Ë`m§Zr Hw$bJwénX yf{dboboM ZìhVo. Varhr

Ë`m§À`m{df`r AmXa wŠV rVr gdmªÀ`m _Zm_Ü o Zoh_rM

AgVo. Ë`m§Zm ~mobÊ`mMr AmdS> Amho _mÌ ho ~mobUo

{df`mbm Yê$Z AgVo. {eimoß`mÀ`m Jßnm _maVmZm

Ë`m§Zm nm{hë`mMo AmR>dV Zmhr. _mPo åhUUo _mZmM

hm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h ZgVmo _mÌ H$go nQ>dyZ Úm`Mo ho

Ë`m§Zm _m{hVr AgVo. {MS>Ê`mMo àg§J Ë`m§À`mda

Šd{MVM Ambo AgVrb. H$maU EH$ Va Ë`m§Mr

ghZerbVm namH$moQ>rMr Amho. {edm` Ë`m§Mm amoI

_wÔm emoYÊ`mH$S>o AgVmo Ë`m_wio Vo BVa AZmdí`H$

JmoîQ>tH$S>o Xþb©j H$aVmV.

S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo `m§À`m dmQ>Mmbrg Ë`m§À`m

gw{dÚ nËZr H¡$. à^mdVr VmH$dbo `m§Mm Iyn _moR>m

dmQ>m Amho. A{Ve` {dZèrb Am{U ào_i Ago

Ë`m§Mo ì`pŠV_Ëd hmoVo. VmH$dbo gam§À`m {dMmam§er

Ë`m§Mr EH$énVm Abm¡{H$H$M åhUmdr bmJob. àmn§{MH$

Am{U gm_m{OH$ O~m~Xmè`m nma nmSr>V AgVmZm

Ë`m§Zr _mobmMr gmW {Xbr. nVr-nËZrÀ`m {dMmam_Ü o

EdT>o gm_Ï © Šd{MVM {XgyZ oVo.

S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo `m§À`m `moJXmZmMm {dMma

H$aVmZm _hmamîQ´>mVrb {ejU {df`H$ Midir Am{U

àgma m§À`m nmíd© y_rda H$amdm bmJob. _hmamîQ>mVrb

{ejU {df`H$ MiditMr _moR>r na§nam Amho.

{ejU{df`H$ YmaUm

~XbÊ`mnmgyZ Vo {ejU g§ñWm

ñWmnZ H$ê$Z Ë`m Mmb{dÊ`mMm

Ë`m§Mm g_mdoe Amho. _hmË_m

OmoVramd \w$bo, AmJaH$a, _hfu

H$d}, bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$, amOfu

emhÿ _hmamO, H$_©dra mD$amd

nmQ>rb Aem AZoH$ {X½JOm§Zr

Ë`mV ard moJXmZ {Xbo Amho.

Á`m H$mbI§S>mV ho KS>bo

Ë`mdoir {ejU ho Ë`m§JmMo Am{U g_mOgodoMo d«V

_mZbo OmB©. EH$mopUñmeo gÎmaÀ`m XeH$mV `mV ~Xb

Pmbm. {ejUmMr ì`dgm` Am{U Ë`mZ§Va ì`mnmamH$S>o

dmQ>Mmb Pmbr. Ë`mVyZ AZoH$ g§ñWm Am{U {ejUg_«mQ>

CX`mg Ambo. S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo m§Zm m _mJm©Zo OmUo

eŠ` hmoVo. _mÌ Ë`m§Zr Ë`mJ Am{U godoMr Zmi

VmoS>br Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr {ejU ho g_mOà~moYZ Am{U

àJVrMo gmYZ AgyZ Vo gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmMo {hV

gmYUmao Agbo nm{hOo. `m VÎdm§Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm.

H$Xm{MV \w$bo, AmJaH$a Am{U emhÿ _hmamOm§À`m

na§naoVrb Vo eodQ>Mo {eboXma AgVrb. S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo

`m§Mo ì`pŠV_Ëd ^mdVo Vo `m_wio, Ë`m§Zr {Xboë`m

`moJXmZmMm R>gm _hmamîQ> Am{U XoenmVirda XrK©H$mi

H$m`_ amhrb.

nnnnn


gd© àH$maÀ`m {ejU à{ejUm§Mm A§{V_ hoVy

hm {dH$mg hmM Agob, {dH$mgmgmR>r {ejU ho

{ejUmMm _yb yV C{ÔîQ> bjmV KoVbo Va {ejU ho

{dH$mgm{^_wI H$m Agy Z o ? Zìho "emídV {dH$mgmgmR>r

{ejU' hm 21 ì`m eVH$mVrb kmZ wJmÀ`m {ejUmMm

AmË_m AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. 21 ì`m eVH$mÀ`m

gwê$dmVrbm kmZ wJmMr nhmQ> hmoV AgVmZm EH$sH$S>o

OmJ{VH$sH$aU d XþgarH$S>o _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ `m XmoÝhr

àdmhm§Zr Amnë`m wdm {nT>rnwT>o EH$ AmìhmZ Am\$mQ>

g§YrMo ^m§S>ma Iwbo Ho$bo Amho. ho Á`m _moOŠ`m

{ejUVÁkm§Zm OmUdbo d Ë`m§Zr Ë`mda Cnm`mË_H$

àH$ënm§Mr AmIUr H$amd`mg gwê$dmV Ho$br Aem

> "{dH$mg {ejUmMm' nWXe©H$ àH$ën

S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo

H¥$Vrerb {ejU VÁkm§_Ü o AJ«Ur AgUmao Zmd åhUOo

àm. am_ VmH$dbo. Ë`m§À`m g_mO {dH$mgH|$Ðr {ejU

àH$ënm§Mr nÕVeranUo AmIUr d {VVŠ`mM

{eñV~ÕnUo A§_b~OmdUr `mVyZ {ejUì`dñWobm

~aoM H$mhr {_imbo Amho. nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m

Hw$bJwê$nXmÀ`m H$ma{H$XunmgyZ Vo _hmamîQ´> kmZ

_hm_§S>imÀ`m {Z{_©Vrn ªV gam§Zr Oo CnH«$_ Ho$bo Ë`mV

nwUo {dÚmnrR>mVrb nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_mMm à`moJ,

àíZnoT>r, V§ÌkmZmÀ`m dmnamVyZ g§JUH$ gmjaVoMm

àH$ën Xÿa{ejUmMr _whÿV©_oT> Aem AZoH$ CnH«$_m§Mm

CëboI H$aVm oB©b.

^maVr` {ejU g§ñWoV ga {Z`m_H$ _§S>imMo

AÜ`j AgVmZm _r amÁ` gmYZH|$ÐmÀ`m g§MmbH$nXr

H$m_ H$aVmZm, Am¡nMm[aH$ d AZm¡nMm[aH$ {ejU

ì`dñWoÀ`m EH${ÌV à`ËZmVyZ {dH$mg {ejU àH$ën

gwê$ H$aVm oB©b Agm {dMma nwT>o Ambm d 2009

_Ü o àW_V… `m {dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmMr AmIUr

H$aÊ`mg gwê$dmV Pmbr.

^{dî` KS>{dUmao g_mO{dH$mgm{YîR>rV Cƒ

{ejU Agmdo m VmpËËdH$ y{_Ho$VyZ gmXa àH$ënmMr

AmIUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVrb

H$m`_ OmoS>boë`m g_mOmgmR>r doJiçm àH$maMr

{ejUàUmbr hdr Amho `mMr g_J« _m§S>Ur S>m°. am_


VmH$dbo g{_VrZo _hmamîQ´> emgZmg Omo Ahdmb

gmXa Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m_Ü o {dñVmamZo Ho$br Amho. hr

_m§S>Ur H$aVmZm _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmV (ICT)

Am{U {ejUmMo Zdo _mJ©, g_mO {dH$mgmer {ejUmMr

OmoS>, OrdZH|$Ðr d y{_H$mYm[aV {ejU (Role based

learning) hr {ZË` Om oS >b oë`m g_mOmVrb

{ejUà{H«$`m AgyZ Ë`mVyZ {dÚmÏ`mªMo ^{dî` Am{U

g_mO{dH$mg KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r d _hm{dÚmb o AmË_{Z ©a

hmoÊ`mgmR>r _hm{dÚmb`m§À`m JQ>m-JQ>m§Zr EH$Ì odyZ

{dH$mg{ejUmMr gwê$dmV H$amdr Aem àH$maMr y{_H$m

`m AhdmbmV _m§S>br Amho.

`m y{_Ho$VyZM d S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo `m§À`m

_mJ©Xe©ZmImbr 2009 _Ü o àW_V… nwUo {OëhçmVrb

J«m_rU mJmVrb 5 _hm{dÚmb`m§Mm JQ> ñWmnZ H$ê$Z

{dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmMr AmIUr H$amdr Ago R>abo.

n wT > o 2010 _Üò n wU o eha qnnar-qMMdS>

_hmZJanm{bH$m hÔ m ehar {d^mJmMmhr m nWXe©H$

àH$ënmV g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV mdm åhUOo J«m_rU Am{U

ehar Aem XmoÝhr {d^mJmVrb _hm{dÚmb`mVyZ "{dH$mg

{ejU' àH$ën am~dyZ {_iUmao {ZîH$f© BVa

_hm{dÚmb`m§Zm Cn`moJr nS>Vrb Ago YmoaU R>a{dbo

Jobo.Am¡nMm[aH$ Am{U AZm¡nMm[aH$ {ejUmMm doi

KmbyZ J«m_rU mJmVrb Jmd nmVirdarb d ehamVrb

à^mJ (dm°S>©) nmVirdarb CnbãY AgUmè`m gd©

àH$maÀ`m gmYZm§Mm H$m ©j_ Cn`moJ H$aUo, Ë`m AmYmao

CËnmXZ j_Vo_Ü o dmT> KS>{dUo Am{U Ë`mVyZ g_mOmbm

{dH$mgmÀ`m nwT>rb Q>ßß`mda KodyZ OmUmam {ejU àH$ën

åhUOo {dH$mg {ejU àH$ën hmo . (Developmental

Education Project) g_mO {dH$mgmgmR>r {ejUmÀ`m

CÔoemZo nwUo eha Am{U {OëhçmVrb _hm{dÚmb`m§À`m

JQ> ñWmnZoMr C{ÔîQ>ço nwT>rbà_mUo …

♦ _hm{dÚmb`m§Mr OmoS>Ur (Networking) H$ê$Z

Ë`mVyZM {eH$Umè`m d {dH$mg gmYUmè`m

JQ>m§Mr (LAD groups = Learning & Developing

groups) {Z{_©Vr H$aUo.

♦ {dÚmWu, {ejH$, ZmJ[aH$ d ñWm{ZH$ g§ñWm

`m§Mr Ë`m§À`m {dH$mgmÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo JQ>{Z{_©Vr

H$aUo.

♦ Aem {eH$Umè`m d ñd §{dH$mg gmÜ` H$aUmè`m

JQ>m-JQ>m§_Ü o ^mJrXmar àñWm{nV H$aUo.

♦ ^y{_H$mYm[aV {ejUmMo Aä`mgH«$_ àËòH$

_hm{dÚmb`mZo ñdV§ÌnUo V`ma H$aUo (Role

based learning corses) d EH$_oH$m§_Ü o Ë`m§Mr

_wŠV {ejUñÌmoVm§À`m (OER) _mÜ`_mVyZ AmXmZ

àXmZ ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aUo.

♦ {d{eîQ> ^mJmVrb (JmdmVrb/dmS>©_Yrb)

CnbãY g§gmYZm§Mm AmT>mdm KoUo.

♦ {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vr OmJ¥Vr H$aUo.

♦ {dH$mgmÀ`m à{H«$ oVrb gd© KQ>H$m§Zm {dH$mg

H$m`m©gmR>r EH${ÌVarË`m àd¥Îm H$aUo.

♦ JmdmVrb, dm°S>m©Vrb `m {d{eîQ> ^mJmVrb

{dH$mgmgmR>r CnbãY AgUmè`m gd© KQ>H$m§Mm

{dH$mg H$m_mgmR>r H$m ©j_[aVrZo dmna H$aUo.

♦ emgZmÀ`m gd© {dH$mg `moOZm§Mm {dH$mg

H$m_mgmR>r J«m_nmVirda, dm°S>© nmVirda

g_Ýd` gmYUo.

♦ {dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {ejU

Am{U g_mO{dH$mg `m§Zm gmYUmao à{V_mZ

V`ma H$aUo.

♦ {dH$mg {ejU H| $ÐmMr (Development

Education Centre) ñWmnZm Jmd, dm°S>© nmVirda

H$aUo.

amÁ`gmYZ H|$Ð (State Resource Centre) nwUo

^maVr` {ejU g§ñWm nwUo (IIE), nwUo {dÚmnrR> àm¡T>,

{Za§Va {ejU d kmZ{dñVma {d^mJ _hmamîQ´> kmZ

_hm_§S>i (MKCL), amîQ´>r` godm `moOZm {d^mJ Am{U


nwUo {dÚmnrR>mer g§b½Z nwUo {OëhçmVrb 10 {ZdS>H$

_hm{dÚmbò (5 J«m_rU ^mJmVrb d 5 ehar

^mJmVrb) `m§À`m g§`wŠV {dÚ_mZo gXa àH$ën

ñd §àoaUoZo am~dmd`mMm Amho. `m nWXe©H$ àm`mo{JH$

àH$ënmgmR>r ^maVr` {ejU g§ñWoÀ`m IoS> {edmnya

oWrb Oo. nr. ZmB©H$ J«m_rU _{hbm {dH$m{gZr d

eoVH$ar {dH$mg àH$ën Am{U nwUo {dÚmnrR>mer g§b½Z

10 _hm{dÚmb`m§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. IoS>

{edmnya oWrb 8 Vo 10 Jmdo nydunmgyZM _{hbm

g~brH$aUmÀ`m àH$ënm_Ü o gh^mJr Pmbobr AmhoV.

`m JmdmV eoVH$è`m§À`m {ejU à{ejUmMo H$m_hr

_yb yV ñdê$nmV Mmby Amho. m nmíd© y_rda maVr`

{ejU g§ñWm Am{U amÁ`gmYZ H|$Ð, nwUo m§À`mdVrZo

`m gd© Jmdm§_Üò {dH$mg {ejUH|$Ðm§Mr ñWmnZm

H$amd`mMr Amho. `m H|$ÐmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ JmdmÀ`m

{dH$mgmgmR>r CnbãY gmYZ gm_wJ«rMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z

`m g§gmYZm§À`m H$m ©H«$_ dmnamMo CnH«$_ ñWm{ZH$

{ejU d {dH$mg JQ>m§À`m dVrZoM am~{dÊ`mV oVrb.

nwUo {dÚmnrR>mer g§b½Z nwUo {OëhçmVrb J«m_rU

^mJmVrb gr. Q>r. ~moam. H$m°boO. {eéa, {dÚm à{VîR>mZ

AmQ>©g, H$m°_g© d gm`Ýg H$m°boO ~mam_Vr, AZ§Vamd

WmonQ>o H$m°boO, ^moa, AmQ>©g², H$m°åmg© A°ÊS> gm`Ýg

H$m°boO, ZmamÙJmd, ~r. S>r. H$mio AmQ>©g², H$m°_g©

H$m°boO, KmoS>oJmd, `m nmM _hm{dÚmb`m§Mr {ZdS>

H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. ehar ^mJmVrb H$m°boO_YyZhr

Aem nWXeu àH$ënmMr gwê$dmV ìhmdr åhUyZ nwUo d

qnnar-qMMdS> _hmZJanm{bH$m n[agamVrb EHy$U 5

_hm{dÚmbò `m àH$ënmV {ZdS>Ê`mV Ambr Vr

nwT>rbà_mUo … A~oXm BZm_Xma \$m°a Jb©g², nwUo H°$ån,

a`V {ejU g§ñWoMo S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a H$m°boO

Am¢Y, à{V^m dm{UÁ`, {dkmZ d g§JUH$emñÌ

_hm{dÚmb`, Zdr gm§Jdr, _hmË_m \w$bo H$m°boO, qnnar,

S>m°. AaqdX ~. Vob§J H$m°boO, {ZJS>r d hþOwanmJm

dm{UÁ` d {dkmZ H$m°boO, bú_ramoS>, nwUo.

J«m_rU ^mJmVrb _hm{dÚmb`m§Zr Amnë`m

n[agamVrb {H$_mZ 3 Jmdm§Mr ehar ^mJmVrb

_hm{dÚmb`mZo {H$_mZ 3 dm°S>m©Mr {ZdS> {dH$mg {ejU

àH$ën am~{dÊ`mgmR>r H$aUo Ano{jV Amho.

{dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmVrb {dH$mg joÌ

{ejUmVyZ emídV {dH$mg ho A§{V_ C{ÔîQ>

S>moiçmg_moa R>odyZ m àË oH$ _hm{dÚmb`mZo {ZdS>boë`m

JmdmVrb, dm°S>m©Vrb {dH$mg joÌmda bj H|${ÐV H$amdo

Aer {dH$mgjoÌo nwT>rbà_mUo …

♦ {ejU gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ ~Xb

♦ H¥$fr CËnmXH$Vm d bm^

♦ COm© g§YmaU An§anamJV COm© dmna d emídV

{dH$mg

♦ gdmªgmR>r mo½` ñdÀN> d h[aV n[apñÏmVr (Clean

& Green ecology)

♦ gd© {eH$Umè`m JQ>m§gmR>r gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dH$mg

_mJ©

WmoS>Š`mV _mZdr {dH$mg {ZX}eH$m§er {ZJ{S>V

Agboë`m gd© {ZH$fm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r {ejUmMm

n[aUm_H$maH$ Cn`moJ H$aUo Ano{jV Amho. {ejU,

COm©, Amamo½`, H¥$fr d g_mO{dH$mg `m àmYmÝ`

H«$_m§gmR>r _hm{dÚmb`rZ kmZ, V§ÌkmZ ñÌmoVm§Mm

Cn`moJ H$aUo hr `m àH$ënmMr _hËdmMr JaO Amho.

O~m~XmarMo dmQ>n … amÁ`gmYZ H|$Ð, nwUo `m

àH$ënmVrb "{dH$mg {ejU' gm{hË` {Z{_©Vr d Ë`m

AZwf§JmZo òUmè`m J«m_,dm°mS>©(à^mJ) nmVirdarb

à{ejUmMr O~m~Xmar KoV Amho. maVr` {ejU g§ñWm

d Ë`m§À`m gh`moJr g§ñWm `m g§X^m©Vrb ñWm{ZH$

`moJXmZ Am{U àH$ënmÀ`m g§emoYZmMr O~m~Xmar

CMbV AmhoV. àËòH$ _hm{dÚmb`mZo Amnë`m

n[agamVrb {ZdS>boë`m Jmd-dm°S>© (à^mJ) `mgmR>r

Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m kmZ, {ejU à{ejU, g§emoYZ


Am{U {dñVmagodm (Teaching Research & Extension)

Amnmnë`m H$m°boOÀ`m g§gmYZm§_YyZ nyU© H$amd`mÀ`m

AmhoV.

àH$ënmVrb V§ÌkmZmMm dmnaàH$ënmVrb V§ÌkmZmMm dmnaàH$ënmVrb V§ÌkmZmMm dmnaàH$ënmVrb V§ÌkmZmMm dmnaàH$ënmVrb V§ÌkmZmMm dmna

{dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmVrb Xþgè`m Q>ßß`mda

àJV V§ÌkmZmMm VgoM _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm

(ICT) H$m ©j_ dmna gwê$ hmoUma Amho. Ë`m ÑîQ>rZo

ao{S>Amo, H$å w{ZQ>r ao{S>Amo, gob \$moZ, _ëQ>r_r{S>`m,

Xÿa{ejU V§ÌkmZ, XÿaXe©Z (ETH) BË`mXr V§ÌkmZmMm

{dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmV Cn`moJ hmoUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r

^maVr` {ejUg§ñWm Am{U amÁ`gmYZH|$Ð, nwUo

g§`wŠV[aË`m BVa H$mhr ^mJrXmam§~amo~a àH$ënmMr

AmIUr d A§_b~OmdUr H$aob. _hmamîQ> kmZ _hm_§S>i

(MKCL) `m {ZdS>boë`m Jmdm§gmR>r , à^mJm§gmR>r

{dÚmnrR>r` {ejUmnmgyZ g_mOmÀ`m \$ma _moR>çm Anojm Amho. nXdr ho Ogo

ZmoH$arMo gmYZ _mZbo OmV Amho qH$dm Agmdo hr Anojm Amho. VgoM nXdr hr

gm_m{OH$ à{VîR>oMm ^mJhr ~Zbr Amho. kmZmbm Amnë`m g_mOmV Or _mÝ`Vm d

loîR>Ëd {Xbo Amho Ë`mMmM hm n[aUm_, Ë`m_wio nXdr àmá H$ê$ BpÀN>Umè`m§Mr

g§»`m dmT>br. nyduÀ`m {ejUnÕVrMm \$m`Xm H$mhr _yR>â bmoH$m§Zm {_iV hmoVm.

åhUyZM Vo dJu` {ejU (Šbmg EÁ wHo$eZ) hmoVo. AmVm Vo bmoH$ {ejU (_mg

EÁ wHo$eZ) Pmbo Amho. na§Vw hm ~Xb g§» oV Pmbm. {ejUnÕVr _mÌ VrM am{hbr,

hrM Iar emoH$m§{VH$m Amho.


_hm{dÚmb`m§Zm OmoS>Ur (Connectivity) CnbãY H$ê$Z

XoÊ`mgmR>r nwT>o Ambo Amho. Ë`m_wio Iwbo {ejU ñÌmoV

Open Learning Resources A{YH$ m {YH $

n[aUm_H$maH$ dmnaÊ`mMr gw{dYm Jmd à^mJ nmVirda

CnbãY hmoUma AmhoV. Ë`mVyZM {dH$mg {ejUmMm

àH$ën A{YH$ H$m ©j_, JVr_mZ Am{U n[aUm_H$maH$

hmoUma Amho.

kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mOmVrb g_mOH|$Ðr {ejU

ì`dñWoMm à^mdr Cn`moJ {dH$mg {ejU àH$ënmV

H$ê$Z 35 Vo 40 hOma bmoH$g§» on ªV {dH$mg {ejU

KoD$Z OmÊ`mMm hm nWXeu à`ËZ Amho. Mmby Pmbobo

{dH$mg {ejU H$m`_ {Q>H${dÊ`mMm à`ËZ gdmªÀ`m

ñd §ào[aV d g{H«$` gh^mJmVyZ hmoUma Agë`mZo hm

"{Ma§VZ {dH$mgmMm {Za§Va {ejU' àH$ën Amho. Ë`mMr

ì`mnH$ JaO oUmam H$mi {ZpíMV R>adob.

nnnnn


{ejUjoÌmVrb à`moJerb ì`pŠV_Ëd

gr. Ho$. XogmB©

{ejUm{df`rÀ`m gd© MMm©gÌmVyZ, {ejUmda

^mî` H$aUmè`m amOH$s` d AamOH$s` ì`ŠVr,

{ejUmVrb H$mhr g_OUmè`m qH$dm Z g_OUmè`m

gd© ì`ŠVr¨Mo EH$m ~m~VrV EH$_V AgVo. Vo åhUOo

"[ejUmV A_ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbm nm[hOo.' hm A_ybmJ«

~Xb åhUOo Zo_H§$ H$m`? {ejUnÕVrV ~Xb H$am

nU åhUOo ZŠH$s H$m` H$am`M§? Agm àíZ CnpñWV

Ho$bm H$s ~hþVoH$ OU Vr O~m~Xmar {ejUVÁk AWdm

gaH$mada T>H$byZ ~mOybm hmoVmV. `mM§ _w»` H$maU

{ejUm{df`r {dMma _m§S>VmZm ~è`mM JmoîQ>r gwñnîQ>

Agmì`m bmJVmV.

♦ {ejUmMo C{ÔîQ> H$m` Agmdo.

♦ AmOMo d 40-50 dfm©Z§VaMo XoemnwT>Mo àíZ

H$moUVo AgVrb?

♦ e¡j{UH$ ~Xb H$moUË`m ñVamda H$am`Mm?

♦ H$moUË`m {dÚmWu JQ>m~amo~a d {ejH$m§À`m

_mÜ`_mVyZ ~Xb am~dm`Mm?

♦ e¡j{UH$ gmÀ`m_Ü o EH$X_ ~Xb Z H$aVm

gd© KQ>H$m§À`m nMZr nS>ob Agm n[adV©ZmMm

AmamIS>m V`ma H$aUo.

♦ {dÚmWu, {ejH$, {ejUVÁk, emgZ, g_mO

`m gd© KQ>H$m§Zm nQ>dyZ XoV, à`moJmV gm_mdyZ

KoV e¡j{UH$ à`moJ gwê$ H$amdm bmJVmo Am{U

gmVË`mZo dmQ>Mmb gwê$ R>odmdr bmJVo.

e¡j{UH$ à`moJmV Aem AZoH$ JmoîQ>r EH$mMdoir

gmYUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.

1970 Vo 78 m H$mbI§S>mV nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m

nXmW©{dkmZ {d^mJmV S>m°. E_². Ama. {^S>o, S>m°. am_

VmH$dbo d S>m°. d¡Ú hr Ì`r A{Ve` doJmZo H$m_ H$aV

hmoVr. d¡Ú gam§Zr nwUo {dÚmnrR>mV g§JUH$ {ejUmMr

_whÿV©_oT> amodbr. gr-S>°H$À`m ñWmnZoV nwT>mH$ma KoVbm.

Ë`mMm dQ>d¥j Pmbobm AmnU gd©OU AZw dVmo AmhmoV.

{^S>o gam§Zr nXmW©{dkmZ {d^mJmV AZoH$ (emim§_Ü o)

emIm§V g§emoYZ gwê$ Ho$bo. AënmdYrV nwUo

{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m nXmW©{dkmZ {d^mJmbm Am§VaamîQ´>r`

ñVamda Zobo. Ë`mM~amo~a {^S>o gam§Zr nXdrÀ`m

{dÚmÏ`mªgmR>rhr _mobmMo H$m © Ho$bo. nXmW©{dkmZ {df`

KoD$Z nXdr KoUmè`m {dÚmÏ`m©bm {Vgè`mdfu àH$ën

H$aUo A{Zdm © Ho$bo. nXmW©{dkmZ {df`mÀ`m gd©M

_hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejH$m§Zm {dMma H$aUo d àH$ën H$aUo.

Vo {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoUo A{Zdm © Pmbo. {dÚmÏ`mªZm

ñdV…À`m hmVmZo N>moQ>ogo CnH$aU, Cn wŠV àUmbr,

{d{eîQ> Aä`mg H$amdm bmJy bmJbm. `mVyZ {dÚmWu

d {ejH$ JVr_mZ Pmbo. _hm{dÚmb`mVrb nXmW©{dkmZ

{d^mJ g_¥Õ hmoD$ bmJbo. nXì`wÎma {ejUmgmR>r

oUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªMm XOm© gwYmê$ bmJbm.


_hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejUmVrb AmUIr EH$ ÌwQ>r

åhUOo {dÚmnrR>mZo Zo_bobm Aä`mgH«$_ àË`jmV AJXr

doJdoJiçm nÕVrZo {eH$dbm OmVmo. Ë`mH$mir nmM

{OëhçmVrb _hm{dÚmb o nwUo {dÚmnrR>mer g§b½Z hmoVr.

Ë`m Ë`m {R>H$mUMo àmÜ`mnH$ Amnmnbm Hw$dVrZwgma,

dHw$~mZwgma, g_OwVrZwgma ho Aä`mgH«$_ {eH$drV

AgV. n[aUm_V… J«m_rU ^mJmVrb {dÚmWu Á`m

VmH$XrZo gj_ ìhm`bm hdoV Vgo hmoVmZm {XgV ZìhVo.

{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m nXì wÎma Aä`mgH«$_mV, g§emoYZmV, A

- XOmªÀ`m ZmoH$è`m§_Ü o J«m_rU {dÚmÏ`mªMo à_mU ZJÊ`

Ago. Aä`mgH«$_ {d{eîQ> H$mbmdYrV nyU© H$aÊ`mbm

"{gb°~g H$ìha H$aUo' Agm eãXà`moJ éT> hmoVm d

Amho. gd©M {ejUVÁk (qH$dm/Am{U "Z-

{ejUVÁk') daModa 'syllabus should be

uncovered rather than covered' Ag§ AOyZhr

gm§JV AgVmV. nU åhUOo ZŠH$s H$m` H$am`M§?

Agm àíZ Aä`mgH«$_ Mm§Jë`m arVrZo am~dUmè`m

àmÜ`mnH$ dJm©g gVmdV Ago. S>m°. VmH$dbo gam§Zr

{dMma_§WZmVyZ `mda VmoS>Jm H$mT>bm. àË oH$ gÌmÀ`m

Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r-nonagmR>r {H$_mZ 600 Vo 700

àíZ AgUmar, 1500 _mH$mªMr (JwUm§Mr) {dñV¥V

àíZnoT>r V`ma H$aÊ`mMm àH$ën V`ma Ho$bm.

àmÜ`mnH$m§gmR>r Aä`mggÌo, H$m ©emim§Mo Am`moOZ Ho$bo.

gd© Aä`mgH«$_m§gmR>r àmÜ`mnH$m§Mo JQ> {Z wŠV H$ê$Z

H$mb~Õ arVrZo, {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m {d^mJmV ~gyZM

gdmªH$Sy>Z àíZnoT>>çm V`ma H$ê$Z KoVë`m. EH$m gÌmÀ`m

EH$m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r 600 àíZm§Mr, 1500 JwUm§Mr

àíZnoT>r H$aVmZm Ë`m Aä`mgH«$_mMm gImob Aä`mg

Pmbm. {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m àíZn{ÌHo$Vrb {Zå_o àíZ

àíZnoT>rVrb AgUo A{Zdm`© Ho$bo. Ë`m_wio {df`

{ejH$m§Zm ho àíZ gmoS>dmdo bmJbo. {dÚmÏ`mªZm àíZ d

Ë`m§Mr CÎmao g_OmdyZ KoÊ`mg _XV H$amdr bmJbr.

àmÜ`mnH$m§Mr {df` kmZmMr Imobr dmT>br. AÜ`mnZmV

àíZnoT>>rMr XIb ¿`mdr bmJV Agë`mZo J«m_rU

{dÚmÏ`mªZm gH$g kmZ {_iy bmJbo. {dÚmÏ`mªZm

Aä`mgmMr {Xem ñnîQ> Pmbr. àmÜ`mnH$m§H$Sy>Z

Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Pmbm Zmhr Var {dÚmWu ñdV… ZoQ>mZo

Aä`mg H$ê$ bmJbo. Ë`m§Mr JwUdÎmm dmTy> bmJbr.

n[aUm_V… J«m_rU {dÚmWu _moR>çm g§» oZo {dÚmnrR>mV

{Xgy bmJbo. Vo AmË_{dídmgmZo nwT>o oD$ bmJbo.

{ejUmda Am{U {ejUnÕVrda {Z`{_V

hmoUmar Q>rH$m åhUOo - {ejUmMm OrdZmer g§~§Y

VwQ>bobm Amho. {ejUmMm g_mOmer g§~§Y Cabm Zmhr.

{ejU H$go Agmdo ho hñVrX§Vr _Zmoè`mV ~gyZ R>adbo

OmVo. _hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejU H$mhr R>am{dH$ {dÚmÏ`mªMmM

ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mg hmoV AgVmo. ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mgmMr

gdmªZm g§Yr {_iV Zmhr. {dÚmnrR>r` {ejUmV nwñVH$s

kmZmbmM \$ŠV _hÎd AgyZ Ë`mV l_mbm g§YrM

Zmhr. _mÌ l_mbm à{VîR>m Hw$Ry >Z AgUma?

l{_H$m§{df`r {e{jV _mUgm§À`m _ZmV ~amo~arMr

^mdZm H$er AgUma? `mgmaIr Q>rH$m AmOhr hmoV

AgVo Am{U Vr hmoV amhUma.

S>m°. VmH$dbo ho gmVË`mZo {dMma H$aUmao, {dMma

_m§S>Umao ì`pŠV_Ëd Amho. Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`mda

Cnm` emoYUmahr ì`pŠV_Ëd Amho. 1978 gmbr

Hw$bJwê$ Pmë`mda Ë`m§Zm A{YH$ ì`mnH$ ì`mgnrR>


{_imbo. {ejUmVrb àíZ d Ë`mdarb Q>rH$m Ë`m§Zm

kmV hmoVrM. Ë`mda Cnm` emoYm`Mm Vo gmVË`mZo

à`ËZ H$aV hmoVo. g_{dMmar ghH$mè`m§~amo~a gmVË`mZo

O_ob {VWo O_ob Ver MMm© H$aV amhmUo hm Va

Ë`m§Mm qnS>M Amho. Aem MM}VyZ H$mhr _yë o qH$dm

gyÌo gmH$ma hmoD$ bmJbr. m _yë`m§Zwgma {ejUnÕVr

~m§YVm oB©b H$m hm {dMma gwê$ Pmbm. Ë`mVrb H$mhr

_yë o, gyÌo Aer -

♦ {dÚmnrR>r` Aä`mgH«$_mda AmYm[aV Cn`mo{OV

Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aUo d am~dUo.

♦ gd© {dÚmÏ`mªMo hmVmZo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë`

dmT>dUo.

♦ gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZm ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mgmMr g§Yr

CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.

♦ g_mOmVrb Hw$eb Am{U {ejU nÕVrV

gm_mdyZ KoUo.

♦ {dÚmÏ`mª_Yrb àM§S> D$Om©ñÌmoV, g_mOmVrb

Cno{jV Am{U Jar~ KQ>H$m§gmR>r OmUrdnyd©H$

dmnaUo.

nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_nwZa©{MV Aä`mgH«$_

`mgmaIr AmUIr H$mhr _yë o nm`m yV åhUyZ

ñdrH$mabr Jobr. g_{dMmar ghH$mar, Hw$bJwê$, {dÚmnrR>

AZwXmZ Am`moJmVrb nwamoJm_r {dMmam§Mo ghH$mar m§Zm

~amo~a KoD$Z {ejUmMo EH$ ZdrZ àmén V`ma Ho$bo.

AZoH$ àmMm`mªer MMm© Ho$br. àmMm`mªH$Sy>Z ZdrZ

Aä`mgH«$_ am~dÊ`m{df`r ½dmhr {_idë`mZ§Va

{dÚmnrR> H$m`Xm _§S>i, ì`dñWmnH$ _§S>i, emgZ,

{dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ Aem gd© nmViçm§darb

g§~§{YVm§Zm Ë`mMr Cn wŠVVm g_OmdyZ {Xbr. Ë`m§Mr

_mÝ`Vm {_idbr. `mZ§Va hm Aä`mgH«$_ àË`j

am~dÊ`mg gwadmV Pmbr.

`m Aä`mgH«$_mMo nmM à_wI KQ>H$ Com-

ponents hmoVo.

♦ A component - Foundation course -

nm`m yV Aä`mgH«$_

♦ B component - {dÚmnrR>mMo Zoh_rMo

Aä`mgH«$_

♦ C component - Skill orienter courses

- H«${_H$ Aä`mgH«$_mer g§b½Z Cn`mo{OV

Aä`mgH«$_

♦ D component - Skill orienter courses

- H$m¡eë`mYm[aV Aä`mgH«$_

♦ E component - Personality develop-

ment courses ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mgmMo

Aä`mgH«$_.

1. A component _Üò Foundation

course - nm`m yV Aä`mgH«$_ hmoVm. Q>mQ>m _yb yV

g§emoYZ H|$ÐmVrb S>m°. ìhr. Or. Hw$bH$Uu d Ë`m§Mo

ghH$mar `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr hm Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma

H$aÊ`mV Ambm. hm Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMm _yi

CÔoe Agm - Amnë`m {dÚmnrR>r` {ejUnÕVrV H$bm,


dm{UÁ` d {dkmZ Ago ñdV§Ì {d^mJ AmhoV.

{dkmZmÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$bm d dm{UÁ` {df`m§g§~§Yr

{H$_mZ kmZhr ZgVo. ~±Ho$VyZ {S>_m§S> S´ >mâQ>

{_i{dÊ`mgmR>rMm AO© H$gm âmdm, dñVy IaoXr

H$aÊ`m{df`rMo nÌ (purches order) H$go {bhmdo.

{dYmZg^m-{dYmZn[afX mVrb \$aH$ H$m`, Amnë`m

^mfoVrb gm{hË`, mVrb Mma H$WmH$ma, H$mX§~arH$ma,

H$dr `mgmaIo H$mhrhr \$mago _m{hVr ZgVo. VerM

AdñWm dm{UÁ` d H$bm emIoVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr AgVo.

{dÚmnrR>mMr nXdr KoUmè`m àË oH$mg H$mhr {H$_mZ

kmZ Agmdo. Ë`mÀ`m gm_mÝ` kmZmMr nmVir CÀM

Agmdr hm `m Aä`mgH«$_mMm CÔoe hmoVm. `m

Aä`mgH«$_mV VrZhr emImVrb H«$m§VrH$mar emoY, Á`m§Zr

ho emoY bmdbo Ë`m§Mr _m{hVr, H$mhr {dMmaYmam d

Ë`m§Mr _ybVÎdo, bmoH$emhr d BVa amOH$s` nÕVr,

Amnbo eoVr ì`dñWmnZ d AW©ì`dñWmnZ, gm_m{OH$

d Z¡g{J©H$ {d{dYVm. Amnbm B{Vhmg d OmJ{VH$

B{Vhmg `mVrb nañnag§~§Y Aem AZoH$ JmoîQ>tMm

A§V^m©d Agë`mZo `m Aä`mgH«$_mbm ì`mnH$ n[a_mU

bm^bo hmoVo.

gd© emIm§Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm hm {df` {eH$Uo

A{Zdm`© hmoVo. {dÚmWu Amnmnë`m emIoVrb

àmÜ`mnH$m§Zm `mg§~§Yr àíZ {dMmaV AgV. Ë`m_wio

Ë`m§Zmhr hm Aä`mg H$aUo Amdí`H$ Pmbo. VrZhr

{d^mJmVrb àmÜ`mnH$ hm {df` {eH$dy eH$V AgV.

♦ B component - {dÚmÏ`m©bm EImXçm

emIoVrb nXdr {_idÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m emIoVrb

H$mhr {ZpíMV Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© H$amdo bmJVmV.

B component - _Ü o Aem Aä`mgH«$_m§Mm

g_mdoe hmoVm. A, C, D, E `m nwZa©{MV

Aä`mgH«$_m_Üò _hÎdmMo ñWmZ hmoVo. `m

KQ>H$m§Zm Aä`mgH«$_mV gm_mdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r BVa

_hm {dÚmb`mV am~dë`m OmUmè`m

Aä`mgH«$_mn¡H$s 33 Q>ŠHo$ Aä`mgH«$_ H$_r

H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m_mJo {dÚmÏ`mªdarb

Aä`mgmMm d H$m_mMm ^ma \$ma dmTy> Z o hm

CÔoe hmoVm.

♦ C component `m_Ü` o {dÚmnrR > r`

Aä`mgH«$_mer (B) g§~§{YV Cn`mo{OV

Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Z_wÝ`mXmIb

VrZhr emIm§Vrb H$mhr Aä`mgH«$_ Ago

♦ ao{S>Amo d XÿaXe©Z - VÎd - aMZm d H$m ©.

♦ D$Om© Aä`mgH«$_ (Energy studies). CO}Mo

{d{dY àH$ma d ñÌmoV, CnbãYVm, Cn wŠVVm,

H$m ©j_Vm, ZdrZrH$aUr` D$Om©ñÌmoV, Ë`m§Mm

A{YH$m{YH$ dmna.

♦ Am¡Úmo{JH$ agm`ZemñÌ.

♦ gmIa CÚmoJ, H$mJX CÚmoJ `m§À`mer g§~§{YV

agm`Z emñÌ (ho Aä`mgH«$_ ñWm{ZH$

CÚmoJm§er g§~§{YV AgVo).

♦ \$i~mJ emñÌ Horticulture

♦ \y$b eoVr Floriculture

♦ _Y_mer nmbZ emñÌ Bee keeping

♦ XÿaXe©Zdarb, ao{S>Amodarb H$m ©H«$_ H$go V`ma

Ho$bo OmVmV.

♦ XÿaXe©Zdarb, ao{S>Amodarb H$m ©H«$_m§Mo AW©

{Z`moOZ

♦ nÌH$m[aVm

♦ Mass - Communication

♦ ^mfm {dH$mg-^mfm emñÌo

♦ ZmQ>ç, Z¥Ë`, Jm`Z, dmXZ `m§Mr emñÌo

Ago AZoH$ Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma Ho$bo Jobo. àË oH$

emIoÀ`m d¡{eîQ>çm§Zwgma, JaOoZwgma VÁkm§À`m gëë`mZo

ho Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma Ho$bo Jobo. gr H$m§nmoZ§Q>_Yrb

_hÎdmMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo {Vgè`m dfu àËòH$

{dÚmÏ`m©bm EH$ àH$ën H$aUo A{Zdm © hmoVo. `mVrb


_hÎdmMo Q>ßno Ago hmoVo. àH$ën {ZdS>Uo, àíZ {ZpíMVr

H$aUo, _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo, à`moJ H$aUo, [ZarjUo

Zm|XdUo, _m{hVr AWdm à`moJmÀ`m {ZarjUm§Mo

n¥W…ŠH$aU H$aUo, {ZîH$f© Zm|XdUo, àH$ën Ahdmb

{b{hUo, narjoV gmXarH$aU d Vm|S>r narjm `m gd©

Q>ßß`m§_YyZ {dÚmÏ`m©bm OmdoM bmJV Ago. `mVyZ

{dÚmÏ`mªMr ZdrZ àíZm§H$S>o ~KÊ`mMr EH$ ÑîQ>r V`ma

hmoV Ago. ho gd© {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z KoVmZm

àmÜ`mnH$m§Zm àM§S> _ohZV ¿`mdr bmJV Ago d Vo

KoVhr AgV.

♦ D component - `m_Üò H$m ¡eë`mda

AmYm[aV Aä`mgH«$_m§Mm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV

Ambm. `mn¡H$s H$mhr Aä`mgH«$_ Ago-

♦ ao{S>Amo [anoA[a¨J.

♦ _moQ>ma [admBªqS>J - Q´>mÝg\$m°_©a dmBªqS>J.

♦ dopëS>¨J.

♦ nmoëQ´>r ì`dñWmnZ.

♦ B_maV ~m§YH$m_mdarb XoI^mb - gwnapìhOZ

♦ {d{dY A§XmOnÌHo$ V`ma H$aUo.

♦ {hemo~ {b[hUo.

♦ eoVr g§~§{YV ~±H$ ì`dhma.

♦ eoVr g§~§{YV - emgH$s` moOZm - _m{hVr -

AO© H$go H$amdoV.

♦ VbmR>r H$m`m©b`mMo H$m_H$mO.

♦ {d{dY H$m ©H$mar ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo H$m ©.

♦ ghH$mar nVnoT>rMo H$m ©.

♦ ~MV JQ>mMo H$m ©.

♦ Hw$H$ar.

♦ \°$eZ {S>Pm`qZJ.

♦ N>m`m {MÌU, MbV {MÌU.

♦ {edU emñÌ.

♦ ~mV_r V`ma H$aUo, \$sMa V`ma H$aUo.

♦ Om{hamV V`ma H$aUo.

`m gma»`m AZoH$ H$m¡eë`m§Mm m H$m§nmoZ§Q>_Ü o

g_mdoe hmoVm. _hm{dÚmb`mVrb àmÜ`mnH$ hr H$m¡eë o

{eH$dÊ`mg gj_ ZìhVoM. `mgmR>r JmdmVrb Hw$eb

H$mam{Jam§Mr, N>moQ>çm eñdr ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mr _XV KoVbr

Jobr. doëS>a, dH©$em°n MmbdUmao, nmoëQ´>r-S>oAar-

amondm{Q>H$m MmbdUmao, ao{S>Amo XþéñV H$aUmao, _moQ>ma

[admB§qS>J H$aUmao, ~±H$ A{YH$mar, emgH$s` A{YH$mar,

àJVrerb eoVH$ar Aem AZoH$m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo hm

Aä`mgH«$_ am~dÊ`mV òV Ago. ho ì`mdgm{`H$

_hm{dÚmb`mV oD$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm {eH$dy bmJbo. Ë`m§Zm

à{VîR>m bm^br. {dÚmWu kmZ KoÊ`mgmR>r, AZw d

KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m dH©$em°nda, eoVmda, S>oAarV,

XþH$mZmV OmD$ bmJbo. àË oH$ ì`dgm` H$gm MmbVmo,

Vmo H$gm Mmbdmdm bmJVmo mMo kmZ d mZ {dÚmÏ`mªZm

oD$ bmJbo. g_mOmVrb Hw$eb H$m_Jma, N>moQ>o-_moR>o

ì`mdgm{`H$, eoVH$ar `m§Mm {dÚmWu, àmÜ`mnH$,

_hm{dÚmb` `m§À`mer OdiyZ g§~§Y àñWm{nV Pmbm.

g_mOmbm {ejUà{H«$`m Amnbr dmQy> bmJbr.

g_mOmVrb AZoH$ KQ>H$, {dÚmWu, àmÜ`mnH$ m§À`m_Ü o

EH$ aMZmË_H$ ZmV§ V`ma Pmbo. ho `m àH$ënmMo \$ma

_moR>o è hmoVo.

gwadmVrbm ho ì`mdgm{`H$ `m H$m`©H«$_mV

CËgmhmZo gh^mJr Pmbo. _mo~Xë`mMr Ë`m§Zm Anojm

Zgo. _mÌ nwT>o-nwT>o Ë`m§Zm doi H$mT>Uo AeŠ` dmQy>

bmJbo. AË`ën _mo~Xë`mgmR>r ñdV…Mm ì`dgm` ~§X

R>odUo OmMH$ R>ê$ bmJbo. Ë`m§Mm CËgmh H$_r H$_r

hmoV Jobm. D component am~dUo _hm{dÚmb`mbm

H$R>rU hmoV Jobo.

♦ {J`m©amohU d {Jar «_U

♦ n`m©daU Aä`mg, OVZ d {dH$mg

♦ Zm{Q>H$m nWZmQ>ç boIZ, gmXarH$aU

♦ ì`gZ_wŠVr - OmJ¥Vr

♦ Hw$Qw>§~ {Z`moOZ


♦ J«m_ ñdÀN>Vm Am{U Amamo½` gmjaVm.

`m gmaIo H$mhr Aä`mgH«$_ `m H$m§nmoZ§Q>_Ü o

hmoVo.

{J`m©amohU d {Jar «_U Aä`mgH«$_ am~dVmZm

OdiOdi 100 doim {Jar «_U, XþJ© «_U ghçmÐrÀ`m

Xè`mImoè`mV qhS>Ê`mMr g§Yr {_imbr. Zì`m dmQ>m

emoYUo, H$R>rU n[apñWVrbm Vm|S> XoUo, _mohr_ nyU©

H$aUo, H$R>rU n[apñWVrV EH$moß`mZo amhUo Aem AZoH$

_yë`m§Mo g§dY©Z hmoV Jobo. emar[aH$ j_Vo{df`r OmJê$H$

AgmdoM bmJVo `mMohr ^mZ amhmVo. 19 {Xdg

[h_mb`mVrb 14000 \w$Q>mn`ªV {Jar^«_U hmhr

A{dñ_aUr` AZw d 25 {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m JmR>rer am{hbm.

`m nmMhr KQ>H$m§Mm Aä`mgH«$_mV A§V^m©d

Agë`mZo àË oH$ {dÚmÏ`m©bm {H$_mZ gm_mÝ`kmZ,

{df`kmZ, {df`mMo Cn`moOZ {H$_mZ H$m¡eë` d

ì`pŠV_Ëd {dH$mgmMr g§Yr {_iV Ago.

hm à`moJ àW_ gmV _hm{dÚmb`mV gwê$ Pmbm.

n wT > o nmM _hm{dÚmb`mV {Q >H$bm. g §J_Zoa

_hm{dÚmb`mVrb àmMm © _. {d. H$m¢{S>Ý` m§À`m I§~ra,

J{V_mZ d àmJ{VH$ ZoV¥Ëdm_wio {VWo hm àH$ën

CëboIZr` nÕVrZo am~{dbm Jobm. Zm{eH$ d àdamZJa

oWohr hm àH$ën {VVŠ`mM Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo am~dbm

Jobm. S>m°. VmH$dbo nwUo {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Hw$bJwé nXmdê$Z

{Zd¥Îm Pmë`mda Ë`m§Zm mgmR>r A{YH$ doi XoVm Ambm

Am{U hm à`moJ ~mam-Voam df} gwé am{hbm.

_J hm àH$ën nwT>o H$m am~dbm Jobm Zmhr? m

àH$ënmV gmVË`mZo H$m_ H$aUmam àmÜ`mnH$ åhUyZ _r

_mPo _V ì`ŠV H$arV Amho. S>m°. VmH$dbo, Ë`m§Mo

ghH$mar, àH$ën am~dUmè`m _hm{dÚmb`mMo àmMm ©

`m§Zr gXa àH$ën am~dÊ`mgmR>r oUmam àM§S> IM©-

AZwXmZrV ìhmdm åhUyZ gmVË`mZo à`ËZ Ho$bo. emgZmZo

A§eV… Var IM© {Xbm H$m? `mMr _bm {ZpíMV

_m{hVr Zmhr. g§J_Zoa _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dkmZ

{d^mJmMo doimnÌH$, àmÜ`mnH$m§Mm H$m © ma BË`mXtMm

_mPm OdiyZ g§~§Y hmoVm. gd©M {d^mJmMo ~hþVoH$ gd©

àmÜ`mnH$ Xa AmR>dS>çmbm 34/35 Vm{gH$m§Mm H$m © ma

CMbV AgV. mgmR>r AZwXm{ZV {ejH$m§À`m 1…7 Vo

1…8 nQ >{ejH$m§Mr {Z wŠVr H$aUo JaOoMo hmoVo. na§Vw

ho emgZmbm nQy> eH$bo Zmhr. S>m°. VmH$dbo Am{U

àmMm`mªMr Q>r_ emgZmbm nQ>dyZ XoÊ`mV H$_r nS>br.

ZdrZ {ejH$m§À`m {Z wŠË`m Pmë`m ZmhrV. OmXm H$m_

H$aUmè`m {ejH$m§Zm A§eV…hr _mo~Xbm {_imbm Zmhr.

~mam df} àH$ën am~dVmZm ~m¡{ÕH$ d emar[aH$ l_mZo

{ejH$ d {ejHo$Va H$_©Mmar X_yZ Jobo. OmXm IM©

^mJdVmZm g§ñWm _oQ>mHw$Q>rbm Ambm. emgZmÀ`m

CXmgrZVoZo ~mam dfmªZ§Va g§J_Zoa _hm{dÚmb`mV hm

àH$ën Wm§~dÊ`mV Ambm.

Varhr hm àH$ën eñdr Pmbm AgoM Amåhmbm

dmQ>Vo. m àH$ënmVyZ VmdyZ-gwbmIyZ {ZKmbobo Xadfu

gw_mao gmVeo {dÚmWu gVV ~mam df} EH$Q>çm g§J_Zoa

_hm{dÚmb`mVyZ g_mOmbm {_imbo. Vo g_mOmV AmOhr

_mobmMo H$m_ H$aV AmhoV. nmM _hm{dÚmb`mVrb

àË oH$s 60-70 àmÜ`mnH$ A{YH$ H$m_ H$aV hmoVo d

Vo H$aV am{hbo. Vo A{YH$ kmZg§nÞ Pmbo. Ë`m§Zm

A{YH$ gm_m{OH$ ^mZ Ambo. Ë`m§Zr Amnbo H$V©ì`

A{YH$ O~m~XmatZo nma nmS>bo d AOyZhr nmS>V AmhoV.

AmOhr S>m°. VmH$dbo "gdmªgmR>r XO}Xma {ejU' `m

Ü`mgmZo H$m ©aV AmhoV. mgmR>r g§JUH$, _wŠV {ejU-

ñÌmoV, Xÿa{ejU V§ÌkmZ m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z "ìhMw©Ab

ñHy$b' àH$ën am~dUo ho X_Xma AmìhmZ dmQ>Vo.

{ejUmVrb àíZm§Zm H$m`_Mr CÎmao emoYUo,

Ë`mVyZ g_mOmMm d XoemMm {dH$mg gmYUo VgoM

g_mOmVrb J[a~r d {df_Vm Xÿa H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Za§Va

à`ËZ H$aUmè`m S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo gam§~amo~a H$m_

H$aVmZm AmZ§XM hmoV amhVmo.

nnnnn


_hmamï>mV AZwVmB© dmK, Vmam~mB© _moS>H$, Am{U

{JOw mB© ~YoH$m m§À`m àoaUoVyZ AZm¡nMm[aH$ {ejUmMr

gwê$dmV Pmbr. Ë`m§À`m {dMmamVyZ Jobr 18 df}

~mb{ejUmMr Midi BWo gwê$ Pmbr. {ejU ho

g_mO n[adV©ZmgmR>r dmnabo Omdo `m hoVyZo {ejU

ì`dñWo{df`rMr hr Midi gwê$ Pmbr. _|Xyda AmYmarV

{ejU hr Zdr à{H«$`m AmVm Amnë`mH$S>o gwê$ Pmbr.

^maVmV nydu Jwê$Hy$b {ejUnÜXVr hmoVr; Vr

~mOybm gmê$Z AmYw{ZH$ {ejUnÜXVr {~«{Q>em§Zr

Amnë`mH$S>o AmUbr. {~«{Q>e H$mbmnmgyZ embo d

_hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejUmgmR>r AmnU AmOhr nmíMmË`

{ejUnÜXVrMo àmê$n pñdH$mabobo Amho.

Ame`m{Y{ð>V Aä`mgH«$_ åhUOo kmZ. Am{U

ho kmZ H$Yrhr J«§WmV, nwñVH$mV ~§{XñV ZgVo. gÜ`m

AmnU Ame`m{Yð>rV Aä`mgH«$_ `mMm AW© nwñVH$s

kmZmer H|$ÐrV Ho$bm Amho. Ame` nwñVH$mVyZ H$gm

¿`m`Mm Am{U Vmo n[ajoV H$gm _m§S>m`Mm mMoM kmZ

AmVm {Xbo OmVo. Aer Ame`m{Yð>rV {ejUnÜXVr

H$embm am~dm`Mr ? EImXm Ame` _m{hV hmoÊ`mgmR>r

( 'JwJb')google da Om`Mo. (gwê$ ) open H$am`Mo

Am{U _J hdo Vo {_idVm oVo. Am{U Or _m{hVr

dmnabr OmVo Vr bjmV amhVo. åhUOoM Vo kmZ

bjmV amôVo. _J Ame` {eH$dm`Mm H$embm ? H$m

{eH$mdm ? _J {Zamù`m nÜXVrZo {dMma H$m H$ê$

Z o ? gÜ`mÀ`m n[ajm nÜXVrV XmoZM ~wÜXr_Îmm§Mm

{dMma Ho$bm OmVmo V|ìhm ~hþ{dY ~wÜXr_Îmm§Mm {dMma

Amåhr H$aVmo H$m ? Amåhr Am_Mo {ejU, Am_Mr

_wb§ nwñVH$s kmZmÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV ~§{XñV Ho$br AmhoV.

Ago H$m ?

B.g.1937 gmbr _. Jm§YrOtZr hr {~«{Q>em§Zr

AmUbobr {ejUnÜXVr Amnë`mgmR>r Zmhr; Vr \o$Hw$Z

Úm Ago gm§{JVbo hmoVo Am{U mEodOr H$m_mdma AmYm[aV

{ejUnÜXVr Agmdr åhUyZ 'ZB© Vmbr_' Mr {Z{_©Vr

Ho$br. nU AmnU `mH$S>o bj {Xbo Zmhr. H$maU gÚ

{ejUì`dñWoV g_mOmVrb AZoH$m§Mo {hVg§~§Y Jw§Vbobo

AmhoV. nU AmVm hr nmíMmË` {ejUnÜXVr nmíMmË`

Xoem§_ÜòM H$mb~mø R>abr Amho. Vo bmoH$ AmVm

_hmamï´> ~mb{ejU n[afX, Ywio oWo Pmboë`m

18 ì`m A{YdoeZmMo CX²KmQ>H$ S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo

hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m ^mfUmVrb H$mhr ^mJ Amåhr

{ejUdoYÀ`m OmZodmar 2012 m A§H$mV KoVbm

hmoVm. hmM ^mJ Amåhr "S>m°. am_ VmH$dbo'

{deofm§H$mV nwÝhm CÜÑV H$arV AmhmoV. S>m°.

VmH$dbo m§Mo {dî`H$mbrZ {ejU{df`H$ {dMma

`m_YyZ dmMH$m§n ªV nmohMdÊ`mMm Am_Mm à`ËZ

Amho.

^{dî`H$mbrZ {ejUmMmdoY

S>m°. am_ VmH$dboS>m°. am_ VmH$dboS>m°. am_ VmH$dboS>m°. am_ VmH$dboS>m°. am_ VmH$dbo


'innovative education' Mm {dMma H$aV AmhoV.

Vr _§S>ir AmVm Z{dZ {ejUmÀ`m àmê$nmÀ`m emoYmV

AmhoV. innovative education hrM {ejUnÜXVr

BWyZ nwT>o {Q>H$Uma Amho.

ZdZ{dZ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aVmZm {ejU-

ì`dñWm H$er Agmdr `mMm {dMma gwê$ Pmbm H$maU

V§ÌkmZ ~Xbbo H$s g_mOì`dñWm ~XbVo. _mZdr

CËH«$m§VrMm B{Vhmg nm{hbm Va ho ñnï> hmoVo. -

Aí_ wJ, Vm_« wJ, nmfmU wJ B. hr V§ÌkmZmdê$ZM

nS>bobr Zmdo AmhoV.

Am¡Úmo{JH$ àJVr Pmbr H$s CËnmXZ dmT>bo

Am{U CËnmXZ dmT>ë`m_wio _mZdmMo d {ZgJm©Mo emofU

dmT>bo; `mbm _.Jm§Yr§Zr {damoY Ho$bm. _.Jm§YtZr

V§ÌkmZmbm, §Ìmbm {damoY Ho$bm Zmhr, na§Vw _yb yV

OrdZmdí`H$ CÚmoJm§Mm {dMma Ho$bm åhUOo Ago V§ÌkmZ

dmnam Oo Vwåhm§bm g~b H$aob, H$moUmMohr emofU hmoUma

Zmhr. nU hm {dMma Amåhr Q>mibm H$maU Am_À`m

g_moa Agbobr nmíMmË` {ejUnÜXVr. Ë`mVbo ho

Xmof AmVm nmíMmË`m§À`mM bjmV m`bm bmJbo AmhoV.

Amåhr _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m ~wÜXr_Îmm§Zm ~§{XñV

Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§Zm _moH$io H$am`bm nm{hOo. {ZgJm©VyZ

{eHy$ {Xbo nm{hOo. Am¡Úmo{JH$ {dH$mg dmB©Q> Amho H$m

? Va Z¸$sM Zmhr; nU XmoÝhrMm g_Vmob gmYUo

Amdí`H$ Amho. {ejUmMm d {dH$mgmMm Agm g_Vmob

gÜ`mÀ`m {ejU ì`dñWoV Amho H$m ? Va Ë`mM§ CÎma

'Zmhr' Ag§ Úmd§ bmJob. 1985 _Ü o H$moR>mar Am`moJmZo

Agm g_Vmob gmYm`Mm à`ËZ Ho$bm, nU Vmo \$gbm.

Amåhr m à`moJmV H$m \$gbmo ? H$maU {dH$mg åhUOo

H$m` hoM Amåhmbm H$ibo Zmhr. {dH$mgmMo XmoZM

KQ>H$ T>mo~i_mZmZo Amnë`mnwT>o Ambo - 1) ì`{º$dmXr

{dH$mg - `mV ^m§S>dbemhrMm g_mdoe hmoVmo, `mV

g_mOmMm EH$ KQ>H$ A{YH$ g§nÎmrMm _mbH$ hmoVmo.

2) gm_m{OH$ Ý`m`mMm {dH$mg - gmå`dmX - `mV

gd© g§nÎmrMr _mbH$s g_mZ _mZbobr Amho. åhUOo

EH$ {R>H$mUr ì`º$s _hÎdmMr Am{U Xwgè`m {R>H$mUr

g_mO _hÎdmMm Amho. XmoÝhrMm g_Vmob BWo gmYbm

OmV Zmhr; Am{U _.Jm§YtZr gm§{JVbobm {Vgam _mJ©

Amåhm§bm OmoS>Vm Ambm Zmhr. {ejU d {dH$mg mMm

g_Vmob Jm§YrOtÀ`m {ejU{dMmamV Amho, `mbmM

'g_dm`' Ago åhUVmV.

ì`º$s d g_mO `m§Mm {dH$mg {ejUmÀ`m

_mÜ`_mVyZ H$aVm oB©b H$m? _yë`mYm[aV g_mOmMr

{Z{_©Vr {ejU ì`dñWoVyZ H$aUma AmhmoV H$m ?

{dH$mgmMo Ago Zdo àmê$n Amnë`mbm _m§S>Vm oUma

Amho H$m ? mÑï>rZo 21 ì`m eVH$mV _§WZ gwê$ Pmbo

Amho Am{U `mMo CÎma 'hmo' Ago Amho. `mgmR>rM

{gZm[a`m o Situation based education-

aMZmË_H$ {ejUmMo àmê$n _mJÀ`m 5 dfm©V Amnë`mnwT>o

Ambo Amho.

V§ÌkmZ hr `m wJmMr \$ma _moR>r eº$s Amho.

gm_mÝ`m§Mo gm_mOrH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho kmZ

Ë`m§À`mn ªV nmohMbo nm{hOo. V§ÌkmZmÀ`m _XVrZo g_mO

n[adV©ZmMr Zd-g_mO{Z{_©VrMr à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMm

à`ËZ hmoV Amho.

`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g_mOmMm {dH$mg

H$aVmZm Vmo earamMo MmoMbo nwadUmam H$am`Mm H$s

AmËå`mMr CÞÎmr gmYUmam mda Jm§YrOr ~mobV hmoVo.

kmZ-{dH$mg-H$m_ `m {VÝhrMm gw§Xa Jmo\$

{Z_m©U H$aVm oVmo. kmZ d {dH$mgmMm g_dm` H$ê$Z

ârd H$m_ {Z_m©U hmoVo. {ejUmgmR>r {Z_m©U Pmbobo

H$m_ Am{U H$m_mVyZ {_imbobo {ejU _yë`mYmarV

AgVo. n¡gm ho A{Ve` N>moQ>o _yë` Amho. kmZ, V§ÌkmZ,

{ZgJ©, g_mO g§KQ>Z eº$s Am{U Z¡{VH$Vm hr _yë o

hrM _moR>r g§nÎmr Amho.

{ejU ho OrdZH|$Ðr Agmdo. åhUOo _mPo {ejU

_mÂ`m d g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Agmdo; mVyZ n¡gm


d _yë` `m§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aVm oB©b. n¡gm H$_dmdm nU

Ë`mgmR>r JaOm dmT>dy Z oV. Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~mMo nmbZ

H$aVm oB©b EdT>m n¡gm Z¸$s H$_dmdm nU g_mOmMm

{dÜd§g hmoB©b BVH$m n¡gm H$_dy Z o.

ñdV…À`m {dH$mgmVyZ, g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmVyZ

_yë`{Z{_©Vr ìhmdr Á`m_wio AmpË_H$ CÞÎmr KS>ob.

Ago AmpË_H$ CÞVr KS>dUmao {ejU hoM Iao {ejU.

^{dî` KS>{dUmè`m {ejUmMo VrZ Q>ßno _m§S>Vm

oVrb.

{ejU →{dH$mg → _yë`{Z{_©Vr.

Oo.nr. ZmB©H$ `m§Zr `m {ejU nÜXVrMr 5

VÎdo gm§{JVbr AmhoV :-

1) ^{dî`mMo {MÌ H$mT>m.

2) {ejUmMm d {dH$mgmMm g§~§Y OmoS>m.

3) Or {ejUnÜXVr Vwåhmbm {Z_m©U H$amd`mMr

Amho Ë`mgmR>r Vwåhmbm gJù`m§Zm qH$_V _moOmdr

bmJob.

4) àË oH$mbm mV y{_H$m ~Omdmdr bmJVo Am{U

Ë`m_wio àË oH$ y{_Ho$bm ñdV… _Ü o ~Xb KS>dmdm

bmJVmo. `mV y{_H$m àYmZ {ejH$ Agmdm bmJVmo;

Amnbr àYmZ y{_H$m H$moUVr ho àË oH$mbm g_Omdo

bmJVo Am{U Oo àYmZ H$m_ `m y{_Ho$Mo Amho Vo

AË §V ZrQ>nUo H$amdo bmJVo.

Am{U Ago y{_Ho$da AmYm[aV (Role based)

{ejU ¿`m`Mr JaOM Zmhr. VwPr y{_H$m Vy ZrQ>

nma nmS>br Agerb Va Z¸$sM H$m_ Mm§Jbo KS>Uma

Amho. hr {ejUmMr à{H«$`m Amho. n[ajm ZH$moM. Vw_Mr

àË oH$ Zmi g_mOmer OmoS>bobr Agob. Ë`mgmR>r -

1) j_Vm ~m§YUrMm H$m ©H«$_ Agob. Á`mV kmZ

d H$m¡eë`m§Mm g_mdoe Agob.

2) j_Vm {dH$mg - åhUOo _mÂ`m kmZmMm dmna

_bm _mPo àíZ gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r H$aVm `mdm.

`mV ghH$m ©, g_mOmVrb dV©Z d ì`dhma

BË`mXr Ano{jV AgVo.

3) gH$mamË_H$ _mZ{gH$Vm - _mZdVoÀ`m nmVirda

AmnU AË`mYw{ZH$ hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. ì`º$sMr

d¥Îmr, g_mOmMr d¥Îmr, Ë`mÀ`m H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m

nÜXVrdê$Z VmS>Vm oVo. åhUyZM _yë` hm

OrdZmMm {ejUmMm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ ~Zbm

nm{hOo.

_yë` KS>{dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m {ejUmVyZ Ambr

nm{hOo. Ë`mVyZ gd© g_mOmÀ`m gh^mJmZo C^r am{hbobr

{Z_m©U Ho$br nm{hOo. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m _XVrZo

{ejUmbm ZdrZ {Xem gdmªZm Ano{jV Aer XoVm

oB©b.

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{ejU ewëH$ H$m`Xm Oar H$aÊ`mV Ambm Var Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr hmoVmZm {XgV Zmhr. ewëH$m~m~VMo gd© {Z`_ Ymã`mda~gdyZ eham§Vrb emim ewëH$ AmH$maUr H$aV AmhoV. nwUo ehamVrb H$mhr _amR>r Va ~hþVm§e B§J«Or _mÜ`_mÀ`m{dZmAZwXm{ZV emim§Zr 40 Vo 50 Q>ŠHo$ ewëH$dmT> Ho$br Amho. `m dmT>rd ewëH$mMm AmH$S>m nmhÿZ nmbH$ hdmb{Xb PmbohmoVo. emim àdoemÀ`m à{H«$ oV gwédmVrbm àË oH$r 200 Vo 300 é. Mo àdoe AO© _moR>çm à_mUmV nmbH$m§Zm {dV[aV Ho$boOmVmV (amÌrnmgyZ AO© {_idÊ`mgmR>r nmbH$m§Zm ^ë`m_moR>çm am§JoV C o amhmdo bmJVo) Am{U Ë`mVyZ H$mhr 150{dÚmÏ`mªZmM àdoe {Xbm OmVmo, Vohr Ë`m§Mr _wbmIV KoD$Z, {d{dY {ZH$f bmdyZ. EdT>o gJio H$ê$Z àdoe {_imë`mZ§Vaemim 40 Vo 55 hOmam§n ªVMo ewëH$ (Á`m ewëH$mV nXdrn ªVMo {ejU ìhm`bm hdo! ) AmH$mabo OmVo. EdT>m IQ>mQ>mon H$ê$Z{_i{dbobm àdoe Kmbdm`Mm H$gm åhUyZ nmbH$hr ewëH$ ^ê$Z _moH$io hmoVmV. {ejU ewëH$ H$m`Úmbm H$mJXmdaM R>odV_Z_mZr H$ma^ma Mmbbm Amho Am{U nmbH$m§Mr byQ> hmoVo Amho. ewëH$ ê$ eH$V Zgboë`m nmbH$m§Zr _wbm§Zm emioV H$mTy>ZKoÊ`mMo gm§{JVbo OmVo Ago nmbH$m§Zr Z_yX Ho$bo.

H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd, H$moUË`mhr {dÚmÏ`m©g {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV R>ody$ Z o Ago EH$sH$S>o {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmÛmao gm§{JVboOmVo, Ë`mMdoir ewëH$mMo H$maU H$ê$Z AZoH$ {dÚmÏ`m©Zm {eH$m`bm AS>ga {Z_m©U H$aVmo AmhmoV, hr AmO pñWVr {XgVoAmho. `m n[apñWVr~m~V embo {ejU {d^mJmMr §ÌUm _mÌ JßnM Amho.

nnnnn {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V CXmgrZVm {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V CXmgrZVm {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V CXmgrZVm {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V CXmgrZVm {ejU hŠH$ H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXt~m~V CXmgrZVm

{ejU hŠH$ H$m`Xm (RTE) H$ê$Z g_mOmVrb gd© KQ>H$m§À`m {ejUmMm {dMma H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m H$m`Úm§VJ©V Á`m

VaVwXr H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho, Ë`m~m~V _mÌ H$mgdmÀ`m JVrZo H$m_ hmoV Amho. gm_m{OH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm d§{MVAgUmè`m _wbm§Zm ImOJr emim§_Ü o àdoe {_imdm Agoo Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. _mÌ, àË`jmV àdoemMr Ho$di Mm¡H$er H$am`bm


Joboë`m H$mhr nmbH$m§Zm YwS>H$mdyZ bmdbo OmV Amho. IaoVa, oË`m e¡j{UH$ dfmªnmgyZ m KQ>H$m§_Yrb 25 Q>ŠHo$ {dÚmÏ`mªZmImgJr emim§Mr àdoeÛmao CKS>r H$amdrV Ago AmXoe _w»`_§Ìr n¥ÏdramO MìhmU `m§Zr {Xbo hmoVo. na§Vw emgZ{ZU© AOyZOmar Pmbobm Zmhr, Ago gm§JyZ àdoe ZmH$mabm OmV Amho.

Ë`mMà_mUo XþgarH$S>o {ejH$m§Mr Vã~b 34 hOma OmJm§Mr nXo [aŠV AgyZ Ë`m OmJm§À`m âVrgmR>r AÚmn H$moUVrhrH$m ©dmhr H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Zmhr. ~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V Am{U gŠVrÀ`m {ejU H$m`ÚmMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§nyU©amÁ`mV gd© {ejU A{^`mZmÀ`m A§VJ©V 34 hOma 594 àmW{_H$ {ejH$ Am{U VËg§~§YrMr nXo aÊ`m~m~VMr H$moUVrM

VaVyX AÚmn Ho$bobr Zmhr Ago {XgVo. Ë`m_wio {ejUemñÌ nX{dHo$À`m (D.Ed.) {dÚmÏ`mªMohr ZwH$gmZ hmoVo Amho.

àmW{_H$ {ejH$m§Mr nXo {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>rMr H|$Ðr` âVrnyd© {ZdS> narjm 1 _o 2010 _Ü o Pmbr hmoVr. _mÌ, Ë`mZ§VaAmO 2 df} hmoD$Zhr, hr narjm AOyZ Pmbobr Zmhr. gd© {ejU A{^`mZm§VJ©VMr hr [aŠV nX âÊ`m~m~VMr gaH$maMrAÚmn H$mhrM hmbMmb Zmhr.

nnnnn _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ hmoUma _wŠV emim _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ hmoUma _wŠV emim _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ hmoUma _wŠV emim _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ hmoUma _wŠV emim _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ hmoUma _wŠV emim

H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd åhUOo Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$ AS>MUt_wio _hm{dÚmb`rZ {ejU AÜ`m©daM gmoS>m`bm bmJboë`m{dÚmÏ`mªZm Amnbo nXdrMo {ejU nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r èd§Vamd MìhmU _wŠV {dÚmnrR> CnbãY Amho. `mM YVuda embo{ejU AY©dQ> am{hboë`m _wbm§gmR>r _wŠV emim gwê$ hmoUma AmhoV.

JwOamV Am{U Am§Y« àXoemZ§Va AmVm _hmamîQ´> gaH$maZohr oË`m e¡j{UH$ dfm©V _wŠV emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {ZU© KoVbmAmho. amÁ` {ejU _§S>imZo nmR>{dboë`m `m àñVmdmg amÁ` gaH$maZo ZwH$VmM {hadm H§${Xb XmI{dbm Amho. `m g§X^m©Vrb{df`, Aä`mgH«$_ d àdoe à{H«$`m `m§Mm Vnerb bdH$aM R>a{dÊ`mV oUma Amho. emim AÜ`m©daM gmoS>boë`m dH$moUË`mhr àH$maMm ì`dgm` qH$dm ZmoH$ar H$aUmè`m {dÚmÏ`m©g Ë`mÀ`m ZmoH$ar dm ì`dgm`mer {ZJ{S>V Aä`mgH«$_ CnbãYH$ê$Z XoÊ`mV oUma Amho. Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$ë`mZ§Va {dÚmÏ`m©g Ho$ìhmhr Am°ZbmB©Z narjm XoVm oUma Amho. Aem àH$mao _wŠVemioMo YmoaU d Aä`mgH«$_ R>adyZ mdfu _wŠV emim gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm gaH$maMm à`ËZ Amho.

nnnnn eoVrH$m_mV {dH$mg KS>dUma "hë`' eoVrH$m_mV {dH$mg KS>dUma "hë`' eoVrH$m_mV {dH$mg KS>dUma "hë`' eoVrH$m_mV {dH$mg KS>dUma "hë`' eoVrH$m_mV {dH$mg KS>dUma "hë`'

AmOÀ`m VéUm§nwT>o {ejUmMr Ho$di EH$M-EH$ n`m© , g§Yr ZgVo Va ñdV…Mm H$b AmoiIyZ, joÌ {ZdSy>Z, Ë`m joÌmerg§~§{YV H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH${dY dmQ>m CnbãY AgVmV. Ë`m_wioM dfm©Zwdf} éiboë`m dmQ>odê$Z MmbÊ`mnojm AmnbrñdV…Mr doJir Zdr dmQ> {Z_m©U H$aUmao Vê$Uhr AmO {XgVmV. EH$sH$S>o AmnU AmO {ejUmMm Cn`moJ naH$s`m§ZmMH$ê$Z XoUmar AmOMr VéU {nT>r Ago åhUV Agbmo Var XoemgmR>r, AJXr XoemVrb J«m_rU OZVoÀ`m g_ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mgVËna AgUmao, PQ>Umao VéUhr AmT>iËm AmhoV. `mMoM EH$ CÎm_ CXmhaU åhUOo nwÊ`mÀ`m "B§{S>`Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$gm`Ýg EÁ wHo$eZ A°ÊS> [agM©' _Ü o {eH$Umam à{UVqgh _wb_aoÈ>r hm {dÚmWu hmo . à{UVqgh eoVH$è`m§gmR>r Iyn_hÎdmMo H$m_ H$aV Amho. eoVr H$aUo, {nH$dbobm _mb ~mOmanoR>oV `mo½` ^mdmV {dH$bm OmUo, CËnmXZmV gwYmaUm H$aUoBË`mXr g§X^m©V eoVH$è`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©ZmMr JaO AgVo Vr à{UVqgh Ë`mÀ`m "hë`' `m ñd §godr g§ñWoÛmao H$aVmo.

à{UVqgh N>ÎmrgJS> oWrb X§VodmS>m {Oëhçm_Ü o eoVH$è`m§gmR>r H$m_ H$aVmo Amho. X§VodmS>m {OëhçmVrb gmjaVoMo à_mUA{Ve` H$_r Amho. oWrb bmoH$ g§nyU©nUo eoVrda Adb§~yZ AmhoV. Ë`m_wio eoVrÀ`m g§X^m©V oUmè`m AS>MUr Xÿa Ho$ë`mVa `m bmoH$m§Mo OrdZ_mZ gwYmaUo eŠ` hmoB©b, Ago à{UVqghbm dmQ>Vo. Ë`mH$[aVm à{UVqgh oWrb eoVH$è`m§Zm eoVrÀ`mAmYw{ZH$ nÕVr H$moUË`m AmhoV, Ë`m H$emàH$mao A§_bmV AmUy eH$Vmo, eoV_mbmMm XOm© H$gm gwYmaVm oB©b Am{U Ë`mbmCÎm_ ~mOmanoR> H$er {_idm`Mr `m gJiçm§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z hr g§ñWm H$aVo. eoVr H$aUo Am{U Ë`mda Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~mMm


CXa{Zdm©h H$aUo eoVH$è`mgmR>r {Xdg|{Xdg H$R>rU hmoV Amho. ~è`mMem J«m_rU mJmVyZ Amnbr {nT>rOmV eoV O_rZ gmoSy>ZVéUdJ© eham§H$S>o Ymd KoVmo Am{U {_iob Vmo amoOJma H$am`bm V`ma hmoVmo Ago {XgVo Amho. _mÌ eoVrVrb g_ñ`m Xÿa H$ê$ZA{YH$m{YH$ CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mMo V§Ì Oa eoVH$è`mg C_Jbo Va ho {MÌ nmbQ>ob. à{UVqgh eoVH$è`m§gmR>r Zo_Ho$ hoM _hÎdmMoH$m_ H$aVmo Amho. S>m°. H$b~mJ m§À`m nm~i oWrb {dkmZ Aml_mÀ`m _XVrZo X§VodmS>m oWrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Vmo àJV eoVrMràmË`m{jHo$ XoV Amho. J«m_rU mJmVrb OZVoÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r à{UVqghZo CMbbobo ho nmD$b VéUm§nwT>o {ZpíMVM {XemXe©H$Amho.

nnnnn EgQ>r _hm_§S>imV\}$ {dÚmWvZrgmR>r Img `moOZm EgQ>r _hm_§S>imV\}$ {dÚmWvZrgmR>r Img `moOZm EgQ>r _hm_§S>imV\}$ {dÚmWvZrgmR>r Img `moOZm EgQ>r _hm_§S>imV\}$ {dÚmWvZrgmR>r Img `moOZm EgQ>r _hm_§S>imV\}$ {dÚmWvZrgmR>r Img `moOZm

_wbtZr {ejU ¿`mdo d {ejU nyU© H$ê$Z ñdmdb§~r ìhmdo `mH$aVm AZoH${dY `moOZm A§_bmV AmUë`m OmVmV. emgZmV\}$am~{dë`m OmUmè`m `m {d{dY `moOZm§_wio J«m_rU ^mJmVrb _wbtZm {eH$Ê`mgmR>r {ZpíMVM àoaH$ dmVmdaU {_iy eH$Vo.

amÁ` gaH$maÀ`m EgQ>r _hm_§S>imH$Sy>Z `m embo dfm©À`m gwadmVrg AerM EH$ Cn wŠV gw{dYm J«m_rU ^mJmVrb{dÚmWuZtgmR>r CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr OmV Amho. _mZd [dH$mg `moOZoA§VJ©V EgQ>rV\}$ emioV OmUmè`m _wbtZm KamnmgyZemion ªV _mo\$V ~ggodm CnbãY hmoUma Amho. hr moOZm oË`m e¡j{UH$ dfmªnmgyZ gwê$ hmoV AgyZ 22 {OëhçmVrb 125VmbwŠ`m§_Ü o Vr nwa{dbr OmUma Amho. Img bmb a§JmÀ`m JmS>çm ~ZdyZ Ë`m Ho$di `mM H$m_mH$[aVm dmnaë`m OmUmaAmhoV.

J«m_rU, XþJ©_ ^mJm§V amhUmè`m {dÚmWuZtZm ~è`mMXm emioV nmohMUoM AdKS> hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r `m `moOZoZo ZŠH$sM\$m`Xm hmoB©b. ~mamdr n ªV {ejU KoUmè`m {dÚmWuZr `m `moOZoMm bm^ KoD$ eH$Vrb. `m EgQ>rÀ`m Img JmS>çmH$emàH$mao o-Om H$aUma, Ë`m§À`m doim H$em AgVrb BË`mXr ~m~V {Oëhm{YH$mar Or g{_Vr Zo_Uma AmhoV, Ë`mg{_VrV {ZU© KoVbo OmVrb. _wbtÀ`m {ejUmVrb JiVr amoIÊ`mgmR>r `m AZoH$ Cnm`m§Mm {dMma hmoVmo, Ë`mVrb hm EH$gH$mamË_H$ Cnm`H$ EgQ>r_hm_§S>imV\}$ am~dbm OmV Amho.

nnnnn embo` {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _¡ÌrMm AmYma embo` {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _¡ÌrMm AmYma embo` {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _¡ÌrMm AmYma embo` {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _¡ÌrMm AmYma embo` {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _¡ÌrMm AmYma

_wbm§À`m dmT>rMo d {dH$mgmMo Q>ßno nma H$aVmZm Ë`m§Zm Ë`m-Ë`m Q>ßß`m§da hmoUmè`m ~Xbm§gmR>r V`ma Ho$bo Va nwT>rb H$mimVH$moUË`mhr AS>MUtZm gm_moao OmVmZm _wbo I§~ra ~ZVmV. {deofV… nm¡J§S>mdñWoVrb _wbm-_wbt_Ü o Ë`m§À`mhr ZH$iVemar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$ ~Xb hmoV AgVmV. `m ~Xbm§_wio ~è`mMXm _wbo {MS>{MS> H$aVmV, Ë`m§À`m _Zmda AZmH$bZr` VmUOmUdVmo, ApñWaVm oVo. `m _mZ{gH$ ~Xbm§Mm {ejUmda n[aUm_ hmoVmo. AmOÀ`m e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaUmgmR>r Iyn ~XbPmbo AmhoV; hmoV AmhoV. dmT>Vr ñnYm©, OmñVrV OmñV JwU {_idÊ`mMm VmU, ZdZdrZ {df` g_OyZ KoÊ`mMm VmUBË`mXr JmoîQ>t_wio embo {dÚmÏ`mªMm AmË_{dídmg H$_r hmoUo, gVV _mZ{gH$ X~mdmImbr amhÿZ Z¡amí`mÀ`m Amhmar OmUo`mgma»`m e¡j{UH$ d gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m§_Ü o dmT> hmoV Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ì`pŠV_Îdmda `mMm Imobda n[aUm_ hmoVmo.

{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m, {deofV… [H$emoad`rZ _wbm_wbtÀ`m `m gd© g_ñ`m§da {dMma H$ê$ZM oË`m e¡j{UH$ dfmªnmgyZ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m~amo~a AgUma Amho "{_Ì' (_mB§S> BZ Q´>oqZJ \$m°a amBQ> AZoAaZog) hm CnH«$_. g§nyU© amÁ`âmVyZ hm CnH«$_ am~{dbmOmUma Amho. nm¡J§S>mdñWoVrb _wbm-_wbt_Ü o H$go ~Xb KS>VmV, Ë`m§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm H$er AgVo, Ë`m§Zm H$moUË`m JmoîQ>tMoVmUVUmd AgVmV BË`mXr ~m~VMm _mZgemñÌr` ÑpîQ>H$moZmVyZ Aä`mg H$ê$Z _J hm CnH«$_ H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$bm OmB©b.oË`m Am°JñQ> _{hÝ`m§n ªV 20 bmI {dÚmÏ`mªn ªV hm CnH«$_ nmoMdm`Mm Agm {eúmU {d^mJmMm _mZg Amho.

nnnnn


J«m__§Jb dmVm©

{dH$mgKao qH$dm {dH$mgdmS>çm hm J«m__§JbMm

emimnyaH$ àH$ën Amho. `m àH$ënmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ

J«m__§JbZo R>mUo {OëømVrb S>hmUy VmbwŠ`mVrb EoZm

`m JmdmV d n[agamVrb dmS>çm§da A{Xdmgr _wbm§gmR>r

hm àH$ën hmVr KoVbm Amho. embo {dÚmÏ`m©Mr JwUdÎmm

dmT>dUo Am{U Ë`m§Zm aMZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVwZ H¥$Vr wº$

{ejUmbm dmd XoUo `m C{Ôï>mVyZ gmH$maboë`m

'{dH$mgKa" `m g§H$ënZoMr ì`már AmVm eham§§_Ü o

dmT>V Amho. nwÊ`mV gÜ`m kmZàH$me \$m°D§$S>oeZÀ`m

dVrZo -3,nmMJUr oWo- 4 Am{U H$më`m©V lr d„r

Q´>ñQ>À`m dVrZo -1 Aer {dH$mgKao gwê$ Pmbr AmhoV.

Jmd nmVirdarb {Oëhm n[afX Am{U

ehamVrb dñVr nmVirda MmbUmè`m _hmZJanm{bH$m,

ZJanm{bH$m§À`m emim§gmR>r hm emimnyaH$ CnH«$_

am~{dbm OmVmo. H$maU m emim§_Ü o OmUmè`m _wbm§Zm

emioV d KamV nmofH$ e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU {_iV Zmhr,

{ejUmÀ`m JwUdÎmoMm oWrb Zoh_rM àíZm§{H$V {df`

AgVmo. Ë`m_wio Aem {R>H$mUrM hr {dH$mgKao

J«m__§JbÀ`mdVrZo à{e{jV {ejH$m§À`m dVrZo

Mmb{dbr OmVmV, Ë`mM dñVrV amhUmè`m, {ejUmMr

AmdS> AgUmè`m Vê$U _§S>irZm J«m__§JbÀ`m

aMZmË_H$ {ejU nÜXVrMo à{ejU {Xbo OmVo Am{U

emioÀ`m doio{edm` Ë`m dñVrV hr {dH$mgKao Mmb{dbr

OmVmV. ~hþloUr d ~hþdµJ© AÜ`mnZ nÜXVrMm {dH$mgKa

CËH¥$ï> Z_wZm Amho.

e{Zdma ,{X.16 OyZbm H$mbm© `m JmdmV

lrd„r Q´>ñQ>À`m dVrZo ZdrZ {dH$mgKamMo CÓmQ>>Z

Pmbo. lr d„r Q´>ñQ>, Q>mQ>m _moQ>g©_Yrb emim

ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm AZw^d AgUmar _§S>ir Am{U

J«m__§JbÀçm g§ yº$ {dÚ_mZo m {dH$mgKamMr gwadmV

H$aÊ`mV Ambr. lr _Zmoha nmaiH$a, lr {ddoH$

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lr {MÌmnya _R>mMo _R>m{YnVr e§H$aml_ ñdm_r m§À`m

H$ï>mVyZ Am{U JmdmVrb _wbm§Zm JwUdÎmm{Yð>rV {ejU

{_imdo `m Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oVwZ ho {dH$mgKa gmH$mabo

Amho.

Á`m§Zm {ejUjoÌmVrb JwUdÎmo~Ôb AmñWm

Amho Aem ì`º$sZo J«m__§JbÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo Aer

{dH$mgKao JmdmJmdmV {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$VmV.

nnnnn


àmMrZ H$mimVrb ^maVmMr {ejUjoÌmVrb

àJVr {dñ_`H$maH$ hmoVr. {deofV… Vjerbm Am{U

Zmb§Xm m {dÚmnrR>m§Mm A{V_moR>m {dñVma Pmbm hmoVm.

gÜ`mÀ`m nm{H$ñVmZmV Bñbm_m~mXnmgyZ ~ËVrg

{H$bmo_rQ>a A§Vamda noemdaÀ`m añË`mda Eo{Vhm{gH$

Vjerbm eha dgbo hmoVo. am_mÙ H$mbrZ âVmMm

nwÌ Vj `mMo Zmd XoD$Z âVmZoM ho Vjerbm eha

dg{dbo Ago åhUVmV. nwT>o Am`mªZr m àXoem§V Jm§Yma

amÁ` dg{dbo. nmMì`m eVH$mV `m àXoemda hþUm§Zr

AmH«$_U H$ê$Z {VWo Amnbo amÁ` àñWm{nV Ho$bo.

Ë`m H$mimV {VWo EImXr nmR>emim qH$dm {dÚmb`

ZìhVo. Á`mbm Á`m {df`mMr AmdS> Agob Ë`m

{df`mÀ`m {ZîUmV JwéH$S>o OmD$Z {eH$mdo, JwéH$S>oM

{dÚmÏ`m©Zo amhÿZ {dÚmO©Z H$amdo Aer nÕV hmoVr.

Vjerbm oWo B. g. nyd©. 694 _Ü o "Vjerbm

{dÚmnrR>mMr' ñWmnZm Pmbr. _m¡`© KamÊ`mÀ`m

H$ma{H$XuV d Z§Va Hw$fmU amOm H${ZîH$ Ë`mÀ`m

H$ma{H$XuV `m {dÚmnrR>mg amOml` {_iyZ _moR>r

ââmQ> Pmbr. Vjerbm {dÚmnrR>mV àW_ \$ŠV

d¡{XH$ Y_©{ejU {Xbo OmB©. Z§Va nwT>o g§ñH¥$V ^mfm d

ì`mH$aU, J{UV, eara {dkmZ, wÕH$bm, YZw{d©Úm,

g§JrV, Á`mo{Vf dJ¡ao AR>am {df`m§Mo {ejU {Xbo

OmV hmoVo. {dÚmÏ`mªZm OodUImU, Am¡fYo _mo\$V

{ejUdoY_YyZ gÚH$mbrZ {ejU à{H«$ o~Ôb AmnU

d¡Mm[aH$ MMm© KS>dyZ AmUVM AmhmoV. na§Vw àmMrZ

H$mimV Á`mdoir Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU nÕVrMm Ama§

Pmbm. Ë`mdoiMr {ejUnÕVr H$er hmoVr ho

gm§JUmar, _Zmoa§OH$ nU ~moYàX Aer hr

boI_mbm...àmMrZ ^maVmVrb

{dÚmnrR>o

gw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrg

{ejU Ama§


hmoVr. MrZ, OnmZ, _bm`m, J«rg, amo_ dJ¡ao XoemVyZ

{dÚmWu `m {dÚmnrR>mV {ejUmgmR>r oV AgV. BWyZ

{ejU KoD$Z ~mhoa nS>bobo ~aoM {dÚmWu Ë`m§Zr Z§Va

Ho$boë`m H$m_{Jar_wio ~aoM à{gÕ Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$s

{dîUwJwá AWm©V H$m¡{Q>ë` AWm©V MmUŠ` gd©lwV Amho.

MmUŠ`mZo {b{hbobm AW©emñÌ hm J«§W n§Yam nwñVH$m§Mm

{_iyZ Pmbobm Amho. AW©emñÌm~amo~aM amÁèmñÌmMohr

Ë`mV {ddoMZ Amho. M§ÐJwá _m¡ © `m g_«mQ>mMm àW_

Vmo gëbmJma hmoVm Vmo Z§Va _w»` àYmZhr Pmbm.

MaH$ hm Am`wd}XemñÌmMm OZH$ hmoVm d Ë`mZo

MaH$g§{hVm hm Am wd}Xmdarb J«§W {b{hbm. OrdZ hm

Ë`m H$mimVbm à{gÕ d¡Ú hmoVm. Vmo ZmS>r narjm

H$ê$Z AmOmamMo {ZXmZ H$aÊ`mV VÁk hmoVm. Jm¡V_

~wÕmMm S>m°ŠQ>a åhUyZhr Vmo Z§Va à{gÕ Pmbm. nm{UZr

hm g§ñH¥$V^mfm d ì`mH$aUmMm _moR>m n§{S>V hmoD$Z

Jobm. AboŠPm§S>aZo m {dÚmnrR>mVbo H$mhr VÁk n§{S>V

J«rgbm {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dbo hmoVo.

hÿU nwT>mar Vmoa_mU `mZo BgdrgZ 502

_Ü o ho {dÚmnrR> ZîQ> Ho$bo. Aem [aVrZo ho {dÚmnrR>

~mameo df} gVV kmZXmZmMo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo.

AmO{_Vrbm BVH$m _moR>m H$mi {ejUjoÌmV H$m ©

H$aUmar g§ñWm Vjerbm {dÚmnrR>mIoarO Xþgar Zmhr.

BVa XoemVrb {dÚmnrR>m§n¡H$s Am°Šg\$S>© {dÚmnrR>mMr

ñWmnZm 1167 Pmbr, n°arg {dÚmnrR>mMr 1210

gmbr Va H|$~«rO {dÚmnrR>mMr ñWmnZm 1231 gmbr

Pmbr.

gm¡amîQ´>mV dëb^r ho {dÚmnrR> amOm Yw«dgoZ

`mZo B. g. 480 _Ü o ñWmnZ Ho$bo. ghm hOma

{dÚmWu oWo {eH$V AgV. gwadmVrbm àm_w»`mZo ~m¡ÕY_©

{df`H$ {ejU oWo {Xbo OmB©. nwT>o oWo {Za{Zamio

~hmÎma {df` {eH${dbo OmV. ~m¡Õ VËËdkmZmMm g§~§Yr

BWo AZoH$ _hËËdmMo {ZU© KoVbo Jobo. B. g. 775

_Ü o ho {dÚmnrR> ZîQ> Pmbo.

Zmb§XmÀ`m eoOmar B. g. 800 _Ü o Y_©nmb

`m amOmZo {dH«$_erbm ho {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZ Ho$bo. J§JoÀ`m

H$mR>mdaM dgboë`m `m {dÚmnrR>mbm IMm©gmR>r Jwá

KamÊ`mVë`m amOm§Zr XmoZeo nÞmg Jmd| BZm_ åhUyZ

bmdyZ {Xbr hmoVr. `m {dÚmnrR>mV àW_ ~m¡ÕY_©

{ejUmbm àmYmÝ` hmoVo. Z§Va Ý`mèmñÌ, VËËdkmZ,

g§ñH¥$V ì`mH$aU, IJmobemñÌ ho {df` {eH$dbo OmV.

VrZ hOma {dÚmWu {eH$Vrb EdT>r `m {dÚmnrR>mMr

j_Vm hmoVr. òWo gmVeo àmÜ`mnH$ AgV. gd©

Aä`mgH«$_ nyU© Ho$ë`mZ§Va {dÚmÏ`m©g "n§{S>V' hr

nXdr XoÊ`mV òB©. òWrb A{Vf `m àmMm`mªZr

{dÚmnrR>mMr $H$sVu IynM dmT>{dbr. {ejU KoD$Z

V`ma Pmboë`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm {demb ^maVmV ~m¡Õ

Y_©àMmamgmR>r nmR>drV. gZ 1203 _Ü o ~IË`ma

IbOr `m AmH«$_H$mZo `m {dÚmnrR>mMm {dÜd§g H$ê$Z

gd© àmÜ`mnH$ d {dÚmÏ`mªZm R>ma _mabo. Aem VèhoZo

{dH«$_erbm ho {dÚmnrR> B. g. 800 Vo 1203 Ago

Mmaeo df} H$m ©aV hmoVo.

nnnnn

{dÚmnrR>r` {ejU ho gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adV©ZmMo \$ma

_moR>o gmYZ Pmbo nm{hOo. VaM Vo XoemÀ`m d amÁ`mÀ`m {dH$mgmÀ`m H$m`m©V, ZdrZ

e¡j{UH$ YmoaUmV åhQ>ë`mà_mUo "_Ü`dVu _§Mm'da (Centre Stage) oD$ eHo$b.



H$bm{ejUmMr JaO

AnUm© Hw$bH$UuAnUm© Hw$bH$UuAnUm© Hw$bH$UuAnUm© Hw$bH$UuAnUm© Hw$bH$Uu

H$bm {ejUmMr Vm|S> AmoiI"H$bobm' OrdZmV AË §V _hËËdmMo ñWmZ Amho.

H$bm hr OrdZmÀ`m àË oH$ A§Jmbm ñne© H$aUmar

d nyU©ËdmH$S>o ZoUmar à{H«$`m Amho. OrdZmH$S>o

nmhÊ`mMm EH$ ZdrZ Ñ{ï>H$moZ H$bo_wio àmá hmoVmo.

àË oH$ _mZd hm d¡{eîQ>çnyU© AgyZ Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr

g¥OZerbVm Amho hmM gd© H$bm§Mm _yb yV {gÕm§V

Amho. Zd{Z{_©Vr d gm ¢X`m }nmgZm `m_wio

ì`ŠVrOrdZmbm {Xì`Ëd àmá hmoVo. H$boÀ`m

d¡{eîQ>çm§gh H$bm{ejUmMo _hÎd gm§JUmao H$bm

{ejUmMr Vm|S>AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUmao Zdo gXa.

H$bm{ejU _wbm§Zm H$m Xçm`Mo, Ë`mMo _hÎd

H$m`, ho g_OyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ AmhoM, nU VËnydu

_wimV ì`ŠVrÀ`m Am wî`mV {d{dY H$bm§Zm H$m` ñWmZ

Amho, H$boMr {Z{_©Vr Am{U H$boMm AmñdmX _mUgmÀ`m

OJÊ`mV H$m` OmXÿ H$aVo ho OmUyZ KoUo {VVHo$M

Amdí`H$ Amho.

AmnU Zoh_r åhUVmo H$s, _mUyg hm àmUr

BVa àmUr_mÌm§V doJim Am{U ^m½`dmZ Amho H$maU

Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o _|Xÿ Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo gJiçmV _hÎdmMo

åhUOo Vmo H$bm{Z{_©Vr H$aVmo, H$boMm AmñdmX KoVmo.

hr XoUJr A{Ve` _m¡ë`dmZ Amho. _Z Am{U _|Xÿ

`m§Mm g_Ýd` gmYyZ H$boÛmao A{^ì`ŠV hmoÊ`mMr

g§Yr _mZdmbm {_iVo ho Iyn _hÎdnyU© Amho. Aë~Q>©

AmB©ZñQ>mB©ZZo H$bm§Mo _hÎd gm§JVmZm åhQ>bo Amho

H$s, "kmZmnojm H$ënZmeŠVr' à{V^m AË §V _hÎdmMr

Amho. H$maU kmZmbm _`m©Xm nS>VmV nU à{V obm

Zmhr. à{V^m g§nyU© OJmbm Amnë`m H$doV KoÊ`mMo

gm_Ï © ~miJVo, EH$m$ CÎm_ {ejU à{H«$ og Vr OÝ_

XoVo. Amnbo {dMma, Amnë`m mdZm ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r

{d{dY H$bm§Mr {Z{_©Vr _mUyg H$aVmo. H$boÀ`m {Z{_©VrV

Am{U AmñdmX KoÊ`mV ñdV…Mo {dMma ñdV…À`m nÕVrZo

g_moaÀ`mn`ªV nmoMdÊ`mMr j_Vm XS>bobr AgVo.

H$bmH$mambm Ë`mÀ`m H$bmH¥$VrVyZ Oo Úm`Mo Vo Vmo

Ë`mÀ`m nÕVrZo, Ë`mMr gO©ZerbVm dmnê$Z nmoMdVmo

Am{U ~KUmam Ë`mVyZ AmZ§X, gO©ZerbVoVrb VmoM

XOm© AZw dVmo. gO©ZerbVoMm hm CËgd _mUgmbm

OJÊ`mMr C_oX XoVmo, VmOoVdmZo R>oD$ eH$Vmo.

âV_wZtZr EH$m íbmoH$mV H$boMo _hÎd

gm§JVmZm åhQ>bo Amho H$s "_mUgmÀ`m OJÊ`mV H$boMm

gh^mJ Zgob Va _mUyg Ho$di eonyQ> Zgbobm EH$

neyM ~ZyZ amhrb'. H$moUË`mhr H$boMm g_mdoe Zmhr

Aem OJmMr H$ënZm H$aUo AeŠ` Amho Ago bjmV

oVo. OmJ{VH$ ^mfm åhUOo H$bm Amho, Vr OmUyZ

KoÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr AQ> Zmhr. Zm OmVrMr,

Zm amîQ´>r`ËdmMr, d§emMr, Zm Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$

ñVamMr. H$moUrhr ì`ŠVr H$boMm AmñdmX ¿`m`bm

_wŠV Amho. a§J, aofm, AmH$ma, b`, ñda, Vmb,

`m§À`m AZw dmZo _Z Cëhm{gV hmoVo, Vo gmH$maUmam

Am{U AZw d KoUmam XmoKm§Zmhr _Z em§V H$aUmam,

àgÞVm XoUmam AZw d àmá hmoVmo. EdT>oM Zìho Va,

Cƒ {dMma, Cƒ A{^éMrMr OmonmgZm H$bm§Mm g_mdoe

Am`wî`mV AgÊ`mZo hmoVmo. n¡gm, à{gÕr, ~jrg


`mnojmhr {Z{_©Vrj_VoVbm AmZ§X AdU©Zr` Amho.

_ZmVbo AmH$ma, a§J H$mJXmda CVadVmZm hmoUmè`m

AmZ§XmMr VwbZm H$moUË`mM JmoîQ>rer hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr.

AmO AZoH$ g§emoYZm§_YyZ g§JrV, {MÌH$bm, Z¥Ë`

BË`mXr H$bm§Mm _mUgmÀ`m _Zmda hmoUmè`m gH$mamË_H$

n[aUm_m§Mm Aä`mg Pmbobm Amho.

g§JrVmÀ`m ñdam§Mr VmH$X AmO d¡ÚH$emñÌmZohr

_mÝ` Ho$br Amho. XdmImÝ`mV g§JrV bmdUo, CÎm_moÎm_

{MÌo q^Vrda AgUo, XdmImÝ`mVrb AmOmar ì`ŠVtÀ`m

_Zmbm C^mar XoVo. Am¡fYm~amo~aM `m JmoîQ>r AmOma

nidyZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r _mobmMo ghH$m`© H$aVmV ho

g§emoYZmA§Vr {gÕ Pmbo Amho. A_o[aHo$Vrb EH$m

g§emoYZmV èhXàmoJ AgUmè`m H$mhr ì`ŠVtZm

hñVH$boÀ`m H$m_mV gh^mJr H$ê$Z KoVbo, {d{dY

hñVì`dgm`mÀ`m AmH$f©H$ dñVy ~Zdm`bm Ë`m§Zm

{eH$dbo Am{U Z§Va Ë`m§Mr d¡ÚH$s` VnmgUr Ho$br.

Ë`mdoir Ago AmT>ibo H$s, Ë`m§À`m aŠVXm~mVrb dmT>

H$_r hmoD$Z èhX`mMo H$m © 60 Q>ŠHo$ nojm A{YH$

H$m ©j_ Pmbo Amho. H$moUË`mhr H$boVrb gh^mJ,

ñdV…À`m hmVmZo Ho$bobo H$bmË_H$ H$m_ _Zmdarb VmU

hbH$m H$aVo, {Zamem Xÿa H$aVo, _ZmÀ`m OI_m ê$Z

H$mT>Vo Ago AmT>iVo. Ë`m_wio a§J, ñda, b`, Vmb

{da{hV Am wî`mMr H$ënZm Z Ho$bobrM ~ar! EHy$UM

Amnë`m Am wî`mV `m Ñí` H$bm§Mm gh^mJ {H$Vr

Amdí`H$ Amho ho bjmV oVo. ho gJio g_OyZ KoVmZm

dma§dma EH$ {dMma _ZmV oVmo H$s, _J {ejUmV

H$bm§Mm {dMma BVH$m Xþb©{jV H$m? H$bm{ejUmMm

Jm§ r`m©Zo {dMma gwé ìhm`bm Amnë`mbm BVH$m XrK©

àdmg H$m H$am`bm bmJbm? H$bm{ejUmMm àm§V Vgm

nydunmgyZ ~mOybmM nS>bobm. embo dmVmdaUmV BVa

{df`m§À`m _mZmZo H$_r _hÎd Agbobm {df` åhUyZ

Ë`mH$S>o nm{hbo Jobo. Ia§Va H$bm{ejUmMm AmYma

KoV BVa {df`m§H$S>o dië`mg _wbm§Mo g§nmXZ CÎm_

hmoVo ho AmO {gÕ Pmbo Amho.

H$bm§Mo {ejU H$m Úm`Mo, _wbm§À`m EHy$U

{ejUmV H$bm{ejUmMr y{_H$m H$m` `m gJiçmMr

CÎmao emoYm`Mr Va AmYr _yb {eH$V§ H$g§, Ë`mMr

dmT>, {dH$mg H$gm hmoVo ho g_OyZ ¿`m`bm hdo. bhmZ

_yb OÝ_mZ§Va Amnë`m AmgnmgÀ`m dmVmdaUmVyZ

Ag§»` JmoîQ>r {Q>nV AgVo. AJXr VmÝh§ ~mi ImobrVbo

a§J, {IS>H$sVyZ oUmam CÝhmMm H$dS>gm, nmiÊ`mda

Q>m§Jbob§ a§Jm§Zr gObob§ IoiU§, AmB©À`m AmdmOmVrb

JmU§, ~mhoê$Z oUmam njm§Mm AmdmO BË`mXr EH$ Zm

AZoH$ AmOy~mOyMo AZw^d{díd ñdV…V gm_mdyZ

KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMr n§M|{Ð o AmVwa AgVmV. AJXr

N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm JmoîQ>rVyZ Vo {eH$V AgVo. EdT>çmem

d`mV a§J H$iVmV, AmH$ma AmdS>VmV, AmdmO

AmoiIVmV, XmoZ ñdam§_Ybm \$aH$ AmoiIVmV,

Mohè`mdaMo hmd^md {Q>nVmV ho gJi§ H$moUrhr Z

{eH$dVm, Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m KS>V OmVo. _wbm§Mr emar[aH$

dmT> Am{U {dH$mg OgOgm hmoV OmVmo Vem H$mhr

JmoîQ>r Vo AmnmoAmn {eH$Vo. AmOy~mOybm, KamV ~mobbr

OmUmar ^mfm _yb {ZgJ©V…M AmË_gmV H$aVo. _mÌ,

^mfm AdJV H$aVmZm bhmZ _yb Amnë`m ^mdZm,

_ZmVrb Am§XmobZo bJoM ~mobyZ ì`ŠV H$aV Zmhr.

Va eãXm§nojm Ë`m§Zm aofm, a§J, AmH$ma `m§Mr _¡Ìr

A{YH$ gwImdVo d gmo rñH$a AgVo.

bhmZ _wbm§Zm Amnë`m mdZm ì`ŠV H$am`bm

H$boMo _mÜ`_ A{YH$ OdiMo dmQ>Vo Am{U Vo AË §V

Z¡g{J©H$ Amho. _yb Amnë`m {MÌmVyZ ì`ŠV hmoVo,

Ë`mMo åhUUo _m§S>V AgVo. \$ŠV ~KUmè`mMr ZOa

Am{U ÑpîQ>H$moZ V`ma hdm BVHo$M. _wimV H$moUVrhr

JmoîQ> {eH$Uo; AZw d KoUo hrM EH$ {dH$mgmË_H$

JmoîQ> Amho, hm {dH$mg doJdoJiçm dmQ>m§Zr hmoV AgVmo

ho bjmV KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {OVHo$ OmñV AZw d

~mbd`mV CnbãY hmoVrb VodT>o nwT>Mo {ejU Am{U


{dH$mg CÎm_ hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio ~mbd`mVrb H$bmZw d

d H$bm{ejUmMr y{_H$m Iyn _hÎdmMr Amho.

bhmZ _wbm§À`m {ejUmMm {dMma H$aVmZm mo½`

H$bm{ejUmMo {Z`moOZ Oa H$aVm Ambo Va Ë`mMm

n[aUm_ Ë`m§À`m gd©VmonarZo hmoUmè`m {dH$mgmer {ZJ{S>V

AgVmo d g§nyU© nwT>À`m Am wî`mV g§nÞVm XoUmam

AgVmo. AmO _|Xÿg§~§YrV g§emoYZm§_YyZ {ejUm{df`r

ZdZdr J¥{hVHo$, Zdo {ZîH$f© g_moa oV AmhoV. _yb

g_OmdyZ KoVmZm `m _m{hVrMm Iyn \$m`Xm hmoVmo.

H$bm{ejUm{df`r _|Xÿ g§emoYZmVyZ H$mhr _hÎdmMr

_m{hVr Amnë`mbm {_iVo. bhmZ _wbm§À`m Zì`m

g§H$ënZm V`ma hmoÊ`m_Ümo H$bm§Mm Ë`m§Zm {_iUmam

AZw d JaOoMm Amho. {ZarjUmVyZ _wbm§À`m _Zm_Ü o

gmVË`mZo ZdZdo H$mhr C_Q>V AgVo Am{U ~mbd`mV

Ë`mbm dmQ> H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r àË oH$ _yb q^Vr§da,

H$mJXmda H$mhrVar {Ja{JQ>V AgVo. nmãbmo {nH$mgmo

åhUVmo, "àË oH$ _yb ho H$bmH$maM AgVo, àíZ \$ŠV

hm Amho H$s Ooìhm AmnU _moR>o hmoVo Voìhm Amnë`mVbm

H$bmH$ma {Q>Hy$Z amhVmo H$m?'

`m d`mVrb _wbm§Mo ^m{fH$ g§àofU _`m©{XV

Agbo Var A{^ì`ŠV hmoÊ`mMr C_u O~aXñV AgVo.

"_bm AmVm H$m` dmQ>Vo Amho, ho aofm§À`m, a§Jm§À`m

_mÜ`_mVyZ _wbo CÎm_àH$mao gm§JVmV' Imbrb {MÌmV

"amJmdbobm \w$Jm, "amJmdbobm \w$Jm, "amJmdbobm \w$Jm, "amJmdbobm \w$Jm, "amJmdbobm \w$Jm, ho EH$m Mma dfm©À`m _wbrZo H$mT>bobo

{MÌ {VÀ`m _ZmVrb Ë`mdoiÀ`m ^mdZm AMyH$nUo

ì`ŠV H$aVo. _wbm§À`m g_moa Oo _mÜ`_ AgVo Ë`mVyZ

Vo ì`ŠV hmoÊ`mMm _mJ© emoYVo. H$moUr _mVrH$m_mV

a_Vmo Va H$moUr Z¥Ë`mV, H$moUr JmÊ`mÀ`m ñdam§_Ü o

Va H$moUr a§Jaofm§_Ü o. `m gJiçmMm ~mb{dH$mgmV

Iyn _hÎdmMm gh^mJ Amho.

_|Xÿ g§emoYZmVrb H$bm{ejU {df`H$ H$mhr

JmoîQ>r Iyn _hÎdmMr {dYmZo _m§S>VmV. Ogo, _wbm§_Ü o

H$bm {ejUmVyZ CÎm_ g_ñ`m {ZamH$aU H$m¡eë` d¥Õr,

{M{H$ËgH$ d Vm{H©$H$ {dMma j_VoV dmT>, g§dXoZerbVm,

embo ñVamdarb AÝ` {df`m§_Yrb CÎm_ g§nmXZ

BË`mXr JmoîQ>r gmÜ` H$aVm oVmV. _wbm§Zm g§JrVmMo

CÎm_ {ejU {Xbo AgVm _|XÿÀ`m H$m ©j_VoV dmT>

hmoVo, {deofV… dmÚ {eH$ë`mg _wbm§Mr J«hUeŠVr

gwYmaVo, dmMÊ`mMr {H«$`m gwYmaVo, {Z{_©Vrj_VoV dmT>

hmoVo.

EHy$UM g§JrV, Z¥Ë`, ZmQ>ç, {MÌH$bm `m

gmXarH$aUmÀ`m H$bm AmhoV, b{bV H$bm AmhoV. m


H$bm§Mr {Z{_©Vr àW_ "ñdmÝVgwIm`' AgVo, H$maU

"_bm H$m` dmQ>Vo, _bm H$m` mdVo...' Aem {dMmam§VyZ

CJ_ nmdVo d Vo VgoM hdo. AÝ`Wm AmO H$mhrdoim

H$bmH$ma Amnbr H$bm{Z{_©Vr Xþgè`m§gmR>r A{YH$ Am{U

ñdV…gmR>r H$_r, AË`ën H$aVmZm {XgVmV.

ñdV…gmR>r, ñdV…À`m AZw^dmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbobr

H$bmH¥$Vr Z§Va ~KUmè`mbm qH$dm EoH$Umè`mbm

AmZ§XXm`H$ R>aV AgVo. à{gÕ {MÌH$ma pìhÝgoÝQ>

ìhoZ Jm°J qH$dm {nH$mgmo m§Mr {MÌo Amnë`m H$miOmbm

hmV KmbVmV H$maU Vr Ë`m§À`m OJÊ`mMm mJ hmoVr,

H$moUË`mhr hoVy{edm` {Z_m©U Pmbobr. Ë`m_wio embo

ñVamdarb H$bm-{ejUmMm {dMma H$aVmZm _wbm§À`m

_ZmMm, Ë`m§À`m AmdS>rMm Am{U d`mMm {dMma H$ê$Z

Ë`m§Zm _wŠVnUo H$bmZw d bwQ>Ê`mMr g§Yr {_im`bm

hdr.

AmOMo embo dmVmdaU nmhVm {dÚmÏ`mªZm

~mhç Am{U A§VJ©V VmU dmT>V AmhoV Ago {XgVo.

emioVrb {df`m§Mr dmT>Vr g§»`m d dmT>bobm Aä`mg,

JwUm§gmR>r Agbobr ñnYm©, JVr_mZ Am wî`, ~mhç

àbmo Z§ Ago EH$ Zm AZoH$. `m gJiçmMm gm_Zm

H$aVmZm _wbm§Mr Kwg_Q> hmoVo. _mÌ, Oa H$bm§Mm gh^mJ

{ejUmV Agob Va _wbm§À`m _Zmdarb VmU hbH$m

H$aVm oB©b. "H$bm' åhUOo Ho$di "doioMm Anì``',

"nwT>rb Am wî`mgmR>r {Zén`moJr' BË`mXr {dYmZm§Zm

\$mQ>m Úm`bm hdm. emioÀ`m dJm©V {Z`{_V H$bmgmYZm

H$aÊ`mZo Or H$m¡eë` _wbm§_Ü o `mdrV åhUyZ AmnU

A{daV YS>nS> H$aVmo, Vr H$m¡eë` ghOnUo _wbm§_Ü o

ê$OdUo eŠ` hmoVo. Ogo, gh`moJmË_H$ AÜ``Z,

{M{H$ËgH$ MMm© H$aUo, ZoV¥ËdJwU, CÎm_ g§àofU

gmYVm oUo, {ZU© j_Vm Mm§Jbr hmoUo, gO©ZerbVoV

dmT>, H$ënZmeŠVr CÎm_ AgUo, {dMmam§_Ü o g_Vmob

gmYVm oUo, m{fH$ Am{U J{UVr` H$m¡eë o, Vm{H©$H$

j_Vm CÎm_ hmoUo BË`mXr BVHo$ gJio H$bm{ejUmZo,

H$bm§Mm Jm§ r`m©Zo Amnë`m {ejUH«$_mV {dMma H$aÊ`mZo

hmoV Agob Va àË oH$ emioZo Ë`mMo _hÎd OmUbo

nm{hOo.

H$bm§Mm Amnë`m Am`wî`mer ~mbd`mnmgyZ

g§~§Y Ambm Va EH$ Cƒ A{^éMrnyU©, Cƒ {dMmam§Mo

ì`pŠV_Ëd KS>Vo. Ë`mM~amo~a Mm§Jbm, gwÑT> _Z

AgUmam Am{U Vo OnUmam g_mO KS>dy eH$Vmo.

AmOÀ`m Am{U CÚmÀ`m ZdrZ OJmgmR>r Va _Z,

~wÕr, _|Xÿ CÎm_ KS>bobm {dÚmWu KS>Uo Iyn Amdí`H$

Amho. Zì`mZo AmXiUmè`m àíZm§Zm gm_moao Om`Mo,

H$R>rU g_ñ`m gmoS>dm`À`m Va I§~ra, _wŠVnUo Am{U

g§Vw{bV {dMma H$aUmao _Z-~wÕr AgUmao {dÚmWu

KS>dÊ`mgmR>r emim-emim§_Ü o H$bmZw dmMo ñdV§Ì

dJ© Am{U doi {Xbm nm{hOo. H$bm{ejUmMm hm gJim

{dMma H$aV AgVmZm h°Ýar _ya m à{gÕ {eënH$mamMo

EH$ dmŠ` dma§dma _ZmV oV hmoVo.'There is no retirement for an artist

it's your way of living, so there's no end to

it.'

nnnnn

- gm^ma nmoM -- gm^ma nmoM -- gm^ma nmoM -- gm^ma nmoM -- gm^ma nmoM -

♦ _wbm§Mm {MÌ_` _hmamîQ´> - {dÚmYa A_¥Vo,

_ZZ àH$meZ,_w§~B©, 2008

♦ n`m©daU KamoKar - {Xbrn Hw$bH$Uu,

g§VwbZ àH$meZ, aËZm{Jar, 2012

♦ Aíer gwÅ>r gwaoI ~mB© - AZ§V ^mdo,

amohZ àH$meZ nwUo, 2010 ({Û. Am.)

♦ OmoS>mja{da{hV H${dVm - AZ§V ^mdo,

{ed npãbHo$eÝg, nwUo, 2008


~mbH|$Ðr {ejUmVrbZdm à`moJ

à{V^m âmS>oà{V^m âmS>oà{V^m âmS>oà{V^m âmS>oà{V^m âmS>o

2003 gmbr _r gmVmam {OëhçmVrb "Hw$_R>o'

`m VmbwŠ`mV ~Xbr hmoD$Z Ambo. VËnydu IQ>md

VmbwŠ`mV Zm_Xod _mir, JQ> {ejUm{YH$mar `m§À`m

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hmoVo. `m_Üò Ambobo AZw^d, CnH«$_ am~{dVmZm

OmUdboë`m ÌwQ>r ~mOybm H$ê$Z Hw$_R>o ~rQ_Ü o H$m_mbm

gwédmV Ho$br.

~rQ>_Ü o {Oëhm n[afXoÀ`m EHy$U 39 emim

AgyZ {ejH g§»`m$ 130 Ë`mn¡H$s 80 Q>ŠHo$ {ejH$

VéU d CËgmhr hmoVo hr IynM O_oMr ~mOy hmoVr.

gwédmVrÀ`m emim oQ>rdoir bjmV oV hmoV§, {ejH$

H$m_mMo Agbo Var Ë`m§À`m H$m_mbm {Xem ZìhVr.

amonQ>§ Hw§$S>rV dmT>V hmoV§ nU Vr Hw§$S>r gmdbrV hmoVr.

emim ~KVmZm Ë`m CXmg, {ZéËgmhr dmQ>V hmoË`m.

nmdgmir àXoe Agbm Var emioMo Amdma AmogmS>

hmoVo. ho gJi§ ~Xbm`bm hd§ hmoV§, `mgmR>r àW_ gd©

{ejH$m§Zm {dídmgmV KoU§ JaOoM§ dmQ>b§. Owb¡ 2003

- VrZ {Xdgm§Mr H$m ©emim gd© {ejH$m§gmR>r Am`mo{OV

Ho$br. H${dVm Jm`Z, gm §ñH ¥ ${VH$ H$m`©H « $_,

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gmoZJmdMr emim {ZdS>br. à{ejUmnydu Ë`m emioVrb

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`mdoir g_ñ`m bjmV oD$ bmJë`m. Vmem d

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XmoardaMm _ëbIm§~ gwê$$ Amho. `m _wbm§gmR>r

VmbwH$mñVamda ñnYm©hr Am`mo{OV Ho$br OmVo.

"nmëg' (People's Action for life saving)

hm CnH«$_ IynM èñdr Pmbm. _wbm§Zm {_imboë`m

ImD$À`m n¡emVyZ H$mhr n¡go _wbo emioV ~MVnoQ>rV

O_m H$aVmV. Ë`m aH$_oVyZ Jar~ _wbm§À`m JaOm nyU©

Ho$ë`m OmVmV. VgoM _wbm§Zm "Ë`mJ' d¥ËVrMo ZH$iV


YS>ohr {Xbo OmVmV. `m `moOZoV {ejH$m§Mmhr g{H«$`

gh^mJ Amho.

_wbm§À`m Hw$nmofUmMm àíZ gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r S>m°.

e¡bm Xm^mobH$a `m§Mr _XV KoVbr. Ë`m§À`m

XoIaoIrImbr Xadfu _wbm§Zm O§Vm§À`m Jmoiçm {Xë`m

OmVmV. _wbm§Mo {h_mo½bmo{~ZMo à_mU VnmgyZ "EM~r'

g§VwbZmgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo. Xm^mobH$a _°S>_À`m "à`moJ

n[adma' g§ñWo_m\©$V "g|{Ð` eoVràH$ën' Hw$_R>o ~rQ>_Yrb

gd©M emim§_Ü o am~{dbm Amho. `m_Ü o _mVr V`ma

H$aUo, Ordm_¥V (A_¥VnmUr) V`ma H$aUo. g|{Ð`

H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ \$dmaUr H$aUo, ~rOà{H«$`m H$aUo, _mVrMm

gm_y nr.EM. nonaZo VnmgUo `m ~m~r {ejH$-{dÚmWu

{_iyZ H$aVmV. AmO àË oH$ emioV eoVr Ho$br OmVo.

Ho$ir, nnB©, noê$, eodJm, H$T>rnËVm hr PmS>o gd©M

emim§Odi AmhoV. emiobm nwaob EdT>m ^mOrnmbm

emioV V`ma hmoV Amho. _wbm§Zm g|{Ð` AÞ emioV

{Xb§ OmV§. àË oH$ _wbmÀ`m Kar "nag~mJ' Amho.

"à`moJ n[adma' g§ñWm eoVrMo _mJ©Xe©Z doimodoir H$aV

Amho. eoVr ho CËnmXZmMo Mm§Jbo gmYZ Amho. ZmoH$ar

Zmhr {_imbr Varhr CXa{Zdm©hmnwaVo CËnÞ eoVr XoD$

eH$Vo. ho `m CnH«$_mVyZ {gÕ hmoVo. emioV eoVr

{eH${dÊ`mg g_mO_mÝ`Vm {_iÊ`mgmR>r S>m°. e¡bm

Xm^mobH$a `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr àËòH$ emioV

nmbH$_oimdo Am`mo{OV Ho$bo. "_wbm§Mm Amhma, Amamo½`

d eoVr' `m {df`mda OZOmJ¥Vr Ho$br. `m_wio `m

CnH«$_mbm {damoY Pmbm Zmhr.

2003 gmbr gd© {ejH$m§À`m MM}VyZ "_{V_§X'

_wbo dJiVm, H$moUË`mhr _wbmbm Zmnmg H$am`Mo Zmhr,

Agm "A{b{IV' {ZU© Amåhr KoVbm hmoVm. Oo _yb

nmR>r_mJo amhVo Ë`m _mJrb H$maUo emoYbr OmV hmoVr.

Ë`mgmR>r _mZgmonMma VÁkm§Mr _XV KoVbr. Jar~

_wbm§À`m KamVrb AmhmamMm àíZ gmoS>{dbm. gm_m{OH$

g§ñWm, S>m°ŠQ>a, _mZgmonMma VÁk `m§À`m _XVrZo

_wbm§À`m g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. m CnH«$_mV

{ejH$, H§o$Ðà_wI m§Mm g{H«$` gh^mJ {_imbm åhUyZM

AmO `m emim ~mobŠ`m, XoIÊ`m, _wbm§À`m

Ordm^mdmÀ`m Pmboë`m {XgyZ oV AmhoV.

àË oH$ emioV _{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm gm§ñH¥${VH$

H$m ©H«$_ gmXa Ho$bo OmVmV. ho H$m ©H«$_ Aä`mgH«$_mda

AmYm[aV AgVmV. "~mE\²$' g§ñWoÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo

Jm§Sy>iIV{Z{_©Vr, ObnwZ ©aU, Am¡fYr dZñnVtMr

~mJ, ßb°pñQ>H$ nm`nwgUr, gm¡aS´>mà, J«rZhmD$g,

gm¡aMyb, Qy>-BZ-dZ gmR>r gm¡a{H$Q>, dhr dmMdm àH$ën

B. àH$ën 33 emim§_Ü o gmVË`mZo Mmby AmhoV.

H$m_mVrb {MH$mQ>r, gmVË` `m_wio AmO `m

{Oëhm n[afX emim§Vrb JiVr, CnpñWVr VgoM

gdmªJrU e¡j{UH$ JwUŠVm {dH$mgmÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb àíZ

CËV_ nÕVrZo gmoS>{dbo Jobo. ~mb{ejUm-g§X^m©V

doJdoJio à`moJ eñdr H$aUmar à`moJemim m emim§_Ü o

C^r Amho. `m à`moJemioVrb ~mbHo$ {Z`{_VnUo

Vmb~Õ H¥$Vr wŠV nÚJm`Z H$aVmV. Vmb~Õ AmXe©

n[anmR> KoVmV. nmT>o nmR>m§Vam~amo~aM AmdS>rMo CVmao

nmR> H$aVmV. AmdS>boë`m dmŠ`m§Mo g§H$bZ H$ê$Z

"gw{dMma {Z{_©Vr' H$aVmV. XaamoO EH$ dmŠ` gwboIZ

dhrV diUXmanUo {b{hVmV... YmS>gmZo gw§Xa

~mobVmV...

~mbH|$Ðr {ejUmÀ`m {XeoZo Am_Mo CnH«$_

åhUOo Amåhr CMbobo Ho$di EH$ nmD$b Amho `mMr

Amåhmbm OmUrd Amho. nU emgZ- {ejH$ - nmbH$

`m§À`m gm§{KH$ à`ËZmVyZM ~mbH|$Ðr {ejUmMo Zdo

diU emim§Zm {_iob `mMr ImÌr dmQ>Vo.

nnnnn


"_m` _amR>r … H$er{bhmdr, H$er dmMmdr'

{h_mbr dVZXma

_hÎdmMo Amho. mM _hÎdmÀ`m _wÚm§da _mJ©Xe©H$ R>aob

Ago lr. {XdmH$a _mohZr `m§Mo "_m` _amR>r - H$er

{bhmdr, H$er dmMmdr' ho nwñVH$ Amho. Amnbo gJio

Am wî`âmMo ì`dhma AmnU mfoH$adr H$aVmo. Ë`m_wio

embo ñVamdaM _wbm§Mr ^mfm CÎm_ Agob Va nwT>o

Ë`m§Zm H$moUË`mhr joÌmV è g§nmXZ H$aUo H$R>rU

OmV Zmhr ho AmVm {gÜX Pmbo Amho. VgoM AÝ`

embo {df` Mm§Jë`màH$mao {eH$Ê`mgmR>r mfm Mm§Jbr

hdr. AmOÀ`m {ejUmMm {dMma H$aVm mfm {ejUmH$S>o

hmoUmao Xþb©j hr J§ ra ~m~ Amho. {deofV: àmW{_H$

emioV OmUmè`m _wbm§À`m m{fH$ j_Vm§_Ü o H$moUVrhr

d¥Õr AmT>ibr Zmhr Va R>mog H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mMr JaO

Amho. {Oëhm n[afXm§À`mM Zìho Va ImOJr AZoH$

àmW{_H$ emim§_YyZ Am{U AÝ` e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaUm§Vhr

{dÚmÏ`mªMo à_mU^mfm _amR>r {b{hÊ`m-dmMÊ`mMo

H$m¡eë` nwaogo {dH${gV Pmbobo Zmhr Ago AmT>iVo.

àmW{_H$ {ejUmV Mma-nmM df} KmbdyZhr {H$Ë oH$

{dÚmÏ`mªZm ì`dpñWV dmMZ H$aVm oV Zmhr, boIZmVhr

AS>MUr oVmV. `mg§X^m©V Zo_Ho$ H$m` H$aVm oB©b;

H$moUË`m nÕVrZo ^mfm{ejUmg gwédmV H$amdr Aem

àíZm§~m~V _wbm§Zm, {ejH$m§Zm _mohZtMo ho nwñVH$

_mJ©Xe©H$ Rê$ eH$Vo. m nwpñVHo$V à_mU^mfm åhUOo

H$m`, à_mU^mfoMo ñdê$n, à_mU^mfm dmnaÊ`mMo CÔoe,

_mUgmbm mfm ~mobVm, dmMVm Am{U {b{hVm

oVo ho BVa àmÊ`m§À`m VwbZoV Ë`mMo EH$ _hÎdmMo

d¡{eîQ>ç åhQ>bo nm{hOo. _mUyg {dMma H$ê$ eH$Vmo

Am{U Vo {dMma ^mfoìXmaoM BVam§g_j àH$Q> H$ê$

eH$Vmo. ^mfm ZgVrb Va ImUmIyUm§À`m, AÝ`

_mÜ`_m§À`mÛmao g§àofU gmYbo AgVohr na§Vw Ë`mbm

Iyn _`m©Xm nS>ë`m AgË`m ho {ZpíMV. ^mfm EHy$UM

Amnë`m Am wî`mMm H$Um Amho. AZm{XH$mbmnmgyZ Vo

AmOn`ªVMr _mZdmMr Or àJVr Pmbr Amho Vr

^mfo_wioM. ñdV…g Ambobo AZw d, {_idbobo kmZ,

Xþgè`mg gm§JUo; eãX~Õ H$ê$Z R>odUo Am{U nwT>À`m

{nT>rn ªV g§H«${_V H$aUo ^mfo_wio ghO eŠ` Pmbo.

EHy$UM Amnë`m H$m¡Qw>§{~H$, gm_m{OH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$

OrdZmV ^mfobm AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd Amho.

_yb OÝ_mbm oVo VoM ^mfm {ejUmMr j_Vm

KoD$Z, AmnmoAmn, Hw$Urhr Z {eH$dVm Vo mfm AdJV

H$aVo. Ë`mÀ`m g^modVr ~mobbr OmUmar ^mfm EoHy$Z

AJXr Zo_Ho$nUmZo AdJV H$aV OmVo. Amnë`m mdZm,

BÀN>m, amJ B. eãXm§VyZ ì`ŠV H$am`bm {eH$Vo. _mUgmMo

gd© ì`dhma _J Am wî`â mfoÀ`m AmYmao MmbVmV.

^mfm ~mobUo Am{U g_OUo `m XmoZ JmoîQ>r

Oar Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m hmoV Agë`m Var Ë`m mfoMr {bnr

g_OyZ KoD$Z Ë`mMo dmMZ Am{U boIZ H$aUo A{Ve`

nwñVH$ narjU


dmMZmMr nÕV `m~m~V AË §V Aä`mgnyd©H$ {ddoMZ

{Xbo Amho. m_Ü o mfoÀ`m boIZ-dmMZm~m~V BVŠ`m

VnerbmV {dMma Ho$bobm Amho H$s, Vmo gd©àH$maÀ`m

^mfm[df`H$ H$m_ H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVtZm Cn wŠV R>amdm.

H$moUË`mhr àXoemV boIZ-dmMZmMr Or ^mfm

AgVo Vr "à_mU^mfm' AgVo, Agmdr bmJVo.

~mobr^mfm {^Þ Agy eH$VmV _mÌ à_mU^mfm EH$M

AgVo. CXmhaUmW© _amR>r hr à_mU^mfm AgyZ

A{hamUr, ZmJnwar, dèhmS>r Aem H$mhr {VÀ`m ~mobr

AmhoV. ~mobtMo gm¢X ©,ñdmV§Í` Am{U ApñVËd _mÝ`

H$ê$Zhr à_mU ^mfoMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo Ago

Amnë`mbm åhUVm oB©b. à_mU^mfm gd©Ì g§nH$m©Mo

_mÜ`_ AgVo. Ë`m_wio à_mU^mfm hr ì`mH$aUmÀ`m

{ZpíMV {Z`_m§Zwgma Am{U Oo {b{hbo Amho VmoM AW©

ì`ŠV H$aUmar Agmd`mg hdr. _mÌ gÜ`mÀ`m _w{ÐV

ê$nmVrb Agm Zo_Ho$nUm _amR>rV Zmhr Aer I§V

_mohZtZr ì`ŠV Ho$br Amho. _mohZtZr ñdV… _wÐH$

åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bobo Amho. Ë`m_wio à_mUrH¥$V _amR>rMo

{d{eîQ>M ê$n H$m`_ Agob Va dmMZmÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo Vo

gmo rMo hmoB©b, Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>Vo. AmOÀ`m ~è`mM

{dÚmÏ`mªZm dmMZ oV Zmhr, Ambo Var Vo AS>IiV

oVo, dmMboë`m JmoîQ>tMm AW© bmJV Zmhr, naV-naV

VoM {eH$dmdo bmJVo, {eH$mdo bmJVo Ë`m_wio _J

dmMZmVrb ag Zm{hgm hmoVmo. `m gd© g_ñ`m§Mm

{dMma nmbH$-{ejH$m§Zr Jm§ r`m©Zo H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

XodZmJar {bnrMo gwb^, doJmZo d emñÌewÕnUo

dmMZ d boIZ H$go H$am`Mo ; H$go {eH$dm`Mo ho `m

nwpñVHo$Vrb VrZ {Z~§Ym§_YyZ CbJS>bo Amho. n{hë`m

"ÐþVdmMZ-JaO Am{U Cnm`' `m {Z~§YmVyZ _wbm§Zm

gwédmVrnmgyZ dmMZmMr JmoS>r H$er bmdm`Mr Ë`mgmR>r

H$m`-H$m` H$aVm oB©b ho g{dñVa gm§{JVbo Amho.

_wbm§Zm dmMZ {eH$dm`Mo Va N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r dmŠ o,VrZ

Vo nmM eãXm§Mr Aer {eH$dUo, H$mJXr nÅ>çm H$amì`mV,

dmŠ`nÅ>r emoYÊ`mMm Ioi ¿`mdm d dmMZmH$aVm

_wbm§Zm àmoËgm{hV H$amdo Aem H$mhr _mJ©Xe©H$ gyMZm

_mohZtZr {Xë`m AmhoV. nmR>m§Va d Ho$di ldUmda

â Z XoVm dmMZmda â Úmdm, H$maU EoH$Uo Ho$ìhmhr

gmono AgVo Ë`mg \$ma H$îQ> ¿`mdo bmJV ZmhrV. _mÌ

dmMZ H$R>rU åhUyZ Ë`mMm {dZmH$maU Amig Ho$bm

OmVmo. Amnbr _wb| dmMZeÌy hmoD$ Z oV åhUyZ {ejH$

d nmbH$m§Zr Xj amhUo JaOoMo Amho, Ago _mohZtZr

gm§{JVbo Amho.

ÐþVdmMZ H$aÊ`mMr gd`, dmMboë`mMm AW©

bmdV OmUo, dmT>Vo dmMZ, dmMZ Am{U CƒmaU m§Mm

g§~§Y Aem _wÚm§{df`r _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

doJdmZ d emñÌewÕ dmMZ H$m¡eë`mà_mUoM

emñÌewÕ boIZm{df`r Xþgè`m {Z~§YmV {Xbo Amho.

ewÕboIZmMo _hÎd, ewÕboIZ H$m H$am`Mo, H$go

H$am`Mo, OmoS>mja| H$er {eH$dmdrV ho m {Z~§YmV {Xbobo

Amho. emñÌewÕ boIZm_wio Omo AW© {b{hUmè`mbm

A{^àoV Amho VmoM AW© dmMUmamhr bmdy eH$Vmo.

Ë`mMà_mUo AemàH$mao boIZm_wio gmYmaU ~wÕrÀ`m

H$moUË`mhr na^m{fH$mbmhr Ë`mVyZ CÎm_ AW©~moY hmoD$

eH$Vmo. åhUOo AmnU {b{hbobo H$moUË`mhr ì`ŠVrg

AS>WiçmdrZm dmMVm `mdo Ago dmQ>V Agbo Va

Mm§Jë`m Ajam§V d à_mU^mfoV {b{hUo lo ñH$a Ago

_mohZr åhUVmV. _mohZtZr `m nwñVH$mV ÐþVdmMZ d

{Z`_mZwgma boIZ `m§Mm g§~§Y CbJSy>Z XmIdbm

Amho. {Vgè`m {Z~§YmV _amR>r ^mfoÀ`m [bnrg§~§Yr

{dñVmamZo MMm© Ho$br Amho d OmoS>mjam§{df`r _m{hVr

{Xbr Amho.

lr. _mohZtÀ`m m nwpñVHo$V gd© ì §OZ_mboVrb

ìÒZm§e d ñdam§e doJdoJiçm a§Jm§Zr {b{hbm Amho ho

d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho.

nnnnn


{ejH$ hm Am wî`â {ejH$M AgVmo,

Vgm Vmo {dÚmWuhr Agm`bm hdm,

Ë`mMr Amnë`m H$m_mda {ZVm§V lÕm hdr,

^º$s hdr, ào_ hdo,

hoM _r _mÂ`m gd© ~§Yw {JZtZm gm§JVo.

Vwåhr {ejH$ Agmb Va

Amnë`m {ejUH$m`m©V {daKiyZ Om.

Ë`m AmZ§XmgmaIm ~«÷mZ§X Zmhr,

Ë`m H$m`m©gmaIo XodH$m © Zmhr,

Ë`m H$m`m©gmaIo XoeH$m © Zmhr.

_mPr Va hrM lÕm Amho.

~mb{ejUmgmR>r Amnbo Am wî` doMUmè`m~mb{ejUmgmR>r Amnbo Am wî` doMUmè`m~mb{ejUmgmR>r Amnbo Am wî` doMUmè`m~mb{ejUmgmR>r Amnbo Am wî` doMUmè`m~mb{ejUmgmR>r Amnbo Am wî` doMUmè`m

Wmoa {ejUVÁk qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$ `m§Mo AmË_H$WZ.Wmoa {ejUVÁk qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$ `m§Mo AmË_H$WZ.Wmoa {ejUVÁk qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$ `m§Mo AmË_H$WZ.Wmoa {ejUVÁk qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$ `m§Mo AmË_H$WZ.Wmoa {ejUVÁk qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$ `m§Mo AmË_H$WZ.

dQ>d¥jm§À`m gmdbrVdQ>d¥jm§À`m gmdbrVdQ>d¥jm§À`m gmdbrVdQ>d¥jm§À`m gmdbrVdQ>d¥jm§À`m gmdbrV

bo{IH$m - qgYwVmB© A§{~Ho$

àH$meH$ - J«m__§Jb àH$meZ, _yë` - é. 175/-


"Aja' AmoiIgwf_m nmÜ o

J«m__§JbV\}$ Amåhr ~mbdmS>r à{ejU dJ©

KoV AgVmo. ~mb{ejUmgmR>r Cn wŠV Aem AZoH$

JmoîQ>r Ë`m AZwf§JmZo nmbH$m§n ªV, {ejH$m§n ªV nmohMV

AgVmV. "_wbm§À`m m{fH$ j_Vm {dH${gV H$aÊ`mgmR>r

nmbH$m§Zr Amnë`m ~mobÊ`mVyZ, _wbmbm ~mobÊ`mV

gh^mJr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mVyZ, dmMZ AZw dmVyZ ^mfoMo

dmVmdaU V`ma H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. Ë`mVyZM g_¥Õ

^mfoH$S>o Ë`m§Mr dmQ>Mmb gwê$ hmoVo Aem AZw dmVrb

_yb ~S>~S>o hmoVo, CËgwH$ hmoVo. Ë`mMo ~mobUo gwg§JV

hmoVo.' Ago _r `m à{ejUmV gm§JV hmoVo. {dXþbm,

EH$m gw{e{jV nmbH$, _wbmÀ`m d`m~amo~aM ñdV…M

nmbH$nU {dH${gV H$aUmar AmB© ~mb{dH$mg

Aä`mgmVyZ g_OyZ KoV hmoVr. Vr åhUmbr ""VmB©,

Vwåhr AmO Oo AmO m{fH$ {dH$mgm~Ôb ~mobV hmoVmV

Zm, Ë`mVrb Iyn ~m~r _r OmUrdnyd©H$, Aä`mgmVyZ

qH$dm H$iV-ZH$iV H$aV Ambo Amho nU Vw_À`m

gm§JÊ`mZo, _bm _wbmÀ`m ^m{fH$ {dH$mgmMo gmao Q>ßno

Am{U Ë`mVrb Am_À`m O~m~Xmè`m ho Am{YH$ ZrQ>,

gImobnUo g_Obo.''

^mfm ho Amnë`mbm EH$ ghO àmá Pmbobo

gmYZ Amho. mfm {eH$Ê`mÀ`m j_Vm KoD$ZM AmnU

OÝ_mbm oVmo. _wbmbm {OVŠ`m ghOnUmZo am§Jm`bm,

Mmbm`bm oVo {VVŠ`m ghOnUmZo ñd^mfm oVo nU

bhmZ _wbm§À`m nmbH$m§gmR>r

^mfm oUo Am{U g_¥Õ hmoUo `mV \$aH$ Amho. ^mfm

EH$ gwg§JVnUo {dMma, mdZm ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mMo _mÜ`_

Amho. ì`mJmoËñH$s `m a{e`Z _mZgemñÌkmZo

åhQ>ë`mà_mUo "^mfm ho EH$ _mZg gmYZ Amho.

ì`ŠVrÀ`m AmË_{dídmgmMm, AmË_gÝ_mZmMm ^mfm

hm EH$ nXa Amho. ^mfm OmUrdnyd©H$ {dH${gV H$amdr

bmJVo. EH$ dfmªnmgyZ ghm gmV dfmªn`ªV _wbo

Q>rnH$mJXmgmaIo dmVmdaUmVyZ ^mfm emoYyZ ¿moV

AgVmV. mMm AW© mfoMo dmVmdaU Amnë`mbm V`ma

H$am`bm hdo.

Mm§Jbr ^mfm EoH$Ê`mMo, ~mobÊ`mMo Am{U

dmMÊ`mMo AZw d EH$ Vo ghm dfm©À`m d`mV _wbmbm

{_im`bm hdo. _wbm§er ghO ~mobUo ìhm`bm hdo.

amoOÀ`m KQ>Zm§da _wbm§er ~mobm`bm hdo. mgmR>r IoiVm

IoiVm Ë`m§À`mer Jßnm _mamì`mV. ¿mamV H$moUVo ImD$

Ho$bo AmhoV, H$moUVr mOr Ho$br Amho Ë`m§Mr Md, a§J

gm§JmdoV. H$ÀÀ`m ^mÁ`m§Mo ñne©, dmg, a§J XmIdmdo.

`mVyZ ghO mfm {dH$mg hmoV AgVmo. _wbm§Zm g_Oob,

AmdS>ob Aem gmononUmZo n[agamVrb Ag§»` ~m~r

nmD$g, AmH$me, PmS>o `m§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z Úmdr.

`mVyZ eãXg§J«h dmT>Vmo, AmOy~mOyÀ`m OJmMr AmoiI


hmoD$Z Hw$Vyhb OmJê$H$ hmoVo.

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♦ A{Zb OmoerA{Zb OmoerA{Zb OmoerA{Zb OmoerA{Zb Omoer, H$m ©dmh, _hmamï´> ~mb{ejU n[afX, dmB©, ghg{Md-àkmnmR>emim, dmB©, AÜ`j - _H$a§XnÌH$ma à{Vð>mZ, dmB©.«_UÜdZr : 9766995904

♦ {ddoH$ gmd§V,{ddoH$ gmd§V,{ddoH$ gmd§V,{ddoH$ gmd§V,{ddoH$ gmd§V, ì`dñWmnH$s` g§MmbH$ _hmamï´> kmZ _hm_§S>i, [email protected]

♦ S>m°. n§{S>V {dÚmgmJa, S>m°. n§{S>V {dÚmgmJa, S>m°. n§{S>V {dÚmgmJa, S>m°. n§{S>V {dÚmgmJa, S>m°. n§{S>V {dÚmgmJa, ^m¡{VH$emó {d^mJ à_wI, nwUo {dÚmnrR>, A{Yð>mVm - {dkmZ emIm, nwUo {dÚmnrR,>_hm{dÚmb` Am{U {dÚmnrR> {dH$mg _§S>i, nwUo g§ñWoMo g§MmbH$, {dkmZmg§~§Yr AZoH$ nwñVHo$ VgoM bKwnQ>`m§Mr {Z{_©[email protected]

♦ àmMm`© S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo, àmMm`© S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo, àmMm`© S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo, àmMm`© S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo, àmMm`© S>m°. H¡$bmg Zahar ~dbo, g_Ýd`H$ {dH$mg {ejU àH$ën,nwUo, àmMm © à{V^m dm{UÁ`, {dkmZ dg§JUH$emó _hm{dÚmb`, Zdr gm§Jdr, nwUo - [email protected]

♦ gr. Ho$. XogmB©, gr. Ho$. XogmB©, gr. Ho$. XogmB©, gr. Ho$. XogmB©, gr. Ho$. XogmB©, _mOr àmÜ`mnH$, g§J_Zoa _hm{dÚmb`, _mOr g§MmbH$-_wŠVm§JU, EŠënmoaoQ>ar gm`Ýg g|Q>a,nwUo, ìhMw©Ab ñHy$b àH$ën -g_Ýd`H$, ~OmO {dkmZ H|$Ð, dYm©, gëbmJma d àH$ënà[email protected]

♦ gw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrggw{ZV nmoVZrg, XrK©H$mbmnmgyZ dV©_mZnÌ Am{U {Z`VH$m{bH$m§_Ü o boIZmMm AZw d, gÜ`m X¡{ZH$ bmoH$gÎmm_YyZ "g\$a H$mbndm©Mr' ho gXa Mmby [email protected]

♦ AnUm© Hw$bH$Uu, AnUm© Hw$bH$Uu, AnUm© Hw$bH$Uu, AnUm© Hw$bH$Uu, AnUm© Hw$bH$Uu, A{Yì`m»`mVm -E_.ES.{ejUemó _hm{dÚmb`, Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r.{dÚmnrR> [email protected]

♦ à{V^m âmS>o, à{V^m âmS>o, à{V^m âmS>o, à{V^m âmS>o, à{V^m âmS>o, >{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar, n§Mm`V g{_Vr, [email protected]

♦ gwf_m nmÜò, gwf_m nmÜò, gwf_m nmÜò, gwf_m nmÜò, gwf_m nmÜò, g§MmbH$ - J«m__§[email protected]

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