EIA report sinjhoro field development OGDCL pakistan

EIA for Sinjhoro Field Development Project

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Oil and Gas Development Company Limited

FINAL REPORT

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF

SINJHORO FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

SEPTEMBER 2011

PREPARED BY: SHAHZAD INTERNATIONAL


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Serial

no.

Table of Contents Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY i-vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Need for EIA study 1

1.3 Project profile 2

1.3.1 Project need identification 2

1.3.2 Scope of EIA study 2

1.4 Objectives of the study 3

1.5 Proponent 3

1.6 Approach and Methodology 3

1.6.1 Approach 3

1.6.2 Inception activities 4

1.6.3 Identification and Assessments of Impacts 4

1.7 Methodology 4

1.7.1 Project planning 5

1.7.2 Site Visit 5

1.7.3 Review of Legislative Requirements 5

1.7.4 Collection of baseline data 5

1.7.5 Meetings with stake holders 7

1.7.6 Environment Impact Assessments 7

1.8 Draft Report 9

1.9 Final report 9

1.10 Public hearing 9

1.11 Structure of the report 9

2. STATUTORY REQUIREMENT AND STANDARDS 12

2.1 General 12

2.2 International obligations/agreements 12

2.2.1 United Nations Agenda 21 12

2.2.2 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 12

2.2.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,

1992

13

2.2.4 Kyoto Protocol 13

2.3 International Guidelines 13


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2.4 Policy framework 15

2.4.1 National Environment Policy, 2005 15

2.4.2 National Resettlement policy (Draft) 15

2.5 Legal framework 16

2.5.1 Federal laws 16

2.5.2 Provincial laws 18

2.6 Regulatory framework 19

2.7 Environment assessment guidelines 20

2.7.1 Pak-EPA environment Assessment procedures and guidelines

,1997

20

2.8 Environmental guidelines 21

2.8.1 Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health And Environment

Management

21

2.8.2 OGDCL Environmental, Health and Safety Policy 21

2.9 Administrative framework 21

2.9.1 EPA Sindh 21

2.9.2 Sindh Forest department 22

2.9.3 Sindh Wildlife department 22

2.9.4 Regional Environmental office 22

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 29

3.1 General 29

3.2 Objectives of the project 29

3.3 System description 29

3.3.1 Well head facilities 30

3.3.1.1 Well counts 30

3.3.1.2 Raw gas composition 30

3.3.1.3 Production profile 30

3.3.1.4 Product specification 30

3.3.2 Processing facility 31

3.3.2.1 Layout of the plant 31

3.3.2.2 Land 31

3.3.2.3 Process design data 31

3.3.2.4 Design capacity 31

3.3.2.5 Plant utilities 32

3.3.3 Gas transportation line 33

3.3.3.1 Field gathering system 33

3.3.3.2 Gas transportation 33

3.4 Development plan and schedule 33

3.5 Project feasibility and reservoir potential 33

3.6 Project implementation 34

3.6.1 Construction work 34

3.6.2 Worksite camps 34


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3.7 Waste management 35

3.8 Fuel management 36

4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT

AREA

42

4.1 Data Collection Methodology 42

4.2 Village Selection 42

4.3 Physical Environment 43

4.3.1 Geology 43

4.3.2 Soil 43

4.3.3 Hydrology 44

4.3.4 Weather and climate 44

4.3.5 Ambient air quality of the area 44

4.4 Noise 45

4.5 Biological Environment 45

4.5.1 Flora 45

4.5.2 Fauna 46

4.5.3 Horticulture 46

4.5.4 Livestock 47

4.6 Communication 47

4.7 Trade & Trade Center 47

4.8 Archaeological Resources 47

4.9 Occupation 48

4.10 Culture Customs & Traditions 48

4.11 Agriculture 49

4.12 Forestry 49

4.13 Health 49

5. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION & ANALYSIS OF

ALTERNATIVES

77

5.1 Objectives of Stakeholder Consultation 77

5.2 Identification of Stakeholders (primary & secondary) 77

5.3 Stakeholder Consultation Process 78

5.4 Stakeholder Consultation technique 78

5.5 Stakeholders consulted 79

5.6 Stakeholders concerns and recommendations 79

5.6.1 Community concerns 79

5.6.2 Environment related departments consulted 80

5.6.3 Local government representatives 80

5.7 No Project Option 81

6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

87

6.1 Introduction 87

6.2 Impacts on Physical Environment 89


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6.2.1 Geomorphology and Soils 89

6.2.2 Water Resources 92

6.2.3 Ambient Air Quality 99

6.2.4 Noise 103

6.3 Impacts on biological Environment 106

6.3.1 Natural Vegetation 106

6.3.2 Wildlife and Habitat 107

6.4 Socio cultural impacts 109

6.4.1 Possible displacement 109

6.4.2 Acquisition of productive land 110

6.4.3 Land use 110

6.4.4 Community disturbance 111

6.4.5 Induction of labour 112

6.4.6 Community health and safety 113

6.4.7 Interaction with community & mobilization of women 116

6.4.8 Employment and income generation 117

6.4.9 Archeological or cultural resources 117

6.5 Water Use 118

6.6 Community grievances 119

6.7 Waste management 119

6.8 Fuel management 125

6.9 Conclusion 128

7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 130

7.1 Introduction 130

7.2 Purpose and objectives of EMP 130

7.3 Management responsibilities 130

7.4 Construction phase EMP 131

7.4.1 Components of EMP 131

7.4.2 Mitigation plan 131

7.4.3 Monitoring plan 132

7.4.4 Objectives of monitoring 132

7.4.5 Environmental monitoring 132

7.4.6 Environmental record 137

7.4.7 Communication and documentation 138

7.4.8 Change management 139

7.5 Changes to EMP 139

7.6 Environmental training 139

7.7 Operation phase management 139


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Annexure A: Review of IEE and EIA regulations 2000

Annexure B: National Environmental Quality Standards

Annexure C: WHO guidelines for drinking water quality

Annexure D: OGDCL Health, Safety and Environment Policy

Annexure E: Emergency Response Plan

FIGURES

Exhibit 3.1 Distances from plant to well Page 38

Exhibit 3.2 Commingled gas composition of the Sinjhoro wells Page 39

Exhibit 3.3 Flow chart of Production facility Page 40

Exhibit 3.4 Flow chart of Plant utilities Page 41

Exhibit 4.1 Satellite Image of Chotiari Wetland Complex showing

water resources

Page 68

Exhibit 4.2 Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area Page 69

Exhibit 4.3 Water Resources Catchments Map Page 70

Exhibit 4.4 Vegetation of the area Page 71

Exhibit 4.5 Livestock of the area Page 72

Exhibit 4.6 Occupation Page 73

Exhibit 4.7 Crops Page 75

Exhibit 4.8 Water bodies of the area Page 76

Exhibit 5.1 Stakeholder consultation Page 85

Exhibit 5.2 Public Consultations Page 86


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TABLES

Table 1.1 Severity of impacts Page 8

Table 1.2 Project team Page 11

Table 2.1 NEQS for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents

Discharged to Inland Waters (mg/l, unless otherwise

defined)

Page 23

Table 2.2 Proposed National Environmental Quality Standards for

Ambient Air (Draft)

Page 25

Table 2.3 Proposed NEQS for Noise (Draft) Page 26

Table 2.4 WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines Page 27

Table 2.5 WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific

Environments

Page 28

Table 2.6 World Bank Recommended Noise Levels Page 28

Table 3.1 Expected production (I) Page 37

Table 3.2 Expected production (I) Page 37

Table 4.1 List of villages of the project area Page 50

Table 4.2 Ground water sample processing facility project site Page 51

Table 4.3 Microbial parameters Page 52

Table 4.4 Soil sample for SP-1 camp area Page 52

Table 4.5 Ambient Air Sampling for processing facility project area Page 53

Table 4.6 Noise Page 53

Table 4.7 Month Wise 30 Years Mean Maximum / Minimum

Temperature, Precipitation and Humidity

Page 54

Table 4.8 Area and Production of fruits and vegetables 1997-98 Page 55

Table 4.9 Livestock population in Sinjhoro Block 1997-98 Page 56

Table 4.10 Area and Production of Crops 1997-98 Page 57

Table 4.11 Phytosociolgical parameters of dominant species at

Chotiari reservoir

Page 58

Table 4.12 Status of some medium sized and large mammals of

Chotiari wetlands complex ,Sanghar Sindh

Page 60

Table 4.13 Avifauna of Chotiari reservioir ,Sanghar Sindh during

2006-2009

Page 62

Table 4.14 Reptilian fauna of Chotiari reservioir Sanghar Sindh

during 2006-2009

Page 64

Table 4.15 Amphibian fauna of Chotiari Reservior ,Sanghar Sindh

during 2006-2009

Page 65

Table 4.16 Area and Production of Crops 1997-98 Page 66


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Table 4.17 Type of health institutes by their numbers Page 67

Table 5.1 Key stakeholders consulted Page 82

Table 5.2 Public near project area Page 83

Table 5.3 Consolidated Matrix of Concerns Raised by the

Communities during Stakeholder Consultations

Page 83

Table 6.1 Impact Assessment Matrix Page 129

Table 7.1 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Page 140

Table 7.2 Mitigation Plan for Construction Phase Page 142

Table 7.3 Training Program Page 146


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OGDCL planned to develop a gas production facility in Sinjhoro Sindh, and engaged

Shahzad International to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of its

proposed project. This document presents the findings of the EIA.

Project Description

Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), a public sector company in

Pakistan, is developing Sinjhoro field as part of its oil and gas exploration

programme.

The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province in

lower Indus basin and covers area of 102 acres. The land has been acquired on lease.

To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro concession. The main

reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation in the area.

OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint

partners (OGDCL, OPI, GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field and gas

processing and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The facilities shall be

set-up adjacent to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro processing plant is located

at distance of about 8 km from Sanghar.

Description of the Environment

Natural Environment

Project area also includes a portion of the Chotiari Wetlands Complex which is

located at 69´.4” E and 26´.1" N with an elevation of 60 m from the sea level. It

spreads over an area of 18, 000 ha. It is located 30-35km in the east of the Sanghar

Town. It has the Thar Desert on north -east and eastern side and is bounded by sand

hills towards north, east and south-east and the Nara Canal towards the west and

south.

Chotiari wetlands complex includes very diverse habitats such as lakes (perennial,

ephemeral, freshwater, brackish, saline); swamps, marshes, reed beds; riverine forest

(Nara Fen, Chandanwala area); cropland with stand of cotton, wheat, rice and

sugarcane); desert (Thar desert), desert scrub, semi desert; sand dunes. Its aquatic

features comprise diversity of small and large size (1-200 ha) fresh and brackish

water lakes such as Gun, Wari, Jajur, Phuleil, Seri and Sao Naro, Khor, Jadpur,

Meena, Waguwala, Sanjaran and Bholo.


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Rivers and streams

The water channels passing through the Sinjhoro block area are Dim branch and Ali

Jamraou (Exhibit 4.6: water bodies of the project area). The chemical analysis of the

ground water from the plant area is given in (Table 4.2).

Dams and canals

Chutiari dam almost has become dry and water with some small depth is available in

different patches. However, the dried portions of the Dam have been covered with

wildly grown thick forest of thorny bushes that bears health hazard reptiles in

abundant. Similarly, the bank sides of Nara Canals are also having the same

conditions

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

Customs and traditions in this area are almost same as elsewhere in Sindh province.

Customs in marriage ceremony are of a great importance. In marriage ceremony

Sindhes used to sing ‘Sahras’ one week before marriage.

Impacts and mitigation measures

Soils

Spills of chemicals and fuel during handling, transportation and storage may result in

contamination of soil at a construction site. A significant impact on soil will be

interpreted if visible amount of chemical or hydrocarbon is observed in soil.

Mitigation Measures

• During site clearance and construction the workers should closely be

supervised to avoid cutting of tress .Areas requiring deforestation should be

clearly delineated prior to any clearance, large trees requiring incorporating.

• Any new development or improvement of existing access tracks will

generally also try to avoid dense vegetation and sand dunes.

• Whenever practicable trees should be filled down by chain saw rather than

uprooted so as to retain the rooting system.

• Minimizing vegetation loss can reduce the risk of land slippage and soil

erosion, given that vegetation prevents slippage and erosion.

• OGDCL will try to avoid damage to the water channels, by say breaking its

embankments, and will repair any damage that is caused. Conforming to the

safeguards given in the environmental management plan (EMP) will ensure


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that the overall impact of the proposed project on the area’s geomorphology

and soil remains insignificant.

Water Resources

The quality of surface and groundwater supplies may deteriorate if pollutants

mixes with surface runoff during rain are carried to water resources in the vicinity,

or if pollutants leach into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in such cases

may include:

• Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)

• Oil and grease from vehicles and machinery

• Sediments from altered land surfaces (campsites and new access tracks)

• Stored Fuel, oil and other chemicals

Ambient Air Quality

Dust generated during construction activities can be substantial. Dust emission

from construction sites is a concern particularly if the site is near residential areas.

Greenhouse gas emissions during Operational phase

Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process and due to

processes mentioned above. The main plant operation that contribute to gas

emissions are condensate stabilization , Liquid dehydration, Flash gas compressors

, Gas sweetening unit ,Gas dehydration unit, De-ethanizer of gas compressors,

Refrigeration package, Feed Gas & sales gas compressors , Flare and flow down

system ,Electrical power generation and Fuel gas system etc. The increase in

greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due to human activities such as

combustion and land use change contributes to the global warming.

Potential Impacts

Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process. The increase in

greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due to human activities such as

combustion and land use change contributes to the global warming.

Mitigation Measures

Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate storage stockpiles will be reduced by

appropriate measures. These may include:

• Keeping the material moist by sprinkling of water at appropriate frequency


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• Erecting windshield walls on three sides of the piles such that the wall project

0.5 m above the pile, or

• Covering the pile, for example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets, to prevent

emissions.

• Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 20 km/h on all unpaved

roads within the plant site.

Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation in most of the project area is sparse and has been replaced by

invasive species, it is therefore expected that the overall impact of the project on

natural vegetation will be insignificant. Campsites will have no impact on natural

vegetation since they will be located in existing clearings.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce any adverse impacts of the

project;

• When developing new tracks, routes that minimize vegetation loss will be

chosen.

• Camps will be established in natural clearings.

• Felling of trees will be avoided.

• Open fires will not be allowed anywhere outside the campsites.

Wildlife and Habitat

During the construction phase, there will be considerable human interventions in

the project area which can potentially affect the wildlife resources of the project

area. No environmentally sensitive area (forest, wetland, national park, wildlife

sanctuary, or game reserve) is located in the vicinity of the project area

Mitigation Measures

The measures listed below will minimise the disturbance to the wildlife due to the

project activities.

• A ‘no-hunting, no trapping, no harassment’ policy will be strictly enforced.

• Trading of wild animals or birds by project personnel will also be prohibited.

• Wildlife protection rules will be included in the Camp Rules.


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Socioeconomic and Cultural

Social impact assessment and analysis techniques were employed during the field

survey and community consultation sessions to identify the potential socioeconomic

and cultural impact of the proposed project, and the impact of related project

activities on the area and its people. The effects identified were screened, and their

relevance determined through a review of baseline data and a thorough study of

project activities and processes.

Mitigation Measures

Locals will be employed based on the following criteria;

• The employment process will be transparent, fair and open

• Local people from villages closest to the project site (and therefore the most

likely to be affected by project activities) will be given preference.

Health Impacts

People from the project area regularly travel to other cities, and thus cannot be

considered isolated from the rest of the country. They are regularly exposed to

illnesses common to urban populations, and have similar levels of immunity

Mitigation Measures

The crew will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be

screened for communicable diseases. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead

to an epidemic of any sort among local communities

Safety

The drill rig, flare pit and residential camp will be fenced off, and will therefore not

endanger local people. The only safety issue is that of traffic, especially as it leaves

the rig and campsite, and merges into Sanghar road traffic. To reduce the hazard, the

following mitigation measures will be implemented:

� A stop sign will be put up on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.

� A speed breaker will be constructed on the access road where it meets Sanghar

road.

� The speed limit for the access road will be 30 km/h.


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Interactions with Communities and Mobility of Women

There is expected to be very little interaction between crews and local communities,

expect for the local people who are hired for the project

Mitigation Measures

OGDCL will strive to maintain contact with major stakeholders, particularly local

communities, through all stages of project implementation. This is necessary to

engender a sense of community in the project proponents and to ensure that the

community’s concerns are responded to at every stage

Cultural, Infrastructure and Archaeological Resources

It is possible that the project may damage structures, such as archaeological sites,

houses, water wells and canals and water courses, owned and used by local people.

No known sites of archeological or cultural value are known to exist near the

proposed well site or along the access road

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the area’s

cultural resources and infrastructure:

• All graveyards and shrines and other cultural sites in the vicinity of the project

area will be identified before the survey.

• Communication will be established with the local spiritual leader and the

communities to explain about the activities near the sites

Availability of Drinking Water

The water during the construction activity will be required for the domestic water

consumption at the construction camp and for the construction activities including

sprinkling of water for dust suppression. It is estimated that peak water requirement

during construction phase will be 400 m3/day. Water will be obtained from bores

which are planed to meet the water requirements.

Mitigation

Following mitigation measures should be incorporated to minimise any impacts;

• Water will only be abstracted from canal after proper approval from the

concerned departments.

• Water conservation programme will be initiated to prevent wastage of water.


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• Water, if extracted from the project area, will only be extracted from the deep

aquifer.

• No existing community wells will be used to meet the project’s water

requirement.

• New wells for the project activities will be installed 500 m away from any

water body and community well, if technically feasible

Communities’ Grievances

A framework for addressing community grievances in the context of the project is

necessary. OGDCL will address all community grievances in order to avoid

conflict between the company and the local communities.

Mitigation Measures

All the grievances of the communities (men and women) will be addressed through

social complaint register as well as through continuous contact with the

communities in a culturally sensitive manner. Specifically, OGDCL will create a

system to register and manager social complaints against the company. All

complaints, raised by anyone in the community and communicated by any means,

will be recorded. One senior staff member will be designated as the manager of the

system. Once recorded, the complaint will be screened by the manager and genuine

cases identified. The screening will be done on the basis of preset criteria, which

may be in the form of simple check list. If it is determined that no action is

required, the decision and its justification will be recorded. If it is determined that

no action is required, the responsibility and the target completion date will also be

recorded. Alternatively, an investigation may be carried out. The decision of the

company on any issue will always be communicated back to the complainant. All

complaints recorded in the system will be periodically reviewed in a high-level

meeting or by a nominated committee


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), a public sector company

in Pakistan, is developing Sinjhoro field as part of its oil and gas exploration

programme.

The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province

in lower Indus basin. To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro

concession. The main reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation

in the area.

OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint

partners (OGDCL, OPI, and GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field

and gas processing and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The

facilities shall be set-up adjacent to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro

processing plant is located at distance of about 8 km from Sanghar.

Sinjhoro well fluids will be processed at Sinjhoro processing plant by relocating

the ex-Dhodak plant with the installation of some new units i-e Amine units,

Compressors etc. The sales gas will be transported from Sinjhoro plant to Bobi Oil

complex where 12” dia pipeline for transportation of Bobi and Sinjhoro sales gas

is already available. The sales gas will be transported to SSGC Tando Adam

injection point through this existing 12” dia 43 km line. The Bobi field/LPG plant

is located about 35 km from Sinjhoro.

Sinjhoro @ (26°1'48"N 68°47'59"E) is a small city in Sanghar District, Sindh,

Pakistan about 12 km from Sanghar city, along Sanghar-Shahdad Pur Road.

Sinjhoro is Headquarter of Taluka Municipal Administration Sinjhoro, with a

Mukhtiarkar seated for revenue matters since the British Era. The town is

connected with Nawabshah through NWG railways network but the system is now

out of order. This railway line is called Raja Ji Gadi in native Sindhi language.

The population belongs to Sindhi, Punjabi and Urdu speaking community.

1.2 Need for the EIA study

The identification, assessment and management of environmental effects have

become an integral part of development planning in the last two decades. An

impact on the environment is defined as any incremental change in the

biophysical and/or social environment caused by or directly related to a former,

on-going, or proposed activity.


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Environmental Examination or Assessment is mandatory according to the

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA-97), clause 12 (1), it is

required that the proponent of any development project will have to submit Initial

Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Report to the Federal Agency to obtain its approval prior to start of construction

and operation of the project. In order to address the potential environmental

impacts, environmental impact assessment (EIA) was carried out, to define the

project’s environmental dimensions and to identify the measures needed to

prevent the project from causing ecological damage if any revealed and

generating social costs.

The site was selected on the basis of critical analysis of alternatives and economic

suitability and sustainability of the environment at large.

This study serves the purpose of documentation and incorporation of

environmental concerns and requirements at the conceptual and feasibility stages

of the project. (in accordance with the "Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas,

Government of Pakistan 1997"). The project process was scrutinized for all the

possible environmental issues and respective impacts. Mitigation measures have

been proposed to comply with the environmental concerns and to eliminate the

possibilities of any impact on the ecology. EIA also proposes an Environmental

Monitoring Program for ensuring that the project would remain environmentally

sound through out its operation.

1.3 Project Profile

1.3.1 Project Need Identification

The oil and gas is the vital requirement for any country’s development. OGDCL is

Pakistan’s largest oil exploration and production company. As of March 1, 2003

OGDCL had drilled 175 exploratory wells and 229 development wells. OGDCL’s

annual sales for the year 2003 are 25,800 barrels of oil per day, 817 million cubic

feet per day of gas, 247 metric tons per day of LPG and 44 metric tons per day of

sulphur. The company’s remaining proven plus probable reserves as of June 30,

2003 comprised 9.228 trillion cubic feet of gas and 162.5 million barrels of oil.

The Sinjhoro field with estimated oil/condensate reserves of around 7.21

MMBBL and gas reserves of around 118.2 BCF.

1.3.2 Scope of EIA study

For the EIA study, the scope of work was as under:

• Description of physical, environmental, socio-economic, and ecological

conditions in and around the proposed facility


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• Project impact identification, prediction and significance at all stages of the

project including planning, implementation and operation

• Identification and assessment of the workability of mitigation measures to

offset or minimize negative project impacts on environment

• Identification of occupational hazards during all stages of the project and

laying down suggestions for improvement in the conditions

1.4 Objectives of the EIA study

The main objectives of the EIA study were:

• To determine and document the state of the environment of the project area

to establish a baseline in order to assess the impact of implementation of the

proposed project

• Provide assistance to the proponent for planning, designing and

implementing the project in a way that would eliminate or minimize the

negative impact on the biophysical and socio-economic environment and

maximizing the benefits to all parties in the most cost effective manner

• To provide opportunity to the public for understanding the project and its

impact on the community and their environment in the context of sustainable

development.

• To provide support to decision makers to take informed decisions.

1.5 Proponent

Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited is the Main Proponent of the

Sinjhoro Oil/gas Field Development Project

The proponent as given below and the project team as provided in table 1.2;

Proponent :

Oil & Gas Development Company Ltd.

OGDCL House, Jinnah Avenue,

Blue Area, Islamabad

Consultant :

SHAHZAD INTERNATIONAL

House no. 15, Nazimud din road,

F 10/4 Islamabad.

1.6 Approach and Methodology

1.6.1 Approach

Environmental Impact Assessment was conducted keeping in view the legal

framework of the Federal and Provincial Governments of Pakistan. Under the

legal frame, the proposed project was reviewed under the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act, 1997, Pakistan Environmental Assessment

Procedures (http://www.environment.gov.pk/info.htm) – Pakistan


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Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), and national and international

assessment guidelines.

Relevant secondary information available with the project on the physical,

technical and institutional aspects of the project was collected and utilized as a

baseline. Secondary information was also collected from relevant departments

to establish physical, socio-economic and environmental profile of the study

area. Information was scrutinized and information gaps were identified. On the

basis of gap analysis, methodology for primary data collection was developed.

The collected data was collated and compiled in an analytical framework. On

the basis of secondary and primary data analysis environmental aspects and

impacts were determined for the implementation phases of the Sinjhoro

processing plant near village Sinjhoro.

1.6.2 Inception Activities

Meetings and discussions were held with the key officials of the project team. This

activity was aimed at achieving a common ground of understanding of various

issues of the study.

The project team assembled and project activities were planned for timely and

effective completion. A kick off meeting was held on 22 June 2011 between

Shahzad International and the OGDCL to finalize the study approach and

methodology. Concerns and suggestions voiced by the client were noted and

addressed in the EIA report.

1.6.3 Identification and Assessment of Impacts

Environmental impacts resulting from the project activities were predicted using

the information gained regarding the area, its sensitivities, the proposed activity,

expert’s judgment and experience of the effects resulting from similar schemes

elsewhere. The significance of all impacts was assessed with reference to

established criteria and standards.

1.7 Methodology

The present study during the month of June – July 2011 was carried out. The

methodology of EIA used is in accordance with the PEPA guidelines in order to

consider the ecologically sensitive area and address it in a well defined manner

(See Section 3 for further detail).


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1.7.1 Project Planning and Assembling Project Team

The detailed planning of the assignment amongst the members of the team was

prepared and detailed work assignments were given to all the team members.

Careful planning was done to ensure effective resource management and timely

completion of the EIA throughout the period of association.

1.7.2 Site visits

The objective of this task was to obtain the maximum possible information

regarding environmental conditions in the area proposed for the Oil and Gas

Field, to this end only secondary data was used.

During the site visit on 23 June, 2011, baseline data regarding the physical,

biological and socio economic environment of the area was collected, including

information regarding the: geology, hydrology, meteorology, flora and fauna,

samples of air, water and soil were taken as well

1.7.3 Review of Legislative Requirements

The objective of this task was to obtain information on all legislation’s

pertaining to the establishment of the proposed oil and gas field development

project, this was reviewed and a synopsis prepared of all relevant laws to be

included in the study. The consultants first reviewed the corporate

environmental policies and the clients objectives, reviewed all oil and gas field

development specific relevant national, international and provincial laws and

guidelines.

1.7.4 Collection of baseline Data

The objective of this task was to establish the background environmental

conditions of the project area. This included but not limited to topography,

geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, climate, flora and fauna, socio-economic

conditions, archaeology, present infrastructure and future proposed development

plans for the project area. Information describing the existing environment was

gathered from various sources including the client, statutory bodies, and local

interest groups and published work.

This task was broken down into the following sub-tasks for ease of

implementation:

Primary Data Collection

The proposed plant is located in a degraded piece of land and rural area of

village Chak no. 6, 4 and 10 on the left Bank of Nara Canal. Primary data was

collected only for the parameters identified in the gap analysis. Four different


6

types of teams were formed for covering the geological, biological, socio-

economic and environmental profile of the area. Digital cameras were provided

to each team.

Flora of the Area

Methodology used for the collection of the primary data was based on field

survey of the study area, conducted for five consecutive days. Local people were

met during the survey; they were enquired about the role and presence of nearby

forest / riverine forest area.

Fauna of the Area

Wildlife species were recorded by studying walking transects of variable length

depending on nature of terrain from dawn to dusk for four days. All direct and

indirect clues for the presences of wildlife species were noted as:

• Calls, song birds

• Footprints of animals

• Hair and skeletons

Baseline Conditions

For the baseline condition establishment, visual observations were recorded in

the data matrix. The potential locations for the analysis of following parameters

were identified:

• Ambient air quality

• Surface and groundwater quality

• Noise level

• Soil quality

Secondary Data Collection

In this step, secondary information about physical, technical, and environmental

parameters available with the OGDCL and Shahzad International was reviewed.

Additional data was collected from following concerned departments:

• Sui Southern Gas Company- Karachi

• Sindh Wildlife Department-Sukkur

• Department of Fisheries-Sukkur

• Department of Forestry-Sukkur

• District Government Office-Sukkur

• Tehsil Municipal Administration – Sanghar

• Irrigation Department - Sukkur

• Environmental Protection Agency-Hyderabad

• Union Council

• Local individual(s)


7

1.7.5 Meetings with Stakeholders

In order to gain a clear understanding of issues sensitive to the area, and to obtain

maximum knowledge regarding the environment of the area, stakeholders were

contacted and focused group discussions were held with them to appraise them

with the proposed project and to clarify the issues. The views of the individuals /

organizations were recorded and taken into account for impact analysis.

1.7.6 Environmental Impact Assessment

This was a main task of the study and intended to identify all possible adverse

environmental impacts that might result from establishment of the proposed oil

and gas field development project, and assessed the severity of these impacts.

Mitigation measures would also developed for impacts of moderate or high

severity, if any. The following sub tasks were undertaken;

Identification of Impacts: The objective of this task was to systematically

consider the likely or possible significant impacts on the environment arising from

establishment of the proposed development project, and to assess the risks

associated with these impacts. As such information were collected as part of the

previous tasks, analyzed collectively for validity and objectivity before identifying

the impacts. The identification of impacts was a key activity in the environmental

impact assessment process, which was done based on the professional judgment of

our experienced team supported by national and international guidelines.

Evaluation of Impacts: The objective of this task was to evaluate the

significance of each impact identified in the preceding sub-task in terms of its

severity and the likelihood of its occurrence. The assessment of severity would

consider the nature, magnitude, extent and location, timing and duration and

reversibility of the potential impact. Likelihood or probability of occurrence

would be assessed in a qualitative manner. The significance of the impacts

would then be assessed in terms of the effects on the natural ecosystem, level of

public concern and conformance with legislative or statutory requirements. The

impact evaluation process would prioritise each potential impact; screen out

insignificant or inconsequential impacts and forms the basis for the development

of the environmental mitigation and monitoring programme for all significant

impacts.

Review of Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Project Components:

Review of the project was carried out with the objective to determine the

potential impacts of the project on the ecology and socioeconomic conditions of

the area. For the review, primary & secondary data, and produced data maps

were analyzed.


8

Following elements of the project were reviewed and compared with the existing

condition of the area:

• Impacts of project operation, activities and rehabilitation services on physical

and ecological environment of the area.

• Impacts of externalities due to project operation, activities and rehabilitation

services on physical and ecological environment of the area

• Impacts of the project activities on socioeconomic environment.

The significance for the severity of the impacts was evaluated by applying the

following procedure;

Table 1.1: Severity of impacts

*ABC= Environmental Issue / Concern, which is notional in this table.

1 = No impact, 2 = Minor, 3 = Moderate, 4 = Significant, 5 = Severe impact

Possible environmental issues that could arise in future by the project activities

and their management plan are described in the proceeding section. The

management plan is devised in accordance with the significance score of the

particular issue.

Identification of Mitigation Measures: The objective of this task was to identify

practices, technologies or activities that would prevent or minimize all significant

environmental impacts and propose physical and procedural controls to ensure

that mitigation is effective. On the basis of the impact evaluation performed in the

previous two tasks, changes or improved practices would be suggested, where

practical, in the planned activities, to prevent and control unacceptable adverse

impacts resulting from normal or extreme events. An outline program for

emergency response and reporting would be developed. Monitoring requirements

would be defined and institutional arrangements for monitoring would be

suggested.

S

#

Issue /

Activity

Severity of Impact on Significance

Score Air Water Land Eco-

system

Socio-

economic

Health

&

safety

ABC* 3 5 1 4 2 3 18


9

1.8 Draft report

Draft EIA Report was prepared under the guidelines issued by the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency and being submitted to the EPA, Sindh.

1.9 Final Report

After the public hearing session, the comments from Stakeholders on EIA report will

be incorporated, and final report will be prepared and submitted to the ODGCL for

onward submission to EPA, Sindh.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report presents the findings and compiles

all the information into one document that would include:

• Methodology for undertaking the EIA study

• Governing legislation and statutory requirements

• Description of the proposed oil and gas field development project

• Information relating to the background environmental conditions in the area

• Identification of environmental impacts

• Evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts

• Recommended mitigation measures monitoring requirements

1.10 Public Hearing

A public hearing meeting will be organized for addressing the findings of EIA report

and incorporating the views / concerns of the stakeholders through a participatory

approach.

1.11 Structure of the report

Executive Summary: summarizes the key findings, mitigations and recommended

actions.

Section 1 "Introduction" briefly presents the background of the Sinhoro field

development Project, and its need and objectives as well as the need for the EIA

study. This section also includes "Approach and Methodology" which describes

the overall philosophy of the study, and the methods used in conducting the study

and developing and presenting the Report.

Section 2 "Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework" describes the overall

governance framework within which this EIA is carried out. It also identifies

relevant international environmental agreements to which the country is a party.


10

Section 3 "Project Description" furnishes information about the location of the

proposed project, cost and size of the project, and its major components.

Section 4 "Environmental and Social Baseline" establishes baseline conditions

for the physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural conditions prevalent in

the project area.

Section 5 "Stakeholder Consultation & Analysis of Alternatives" defines the

stakeholder consultation and discusses different alternatives considered for the

proposed project to arrive at the preferred alternative for detailed environmental

assessment.

Section 6 "Environmental Impacts Analysis & Mitigation Measures" assesses

and specifies the impacts of the proposed Project in the construction and

operational stages. It also suggests the measures to reduce/eliminate the potential

adverse impacts of the Project on different environmental conditions and resources,

mainly biodiversity, wildlife, landscape, as well as socio-economic conditions of

the people.

Section 7 "Environmental Management Programme" suggests mitigation

measures for the negative impacts and defines the responsibilities of the key

players and other stakeholders regarding the mitigation actions and monitoring;

identifies training requirements of relevant workforce and staff at different levels;

specifies supervision and monitoring mechanisms and parameters to ensure that all

suggested mitigation measures and actions are effectively implemented.

OGDCL has engaged Shahzad International to conduct an Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed Sinjhoro Field Development Project, as

it is a requirement of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997.


11

Table 1.2: Project team

S.

#

Name Qualification Role / Experience

1. Dr. Maqsood Anwar PhD, Wildlife Biology Senior Wildlife Biologist / 20 years

experience managing projects on

wildlife ecology

2. Mr. Inayat Ullah M.Phil, Zoology Zoologist/ 7 years experience of

collecting zoology related data and

carrying out EIA studies.

3. Mr. Imran Malik

M.Sc. Botany Botanist /More than 6 years of

experience in collecting botany

related data for EIA/IEE

4. Mr. Mohammad Ali

Mirza

M.Sc. Geology Geo-environmentalist /hydrologist

more than 10 years of experience in

conducting EIA/IEE

5. Mr. Rana Faheem MBA EHS Manager/more than 10 years

of experience in carrying out

EIA/IEE

6. Mr. Rashid Ali

Wallana

MA Social Work Sociologist .8 years of experience in

conducting social assessments for

various projects

7. Harmain Rukh MS Environmental

science

Environment Analyst. 2 years of

experience in EIA/IEE

8. Ms. Ambreen MA Sociology Research Assistant- Socio-

economic. Assisted many socio

economic assessment having 4

years of experience

9. Ms. Ayesha Aftab

Butt

MS Environmental

science

Environment officer ,UNIDO 3

YEAR experience.

Environment Consultant 1 year .

10. Mr. Irfan Akbar

Matric Field Assistant / 8 year experience

in collecting samples.


12

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS

2.1 General

This section deals with the relevant international agreements ratified by the

Government of Pakistan, environmental policies of the Government of Pakistan

and the World Bank. Legal, regulatory and administrative frameworks instituted

by the Government of Pakistan for the protection of environment are also

described. All the relevant provisions of these policy and legal frameworks have

been duly considered in this EIA study.

In addition to this, the roles and responsibilities of the proponent as well as the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Sindh have been covered in this

section.

2.2 International Obligations / Agreements

2.2.1 United Nations Agenda 21

The Government of Pakistan is a signatory to the Agenda 21 since 1992. The

Principle 17 of the United Nations' Agenda 21 established that EIA as a national

instrument shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have

significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of

competent national authority.

2.2.2 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international agreement

adopted at the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992 and was signed by more

than 150 government leaders. The Convention is now one of the most widely

ratified international treaties on environmental issues, with 188 member countries

including Pakistan. It has three main objectives:

• To conserve biological diversity

• To use its components in a sustainable way

• To share fairly and equitably the benefits arising from the use of genetic

resources.

The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed by Pakistan in 1992 and ratified

by the Cabinet on 26 July, 1994. The Article 14 of the CBD specifically requires

environmental impact assessments (EIAs) to consider impacts on biodiversity.

Although ecological assessment is an integral component of EIA; but explicit

treatment of biodiversity impacts in power plant EIA is also important.


13

2.2.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCC) was

negotiated in a little over two years and concluded at the 1992 UN Conference on

Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. It concentrates on

controlling the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane.

It is aimed at stabilizing changes in the climate to prevent global warming and a

rise in sea level. Change in climate influences the ecology, which in turn also

influences what the country cultivates and exports, and hence its balance-of-

payments position. Under this convention the developed countries will make

provisions of funding and technology to the developing countries to reduce such

emissions.

More than 175 states including Pakistan have now ratified the Convention and so

are legally bound by it. The treaty came into force on 21 March 1994 and Cabinet

of the Government of Pakistan ratified it on 26 July, 1994.

2.2.4 Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is a supplementary treaty to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change adopted in 1997 by 173 countries, which are

members to it. Pakistan has ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 11th January, 2005. The

Kyoto accord obligates 30 of the world's developed nations to reduce their output

of heat-trapping gases produced by industry, automobiles and power plants that

contribute to global warming, also known as climate change.

2.3 International Guidelines

World Bank Guidelines on Environment:

The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental guidelines are

listed below;

• Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, DC, USA.

World Bank 1999.

• Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and

Cross-Sectoral Issues.

• World Bank Technical Paper Number 139, Environment Department, the

World Bank, 1991.

• Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines for

Environmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects.

• World Bank Technical Paper No. 154, Environment Department, the World

Bank, 1991.

• Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines, International Finance

Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group, 2008.


14

The first two publications listed here provide general guidelines for the conduct of

an EIA, and address the EIA practitioners themselves as well as project designers.

While the Sourcebook in particular has been designed with Bank projects in mind,

and is especially relevant for the impact assessment of large-scale infrastructure

projects, it contains a wealth of information which is useful to environmentalists

and project proponents.

The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, which should be

addressed during impact assessment. It sets out guidelines for the determination of

impacts, provides a checklist of tools to identify possible biodiversity issues and

suggests possible mitigation measures. Possible development project impacts on

wild lands, wetlands, forests etc. are also identified and mitigation measures

suggested. The Sourcebook also highlights concerns in social impact assessment.

The EHS guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-

specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). These guidelines

contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be

achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application

of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-

specific targets, based on environmental assessments and/or environmental audits

as appropriate, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them.

The issues not discussed in this guideline have been provided in the General EHS guidelines published by the IFC.

Furthermore emissions should not result in pollutant concentrations that reach or

exceed relevant ambient quality guidelines and standards by applying national

legislated standards (i.e. NEQS), or in their absence, the current WHO Air Quality

Guidelines, or other internationally recognized sources. The NEQS ambient air

quality standards are provided in table 2.2 .Industrial gaseous emission guidelines

are given in Annexure B. The WHO ambient air quality guidelines are provided in

Table 2.4.

The working environment should be monitored for occupational hazards relevant to

the specific project. Monitoring should be designed and implemented by accredited

professionals as part of an occupational health and safety monitoring program.

Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and

dangerous occurrences and accidents. Table 2.5 presents the WHO guideline values

for community noise in specific environments.


15

The International Finance Company (IFC) Performance Standards:

International Finance Company (IFC) applies the Performance Standards to

manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development

opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries eligible for

financing. Together, the eight Performance Standards establish standards that the

client is to meet throughout the life of an investment by IFC or other relevant

financial institution:

Performance Standard 1: Social and Environmental Assessment and

Management System

Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions

Performance Standard 3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement

Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety and Security

Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural

Resource Management

Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples

Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage

2.4 Policy Framework

The Ministry of Environment is the responsible authority for policy making on

environmental protection in Pakistan.

2.4.1 National Environment Policy, 2005

In March, 2005 Government of Pakistan launched its National Environmental

Policy, which provides an overarching framework for addressing the environmental

issues. Section 5 of the policy commits for integrating environment into

development planning as instrument for achieving the objectives of National

Environmental Policy. It further states in clause (b) of subsection 5.1 that EIA

related provisions of Environmental Protection Act of 1997 will be diligently

enforced for all development projects.

2.4.2 National Resettlement Policy (Draft)

Following a national consultative process, a national resettlement policy was

drafted. The draft policy has been reviewed by the provinces, but has yet to be

approved and notified by the government. The draft policy is consistent with the

requirements of the World Bank's OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement.

The salient features of the Draft National Resettlement Policy are given below:

• The Pak-EPA will be responsible for both environment-related as well as

resettlement-related matters.


16

• The responsibilities for implementation at the federal level will be delegated

to the federal agency responsible for the implementation of the project; the

agency is also required to liaise closely with the government of the province

where the project is being implemented.

• The responsibilities for implementation at a provincial are to be delegated to

the provincial EPAs concerned with overall control under the planning and

development (P&D) departments.

• A resettlement action plan (RAP) will be required when the displaced

population exceeds 200.

• All categories of 'loss' arising from development projects that entail

resettlement, need to be addressed; these include not only loss of land, built-up

property, other infrastructure, and crops and trees, but also loss of income, job

opportunities, and access to natural resources, etc.

• Vulnerable groups whose issues need to be addressed in particular include:

women, children, destitute persons, tribal communities, squatters, those with

usufruct rights, and landless groups.

• There should be a particular emphasis on consultation with affected

groups when preparing a RAP.

2.5 Legal Framework

The Government of Pakistan (GoP) has promulgated laws / acts, regulations and

standards for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the

environment. In addition to this, they have also developed environmental

assessment procedures governing developmental projects. Following are the

excerpts of these laws and procedures relevant to the proposed Project;

2.5.1 Federal Laws

i) Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

The Act was promulgated on December 06, 1997 by repealing the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Ordinance of 1983. Section 12 of the Act provides for

environmental assessment study: Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) and

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to commencement of construction

or operation of a project.

ii) Project Implementation and Resettlement of Affected Persons Ordinance

(draft)

In order to provide legislative support to National Resettlement Policy,

Government of Pakistan has also drafted Project Implementation and Resettlement


17

of Affected Persons Ordinance but has not yet promulgated. The provisions of this

draft ordinance are consistent with the requirements of the World Bank's OP 4.12

on involuntary resettlement. After becoming law, these provisions will apply

when addressing the resettlement issues that arise in the project.

iii) Cutting of Trees (Prohibition) Act, 1975

This Act prohibits cutting or chopping of trees without permission of the Forest

Department.

iv) The Antiquities Act, 1975

Archaeological sites and monuments are specifically protected by this Act.

v) Land Acquisition Act, 1894

The Land Acquisition Act (1894) deals with the acquisition of private properties

for public purposes including large development projects like major roads. There

are 55 sections in this Act mainly dealing with area notifications, surveys,

acquisition, compensation, apportionment awards, disputes resolution, penalties

and exemptions.

vi) Canal and Drainage Act, 1873

This Act entails provisions for the prevention of pollution of natural or man-made

water bodies.

vii) Pakistan Penal Code, 1860

This Act defines the penalties for violations concerning pollution of air, water

bodies and land.

viii) Explosives Act, 1884

Under the Explosives Act, 1884, the project contractors are bound by regulations

on handling, transportation and using explosives during quarrying, blasting, and

other purposes.

ix) Highways Safety Ordinance, 2000

This ordinance includes provisions for the licensing and registration of vehicles

and construction equipment; maintenance of road vehicles; traffic control,

offences, penalties and procedures; and the establishment of a police force for

motorways and national highways charged with regulating and controlling traffic

on the national highways, and keeping the highways clear of encroachments.


18

x) Hazardous Substance Rules, 2003 (Draft)

Section 14 of the PEPA 1997 requires that “no person shall generate, collect,

consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or import any hazardous

substance except

(a) Under a license issued by the Federal Agency and in such manner as may be

prescribed; or

(b) In accordance with the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, or

of any international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard, agreement or

other instrument to which Pakistan is a party.” Pak-EPA has drafted the

Hazardous Substance Rules to implement the licensing requirement. The rules are

still in their draft form and are pending notification.

2.5.2 Provincial Laws

i) The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972

The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 empowers the government to

declare certain areas reserved for the protection of wildlife and control activities

within these areas. It also provides protection to endangered species of wildlife.

As no activities are planned in declared protected areas, no provision of this law is

applicable to the proposed project.

ii) The Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980

The Sindh Fisheries Ordinance, 1980 regulates fishing in the public waters,

including the coastal areas, of Sindh. It empowers the government of Sindh to

issue licenses for fishing in public waters, put restriction on the type of equipment

that can be used for fishing, restrict fishing in certain areas or of certain species of

fish, regulate the onshore trade of fish catch, and regulate the fish processing

industry.

Article 8 of the Ordinance prohibits the discharge of wastewater to public waters

without the consent of the Director Fisheries. A copy of the EIA report will be

sent to the Director Fisheries, Government of Sindh for his consent when the

report is submitted to the SEPA for environmental approval.

iii) The Forest Act, 1927

The Forest Act, 1927 empowers the government to declare certain areas reserved

forest. As no reserved forest exists in the vicinity of the proposed project, the

provisions of this law are not applicable to the proposed project.


19

iv) The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994

The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 is the provincial law for the

protection of cultural heritage. Its objectives are similar to those of the Antiquity

Act, 1975. No antiquity protected under these two laws was identified in the

vicinity of the proposed project.

2.6 Regulatory Framework

i) Pakistan EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations, 2000

These regulations provide lists of the projects requiring lEE and EIA. They also

briefly describe the preparation and review of environmental reports. In

accordance with Regulation 4 of these Regulations, an EIA for the proposed

project satisfying the requirements of the Section 12 of PEPA Act of 1997 is

being submitted to Environmental Protection Department (EPA), Government of

the Sindh. The EIA report will be reviewed by the panel of experts of EPA. Later,

a public hearing will also be conducted to address the public concerns related to

proposed project. After completing codel procedures, the EPA Sindh would

accord environmental approval of the proposed project.

ii) National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council first approved these standards in

1993. They were later revised in 1995 and 2000. The National Environmental

Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 specify the following standards:

• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in municipal and liquid

industrial effluents discharged into inland waters, sewage treatment facilities,

and the sea.

• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from

industrial sources.

• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from

vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.

• Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles.

iii) Motor Vehicle Rules, 1969

Motor Vehicle Rules 1969 (MVR 1969) define powers and responsibilities of

Motor Vehicle Examiners (MVEs). The establishment of MVE inspection system

is one of the regulatory measures that can be taken to tackle the ambient air quality

problems associated with the vehicular emissions during construction /

commissioning phase.


20

iv) Regulation of Mines, Oil Fields and Mineral Development Act, 1948

This legislation provides regulatory procedures for the quarrying and mining of

construction material from state-owned as well as private land

2.7 Environmental Assessment Guidelines

2.7.1 Pak-EPA Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines, 1997

Pak-EPA has also published environmental assessment procedures and guidelines

in October, 1997, which contains the following sets of information relevant to the

proposed Project:

i) Guidelines for Public Consultation

These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and

techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all

major stakeholders and ensures that their concerns are incorporated in any impact

assessment study.

ii) Guidelines for Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and

Approval of Environmental Assessment Reports

It describes environmental policy and administrative procedures to be followed for

filing of environmental assessment reports by the proponents and its review and

approval by the concerned environmental protection agency/department. The

section on administrative procedures has been superseded by the IEE-EIA

Regulations, 2000.

iii) Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports

These guidelines are developed to facilitate both the proponents and decision

makers to prepare reports (inclusive of all the information contained therein) and

carry out their review so as to take informed decisions. The guidelines on the

preparation and review of environmental reports target the project proponents and

specify:

• The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports

• The minimum qualifications of the EIA conductors appointed

• The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures at every stage of project

implementation

• The need to specify monitoring procedures.


21

The terms of reference for the reports are to be prepared by the project proponents

themselves. The report must contain baseline data on the project area, detailed

assessment thereof, and mitigation measures.

2.8 Environmental Guidelines

2.8.1 Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health and Environmental Management

The Directorate General prepares these guidelines, Petroleum Concessions of the

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Government of Pakistan. These

guidelines identify the various operational health; safety and environmental factors

associated with the oil and gas exploration and production activities. It also

summarizes the clauses and articles of various rules and regulations applicable to

the oil and gas sector and that relates to the operational health, safety and

environmental aspects of these activities. These guidelines provide an insight into

the technological solutions to the operational aspects of oil and gas exploration and

production. These guidelines are extensive and fully support the recently approved

Environmental Protection Act of 1997.

2.8.2 OGDCL Environmental, Health and Safety Policy

OGDCL’s corporate environmental, health and safety policy is to abide by the

environmental, health and safety laws of Pakistan to the extent that is practical and

desirable in minimizing the generation of wastes, effluents and emissions, including

noise, through good design and practices; clean up and make safe any planned or

unplanned releases that remain; restore disturbed land and rehabilitate wild life

when abandoning a project area. (See Annexure -D)

2.9 Administrative frame work

2.9.1 Environmental Protection Agency, Sindh established PEPA, 1997

Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) is the apex inter-ministerial and

multi-stakeholders decision-making body, which is headed by the Prime Minister.

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is the regulatory body responsible

for enforcement of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. For

implementation of PEPA, 1997, the powers have been delegated to provincial

environmental protection agencies for review, approval and monitoring of

environmental assessment projects. For this proposed project, the EPA Sindh will

be responsible for reviewing the EIA report, issuing environmental approval and

post approval monitoring of the proposed project activities to ensure compliance

with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and any other condition of the

environmental approval.


22

2.9.2 Sindh Forest Department

The project implementation will not involve clearing of vegetation and trees within

the right of way. The project contractors will be responsible for acquiring a 'No

Objection Certificate' (NOC) from the Sindh Forest Department on the basis of the

approved EIA. The application for an NOC will need to be endorsed by the

OGDCL.

2.9.3 Sindh Wildlife Department (SWD)

The project site area is a piece of degraded land which has little agricultural

practicing fields in its surroundings. The area is quite far from the Indus Dolphin

Reserve, Takkar Wildlife Sanctuary and Nara Wildlife Sanctuary. Although the area

has no wildlife concerns but it would be appropriate if Sindh Wildlife Department is

taken on board and notified of the mitigation measures suggested in EIA to

minimize the impact.

2.9.4 Regional Environment Office

Environment Protection Agency in Sindh has its regional offices in the province

Sindh. The Regional Environment Offices have been established to perform the

following functions:

• To ensure, guide and assist the proponents of new projects in submission of

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/ Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) to the Director General, EPA for approval;

• To ensure implementation of environmental protection and preservation

measures in all development projects at the district level and to sensitize

government agencies on environmental issues;

• To identify the needs for legislation in various sectors of the environmental

matters;

• To provide information and guidance to the public on environment;

• To regulate motor vehicles subject to the provisions of the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and the rules and regulations made

there-under.

• To encourage the formation and working of non-governmental organizations,

to prevent and combat pollution and promote sustainable development; and

• To undertake regular monitoring of projects and to submit progress reports to

the DG, EPA for publication in the annual Report

The project will fall in the jurisdiction of Regional Environment Office Sukkur

which is responsible for regular monitoring of the project.


23

Table 2.1: NEQS for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents Discharged to

Inland Waters (mg/l, unless otherwise defined)

Serial

no.

Parameters Standards

1 Temperature increase a ≤ 3 °C

2 pH value 6-9

3 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)5 at 20 C b 80

4 Chemical oxygen demand (COD)b 150

5 Total suspended solids (TSS) 200

6 Total dissolved solids (TDS) 3,500

7 Grease and oil 10

8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1

9 Chloride (as Cl–) 1,000

10 Fluoride (as F–) 10

11 Cyanide (as CN–) total 1.0

12 Anionic detergents (as MBAs)c 20

13 Sulfate (SO–) 600

14 Sulfide (S–) 1.0

15 Ammonia (NH3) 40

16 Pesticides d 0.15

17 Cadmium e 0.1

18 Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent)d 1.0

19 Copper e 1.0

20 Lead e 0.5

21 Mercury e 0.01

22 Selenium e 0.5

23 Nickel e 1.0

24 Silver e 1.0

25 Total toxic metals 2.0

26 Zinc 5.0

27 Arsenic e 1.0

28 Bariume 1.5

29 Iron 8.0

30 Manganese 1.5

31 Boron e 6.0

32 Chlorine 1.0

Explanations a The effluent should not result in a temperature increase of more than 3 °C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the discharge point.


24

b Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge; lower ratio would attract progressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1:10 dilution means that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 cubic meters of water for the dilution of this effluent.

c Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulfate; assuming surfactant as biodegradable.

d Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.

e Subject to total toxic metal discharge should not exceed level given at Sr. No. 25.

Notes: 1. Dilution of liquid effluents by mixing them with fresh water to bring them to the NEQS limiting values before discharging to the environment is not permissible. 2. The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the effluent for calculating the NEQS limits.


25

Table 2.2: Proposed National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air (Draft)

Pollutants Time-weighted

Average

Concentration in Ambient Air Method of

Measurement Effective from

1st January

2009

Effective from

1st January

2012

Sulpher Dioxide (So2)

Annual Average*

80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Ultra Violet Fluorescence method 24 hours** 120 µg/m 3 120 µg/m 3

Oxide of Nitrogen as (NO)

Annual Average*

40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemiluminescence

24 hours** 40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3

Oxide of Nitrogen as (NO2)

Annual Average*

40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemiluminescence

24 hours** 80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3

O3 1 hour 180 µg/m3 130 µg/m3 Non dispersive UV absorption method

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Annual Average*

400 µg/m3 360 µg/m3 -High Volume Sampling, (Average flow rate not less than 1.1 m3/min)

24 hours** 550 µg/m3 500 µg/m3

Respirable particulate Matter. PM 10

Annual Average*

200 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 -β Ray Absorption method 24 hours** 250 µg/m3 150 µg/m3

Respirable Particulate Matter. PM 2.5

Annual Average*

25 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 -β Ray Absorption method

24 hours** 40 µg/m3 35 µg/m3

1 hour 25 µg/m3 15 µg/m3

Lead (Pb) Annual Average*

1.5 µg/m3 1 µg/m3 ASS Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter paper

24 hours** 2 µg/m3 1.5 µg/m3

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

8 hours** 5 mg/m3 5 mg/m3 Non Dispersive Infra method 1 hour 10 mg/m3 10 mg/m3

*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 instruments in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval **24 hourly /8 hourly values should be met 98% of the in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.


26

Table 2.3: Proposed NEQS for Noise (Draft)9

No. Category of

Area/Zone

Effective from

1st January, 2009

Effective from

1st January, 2010

Limit in dB(A) Leq9

Day Time10

Night Time11

Day Time Night Time

1. Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45

2. Commercial area (B) 70 60 65 55

3. Industrial area (C ) 80 75 75 65

4. Silence Zone (D )12 55 45 50 45

9 Time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. 10 Day time hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 11 Night time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. 12 Silence zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned catefores y the competent authority.


27

Table 2.4: WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines

Pollutants Averaging time Guideline value in µg/m3 2sdf

Sulfur dioxide SO2

24-hour 125 (Interima target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline)

10 minute 500 (guideline) Nitrogen dioxide NO2

1-year 40 (guideline)

1-hour 200 (guideline)

Particulate Matter PM10

1-year 70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline)

24-hour 150 (Interim target-1 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline)

Particulate Matter PM2.5

1-year 35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline)

24-hours 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline)

a. Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines


28

Table 2.5: WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments

Specific Environment LAeq

(dB)

Averaging Time

(hours)

LAmax,

Fast (dB)

Outdoor living area 55 16 _

Dwelling (indoors) 35 16 _

School classrooms (indoors)

35 During class

Hospital, ward rooms, nighttime (indoors)

30 8 40

Industrial, commercial, shopping and traffic areas (indoors and outdoors)

70 24 110

Table 2.6: World Bank Recommended Noise Levels

Specific

Environment

Maximum Allowable Log Equivalent

(Hourly Measurements), in dB(A)

Day (7:00-22:00) Night (22:00-7:00)

Residential,

institutional,

educational

55 45

Industrial,

commercial

70 70


29

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 General

The Sinjhoro field is located about 65 km NE of Hyderabad city of Sindh province in

lower Indus basin. To date OGDCL has discovered 15 wells in the Sinjhoro concession.

The main reservoirs are basal and massive sand lower guru formation in the area.

OGDCL is in its capacity is the operator of Sinjhoro field. OGDCL and the joint partners

(OGDCL, OPI, GHPL) intend to set-up surface facilities at the field and gas processing

and associated facilities with LPG extraction plant .The facilities shall be set-up adjacent

to Sanghar Nawabshah road. The Sinjhoro processing plant is located at distance of about

8 km from Sanghar.

Sinjhoro well fluids will be processed at Sinjhoro processing plant by relocating the ex-

Dhodak plant with the installation of some new units i-e Amine units, Compressors etc.

The sales gas will be transported from Sinjhoro plant to Bobi Oil complex where 12” dia

pipeline for transportation of Bobi and Sinjhoro sales gas is already available. The sales

gas will be transported to SSGC Tando Adam injection point through this existing 12”

dia 43 km line. The Bobi field/LPG plant is located about 35 km from Sinjhoro.

3.2 Objectives of the Project

The overall aim of the proposed Project is to develop a gas production facility with the

latest technology to cater the energy demand in Pakistan with the following objectives:

1) To set up a gas production facility

2) To supplement the gas demand by using locally available and cheap resources and

3) To ensure the sustainability of the existing environmental conditions.

3.3 System description

Gas processing is the treatment used to reduce impurities to an acceptable content or to

enhance the total gas stream value. The process is generally implemented in the order,

starting with dehydration to permit transport of the gas stream or to prepare it for natural

gas liquid (NGL) recovery. Fractionation is used to separate the NGL components and

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) consists primarily of liquefied methane from a cryogenic

process. If H2S or CO2 contaminate the gas, a gas sweetening process is used to remove


30

these contaminants prior to dehydration and NGL recovery. H2S and CO2 are called acid

gases; they form acids in the presence of water.

Sour gas is a produced gas stream (associated or non-associated) that contains acid gas

components. Acid gas disposal is the primary consideration since economic,

environmental, and safety issues all impact and frame the possible alternatives.

3.3.1 Wellhead facilities

3.3.1.1 Wells Count

Natural gas processing begins at the well head. The composition of the raw natural gas

extracted from producing wells depends on the type, depth, and location of the

underground deposit and the geology of the area. Oil and natural gas are often found

together in the same reservoir. No. of wells are 14 .Distance of wells from plant are

tabulated in Exhibit 3.1. Well mentioned at sr. no. 7 i.e. Baloch#1 in not included in

the development plan submitted to MoP & NR. (Exhibit 3.1: Distances from plant to

well)

3.3.1.2 Raw Gas Composition

The raw gas composition of the wells is given in (Exhibit 3.2: Commingled gas

composition of the Sinjhoro wells)

3.3.1.3 Production Profile

3.3.1.4 Product specification

Following product specifications have been considered for Gas, LPG and Condensate.

Sales Gas – Transmission Line:

Plant Battery Limit Pressure 1260 psig (min)

Plant Battery Limit Temperature 120 ºF (max)

Allowable Water Content 7 lb/ MMscf (max)

Dew Point at all pressures 32 ºF

Calorific Value (GHV) 950 BTU/Scf (Min)

Wobbe Number 1220 BTU/Scf (Min)


31

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG):

Minimum Vapor Pressure 70 psig at 38 °C

Maximum Vapor Pressure 159.5 psig at 38 °C

Battery Limit Pressure 203 psig

Gross Heating Value 18000 Btu/lb

95% Boiling Point 2 °C at 1 Bar

Pentane Content 2% (max.)

(* Specification of LPG product is in accordance with the Pakistan Standard 1405:

1978 and Amendment No. 1, November 1985.)

3.3.2 Processing facilities

3.3.2.1 Layout of the Project

Natural gas processing plants are used to purify the raw natural gas produced from

underground gas fields or extracted at the surface from the fluids produced from oil

wells. A fully operational plant will deliver pipeline-quality natural gas that can be

used as fuel by residential, commercial and industrial consumers. Contaminants have

been removed and heavier hydrocarbons have been captured for other commercial

uses. For economic reasons, however, some plants may be designed to yield an

intermediate product typically containing over 90% pure methane and smaller

amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sometimes ethane. This can be further

processed in downstream plants or used as feedstock for chemicals manufacturing.

3.3.2.2 Land

Total 102 acres of land has been acquired on lease.

3.3.2.3 Process Design Data

Exhibit 3.4: Flow chart of Plant utilities

3.3.2.4 Design Capacity

The design capacity of the Sinjhoro Gas Processing Plant is as follows:

• Gas 41.1 MMSCFD

• Condensate 2750 BPD

• LPG 190 TPD


32

3.3.2.5 Plant Utilities

• Gas /oil water separator and slug catcher

• Condensate stabilization

• Liquid dehydration

• Flash gas compressor

• Gas sweetening unit

• Gas dehydration unit

• Dew point control and LPG recovery unit

• De-ethanizer of gas compressor

• Refrigeration package

• Feed gas and sales compressor

• Feed gas and liquid metering

• Produced water treatment and disposal system

Further the Plant utilities also include following;

• Instrument air package

• Hot oil system

• Flare and flow down system

• Cooling water system

• Electrical power generation

• Fuel gas system

• Drain/slope blow case system

• Strom water pond and produced water tank

• Firefighting system

• LPG storage bullets

• Condensate storage tank

• LPG and condensate loading system

The products will be available after processing Sinjhoro wells fluids are as follows;

Sales gas: 25-30 MMSCFD

Condensate: 3000-3500 BPD

LPG: 120-140 MTD


33

3.3.3 Gas transport line

3.3.3.1 Field gathering system

Three phase fluid from Sinjhoro wells will be transported to Sinjhoro plant. About 14

individual spur lines from Sinjhoro field wells will carry the complete mixed flow

production to plant at about 8km from Sanghar.

3.3.3.2 Gas transportation

Treated gas from Sinjhoro plant will be transported to Bobi plant through 10” dia about

35 km sales gas transport pipeline. The sales gas from Bobi and Sinjhoro will be

transported through existing 12 dia” 43 km sales gas transport pipeline to Tando Adam

SSGC Injection point.

3.4 Development plan and Schedule

Development stages Phase – I

Partially supply of gas will be made by shifting and installation of facilities from

Dhodak Plant to Sinjhoro (Table 3.1).

Phase – II

Supply of gas will be started after installing Feed / sales Gas Compressors, Amine Unit,

Acid Gas Flare etc. Expected production given in (Table 3.2)

Phase I: Expected completion time is November 2011

Phase II: Expected completion time is March 2012

3.5 Project Feasibility and reservoir potential

IRR=214.77%

NPV @ 15%= $ 502.64 Million (US$ 347.99 after tax impact)

Pay back= 1.47 years

Recoverable Reserves

Oil / Condensate = 7.21 MMBBL


34

Gas = 118.2 BCF

3.6 Project Implementation

3.6.1 Construction Work

Plant construction works will include:

• Ground leveling;

• Temporary diesel generator power and distribution;

• Civil works preparation for CPP & Pipelines;

• Foundation preparation for plant equipment;

• Equipment/vessel laying on foundations;

• Interconnecting pipe laying and welding;

• Cleaning of vessels and equipment;

• Electrical equipment installation and connectivity;

• Instrumentation installation and connectivity;

• Plant equipment earthling;

• Safety and fire water systems installation;

• Metering skid preparation and installation at plant;

• Hydro‐testing of plant equipment and piping;

• Pre‐commissioning and testing of plant equipment;

• Chemical loading;

• Line‐up, purging and leak testing;

The offsite and other facilities construction will include:

• Security Post;

• Sewerage, septic tank;

• Water well and related piping;

• Camp and plant lighting and illumination;

• Warehouse and workshop shed preparation;

• Laboratory preparation;

• Project Operation.

3.6.2 Worksite Camps

Messing facilities and accommodation for OGDCL and consultant professionals will be

provided by OGDCL. PC contractor is responsible for the arrangement of boarding and

lodging of its professionals and all labors. However, OGDCL will only provide the land


35

for the PC Contractor’s temporary construction facilities for office, workshops and

storage facilities etc.

PC Contractor shall submit a detailed list of his personnel, vehicles, equipment, tools,

etc. record for construction activities for OGDCL’s approval. Only approved persons

and equipment, etc. shall be allowed to enter into plant area

Storage facilities for fuel, condensate, chemicals and produced water will be

constructed as per prevailing international relevant codes and standards.

The Utilities i.e. electric power and water etc. necessary for the entire construction

(erection/installation) works will be arranged by the PC Contractor.

PC contractor is responsible for the construction of facilities and all labors will

therefore be hired by them. PC contractor may hire unskilled labor like office boy,

general janitorial services etc from locals.

3.7 Waste management

a) Solid Waste

The solid waste at Sinjhoro Gas Field will primarily consist of:

• Solid waste from empty packaging/drums

• Discarded chemicals and additives and feed gas residual as Sulphur

• Discarded and unserviceable equipment

• Scrap metal and wood

• Domestic refuse

The management of solid is extremely important at Sinjhoro Gas Field Development

Project. The total quantity of sulfur recovered from the feed gas in the form of H2 S will

be around 12 metric tons per day which is based on the inlet gas H2 S concentration of

1000 ppm as specified by the OGDCL for the design of H2S Removal Plant. The

recovered H2S will be converted to SO2 and disposed off in the incinerator.

b) Liquid waste

The major source of effluent discharge in the proposed Sinjhoro Gas Field

Development Project is wastewater from the dehyderation/H2S removal plant and the

domestic liquid waste will be primarily composed of the following:


36

- Produced water from dehydration and H2S removal plant

- Lubricating oils and greases

- Liquid sanitary waste from the residential colony.

- Liquid kitchen waste

- Laundry waste

The lubricating oils and greases should be properly dumped into a waste pit,

approximately 100m long by 50m wide and 3-4m deep. The liquid waste should be

allowed to evaporate and any residual solids should be buried. The wastewater pit must

be sealed by acceptable clay or synthetic layer or any approved material to prevent

leakage. The Effluent treatment Plant will treat the wastewater coming from the

dehydration and H2S removal plant.

3.8 Fuel management

The two primary fuels used for operations are High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Gasoline

(petrol). These are required for generators, engines, accessory equipment, construction

machinery and vehicles during the construction and operation of Sinjhoro Gas Field

Development Project.

The storage and handling of fuels are major environmental concern. As a standard

practice, fuel storage tanks are placed above ground. The stored fuels are also one of the

potential hazards and require strict adherence to the safety procedures and regulations of

the OGDCL.


37

Table 3.1: Expected production (I)

Oil

1400 BPD

Gas 16 MMscfd

LPG 50-60 MTD

Table 3.2: Expected production (II)

Oil

3000-3500 BPD

Gas

25-30 MMscfd

LPG

120-140 MTD


38

Exhibit 3.1: Distances from plant to well


39

Exhibit 3.2: Commingled gas composition of the Sinjhoro wells


40

Exhibit 3.3: Flow chart of Production facility


41

Exhibit 3.4: Flow chart of Plant utilities


42

4. ENVIRONMENATAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT AREA

4.1 Data Collection Methodology

Data used to compile this section was obtained from two main sources: published

literature and field survey;

(a) Published Literature

The tasks were to review available environmental information on the Sanghar including

climate, ecological, biological socioeconomic, cultural conditions and land use. These

tasks were assisted by review of the limited environmental impact assessment obtained

from various sources.

(b) Field Survey for this Study

Field survey was conducted to collate primary data for this study. A team consisting of

an environmentalist, a sociologist and a biologist visited the project area for three days.

In order to evaluate the current status of the area, the team studied ecological, biological,

environmental, socio economic and cultural characteristics. For this purpose a list of

villages and sub villages falling within the Block (Table 4.1: Villages in the project

area) was prepared to assess the environmental impacts on population & property. The

information was collected on economic and agronomic data for the study.

Keeping in view the scope of work, nature of the study and available resources, rapid

social appraisal method was used to discover facts on the prevailing socio-economic and

cultural conditions of the project area.

The operational definition of the project area was confined to population, land use,

cropping pattern, cropping intensity, farm in put use levels, access to irrigation water,

animal, livestock, wealth and flora/fauna with detailed description of the ecology, flora

and fauna of the proposed area which is as under: Density of native vegetation cover,

estimated age of resources and minimum time required for rehabilitation, reserve forests

and other significant natural sites, plant species of commercial importance, plant / animal

species with potential to become nuisance vectors or dangerous.

Municipal Corporation Offices located at Sanghar were consulted and information was

collected on the project area. Most of the information was obtained from the people of

project area.

4.2 Village selection

The main cities near to plant area are Sanghar and Sinjhoro .Villages near to the project

area were selected for in-depth study (Table 4.1: Villages in the project area)


43

4.3 Physical Environment

The area exists without any mountain or hill. The project area can be divided into two

parts, a fertile plain area in the west and desert area in the east. The Nara canal flows

from northwest to southeast. The western plain has been formed by rich alluvial

deposits of the river Indus and is therefore a valley of plain trenched with river channels

in some places and overlain by raised beds in others. The general elevation of the plain

is about 50 meters above sea level. The eastern desert area covers north of Khipro

taluka and a portion of Sanghar taluka. Most of the area consists of barren tracks of

sand dunes covered by thorny bushes.

Topographical conditions:

In terms of Geomorphology and general topography, the project area can be divided

into three major parts with respect to moderate surface undulation, that are:-

a. Desert portion: Undulated area with wildly vegetation.

b. Chutiari dam: With thick forest, explained in proceeding Para.

c. Agricultural land: Cultivated with different seasonal crops

4.3.1 Geology

Sanghar lies in central part of lower Indus basin which form part of western passive

continental margin of Indian plate. From Paleozoic to Triassic, Indian plate was an

integral part of pangea. It was during early Jurassic that Indian plate initially began to

break up from southern Africa. However, its separation from Madagascar began in

early creataceous while it started to drift northwards in late creataceous. In early

Paleocene (60 MY) Indian plate rotated counter clockwise and raced northwards at an

accelerated pace (15-20 CM/Year). By late Eocene (40 MY) Tethys sea began to close

as initial collision between India and Eurasia began. Full scale collision came about

during mid-tertiary (about 20MY) which continues till today.

4.3.2 Soil

Originally soil of the area is made of alluvial deposits having various proportions of

sand, silt and clay at different places. When irrigated with canal water, the soil had been

partly modified through addition of sediments such as silt and at times clay. At present,

in general, the soil of the project area is sandy loam in nature. Beyond irrigation tracts

i.e. un ‐ commendable areas of the desert there were “dhars” between the sand dunes,

which were not irrigated, also there were patches of dense saline sodri hard clay loam.

The layers of soil formation were generally uniform varying in depth from 5 to 20ft.

Sand started affirming from depths varying from 6 to 16ft. Soil samples tested in the


44

field showed PH value ranging from 7.05 to 8 (Table 4.4).In all the areas surveyed old

sedimentary rocks were present in the middle of the sandy desert. The rocks had been

subjected to abrasion and now only small remnants of the rocks were seen standing

there. The soil sample analysis is given in (Table 4.4).

4.3.3 Hydro-geography

Rivers and streams

The water channels passing through the Sinjhoro area are Dim branch and Ali Jamraou

(Exhibit 4.8: Water bodies of the project area). The chemical analysis of the ground

water from the plant area along with is comparision with NEQS is given in (Table 4.2).

Dams and canals

Chutiari dam almost become dry and water with some small depth is available in

different patches. However, the dried portions of the Dam have been covered with

wildly grown thick forest of thorny bushes that bears health hazard reptiles in abundant.

Similarly, the bank sides of Nara Canals are also having the same conditions.

4.3.4 Weather and Climate

The climate is hot and dry in summer and cold and dry in winter. In summer

temperature goes up to 43’ C while in winter it goes down to 6’ C. The average annual

rainfall is about 12 millimeters. Monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature

and precipitation recorded at Nawabshah is given in (Table 4.7).

4.3.5 Ambient Air quality of the area

As part of the study, ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during the EIA

field visit in 23rd June 2011. The recent monitoring was carried out at locations within

the camp area premises in order to find the present concentration values of SO2, NOx,

CO and PM10. The air quality monitoring was carried out for 24 hours at each of these

locations at hourly interval. The values of the pollutants for short time period averages

(i.e. for 1 and 24 hour) have been provided. Detailed air quality monitoring for at least

3 – 6 months is required for determining the concentration values for longer time period

(i.e. annual ). It was observed from the results that the ambient air quality of the area is

generally good with all the concentration values of the pollutants below the guideline

values (i.e. NEQS and WHO). Results of the ambient air quality monitoring are

provided in (Table 4.5).


45

4.4 Noise

There is no continuous major source of noise in the project area. Intermittent sources

include farm tractors, farm equipment, road and rail traffic. Considering the intermittent

nature of these noise sources, it can be concluded that the noise pollution in the area is

low.

The maximum value of noise levels in the existing main plant area were recorded to be

69.5 dB(A) . The high noise areas are identified by sign boards and ear mufflers are

worn by the workers to minimise the noise effects.

Table 4.6 presents the results of the noise survey conducted on project boundary in

June 2011. It can be inferred from the results the noise levels are below the World Bank

guideline values and therefore do not have a harmful affect on the communities living

in the vicinity of the project area

4.5 Biological Environment

Chotiari is a rich ecological site and a unique habitat consisting of wetland, riverine

forest, desert scrub and sand dunes. This area is formed from several small natural

Lakes (dhands) and inter-dunal depressions that protrude finger-like into the western

margins of the Thar Desert. Depth of water in the Lakes ranges from shallow (less than

6 feet) to deep (30 to 45 feet). The edges of the Lakes present a mosaic of reed beds,

which lie alongside alluvial fans, irrigation channels, riverine forests, desert dunes,

swamps and agricultural land. Historically, the Chotiari Wetland Complex was flanked

by “Makhi forest” famous for rich reserves of quality honey. Most of this forest was

cleared and converted into agriculture fields in the British era in the backdrop of “Hur

Revolt”.

4.5.1 Flora

Aquatic vegetation includes Typha latifolia, Typha dominghensis, Phragmites karka,

Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, Polygonum spp. The Riverine

Forest has canopy of Populus euphratica, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia

nilotica and Ziziphus mauritiana etc. Cultivated crops are generally cotton (Kharif

season) and wheat (Rabi season) augmented with rice, sugar cane, animal fodder and

vegetables. A further detail of cultivated herbs and shrubs on agricultural lands and in

habitations given in Table 4.11.

The trees which grows naturally in Sinjhoro Block area are neem, babul, peepul, bar,

kandi, kirar, lai, mango and talhi (Shishum).flora of the area shown in exhibit (Exhibit

4.4: Vegetation of the area)


46

The trees which grows naturally in Sanghar are neem, babul, peepul, bar, kandi, kirar,

lai, mango and talhi (Shishum).

4.5.2 Fauna

The open wetlands and terrestrial areas are habitats for variety of fish, mammals, birds

and reptiles.

Fish: Chotiari is now producing fish weighing about 525 tonnes per year. In 1997

Sindh University conducted a study of fish fauna and recorded 31 fresh water species.

Mammals: Hog Deer, Chinkara, Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat, Caracal, Smooth coated

Otter, Wild boar, Mongoose, Desert hare and Squirrels are reported in the area. A

survey of Hog deer during the period May – October 1997 estimated that about 90

animals live along the western side of reservoir from Makhi Weir to Akanwari Deh.

The gradual decline in vegetative cover has resulted in degradation of natural habitat of

the Hog Deer whose wild population has declined severely (Table 4.12).

Birds: Chotiari Lakes are important habitat for a variety of bird species. As many as

107 species of birds have been recorded from the area. Two species of birds found in

the area are worth mentioning. The Marbled Teal is globally threatened but significant

population has been reported to winter and breed here. Sindh Warbler is a rare species

that have been reported from this area. The area was significant for migratory water

birds. In a survey in 1993, 40,000 birds were observed in this area.

Reptiles: About 50 marsh crocodiles were recorded in Makhi area in 1997. Python, a

vulnerable species is also known to occur in the area but its present status is unknown.

Varieties of snakes and lizards are found here.

Table 4.13 and Table 4.14 provide list of birds and reptiles found in the area

respectively. A Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area is provided in Exhibit 4.2

4.5.3 Horticulture

The main fruits of Sanghar are mangoes and bananas. Beside these fruits oranges,

chikku, melons and watermelon are also grown in Sanghar. Among vegetables turnips,

reddish, potatoes and tomatoes etc. are grown. A table showing area and production of

major fruits / vegetables in 1997-98 is in (Table 4.8).


47

4.5.4 Live stock

The people of Sanghar nourish the animals (Table 4.9) for their personal necessities and

livelihood. Livestock also plays a vital role in economies and particularly lower class

and lower middle class as a main source of their income. Following are the various kinds

of animals found in the district (Exhibit 4.5: livestock of the area).

.

4.6 Communication

Sanghar has good communication network. Main roads in the project area are as

follows:

1. Sanghar Hyderabad via Tando Adam road

2. Sanghar Nawabshah road

3. Sanghar Mirpur Khas via Sindhri road.

4. Sanghar Shahdadpur via Jhol road

5. Sanghar Khipro via Tando Mitha Khan road

6. Sanghar Shahdadpur via Sinjhoro road

7. Tando Adam Kandyari via Berani road

8. Shahdadpur Sathari via Chowdagi road

9. Tando Adam Tando Allahyar road

10. Shahdadpur Tando Adam road

Main tracks of Pakistan Railway also connect Nawaz Dahari, Sarhari Lundo,

Shahdadpur, Jalal Muree and Tando Adam of this District. Another Railway loop line

(locally known as meterguage) originating from Nawabshah runs through the district via

Shahpur Chaker, Sinjhoro, Jhol Bobi, Nauabad and Patohayun station. Sanghar is not

connected by railway.

4.7 Trade & trade center

The cotton, wheat, pulses, oil seeds and other agricultural products are main item of

trade. Sanghar, Khairpur, Shahdadpur and Tando Adam cities of this area are good

trading centers. Shahdadpur is famous for agriculture production and Tando Adam is

famous for the trade of cotton. Fifty-eight cotton-ginning factories are running in this

district.

4.8 Archeological resources

Ruins of Kot Bijar: The ruins of Talpur fort are located in deh Kot Bijar taluka Sinjhoro

and can be reached by Shahdadpur Sanghar road via Shahu branch. The ruins are spread

over an area of 40 to 50 acres and contain grave yard and a mud fort covering more than

two acres.


48

Kuba Mir Shahdad: It is situated a mile from Shahpur Chaker and consists of a grave-

yard covering an area of about four acres. There is a mosque and some large tombs made

of Jaipur and stones. The tomb of Mir Shahdad, the founder of Shahdadpur town is

located here and the grave-yard is also named after him. The tombs and mosque are about

200 year old and are at present in dilapidated condition.

Brahamanabad (Mansura): Brahamanabad (Mansura) is place of historical and

archaeological interest about 8 miles east of Shahdadpur in Sinjhoro taluka. It attracts a

large number of tourists. The ruins are about four miles in circumference. The whole

space is covered with mounds of broken and crumbled bricks, some of them fifteen feet

high. There are no stones, but occasional lumps of charred wood, which indicate the use

of timber in the buildings. The question of the identity of these ruins has been a matter of

controversy for a long time.

4.9 Occupation

The main occupation of people of this area is agriculture. Almost all members of a family

including women folk are involved in this profession. Children of these families work as

grazers. They graze buffaloes, camels, goats, cows and sheep in desert area. Women folk

are busy in making Rillies and local embroidery. Men work on making Sindhi Ajrak at

Hathungo in taluka Khipro and also in other parts of the area. Also the people are busy in

making Khurzins, Carpets, Woolen Khathas and Khes. Carpentary, masonry, cattle sale

and purchase, labour and government and private services are also the profession of the

people of this area. (Exhibit 4.6: Occupation)

4.10 Culture customs and traditions

Customs and traditions in this area are almost same as elsewhere in Sindh province.

Customs in marriage ceremony are of a great importance. In marriage ceremony Sindhes

used to sing ‘Sahras’ one week before marriage. Apply mehndi and atta to bride and to

bridegroom, beat drums during nights, keep the bride in seclusion and to entertain the

guests at the time of marriage and to conduct Nikah, are the customs of marriage

ceremony in this area.

In this area men and women do visit shrines and saints for fulfillment of their desires and

promises. Mella is a cultural custom of the people and is often held at the shrines of

following saints.

a) Beambria

b) Hameer Fakir

c) Girhore sharif


49

d) Kando Fakir

e) Muhammad Shah

In these mellas various games and Sindhi wrestling (Malakhro) takes place.

4.11 Agriculture

Sanghar area is the major grower of cotton, wheat and sugarcane. The main crops during

Rabi are wheat and pulses. The main crops during Kharif are rice, cotton, sugarcane,

Jowar etc. (Exhibit 4.7: crops of area) A statement showing area and production of major

/ minor crops during 1997-98 is provided in Table 4.10.

4.12 Forestry

Nara canal runs side by side with the protective embankment of Chutiari Dam. The

vicinity area of Nara canal is also the same difficult job which has about 400-500m width

on both sides. During reconnaissance trip of the project area, scouting team thoroughly

routed through the entire Canal Bank sides and found that thickly grown kunder, Saroots,

cluster of thorny bushes and wild trees are predominantly present all along the Canals

Bank. The water depth of the Nara canal is more than 10 feet. The Nara canal has only

two access routes to approach the Chutiari portion in eastern side, one at Oadh Mori (RD

98) and second at Regulator place (Emanating place of Khipro Canal) i.e. RD 150. The

distance between these two accessing points is about 25 km. Width of the Main Nara

Canal is also varying from place to place with the range of 100-200.

4.13 Health

There are several hospitals and dispensaries, health centers and clinics in the project area.

The detail of medical units during 1997-98 is as in (Table 4.17)


50

Table 4.1: List of villages of the project area

Sr.

No.

Village Sr.

No.

Village

1 Goth Qayum Khan 10 Chak no. 4

2 Ahmedabad 11 Chak no. 10

3 Shahpur chakar 12 Chak no. 2

4 Sanjrani 13 Chak no. 3

5 Shahpur chakar 14 Jakhroo

6 Goth Meqhu Mel 15 Khabari

7 Goth gulam

Muhammad

16 Barun

8 Khadro 17 Goth Nasir Khoso

9 Chak no. 6 19 Goth Ayub


51

Table 4.2: Ground water sample processing facility project site

Location Project site

Sampling date 23-06-2011

Test method Parameter Camp area

S2 S3 Outside the camp

area

NEQ

Physical and Chemical

D-1293 pH @ 25 C 7.85 7.72 7.45 6-9

Manual Temperature* OC 29 25 -

HACH-8237

Turbidity NTU 02 38 Zero < 5 NTU

Odor Odorless Odorless Odorless Acceptable

APHA-209B

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l

185 650 680 3500.00

D-1126 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 106 220 325 < 500 mg/l

HACH-8039

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.20 9.00 2.70 <50

D-1426 Ammonia mg/l Nil 1.00 0.70 40

D-2972 Arsenic mg/l Nil Nil Nil < 0.05 (P)

D-512 Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 18 157 56 1.0

APHA-413D

Fluoride as F- mg/l 0.10 0.14 0.12 <1.5

D-516 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 35 116 284 600

By AA Iron as Fe3+

mg/l 0.02 - - 8.0

By AA Zinc as Zn2+

mg/l Nil 0.02 0.02 5.0

APHA Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l 4.70 4.90 6.10 -

APHA-507

BOD5 mg/l

3.62 7.60 4.52 80

D-1252 COD mg/l 12 24.6 14 150


52

Table 4.3: Microbial parameters

Test

method

Parameter Result

S1

Result

S2

Result

S3

Permissible

limit

In house Total Colony

Count cfu/ml

Nil 68 89 < 500 /ml-

In house Total Coliform

cfu/ml

Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml

In house Faecal

Streptococi

cfu/ml

Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml

In house E-Coli cfu/ml Nil Nil Nil Absent /100ml

Table 4.4: Soil sample for SP-1 camp area

Location Sinjhoro processing facility project site

Sample

date

27-06-2011

Test

method

Parameter

Unit

Camp

area

D-1125 Conductivity (us/em) 11920

D-1293 pH@ 25 C of 6% solution 7.05

HACH-

8039

Nitrate (NO3), Wt. % 1.31

APHA-

424D

Phosporus (P), Wt. % 0.04

By AA Potasium (K), Wt. % 0.30

By AA Calcium (Ca), Wt. % 2.92

By AA Magnesium (Mg), Wt. % 1.27

By AA Soduim (Na), Wt. % 0.03

In house Organic Matter, Wt. % 11.22


53

Table 4.5: Ambient Air Sampling for processing facility project area

Location Project site


Test method Parameters Project Site

By Analyzer Particulate matter (PM 10)ug/Nm3 85

ISO-4221 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) ug/Nm3 52

ISO-6768 Oxides of Nitrogen(NOx) ug/Nm3 38

By Analyzer Carbon Monoxide , ppm Nil

By Analyzer Carbon dioxide ,ppm 229

Table 4.6: Noise

Location Project Site


By Analyzer Noise, dB(A) 71.2


54

Table 4.7: Month Wise 30 Years Mean Maximum / Minimum Temperature, Precipitation and

Humidity

Sinjhoro Station Nawabshah

Mean Temperature (C) Precipitation Relative

Month Maximum Minimum (Millimeters) Humidity (%)

January 24.31 5.92 1.64 59.98

February 27.06 8.72 1.88 56.00

March 33.29 14.22 3.14 50.62

April 39.25 19.71 3.05 44.66

May 43.53 24.59 1.33 42.63

June 43.23 27.67 8.35 51.81

July 40.37 27.60 51.80 26.10

August 38.60 26.33 45.41 66.06

September 38.14 23.77 10.42 62.38

October 37.14 18.18 2.87 55.16

November 31.56 12.23 1.49 59.48

December 25.53 7.39 2.73 62.47

Annual 35.19 18.00 137.79 56.03

Source: Data Processing Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi


55

Table 4.8: Area and Production of fruits and vegetables 1997-98

Fruit

/vegetable

Area

(hecters)

Production

(metric tones)

Yield per hectare

(kilogram)

Lemon 181 523 2890

Mango 6492 47721 7351

Banana 1202 4490 3735

Lady finger 612 2999 4900

Cabbage 229 2650 11572

Tinda 148 1081 7304

Karella 29 140 4828

Tomato 81 490 6049

Chilies 4772 7101 1488

Moong

(Pulses)

2386 1034 433

Masoor

(Pulses)

1171 599 512

Sources: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh. Deputy Commissioner

Sanghar


56

Table 4.9: Livestock population in Sinjhoro Block 1997-98

Livestock

Numbers

Cattle 353305

Buffalo 253252

Sheep 197312

Goat 702928

Camel 8017

Horse 3772

Mule 609

Ass 30746

Domestic poultry 588

Sources: Livestock Census 1996, Agricultural Census Organization


57

Table 4.10: Area and Production of Crops 1997-98

Crops Area

(Hecters)

Production

(Metric tones)

Yield per hectare

(Kilogram )

Cotton 124308 524935 4223

Rice 3826 7733 2021

Sugarcane 10819 63718 62272

Jowar 1329 762 573

Bajara 6892 3883 563

Maiz 1732 959 554

Ground nut 2392 4709 1969

Wheat 143629 49243 2432

Rape and

mustard

11446 8673 758

Onion 3928 50503 12857

Source: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh Deputy

Commissioner, Sanghar


58

Table 4.11: Phytosociological Parameters of dominant species at Chotiari reservoir

Serial

#

Species

No. R.F.

% R.F.

% R.D % I.V. SDR

1. Calotropis procera 1 0.19 1.72 25.00 26.91 8.97

2. Senna italica 9 4.61 12.07 25.00 41.68 13.89

3. Fagonia indica 625 95.20 86.21 50.00 231.41 77.14

4. Octhochloa compressa 7 12.95 6.98 8.33 28.26 9.42

5. Calotropis procera 1 0.51 2.33 8.33 11.17 3.72

6. Limeum indicum 1 1.28 2.33 8.33 11.94 3.98

7. Pluchea lanceolata 31 58.08 58.14 8.33 124.55 41.52

8. Octhochloa compressa 18 5.56 6.40 4.17 16.12 5.37

9. Corchorus tridens 17 3.12 5.81 3.79 12.72 4.24

10. Cyprus rotundus 1 0.18 0.58 0.38 1.14 0.38

11. Dactyloctenium aegyptium 84 16.10 23.26 56.06 95.42 31.81

12. Desmostachya bipinnata 68 31.47 24.42 15.91 71.80 23.93

13. Eragrostis barrelieri 10 1.44 5.23 5.68 12.35 4.12

14. Eragrostis minor 7 1.62 2.33 0.76 4.70 1.57

15. Euphrbia clarkeana 1 0.18 0.58 0.38 1.14 0.38

16. Acacia nilotica 5 17.30 13.89 21.28 52.47 17.49

17. Achyranthes aspera 1 0.30 2.78 4.26 7.33 2.44

18. Aerva javanica 5 1.70 13.89 2.13 17.71 5.90

19. Alhagi maurorum 6 3.76 11.11 21.28 36.15 12.05

20. Cordia myxa 1 5.04 2.78 2.13 9.95 3.32

21. Datura alba 1 0.92 2.78 2.13 5.82 1.94

22. Cleome scaposa 2 1.62 2.35 1.08 5.05 1.68


59

23. Indigofera argentea 137 66.01 51.16 77.78 194.95 64.98

24. Indigofera cordifolia 2 0.83 2.33 1.06 4.22 1.41

25. Tribulus 9 2.11 7.50 3.08 12.69 4.23

26. Tribulus longipetalus 2 0.49 1.67 0.68 2.84 0.95

27. Tribulus terrestris 13 2.84 3.33 1.37 7.54 2.51

28. Zaleya pentandra 2 6.69 2.12 1.00 9.80 3.27

29. Salvadora oleoides 1 3.49 0.94 0.26 4.70 1.57

30. Cenchrus biflorus 1 0.05 0.94 0.26 1.25 0.42

31. Acacia jacquemontii 1 6.41 0.99 0.65 8.05 2.68

32. Aristida adscensionis 1 0.23 0.99 0.65 1.87 0.62

33. Aristida funiculate 1 0.57 0.99 0.65 2.22 0.74

34. Heliotropium crispum 1 2.06 0.99 0.65 3.70 1.23

35. Tephrosia strigosa 1 0.11 0.99 0.65 1.76 0.59


60

Table 4.12: Status of some medium-sized and large mammals of Chotiari Wetlands Complex,

Sanghar, Sindh

Scientific name Common

name

Status* Number

Observed

Order Carnivora

Family Canidae

Canis lupus Indian wolf EN NIL

Canis aureus Asiatic jackal NT 94

Vulpes vulpes

pusilla

Red fox NT 10

Vulpes

bengalensis

Bengal fox NT 07

Family

Mustelidae

Lutrogale

perspicillata

Smooth-coated

otter

NT (7-8 groups

each group

consisting of 8-

12 individuals)

Family

Viverridae

Viverricula

indica

Indain civet NT 02

Family

Herpestidae

Herpestes

javanicus

Small Indian

mongoose

LC 44

Herpestes

edwardsi

Indian grey

mongoose

LC 17

Family

Hyaenidae

Hyaena hyaena Striped hyaena CR NIL

Family Felidae Felis silvestris Indian desert

cat

DD 02

Felis chaus Jungle cat LC 73

Felis caracal Caracal CR NIL

Prionailurus

viverrinus

Fishing cat NT 01

Order

Artiodactyla

Sus scrofa Indian wild

boar

LC 10


61

Family Suidae

Family Cervidae Axis porcinus Hog deer VU NIL

Family Bovidae Gazella bennettii Chinkara VU 04**

* Sheikh and Molur (2005), ** Introduced

CR=Critically Endangered; EN=Endangered; VU=Vulnerable; NT= Near Threatened; LC=

Least Concern; DD=Data Deficient


62

Table 4.13: Avifauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009

Order / Sub-order /

Family

Scientific

name

Common

name

Occurrence

Status²

1.Podicepidiformes I. Podicepedidae*

1. Tachybaptus

ruficollis

Little grebe R C

2. Pelecaniformes I. Phalacrocoracidae* II. Pelecanidae*

2. Phalacrocora

x carbo

Great

cormorant

WV A

3. Phalacrocorax niger

Little cormorant

R A

4. Pelecanus

onocrotalus×

Great white

pelican

WV C

3. Pteroclidiformes

1. Pteroclididae

5. Pterocles

exustus

Chestnut-

bellied

sandgrouse

R C

4. Psittaciformes 1. Psittacidae

6. Psittacula

krameri

Rose-ringed

Parakeet

R A

5.Cuculiformes I. Cuculidae

7. Clamator

jacobinus

Pied-crested

cuckoo

SV C

8. Eudynamys scolopacea

Asian koel

R C

9. Centropus

sinensis

Greater

coucal

R C

6. Caprimulgiformes 1.Caprimulgidae

10. Caprimulgus mahrattensis

Syke’s night jar

R C

7.Apodiformes I. Apodidae

11. Apus apus× Eastern

swift

R C

12 Apus affinis× House swift

R C

8. Rhipiduridae

13. Rhipidura aureola×

White-browed fantail

R C

9.Nectarinidae 14. Nectarinia asiatica

Purple sunbird

R A


63

10.Dicruridae

15. Dicrurus

macrocercus

Black drongo

R A

11.Ploceidae 16. Ploceus

manyar×

Streaked

weaver)

R C

12. Estrildidae

17. Lonchura

malabarica×

White-

throated

munia

R C

*water birds ×not listed in WWF (2008) Status² as per Roberts (1991) and Roberts (1992)


64

Table 4.14: Reptilian fauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009

Order / Sub-order / Family

Scientific

name

Common

name

Status

1. Testudines

I. Emydidae

1. Kachuga

smithii

Brown river

turtle

NT

2. Kachuga

tecta

Saw back

turtle

LC

II.

Trionychidae

3. Lissemys

punctata (

Indian

flapshell

LR

2. Crocodilia

I. Crocodylidae

4. Crocodylus

palustris (

Indian

marsh

crocodile

VU

3. Squamata

A. Sauria

I. Agamidae

5. Calotes

versicolor (

Common

tree lizard

NE

6. Trapelus

agilis

Common

field agama

NE

7. Trapelus

megalonyx

Ocellate

ground

agama

NE

II. Eublepharidae

III. Geckonidae

8. Eublepharis

macularius

Fat-tail

gecko

NE

9. Crossobamon

orientalis

Yellow

tailed sand

gecko

NE

10. Cyrtopodion

kachhense×

Kachh

spotted

ground-

gecko

NE

11. Cyrtopodion

scabrum

Common

tuberculate

ground

NE


65

gecko

12. Hemidactylus

brookii×

Spotted barn

gecko)

NE

13 Hemidactylus

flaviviridis

Yellow-

bellied

house gecko

NE

×not listed in WWF (2008)

Status as per IUCN redlist.org

Table 4.15: Amphibian fauna of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh during 2006-2009

Order/family Scientific name Common name Status

1. Anura

I. Bufonidae

1. Bufo stomaticus Indus valley toad NE

II. Ranidae

2. Euphlyctis

cyanophlyctis

Skittering frog NE

3. Hoplobatrachus

tigerinus

Bull frog NE


66

Table 4.16: Area and Production of Crops 1997-98

crops Area

(Hecters)

Production

(Metric tones)

Yield per hectare

(Kilogram )

Cotton 124308 524935 4223

Rice 3826 7733 2021

Sugarcane 10819 63718 62272

Jowar 1329 762 573

Bajara 6892 3883 563

Maiz 1732 959 554

Ground nut 2392 4709 1969

Wheat 143629 49243 2432

Rape and

mustard

11446 8673 758

Onion 3928 50503 12857

Source: Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Govt. of Sindh Deputy

Commissioner, Sanghar


67

Table 4.17: Type of Health Institutions by Their Numbers

Medical Units Numbers

Civil Hospital 01

Taluka H.Q. Hospital 05

Basic Health Unit 52

Rural Health Center 07

Govt. Dispensary

10

Maternity Homes

03

Experimental Dispensary

13

District Council Dispensary

64

Source: Deputy Commissioner, Sanghar


68

Exhibit 4.1 : Satellite Image of Chotiari Wetland Complex showing water resources


69

Exhibit 4.2: Biological Map of ecologically sensitive area


70

Exhibit 4.3: Water Resources Catchments Map


71

Exhibit 4.4: Vegetation of the area


72

Exhibit 4.5: Livestock of the area


73

Exhibit 4.6: Occupation


74


75

Exhibit 4.7: Crops


76

Exhibit 4.8: Water bodies of the area


77

5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Stakeholder consultation is a means of involving all primary and secondary stakeholders

in the project’s decision-making process in order to address their concerns, improve

project design, and give the project legitimacy. Stakeholder consultation, if conducted in a

participatory and objective manner, is a means of enhancing project sustainability.

Community input (both of knowledge and values) on socioeconomic and environmental

issues can greatly enhance the quality of decision-making. Stakeholder consultation was

therefore conducted in the project area not only to satisfy the legal requirements of the

EIA process in Pakistan but also to improve and enhance the social and environmental

design of the project.

5.1 Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation

The process of public participation and consultation was endorsed in the United Nations

Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 through one of the

key documents of the conference⎯Agenda 21 (section 2). Agenda 21 is a comprehensive

strategy for global action on sustainable development and deals with issues regarding

human interaction with the environment. It emphasizes the role of public participation in

environmental decision-making for the achievement of sustainable development. Through

the public consultation process, OGDCL hopes to:

• Promote better understanding of the project, its objective, and its likely impact

• Identify and address concerns of all interested and affected parties of project area

• Provide a means to identify and resolve issues before plans are finalized and

• development commences, thus avoiding public anger and resentment and potentially

costly delays

• Encourage transparency and inculcate trust among various stakeholders to promote

cooperation and partnership with the communities and local leadership

5.2 Identification of Stakeholders

Stakeholders are people, groups, NGOs, CBOs, or institutions that may be affected by,

can significantly influence, or are important to the achievement of the stated purpose of a

proposed intervention. The Primary and secondary stakeholders were identified based on

standard following approach:

Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions affected positively (beneficiaries)

or negatively by the project.


78

Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or institutions that are important intermediaries

in the project delivery process (e.g., the government line agencies, or NGOs).

A field survey for the identification of and consultation with the stakeholders was

conducted in the month of June 2011 in the surroundings of the project area. Secondary

stakeholders included national as well as international NGOs, government

representatives, and other organizations concerned with the project. The consultation and

involvement process was determined based on the stakeholders identified.

5.3 Consultation Process

Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal and formal meetings held in the

project area. The consultation process was carried out in the Sindhi and Urdu languages.

During these meetings a simple, non-technical, description of the project was given, with

an overview of the project’s likely human and environmental impact. This was followed

by an open discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns and opinions. In

addition to providing communities with information on the proposed project, their

feedback was documented during the primary stakeholder consultation. The issues and

suggestions raised were recorded (Table 5.3).

Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal as they involved government

representatives and local welfare organizations, NGO’s consulted during face-to-face

meetings and through telephonic conversations. They were briefed on the EIA process, the

project design, and the potential negative and positive impact of the project on the area’s

environment and communities (Table 5.1).

It was important not to raise community expectations unnecessarily or unrealistically

during the stakeholder consultation meetings in order to avoid undue conflict with tribal

leaders or local administrators. The issues recorded in the consultation process were

examined, validated, and addressed in the EIA report (Table 5.3).

5.4 Stakeholder Consultation Technique

In recognition of the diversity of views within any community, it is very important to

obtain a clear understanding of the different stakeholders and to analyze their capacity and

willingness to be involved in some or all of the project and its planning process. It is

important to be aware of how different power relations can distort participation. It is also

important to examine how community skills, resources, and ‘local knowledge’ can be

applied to improve project design and implementation. All of this can be achieved by


79

careful use of the various tools of Stakeholder Consultation. Therefore, the following

participatory techniques were employed during stakeholder consultations:

• Informal meetings with communities in villages. Men and village elders attended

these meeting

• Focus Groups with women participants in villages

5.5 Stakeholders Consulted

In the consultation process for EIA, following key stakeholders were consulted:

• Local communities, Men, women and village elders attended meetings.

• WWF , Fisher Folk Forum, Wildlife and Irrigation Departments

• Local Government representatives

Meetings with stakeholders consisted of community consultation meetings, focus group

discussions, and in-depth interviews with men and limited focus-group discussions with

women. The location of the meetings, the process followed, and the outcomes are

discussed in this section. Given that the project area has a dam nearby, the Sindh Wildlife

Department and Irrigation Department were also consulted. The list of the villages where

public consultation was carried out and concerns raised by community is given in (Table

5.3) while the photographs of consultations are included at the end of this section.

5.6 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations

The findings of the Community consultations are given in Table 5.3. All these have been

addressed in various sections of the EIA, and the mitigation plans have been incorporated

into the EMP. The summary of the various stakeholder consultations is given below.

5.6.1 Community Concerns

Project Approval

The community consultations demonstrated that goodwill towards the project proponents

indeed exists; approval for project activities by the communities was evident. The

consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated, especially by the men and

women. The poverty level is such that communities are looking to any project proponent t

improve their financial well-being to a great extent. OGDCL recognizes that benefits from

the project should be distributed judiciously and equitably especially among primary

stakeholders in the project area, and will continue to ensure that this principle is followed

in its projects and community development program.


80

Resettlement/ Relocation

The proposed site of the Plant 102 acres of the land is taken on lease. The land is currently

The size of the community is between 40 to 60 households. It is the desire of the members

of the community that all resettlement issues shall be resolved prior to the commencement

of the proposed project. The OGDCL management is working with the community to

relocate and compensate the affected population according to the IFC guidelines.

Local Employment

Communities in the project area emphasized that local villagers should be given priority

when employing people for various project-related works and activities according to their

skills.

Compensation

Compensation shall be paid trees and any damage to the crop. The compensation process

shall be transparent.

Interaction with Local Community

Non-Local work force coming in the project area that will not be aware of the local

customs and norms, may result in conflicts with the local community, keeping in mind

the sensitive law and order situation and culture of the area.

Impact on Livelihood

The communities also expressed some fear that vehicles would disturb their cattle and

that their livestock might get hurt or run away or die accidental death due to vehicular

movement (Table 5.2 & Exhibit 5.2).

5.6.2 Environment related departments consulted

Representatives of the Sind Wildlife Department and WWF expressed the need for well

qualified area specialists to conduct the environmental impact studies. The Sind Wildlife,

Fisher Folk Forum and representative of WWF at the office of the Wildlife department

raised concerns over the possible impacts on the dam nearby as they said that the oil based

effluents which would be released from the plant and the resulting increase due to the

proposed plant may cause more harm to the nearby biodiversity.

5.6.3 Local Government Representatives

The consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated. They also expressed

the jobs and business opportunities for the local community will be increased due to


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project activities. They also expressed the concern that most of the unskilled and skill jobs

should be reserved for the local communities (Table 5.1).

5.7 No Project Option

The total area of the Sanghar district is 10,728 square kilometers. According to 1998

Census, the population of Sanghar district presently comprises six talukas is 1453.03

thousands .Overall the population of the district has increased more than four and half

times during the last 47 years i-e 1951 to 1998 where high urban growth has lead to the

increase in demand of gas. The condition of present gas production is very poor and

residential areas are facing acute gas shortage especially in winters.

This project can be the gateway towards economic development and prosperity in the

area. The most important point is that the land is already in the hands of the Proponents

and is a degraded piece of land with not significant agricultural practices in the area

which is a positive sign for sustainability of the environment and has no sensitivity in

terms of Biodiversity concerns. No heavy land clearing work would be involved for

construction phase. There is no ecologically sensitive, archaeological, cultural and / or

religious place which might be harmed. The groundwater has good characteristics so as to

be utilized. Besides, Nara canal is also near for water purpose and disposal options. The

produced gas will be easily be transported to a nearby SSGPL gas pipeline.

If we think about no project scenario from socioeconomic perspectives then it would lead

to improper use of the existing resources available locally. Additionally, potential for

employment would be retained because all categories of the labor required for the project

operation are available locally, conveniently, plentifully and at affordable cost. Under

such circumstances, gas production Plant is the need of time and “No Project Option”

does not remain a suitable alternative here.


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Table 5.1 : key stakeholders consulted

No. Stakeholder name Organization Designation/status

Government Representatives

1. Mr. Waqar Hussain Phulpoto EPA Complex – Karachi

Director (Techincal)

2. Mr. Mujeeb-ur-rehman EPA Hyderabad

Deputy director

3. Mr. Imran Abbasi

EPA Hyderabad

Assistant director

4. Mr. Ajmal khan

EPA Hyderabad

Assistant director

5. Mr. Saleem

EPA Hyderabad

Inspector

6. Mr. Zahid Ahmed

EPA Hyderabad

Inspector

7. Mr. Noor Ahmed

EPA Hyderabad

Field officer

8. Mr. Ali Nawaz

EPA Hyderabad

Field assistant

NGO

9. Hina Urooj Mehran Women

Organization Social worker

10. Asima Pareen

Mehran Women

Organization Social worker

11. Salma Quaishi Woman skill development

society Social worker

12. Ruqia Woman skill development

society Social worker

13. Ali Hyder Shar Sindh Rural Development

organization President

Local community 14. Pyar ali panhwar fram

Villager Social worker

15. Abdul Rehman Kasklali

Asha develp Social worker

16. Ghulam Hussain Lagari Chutiari conversation

farm Villager

17. Nagina

Villager Mid wifery

18. Adnan Aftab Petroleum Engineering Student


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Table 5.2: Public near project area

Serial no. Names Occupation /status

1. Nazim Hussain , Rafaqat Ali, Nawaz Ali, Nazir Hussain

Villagers

2. Afzal, Hassan , Nisar Hussain , Yasir, Bilal Brohi

Kisan

3. Raja Amir Govt servant

4. Imran Chownkidar

5. Zulfiqar , Masood Meman Former

6. Saggan, Sathram, Sanjeet Mazdoor

7. Mehfooz Kishaw dirver

Table 5.3: Consolidated Matrix of Concerns Raised by the Communities during Stakeholder Consultations

Serial

no.

Issues Concern

Raised by

the

Community

Villages the Issue

was Particularly

Raised

Communities’

Remarks

1. interaction/ Conflict with Local Community

Non-Locals unaware of the local customs may lead to conflicts

1- Kandero Wassan 2- Dewan goth 3- Faqeer jo goth 4- Chak no. 22 5- Chak no. 07 6- Chak no. 13 7- Shafi abad

No project activity at times when women must leave their homes for chores

2. Employment Provision of semi skilled and unskilled jobs for the local labor

1- Dilbar Nizamani 2- Anwar Marree 3- Bindi Wassan

Maximum unskilled jobs should be allocated to he locals. Training program should be initiated to train locals who should then be employed for the project

3. Livelihood Restriction of livestock grazing and accidental killings of livestock

1- Baroon 2- Bakhoro 3- Routiani 8- Hussain bux chaag 9- Ali mohammad

mahar

Grazing and vegetation areas should be protected and speed of vehicles should be limited to avoid accidents


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85

Exhibit 5.1: Stakeholder consultation


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Exhibit 5.2: Public Consultations


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6. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

6.1 Introduction

This EIA study was carried out to review the available information on Sinjhoro project.

The consultant team visited the area and collected information from the local people. This

section discusses the project’s potential environmental impact on the area’s

geomorphology, soil, water resources, air, biological resources and socioeconomic

condition and, where applicable, identifies mitigation measures that will reduce, if not

eliminate, its adverse impact. The assessment carried out in this section is based on

potential impacts on overall environmental receptors within the project area. A detailed

environmental management plan (EMP) is given in next section.

Discussion with the local villagers, suggest that so far the OGDCL’s activities at Sinjhoro

project area will not create any significant negative impact on air, water, sub soil,

agriculture, livestock, wildlife and human beings. The farmers of the selected villages

were quite aware of the project activities. They think that beside this, a large number of

local people will get employment, which will bring economic prosperity for them and for

their families, after the development of the project area.

However some of the link roads connecting the project area are un-metal, therefore any

movement on foot or vehicle will cause lot of dust which is injurious for the health of

human beings, live stock, plant, crops and wildlife. There will be a need of permanent

link roads connecting the project area to avoid any mishap.

Impacts associated with Construction activities The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the construction activities

of the plant are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed are the following:

• Environmental Impacts

• Construction Noise

• Dust Emission During Construction

• Land Use

• Water Sourcing

• Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust

• Soil Contamination

• Drainage and Storm Water Run-off


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• Camp Effluent

• Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management

• Disturbance to Wildlife

• Socioeconomic Impact

• Community Safety

• Traffic Disturbance

• Local Employment Conflicts

• Archeological Resources

• Project and Community Interface

Impacts Associated with Operation phase

The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the operation phase of

the expanded power plant are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed

are the following:

• Environmental Impacts

• Air Emissions

• Plant Noise

• Wastewater

• Green House Gas Emissions

• Water Resources

• Hazardous Material and Waste Handling

• Waste Management

• Natural Hazard Impacts

• Flooding

• Occupational Health and Safety

The physical setting and layout design of the Sinjhro Gas Field Development Project is the

latest international and state-of-the art recommended by the OGDCL, and is not likely to

cause any major in-house functional conflicts with respect to production of gas,

dehydration and H2S removal plant, gas gathering system and allied facilities,

occupational health and safety and other issues.

The presence of H2S and SO2 in the Sinjhoro gas is important. It is pointed out that the

contractor is providing a complete incinerator package to control the concentration of H2S

in the waste gases from H2S Removal Plant that will meet the World Bank environmental

guidelines and that the Sinjhoro surface facilities system has been designed with a view


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that the concentration of the pollutants from plant emissions and effluents will not exceed

the limits of NEQS.

The Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project upon its operation will have a number of

effluents; H2S Removal Plant will have effluent of produced water, Dehydration plant will

have oily water, and Gas Gathering System will have produced water. An Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP), designed by contractor has been proposed to be established to treat

wastewater produced in the Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project. The Effluent

Treatment Plant design has been based on the criteria that the treated discharged meets the

quality requirements of NEQS set under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

(PEPA) 1997.

Produced water will be disposed of by injection into evaporation pond, while drain water

will be disposed of in an evaporation pit, some 1.0 km away from the plant area.

Due to the installation of the Effluent Treatment Plant, the impacts to water and land

resources are minimal, subject to its efficient operation. There are no visible signs of any

adverse impacts on the soils due to the drilling operations. However, during the operation

of Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project, improper drainage and effluent exceeding

permissible limits may cause some undesirable effects on the quality of soil for

agricultural activity.

6.2 Impacts on Physical Environment

6.2.1 Geomorphology and Soils

a) Potential Impacts during construction phase

Spills of chemicals and fuel during handling, transportation and storage may result in

contamination of soil at a construction site. A significant impact on soil will be interpreted

if visible amount of chemical or hydrocarbon is observed in soil.

During a typical construction project spill of fuel, lubricants, and chemicals can take

place. The spill may take place:

• During transfer from one container to another or during refueling

• During maintenance of equipment and vehicles

• Due to leakages from equipment and containers, and

• As a result of traffic accidents

As a result contamination of soil will occur, significance will depend on the nature of

material, location of spill and quantity of spill

The likely impacts of these activities may include:


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• Physical scarring of the landscape

• Increased risk of land slippage

• Erosion from road sides, well pads and sloped surface as wells as soil and slit from

the cleared area, results in increased sediment load in surface run off. This results in

sedimentation both upland and flood plain area

• Alteration of soil quality by loss of top soil

• Blockage of natural drainage

• Soil contamination by accidental spillage or leakage from project vehicles and

machinery or during regular course of work at the campsite

Assessment of impacts

Clearing and leveling may increase the risk of land slippage and soil erosion. The loss of

top soil is only likely to take place along the access tracks, if needed, and at 1 or 2

locations, such as the landfill site, within the camp. However, in view of the limited area

covered by the access tracks and campsites, this impact is expected to be insignificant.

The natural drainage might be affected by project activities, such as clearing, leveling and

construction works. The dry, hill-torrent dependent, channels passing through most of

the area might be damaged thus, changing the drainage patterns of the area. This would

not only alter the geomorphology but also has the potential to affect people dependent on

existing drainage patterns.

The spillage and leakage of fuels, oils and other chemicals may lead to soil

contamination. Possible contaminant sources include fuel, oil and chemical storage areas

at campsites, and vehicles and machinery used in the field.

Construction of the access road and well site preparation will result in the compaction of

around agricultural land. The project may also result in soil contamination from the

spillage of fuels, oils and chemicals during storage and handling, flow of oil and grease

contaminated rig wash to surrounding areas, and seepage of contaminants from waste

pits.

The area's natural drainage might also be affected by project activities, since there are

major gullies or drainage channels passing through the area such as Chutiari dam.

There are no visible signs of any adverse impacts on the soils due to the current OGDCL

operations at Sinjhoro, except from waste water pit. The impact from the wastewater pit

if not properly treated would be moderate that can be mitigated with the proper treatment

of wastewater.


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Improper drainage and effluent exceeding permissible limits may cause some undesirable

effects on the quality of soil for agricultural activity. Therefore, there is a need to provide

proper drainage to waste water. The soil ranging from removal of surface layers along

access trials and in the working areas for excavation and also discharges of wastes in the

adjacent area.

Mitigation Measures

The Sinjhoro gas production field includes new access roads. The following mitigation

measures will be incorporated to prevent the contamination of soil:

• During site clearance and construction the workers should closely be supervised to

avoid cutting of tress .areas requiring deforestation should be clearly delineated prior

to any clearance, large trees requiring incorporating.

• Any new development or improvement of existing access tracks will generally also

try to avoid dense vegetation and sand dunes.

• Whenever practicable trees should be filled down by chain saw rather than uprooted

so as to retain the rooting system.

• Minimizing vegetation loss can reduce the risk of land slippage and soil erosion,

given that vegetation prevents slippage and erosion.

• OGDCL will try to avoid damage to the water channels, by say breaking its

embankments, and will repair any damage that is caused. Conforming to the

safeguards given in the environmental management plan (EMP) will ensure that the

overall impact of the proposed project on the area’s geomorphology and soil remains

insignificant.

• Construction activity will result in removal of cash crops whereas the lying of

pipeline will also affect vegetation. After construction of the proposed gas production

facility thick plantation is recommended to cover the deficiency in cutting of

trees/vegetation.

• Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be stored in covered bunded areas, underlain

with impervious lining.

• Maintenance of vehicles and equipment will only be carried out at designated areas.

• The area will be provided with hard surface or tarpaulin will be spread on the ground

to prevent contamination of soil.

• Spill prevention/drip trays will be provided at refueling locations.

• Vehicles will only be washed at designated areas.

• Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and

equipment.

• Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials,

will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.


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• Contaminated soil will be removed and properly disposed after treatment such as

bioremediation or incineration.

Residual Impacts

Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any long-term residual impact.

6.2.2 Water Resources

The quality of surface and groundwater supplies may deteriorate if pollutants mixes with

surface runoff during rain are carried to water resources in the vicinity, or if pollutants

leach into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in such cases may include:

• Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)

• Oil and grease from vehicles and machinery

• Sediments from altered land surfaces (campsites and new access tracks)

• Stored Fuel, oil and other chemicals

The storage and handling of fuels and lubricants may also contaminate surface and

groundwater resources, if there are spillages that wash into surrounding areas or seep

into the ground. Potential sources of pollution in case of exploratory drilling may

include:

� Domestic waste (sanitary and kitchen discharge)

� Spent drilling mud and drill cuttings

� Oil and grease from rig wash and rig pad

� Sediments from altered land surface (rig site and road)

� Drilling chemicals

� Fuel

Run-off after a storm from the site may contain oil and silt that may pollute the surrounding land. Earthworks may also alter the drainage pattern and affect the storm water flow.

A significant impact will be interpreted if oil and grease is present in the run-off and result in soil contamination. Or disturbance to local drainage patter causing inundation of land upstream or downstream.

The main source of drinking water is ground water, however a number of springs also

exist in the area and the people get water from them.


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After analysis of the sample, it was observed that conductivity and chloride are on higher

side and traces of nitrite were also observed. This is seepage water and as such real water

aquifer has been not been touched. The water table decreases during summer and some

times they get muddy water.

The overall water in the region is saline and full of salts. Due to higher concentration of

chloride, the taste of water also has been changed. Although, the water is not fit for

drinking but nevertheless, the communities need water in huge quantities to meet their

drinking and other needs.

Assessment of Impacts

All wastewater from the kitchens, showers and laundry will be directed into a soak pit.

Gray water from the pit will be pumped out periodically and sprayed along the access

road, to reduce dust generation. Gray water from the pit will only pollute the area's surface

water resources if the pit is allowed to fill up, and rain causes it to overflow into

surrounding areas. Periodic emptying of the pit will ensure that this does not happen. Also,

the pits will be designed so that water from surrounding areas does not flow into them.

Sewage from the camp will go into a concrete septic tank, which will be emptied

whenever necessary. The concrete lining will prevent sewage from polluting groundwater.

All pits should be larger than the required capacity, to prevent them from overflowing.

The pits will have dykes around them to prevent runoff from entering them. All pits will

be lined with impervious pit liner to prevent contaminants from seeping into groundwater.

Some sediment from the work areas will wash into surrounding fields and watercourses.

The quantity is not expected to be significant during the operation period, since all work

areas will be covered with gravel and compacted. A significant amount of sediment may

get washed into fields and watercourses if it rains during the construction period; however

the impact is not expected to be significant, since water in canals and watercourses is

already muddy.

The storage and handling of fuels and lubricants may also contaminate surface and

groundwater resources, if there are spillages that wash into surrounding areas or seep into

the ground.

Mitigation Measures

At present there are no such existing activities by OGDCL to have impact on the

surface/ground water. It is suggested that OGDCL should safely dispose these wastewater

pits including soils. However in future, when it is required to construct such types of pits,


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then they must be properly designed with proper lining at the bottom to prevent seepage of

toxic effluent and to avoid contamination of ground water

It is recommended that proper lining of the waste water pit should be carried out in order

to reduce the seepage to soil/ground water.

• It will be ensured that the project’s water consumption does not reduce the water supply

available to other users. This will be done by assessing existing supply and demand,

for water, conditions in the area.

• Sewage discharge from the camp will go into a concrete lined septic tank.

• Only that water, meeting the national environmental quality standards (NEQS), will

pass from the septic tank into a sump for absorption into the ground. The lining of the

septic tank will prevent untreated sewage from polluting groundwater.

On sewage disposal, the guidelines simply state that, “handle sewage so that surface and

groundwater are not contaminated.” Following the environmental guidelines given in the

EMP the project area’s water resources will not be contaminated.

The mitigation measures described below will ensure that the project area's surface and

groundwater resources are not significantly affected by project activities;

1. All septic tanks will be lined with concrete

2. Septic tanks and other wastewater pits will be emptied periodically to ensure that

effluent does not overflow into surrounding areas

3. Septic tanks and wastewater pits will be designed so that runoff does not flow into

them

4. Pits will have dykes around them to prevent runoff from entering

5. Pits will be lined with impervious pit liner to prevent the seepage of pollutants into the

ground

6. Fuels and lubricants will be stored in areas with impervious floors and dykes that can

contain spills

7. Fuels and lubricants will be handled in areas with impervious floors.

Following measures will be undertaken to prevent any adverse impact to water resources

of the area due to drainage or runoff:

• Proper drainage will be provided to construction camp and construction site,

especially near excavations.

• Mitigation for handling and storage of fuel, oil and chemicals will be followed.


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• All drains will discharge into evaporation pond after required treatment.

• Plant areas will be provided with the plant low volume waste drain system, this drain

system will discharge into plant low volume wastes treatment basin. Water collected

through these drains will be treated by neutralisation and will finally be discharge to

evaporation pond after mixing with cooling tower blow down.

• Plant areas where there are chances of oil contamination in case of a spill, such as the

fuel storage area, the main turbine area etc. will be provided with oil water drainage

system, this drainage system will be routed to an oil separator and finally discharge

into the evaporation pond.

• The entire site will be provided with storm water drainage system.

Residual Impacts

Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures is not likely to leave any significant

impact on the soil or surrounding land.

Camp-effluent

Potential Impacts

Improper disposal of domestic effluent from the camp may result in contamination of soil

and water and become a health hazard.

A significant impact on the environment will be interpreted if the wastewater discharged

is not in compliance with the National Environmental Quality Standards for municipal

effluent if discharged offsite. Or improper discharge onsite causes odour nuisance, and

health hazard.

Impact Assessment

The construction camps will be a source of domestic sewage. Maximum wastewater

discharge is estimated to be 120 m3/day. The source of wastewater will include toilets,

washrooms, laundry and kitchen. The sewage will be collected in closed drains and will

be treated in a wastewater treatment system, using either septic tanks or activated sludge

process. The treated wastewater will be disposed off through evaporation pond.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be taken:

• Camp effluent will be treated onsite before disposal through evaporation pond.


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Residual Impacts


impact on the soil or surrounding land.

Impacts on water resources during Operational phase

The increased withdrawal of surface water for the proposed project may affect the water

availability for the other users of the project area. The perennial surface water channel in

the project area is the Jamrao Canal and the Nara Canal.

A significant impact will be interpreted if water extracted for the project directly affects

the ability of the community and other users to meet their water needs.

Impact Assessment

Main water usage will be the replacement for the cooling tower blow down. Other water

uses will include generation of demineralised water for various plant operations, water

required for staff colony, gardening etc.

There will be onsite water storage pond with storage volume equal to two months water

requirements to store water for canal annual and maintenance closure. Water will be

transported through existing water pipeline.

Proper approval will be sought from the irrigation department for the withdrawal of water.

Hence the project water abstraction will not have any significant impact on water resources

of the area.

Mitigation Measures

• Approval from the concerned departments will be obtained for the withdrawal of canal

water for the plant water requirements.

• The plant cooling system will consist of vertical draft cooling towers with continues

recirculation of cooling water. The cooling water chemistry will be closely monitored

for optimum utilization of cooling water.

• Reverse osmosis (RO) technology may be employed to further reduce the water

requirements of the plant.

• Water conservation program will be initiated in plant colony to prevent wastage of

water.


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Residual Impacts

No significant residual impact on the surface water resources of the area is expected after

the implementation of proposed mitigation measures.

Wastewater

Potential Impacts

The discharge of effluent from the gas production plant from cooling water system can

potentially affect the water resources of the project area.

Assessment of Impacts

Once-through cooling water from steam units it does not require major treatment and is

discharged to the Jamrao Canal.

During cooling tower operation, blow down of all towers is discharged into nearby water

channel. A neutralization basin would be constructed for treatment /neutralization of any

low volume wastes generated by the units prior to discharge. Treated low volume

wastewater and sanitary wastewater from the plant would be discharged to the circulating

water return channel. From here it would be ultimately discharged in to Jamrao canal

along the circulation water. The quality of wastewater which would be disposed off would

be maintained and the parameters would be maintained within the NEQS limits.

The wastewater from the residential colony would be collected by sewer and would be

discharged to series of septic tanks/ponds. These septic tanks/ponds provide

sedimentation, bacteriological decomposition and organic stabilization of sanitary

wastewaters. Such type of septic tanks/ponds is an appropriate and reasonable technology

for the sanitary sewage treatment in this area. Wastewater from these ponds would be

disposed off outside the boundary into the water body nearby , during the low flow

condition this water is also used by the farmer for irrigation purposes.

A significant impact will be interpreted if effluent containing pollutants in concentration

exceeding the NEQS or IFC guidelines are discharged to the canals.

The plant will generate the following effluents:

• Oily water (water contaminated with oil leakage)

• Floor and other washing waters


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• Steam system blow down

• Raw water treatment reject water

• Effluent from the wastewater treatment system

• Sanitary wastewater

Mitigation measures

The treatment process to be employed at the gas production plant will be designed to

ensure compliance with the NEQS and IFC guidelines.

Liquid effluents produced from the proposed plant operation will properly be handled and

treated before disposal. Treated wastewater will comply with the NEQS and IFC

guidelines, wastewater treatment system will comprise the following.

• Oil water separator system

• Chemical wastewater treatment system

• System for removal of solids from the treated wastewater

• Wastewater retention, collection and monitoring basin

The effluents will contain oil, hydrocarbons, sulfide, and BOD. The Effluent Treatment

Plant design should be based on treated discharged from the Effluent Treatment Plant

meeting stringent quality requirements. To meet the requirement physical, chemical, and

biological treatments are employed to remove or reduce the major pollutants in the

wastewater stream. Oil and hydrocarbons are removed by skimming, suspended solids are

removed by settling (physical); sulfides are removed by chemical treatment; and

colloidal/dissolved hydrocarbon (BOD) are removed by using an aerobic activated-sludge

process and sedimentation. The treated water discharged from the Effluent Treatment Plant

should have the following characteristics depending on the quality of the feed stream:

Total Oxygen Demand < 600 ppm (subject to its concentration in the feed stream)

Oil & Grease < 10 ppm

Phenols Subject to its concentration in the feed stream

Due to the installation of the Effluent Treatment Plant, the impacts to water and land resources are minimal, subject to its efficient operation.


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Residual Impacts

As no untreated water will be discharged to the canals no significant impact is expected.

Monitoring Requirements

Periodic monitoring will include:

• Discharge rate of wastewater

• Chemical analysis of the wastewater

6.2.3 Ambient air quality

Dust Emission

Dust generated during construction activities can be substantial. Dust emission from

construction sites is a concern particularly if the site is near residential areas. Dust or the

equivalent technical term ‘particulate matter,’ is generally defined as any airborne finely

divided solid or liquid material up to the size of about 100 microns (micrometers or one-

millionth of a meter)..

Potential Impacts

Particulate matter emitted during construction activities can result in deterioration of

ambient air quality in the vicinity of the source, and be a nuisance to the communities and

plant workers. The main health hazards are the particles smaller than 10 microns

(designated as ‘PM10’) as they are respirable. Larger particles also tend to settle rapidly

and often do not reach receptors. In cases where they reach the receptors, the dust is

considered a nuisance as it may spoil property and affect visibility.

A significant effect on the environment will be interpreted if there is an increase in visible

dust beyond the boundaries of the power plant due to activities undertaken at the plant

site, or the dust affects local property or results in complaints from the community.

Impact Assessment

Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities include

earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles,

truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads, and concrete mixing and

batching.The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the

magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the day.


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Mitigation measures

If no controls are imposed, there will be an increase in the value of PM10 emissions from

the construction site, however due to the distance of the construction site from the closest

receptor; the impact of dust emissions will not be significant.

A wide variety of options exist to control dust emissions from construction sites. The

most effective means of reducing the dust emission is wet suppression. Watering exposed

surfaces and soil with adequate frequency to keep soil moist at all times can reduce the

total dust emission from the project by as much as 75%.25 Specific measures that can be

employed for the proposed construction are as follows;

The following mitigation measures can implemented at the plant construction site during

construction to control emission of particulate matter:

• Water will be sprinkled daily or when there is an obvious dust problem on all exposed

surfaces to suppress emission of dust. Frequency of sprinkling will be kept such that

the dust remains under control, particularly when wind is blowing towards the

receptors.

• Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate storage stockpiles will be reduced by

appropriate measures. These may include:

• Keeping the material moist by sprinkling of water at appropriate frequency

• Erecting windshield walls on three sides of the piles such that the wall project

0.5 m above the pile, or

• Covering the pile, for example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets, to prevent

emissions.

• Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 20 km/h on all unpaved roads

within the plant site.

• Construction materials that are susceptible to dust formation will be transported only

in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emission during transportation.

Residual Impacts

The effects of the dust nuisance are temporary with no long lasting impact expected after the completion of the construction.

The impacts of the project on air quality will remain the same in all areas except when

the campsite and seismic lines are located close to the settlements.


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samples of ambient air were collected from the area around gas field to examine the

impact of OGDCL activities on the local environment/ambient air quality. Results shown

in table ()

At present, there is no OGDCL activity that can affect the air quality in the area.

Concentration of SO2, CO and NO2 were not found.

This was mainly due to the local transportation i.e. vehicular emission and generators.

Noise level at the camp area ranged from 40 – 55dBA. Source of noise included

operation of generator and vehicles plying at road site.

At present there is no air pollution problem resulting from OGDCL’s existing operation

at Field Plant. However, two types of pollutants will cause the air pollution. These

include CO, CO2, SO2, and Oxides of nitrogen and traces of other gases, particulate

pollutants. These include dust, smoke, Carbon particles.

The proposed Sinjhoro gas production facility Project does not have any significant

impact on the air quality of the surrounding area and can be termed as minor.

Greenhouse gas emissions during Operational phase

The heat, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) feeds conditioned air to the

equipment and to the accommodation rooms. The cooling and heating is achieved by

water cooled or water steam heated exchangers. Heat may also be taken from gas turbine

exhaust .Cooling is usually achieved by refrigeration units .The HVAC system is usually

delivered as one package and may also include air emissions cleaning . Some HVAC

subsystems include;

Cool: cooling medium, refrigeration system, freezing system

Heat : heat medium system , hot oil system

Green house gases are released as a result of combustion process and due to processes

mentioned above. The main plant operation that contribute to gas emissions are

condensate stabilization , Liquid dehydration, Flash gas compressors , Gas sweetening

unit ,Gas dehydration unit, De-ethanizer of gas compressors, Refrigeration package, Feed

Gas & sales gas compressors , Flare and flow down system ,Electrical power generation

and Fuel gas system etc. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due

to human activities such as combustion and land use change contributes to the global

warming.


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Smoke is emitted by exhaust pipes of vehicles, generators, engines etc., and mainly

consists of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon particles. Burning of oil, flaring

of natural gas, and use of High Speed Diesel for generators and engines produce

pollutants containing all the gases listed above as gaseous pollutants.

The concentrations of smoke and gaseous pollutants are expected to be small enough to

cause no significant hazard. The wind velocity is relatively during January to April. This

will result in relatively speedier dispersal of smoke and gaseous pollutants of construction

activities during the period, thereby further minimizing the impact on air quality.

Potential Impacts

The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC) an international treaty on global warming. Ratifying

developed countries commit to reduce their combined greenhouse gas levels. Islamic

Republic of Pakistan ratified the United Nations Framework on climate change in

January 1994 and is a party to other international agreements concerning climate change.

Developing countries including Pakistan have no obligation beyond monitoring and

reporting emissions.

Impact Analysis

CO2 emissions result from the combustion of any fossil fuel. CO2 emissions from the

proposed gas production facility can be compared to projects burning alternative fuels.

The liquid that are separated from the gas stream in the first separator may be flowed

directly to a tank or may be "stabilized" in some fashion. It may be shipped without

further processing, but it is stabilized often by blending into the crude oil stream and

thereby sold as crude oil. These liquids contain a large percentage of methane and ethane,

which will flash to gas in the tank. OGDC may use Flash vaporization method for

condensate stabilization. A typical three stage flash separation system is comprised by a

high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure separation .The gas outgoing the

vessels can be recompressed or used as fuel gas depending on the returned value in terms

of product production from that gas. The stabilized condensate has to meet the

specifications and is led to atmospheric storage. The whole process may lead to

greenhouse gas emissions and release of wastewater.

“Sour gas” consists of the hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon components that enter the

gas sweetening process. This step gives the “sweet gas” of hydrocarbons and nitrogen

(if any) in one stream and the “acid gas” of H2S and CO2 in the other stream.

Specification (spec) for gas going to a sales pipeline requires a very low level of H2S. In


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addition other sulfur species have a maximum specification limit. Any undesirable

component must be removed to the specification limit for acceptance for sale. This

process may result in emissions on SOx , NOx and CO2.

Flare system

Flare system will consist of three separate flare headers, two for gas and liquid blow

downs and other for gas relives.

Mitigation Measures

There are no generally accepted methods for the mitigation of CO2, emissions. However,

two possible mitigation strategies were given consideration. These included:

• CO2, removal from the fuel gas at the gas field with re-injection of the CO2.

• Carbon sequestration by planting trees near the site.

CO2 emissions contributes to the global warming however, CO2 emissions from the

proposed project will be considerably less per unit gas generated compared to any other

conventional alternative.

It is recommended that a continuous and effective monitoring program for H2S gas

should be implemented specially when the Sinjhoro gas production Plant is in operation.

The first step is to prepare an emission inventory, which would serve as the basis of

establishing the monitoring program. The inventory should include information

pertaining to the location of the air pollution source, type and magnitude of pollution,

projected emission of pollutants, frequency and duration. OGDCL should ensure that

emissions do not exceed the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) as

authorised by section 6(1)(e) and (g) of the Environmental Protection Act 1997, and are

consistent with the World Bank onshore emission criteria

6.2.4 Noise

Environmental Impacts (Construction phase)

Depending on the construction equipment used and its distance from the receptors, the

community and the existing plant workers may typically be exposed to intermittent and

variable noise levels. During the day such noise results in general annoyance and can

interfere with sleep during the night.


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The potential noise related issues during construction is the disturbance to workers and the

surrounding communities of gas production plant due to construction machinery operation

on the plant site.

Noise sources in the community, mostly intermittent in nature, include farm tractors, farm

equipment, and road traffic. The area surrounding the gas production facility plant site

boundary has low noise pollution. (Table :)

The World Bank guidelines for noise (Table 2.6) require that the sound level in offices

and other similar areas should not exceed 50dB (A). An alternate criterion is the World

Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The maximum noise level is important when

there are distinct events to the noise.

Impact Assessment

The potential sources of significant noise during the construction period include the

construction machinery, generators at camps and construction related traffic. The noise

will be maximum during the day time when construction activities are ongoing.

Monitoring of actual noise levels from construction camp sites for similar projects has

shown that the noise during construction attenuates to ambient levels24 after

approximately 300 m from the sites..

Since the distance from the nearest receptor from the construction location is greater than

500 m, the impact of noise on the community and plant colony will be negligible.

Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures presented here are of general nature as the nature of impact is

temporary occurring during the day time.

• Reduce equipment noise at source by proper design, maintenance and repair of

construction machinery and equipment.

• Minimise noise from vehicles and power generators by use of proper silencers and

mufflers.

• Use noise-abating devices wherever needed and practicable.

Residual Impacts

Residual noise impact is expected to be low from the construction activities of the gas

production plant.


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Environmental impacts during operational phase

Potential Impacts

The proposed gas production plant will result in increase in noise. The increased noise

may be a source of disturbance to nearby communities and the plant workers colony.

Noise sources in the community mostly intermittent in nature include farm tractors, farm

equipment, and road traffic. It can therefore be concluded that area surrounding the plant

boundary has low noise pollution.

The existing day time noise levels at the plant boundary are provided in Table 4.9.The

World Bank guidelines for noise require that the sound level in residential areas should

not exceed 55 dB(A) during the day and 45 dB(A) during the night.26 An alternate

criterion is the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.27

Impact Assessment

The existing daytime noise levels at plant boundary show that at most of the plant

boundary noise levels are well below guideline value of 55 dB(A). The values are higher

than 55 dB (A) at only three location near the plant boundary at check posts which are in

the immediate vicinity of the plant. These noise levels are recorded within the plant

boundary, the plant boundary wall working as a noise barrier will further reduce the noise

levels outside the plant boundary. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook,

Towards Cleaner Production. Environment Department, The World Bank; UNIDO;

UNEP. World Health Organization. 1999. Guidelines for Community Noise. It can be

inferred that even with the doubling the source of noise, the increase over the existing

noise levels will not be more than 2 to 3 dB (A) at a given point in the vicinity of the

power plant. Hence considering the existing noise levels the plant expansion will not

cause the noise levels to increase beyond the international guidelines values.

Noise levels at the plant location will be high, however only concerned staff will be

working in the area with required PPE, and the exposure will be limited to short durations.

The control on occupational hazards including noise is discussed later in this section.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measure will be undertaken in order to further reduce the noise

levels;


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• The noise producing equipments such as the turbines will be placed inside the acoustic

enclosures to reduce noise at source.

Residual Impacts

Implementation of the mitigation measures proposed above will result in negligible / no

residual impact due to plant noise on surrounding environment.

6.3 Impacts on biological Environment

6.3.1 Natural vegetation

As discussed in Section 4, natural vegetation in most of the project area is sparse and has

been replaced by invasive species, it is therefore expected that the overall impact of the

seismic survey on natural vegetation will be insignificant. Campsites will have no impact

on natural vegetation since they will be located in existing clearings.

The trampling or damaging of vegetation will not harm the overall diversity of plant

communities or the genetic diversity of species, since the population size of the species

found is large.

The proposed drilling site and its surroundings have been completely modified due to

irrigated agriculture, and are of no value as wildlife habitat. The drilling site and access

road are located in a wheat/rice field. The only animal species found are common ones

that easily adapt to disturbed environments.

The only areas with some natural vegetation are the Riverine forests along the Indus

River, which are over 70 km away, and will not be affected by the project.

The drilling project will not have a significant impact on the area's biological resources.

However, hunting by project personnel will be completely prohibited

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce any adverse impacts of the seismic

survey;

• When developing new tracks, routes that minimize vegetation loss will be chosen.

• Camps will be established in natural clearings.

• Felling of trees will be avoided.

• Open fires will not be allowed anywhere outside the campsites.


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6.3.2 Wildlife and habitat

During the construction phase, there will be considerable human interventions in the

project area which can potentially affect the wildlife resources of the project area. No

environmentally sensitive area (forest, wetland, national park, wildlife sanctuary, or game

reserve) is located in the vicinity of the project area. The project area has been under

cultivation and human habitation for almost half a century, and the natural vegetation and

habitats have been degraded in most areas. As a result, most wildlife species have either

left the area or become locally extinct. Most of the animals found are common species that

are highly adaptable and are able to co-exist with people.

The wetland in shape of evaporation pond at the plant is providing wintering habitat for a

number of migratory birds where they enjoy complete protection. Any act of wilful

killing, trapping, or trade, of wild animals by project-related personnel will be considered

as significant impact on the wildlife resources.

Impact assessment

During the construction phase and onwards, the change in land use will occur at the site of

plant extension. This will definitely squeeze the existing natural area present in shape of a

semi-desert flat area. However, still there will be about 50% area left without any human

intervention. During the filed visit for the EIA, 85 birds, 16 mammals and 21 reptile

species were recorded from project area and its immediate surroundings. However, none

of these may be considered as critically endangered or key species of global significance.

Even if it is presumed that some of the species may be displaced due to loss of habitat or

temporary disturbance, natural areas would still be available outside walled plant area. As

it has been observed, wildlife is more protected inside plant area than outside where there

is a potential threat of hunting as this part of Sindh is devoid of any notified protected

area.

The construction activities of the project will result in loss of wildlife habitat. The

construction activity disturbs the wild life by noise, traffic and different activities at the

site, especially by generators and compressors.

Disturbance to wildlife is likely to arise during construction phases due to increased

vehicular traffic, noise and movement of people and machinery. This activity may cause

temporary disturbance to nocturnal animals not normally exposed to such levels of noise

and light, although it is likely that the reaction of the animals will simply be to stay away

from the works area.


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During the construction stage, every effort should be made to minimize disturbance to

fauna and OGDCL should enforce speed limit. The standards achieved during the

operational stage should be maintained and improved upon throughout the operational

stage of Field Development Project. Since the feeding and residing areas of the wildlife

are located away from the project area, therefore, the project activities will have no

adverse impact on the resident and migratory wildlife in the area. No significant negative

impacts are anticipate

Mitigation Measures

The measures listed below will minimise the disturbance to the wildlife due to the project

activities.

• A ‘no-hunting, no trapping, no harassment’ policy will be strictly enforced.

• Trading of wild animals or birds by project personnel will also be prohibited.

• Wildlife protection rules will be included in the Camp Rules.

Residual Impacts

Implementation of mitigation measures proposed above will result in negligible residual

impact on the wildlife resources due to construction activities.

The feeding and residing areas of the wildlife are located away from the project area. No

endangered species are present in the project area; hence no negative impact is expected.

The project area is primarily a cultivated area and apart from OGDCL no other industrial

activities are planned that can alter the existing flora and fauna. Sinjhoro gas production

facility is near chutiari dam area and birds, fauna is observed. Different species of

mammals, reptile & amphibians are reported as found in the area .(Photograph No.7:

Wildlife near the Project Area).

Mitigation Measures

In order to reduce the impacts of the proposed project activities on the wildlife resources

of the area, the following restrictions will be imposed;

• Hunting, fishing or capturing wildlife, or otherwise discharging firearms will be

prohibited.

• Harassment or pursuit of wildlife will be prohibited.

• Dens of large mammals and colonies of small mammals and reptiles will be given

appropriate offset from project activities.

• Construction of new tracks will be minimized.


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• Off-road driving will be minimized in order to avoid accidental killing of reptiles.

• Project crew will not buy wild birds from local trappers.

• Waste of any kind will not be discharged in open.

• Movement of project personnel will be restricted to work areas only. They will not be

allowed to stray away in wild areas.

.

6.4 Socio-cultural impacts

Social impact assessment and analysis techniques were employed during the field survey

and community consultation sessions to identify the potential socioeconomic and

cultural impact of the proposed project, and the impact of related project activities on the

area and its people. The effects identified were screened, and their relevance determined

through a review of baseline data and a thorough study of project activities and

processes. The effects were analyzed on the basis of positive or negative impact, and the

intensity and permanence of each.

No adverse socio-economic impacts are identified. In fact, the OGDCL activities had

created positive impact on the economy in the Sinjhro area. Secondary activities of

Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project will boost the local economy. With the Project,

more local inhabitants will get temporary/permanent jobs with OGDCL. There are no

foreseeable problems in the acquisition, supervision, and transportation of the labour

forces during the construction and operation phases of the Sinjhoro gas production

facility Project. In general, there will be significant detrimental long-term changes in the

demographic, employment, and economic patterns because of the proposed Project. The

value of the barani land, mainly due to the OGDCL activities, has increased

considerably in the last three years.

The OGDCL has initiated social sector projects close to its residential colony, which

would facilitate the process of having greater and frequent interaction with the local

population leading to healthy relationships with the local population and the OGDCL

staff:

6.4.1 Possible Displacement

OGDCL’s installations at production field require land. So, private land will have to be

acquired at few designated places for access roads, product storage and transfer facilities.

Appropriate compensation and assistance in relocation should be provided. Any


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resettlement, which should only be considered as a last resort, and compensation should

be undertaken with full and open consultation with the population affected by the project.

The acquired land for dehydration/LPG plants and production facilities should be located

at a suitable distance from local communities, 500 meters minimum, to avoid any

unwanted intrusion on the privacy of the local communities.

The effects will be limited to inconvenience to the local residents and disturbance due to

noise and dust. A limited economic activity of the population (e.g. Agriculture) will

affected due to construction of oil wells, dehydration and LPG plants and staff camp.

Opportunities of employment of local people and the purchase of food and other

consumables from local markets should be maximized, to assist the local economy.

Agreement for the payment of appropriate compensation to landowners and farmers

taking into account the loss of earning from any crop yield which are affected as

discussed with Area Nazim. Provide new water resource to local communities during and

after completion of project. Make necessary arrangements for the provision of

employment opportunities to local people.

It is important for the OGDCL to encourage and facilitate information sharing with all

stakeholders in the project area.

6.4.2 Acquisition of Productive land

The proposed project site is located on arid agricultural land. A total area of around 102

acres has been acquired on lease. The area has presently been leased for a period of one

year. If necessary, the land will be leased depending on the life of the reservoir. To

compensate for involuntary acquisition, the rate paid for the land was higher than the

market value, which is in line with World Bank guidelines on compensation.

The community’s livelihood (household income) is dependent on agriculture and

livestock farming. The proposed program will utilize land for various project activities,

such as campsite establishment and lying of seismic line.

6.4.3 Land use

The construction of the Sinjhoro gas production facility will require about 102 acres of

land including for the plant, residential colony, evaporation and water storage pond.

Ponds will be excavated , land will be cleared and level and excavated earth will be used

as a fill material.


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Potential Impacts

The land use will change from its existing conditions. There are no standards in Pakistan

for maintaining the physical, chemical, or biological properties of soil. An adverse impact

on the land will be interpreted if the land as a result of the project activities becomes

unsuitable for the purpose for which it was originally intended.

Mitigation Measures

• Land uptake will be kept to minimum required.

Residual Impacts

The land use will change as a result of construction of the gas production facility plant.

However the land is acquired by OGDCL for the purpose of construction of gas

production facility.

.

6.4.4 Community Disturbance

Noise from the well site is not expected to result in significant disturbance. The rig is

expected to generate noise between 84 and 92 dB, whereas the noise level of generators is

expected to be between 96 and 106 dB. The nearby village are Goth Qayum Khan,

Ahmedabad , chak 2,4,6,and chak 10 all possible mitigation measures as suggested in the

report would be taken to minimize the community disturbance.

The access road does not pass close to any settlements, and noise from 40- foot flat bed

trailers, even during mobilization and demobilization is not expected to disturb local

communities. No mitigation measures are required to reduce noise impacts.

Community disturbance is likely to become an issue if seismic work is conducted close to

settlements. Various field activities, such as the operation of field equipment will

generate noise, which may disturb people in nearby houses. Vehicles on access tracks

passing close by villages also have the potential to create a disturbance.

Mitigation Measures

The project proponents will keep communities informed of work schedules and of the

nature of work to be undertaken. They will also take advantage of local knowledge

regarding any possible sensitive sites (such as sources of water) or sites of historical or

cultural interest that are located in close proximity to seismic operations. These sites will

not be disturbed during the course of the project.


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6.4.5 Induction of Labour

During the proposed program, unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled labor will be employed

for various jobs. As persons with relevant skills are not available in the locality, most of

the skilled and many of the semi-skilled jobs may be filled by people from outside the

project area. In addition, the number of unskilled jobs available may be limited. All of

this means that the proposed program will create few job opportunities for the local

community. Skilled labor for the project brought in from outside the project area may

cause resentment among local communities. A second issue related to hiring of labor is

the distribution of the available jobs within clans, tribes, and villages. Employment

opportunities for paid work in the area are virtually nonexistent and, for the duration of

any project, there might be a sharp increase in the expectation of opportunities for paid

work. Families close to the project activities expect an improvement in their quality of

life and employment not equitably and judiciously distributed between the tribes of the

project area will result in intertribal conflict.

Mitigation Measures

OGDCL will adopt a transparent process for the employment of semi-skilled and

unskilled laborers. All unskilled jobs related to the seismic survey will be provided to the

local communities.

OGDCL will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Before any project, the local communities

and other stakeholders in the project area will be informed of the employment policy in

place and the number of people that can be employed from the local communities.

Locals will be employed based on the following criteria;

• The employment process will be transparent, fair and open

• Local people from villages closest to the project site (and therefore the most likely to

be affected by project activities) will be given preference.

In order to benefit local communities and avoid causing resentment and dissatisfaction,

unskilled jobs will be reserved for the local population.

OGDCL will ensure the balance employment of tribal groups, with preference given to

those most directly affected by the project. A proportionate share will be given to the

locals in unskilled, semi-skilled, and security-related jobs in order to mitigate

employment-related conflicts and to build local human capital


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6.4.6 Community Health and Safety

Health

People from the project area regularly travel to other cities, and thus cannot be considered

isolated from the rest of the country. They are regularly exposed to illnesses common to

urban populations, and have similar levels of immunity. The drilling crew of around 100

people will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be screened for

communicable diseases. In addition, there will be very little contact between drilling

crews and local people. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead to an epidemic of

any sort among local communities.

Mitigation Measures

The crew will undergo medical examinations before being hired, and will be screened for

communicable diseases. The project is therefore very unlikely to lead to an epidemic of

any sort among local communities.

Safety

The drill rig, flare pit and residential camp will be fenced off, and will therefore not

endanger local people. The only safety issue is that of traffic, especially as it leaves the

rig and campsite, and merges into Sanghar road traffic. To reduce the hazard, the

following mitigation measures will be implemented:

� A stop sign will be put up on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.

� A speed breaker will be constructed on the access road where it meets Sanghar road.

� The speed limit for the access road will be 30 km/h.

Project activities, such as the handling of fuels and field equipment operation for

drilling/surveying could become a hazard if conducted in populated areas, where local

people, especially children are likely to gather around to watch any ongoing activity. The

other safety issue concerns traffic, especially along access roads close to settlements.

Sudden loud noise can cause discomfort and may even instill fear in the young. The

community showed certain apprehensions in this respect during the survey. Particularly,

they feared that the blasting noise from seismic survey would disturb their children and

elders.


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The typical noise from the seismic survey is generally of low intensity and is not audible

beyond few hundred meters. Rarely a louder noise may generate if an explosive shot is

misfired. Shooting and recording on a seismic line is a one-time activity that is not

repeated. Thus the noise is unlikely to create any real discomfort or nuisance.

Mitigation Measures

• The seismic lines will pass at a safe distance from human settlements. The safe

distance will be determined prior to the project on the basis of the noise generated by

the quantity of explosive used.

• The communities elders local leaders, men and women will be informed well ahead

of the project activities near their village so that is no inconvenience is caused to the

communities and vulnerable groups.

Occupational health and safety

This section discusses the occupational and safety impacts of operations of various plant

components.

a. Safety

The major safety topics discussed below include:

• Electrical hazards

• Confined space entry

• Machine guarding

• Eye, head and foot protection

• Fire and explosion hazards

• House keeping Issues

Electrical Hazards

Electrical hazards constitute a major threat to employees at a gas generation facility.

Care will be taken to properly ground and insulate all equipment, maintenance activities

around electrical equipment will utilise written procedures to de-energise circuits that

will be impacted by the repair activity. Tools shall also be of the type that will not

conduct electricity if circuits cannot be de-energised.

Confined Space Entry

Standard procedures for confined space entries will be in written form and will include

electrical lockout, air testing before and during entry, proper respiratory protection if

required, standby help (buddy system), and piping system disconnection. Hazardous air

conditions that may be encountered are oxygen deficiency and toxic gases such as


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aromatic hydrocarbons.

Machine Guarding

Proper machine guarding, which is critical for the prevention of injuries to workers by

isolating them from moving machinery, will be provided. Examples of critical guarding

points are fan belts and moving gears. Guard railing necessary to minimise hazard of falls

from elevated walkways on equipment such as fuel storage tanks will be provided.

Eye, Head and Foot Protection

Head protection will be worn in appropriate plant areas, i.e., power block and production

areas. Open-toed shoes will be prohibited. Eye protection will be required during all

maintenance activities involving dust exposure or the production of particulates from

sanding or grinding activities.

Fire and Explosion Hazards

Explosion and fire are a risk from flame out, electrical fault, or equipment overheating.

Fire fighting equipment will be available in the form of ABC fire extinguishers as a

minimum, and their locations will be clearly marked. Exits from work places will be well

marked and visible in dim light. Fire water will be located throughout the plant in

wellmarke piping. Diesel engines will be provided to assure the system has power for fire

protection. Portable fire extinguishers will be located in appropriate areas for use by

employees.

House Keeping

Housekeeping will be frequent and thorough to prevent slips, trips, and falls. Problem

areas include aisles and roadways that are often oily from machinery leakage. Visibility

will be clear at pathway intersections to prevent employee injury and equipment damage.

A lockout / tag out program will be implemented

b. Occupational health

The occupational topics discussed below include:

• Chemical exposure

• Noise levels

• Medical Monitoring

• Ambient temperature

• Respirator Usage


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Chemical Exposure

Chemical exposure during operation of the plant is a possibility. Workers need to be

trained in the potential health effects of these chemicals and the job categories in which

exposure is most likely to occur. Some compounds, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur

dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen may be present at times at low concentrations. These

compounds are product of combustion, and high levels are anticipated only during

process upsets. Low sulfur fuel oil will be used to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Most

chemicals are likely to be encountered only during periodic maintenance activities and

proper precautions will be taken to minimise employee risks. Respirator will be used if

required such as entry into confined space where hazardous gases are present. Proper

training will be provided to the staff prior to operations for chemical exposure.

Noise Levels

Measurements of noise exposure will be made for all job categories as soon as the new

equipment is fully operational. Employee exposure above 90 dBA requires engineering or

administrative controls to reduce exposure wherever feasible. If noise reduction is not

feasible, personal protective equipment must be worn for those job categories with

exposures over 90 dB (A). In addition, a hearing-conservation program is recommended

for all employee exposure over 85 dB (A). The hearing-conservation program should

include audiometery, training in the use of hearing protection (ear muffs, plugs, canal

caps), identification of areas that have high (85 dB (A) or above) sound levels, and

discussion of the effects of noise exposure.

Medical Monitoring

Medical monitoring is important for all facility workers. Pre-employment medical

examinations will be utilised to develop a baseline set of data for each worker which can

be compared to future data developed during periodic examinations. A medical clinic

with basic medical facilities and a qualified medical practitioner will be present in plant

worker’s colony for routine medical monitoring.

6.4.7 Interactions with communities and mobility of women

There is expected to be very little interaction between crews and local communities,

expect for the local people who are hired for the project. However, the influx of outsiders

may affect the mobility of local women. Project activities may also restrict the movement

of pilgrims.

Mitigation Measures

OGDCL will strive to maintain contact with major stakeholders, particularly local

communities, through all stages of project implementation. This is necessary to engender


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a sense of community in the project proponents and to ensure that the community’s

concerns are responded to at every stage. The purpose of such contact is to develop a

relationship of trust with the local communities, keeping in mind that the exploration may

lead to the development of long-term interests in the region.

6.4.8 Employment and Income Generation

The project is not likely to lead to significant, long-term income generation for local

people. It is expected that the maximum number of unskilled jobs, for which local labor

can be used, will be generated during access road construction, site preparation, and site

restoration. During the drilling phase, very few unskilled jobs will be available, although

some people may be hired as watchmen or laborers at the rig and camp, or for access road

maintenance.

When giving out jobs, preference should be given to people from around the well site.

6.4.9 Archeological or Cultural Resources

It is possible that the project may damage structures, such as archaeological sites, houses,

water wells and canals and water courses, owned and used by local people.

No known sites of archeological or cultural value are known to exist near the proposed

well site or along the access road. The project is therefore not expected to have any

impact on archeological or cultural resources of the area. However, all contractors hired

for construction or drilling work must be instructed to notify OGDCL immediately if any

artifacts or sites of archeological or cultural value are found while working in the area, so

that measures can be taken for their salvage or protection.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the area’s

cultural resources and infrastructure:

• All graveyards and shrines and other cultural sites in the vicinity of the project area

will be identified before the survey.

• No seismic shooting will take place within a circle of ‘safe’ radius from the sites. The

safe radius will be determined on the basis of the quantity of explosive used.

• Communication will be established with the local spiritual leader and the

communities to explain about the activities near the sites

• To reduce the chances of damage, a safe distance between the seismic lines and the

structures will be maintained (Table 3 provides some safe distances for reference

purpose


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The following mitigation measures will be implemented to prevent damage to

archaeological resources:

• Before any project, the archeological sites in vicinity of the project will be identified.

• When locating the project facilities, an attempt will be made to avoid these scatters.

• Any site that is within 200 m of any project activity or facility will be cordoned off so

that they do not get accidentally damage.

Appropriate project staff will be trained to identifying items of archaeological importance

so that no artifact is inadvertently destroyed during the project construction activities.

6.5 Water use

The water during the construction activity will be required for the domestic water

consumption at the construction camp and for the construction activities including

sprinkling of water for dust suppression. It is estimated that peak water requirement during

construction phase will be 400 m3/day. Water will be obtained from bores which are

planed to meet the water requirements.

Potential impacts

The extraction of water for the construction may affect the water availability for other

water users.

An adverse impact on the water resources will be interpreted if it is established that the

water extraction during construction has directly affected the ability of the community to

meet their water needs.

Mitigation

Following mitigation measures should be incorporated to minimise any impacts;

• Water will only be abstracted from canal after proper approval from the concerned

departments.

• Water conservation programme will be initiated to prevent wastage of water.

• Water, if extracted from the project area, will only be extracted from the deep aquifer

(below 30 m).

• No existing community wells will be used to meet the project’s water requirement.

• New wells for the project activities will be installed 500 m away from any water body

and community well, if technically feasible


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Residual Impacts

Residual impacts are foreseen to be negligible / low in this case.

6.6 Communities Grievances

A framework for addressing community grievances in the context of the project is

necessary. OGDCL will address all community grievances in order to avoid conflict

between the company and the local communities.

Mitigation Measures

All the grievances of the communities (men and women) will be addressed through social

complaint register as well as through continuous contact with the communities in a

culturally sensitive manner. Specifically, OGDCL will create a system to register and

manager social complaints against the company. All complaints, raised by anyone in the

community and communicated by any means, will be recorded. One senior staff member

will be designated as the manager of the system. Once recorded, the complaint will be

screened by the manager and genuine cases identified. The screening will be done on the

basis of preset criteria, which may be in the form of simple check list. If it is determined that

no action is required, the decision and its justification will be recorded. If it is determined

that no action is required, the responsibility and the target completion date will also be

recorded. Alternatively, an investigation may be carried out. The decision of the company

on any issue will always be communicated back to the complainant. All complaints recorded

in the system will be periodically reviewed in a high-level meeting or by a nominated

committee.

6.7 Waste Management

Solid Waste

The solid waste at Sinjhoro production facility will primarily consist of:-

• Solid waste from empty packaging

• Discarded chemicals and additives

• Discarded and unserviceable equipment

• Scrap metal and wood

• Domestic refuses.

The hazardous solid waste should be disposed off by incineration


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Liquid waste

The major source of effluent discharge in the proposed Sinjhoro Field Development Project

is the produced water from the LPG Plant and the domestic liquid waste will be primarily

composed of the following:

• Produced water from dehydration, LPG Plant and wells

• Lubricating oils and greases

• Liquid sanitary waste from the residential colony.

• Liquid kitchen waste

• Laundry waste

OGDCL should introduce the close drain system with CPI separator for safe and

environmentally friendly operation at Sinjhoro gas field to process the produced water and

drains up to the allowable industrial effluent discharge limits. The water from high pressure

production separator and flash separator will go to water flash vessel, where flash gases

routed to flare and water goes to close drain header and all other drains from the plant also

connected to close drain header from where it goes to Produced Water CPI.

The produced water of the Sinjhoro should be disposed to a wastewater pit and the water is

evaporated to the atmosphere. The waste water pit must be sealed by an acceptable clay or

synthetic layer or any approved material to prevent leakage.

The lubricating oils and greases should be properly dumped into a waste pit, approximately

100m long by 50m wide and 3-4m deep. The liquid waste should be allowed to evaporate

and any residual solids should be buried.

The liquid sanitary and kitchen waste are presently being discharged into open should be

discharged into a septic tank. The laundry waste should be disposed off into an unlined

evaporation pit.

Waste management during operational phase

Hazardous materials

Potential Impacts

The operations of plant will require use of process chemicals for water treatment, as

lubricants and corrosion control etc. Some of these chemicals may be of hazardous nature.

These chemicals have a potential to harm human health and contaminate soil, surface and

groundwater if not handled correctly.A significant impact will be interpreted if the

hazardous material are not handled properly i.e. in manner other than that prescribed in the

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).


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Impact Assessment

The chemicals for the plant operations will include various salts, coagulants, flocculants,

Sulfuric acid and caustic soda for water treatment and regeneration systems, lubricants,

corrosion inhibiter WD40 etc. for use in plant maintenance and workshop. The operation of

plant will not require chemicals in large quantities.

These chemicals and hazardous materials will be handled following the mitigation measures

described below:

Mitigation Measures

A chemical and hazardous material handling procedure will be prepared that will contain:

• Storage and handling of hazardous materials will be in accordance with international

standards and appropriate to their hazard characteristics.

• Storage areas for fuels and liquid chemicals will be designed with secondary containment

to prevent spills and contamination of soil and groundwater. The secondary containment

will be impervious with a capacity of at least 110% of the largest single container.

• Labelling will be placed on all storage vessels/containers as appropriate to national and

international standards. The labeling will clearly identify the stored materials.

• Supporting information such as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be available for

all hazardous materials.

• A Hazardous Materials Register will be in place that covers:

• Hazardous Material name

• HAZCHEM/United Nations Code

• MSDS

• Summary of maximum inventory

• Storage requirements and precautions

• Location, physical properties of the materials where they are used

• Approved disposal methods

• Disposal of any hazardous material will be according to the MSDS requirements.

Residual Impacts


impact.

.


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Solid waste management

Potential Issues

The solid waste generated during the operational phase of proposed project can pose a health

hazard, pollute soil, surface and ground water if not managed properly. A significant impact

will be interpreted if the waste management is not carried out properly; witch may effect to

health of workers, pollution of soil, surface or groundwater:

• Any person is exposed to potentially hazardous waste generated by the project.

• Excessive wastes are generated, recyclable waste are not recycled, waste are scattered,

handling of wastes results in contamination, and wastes are improperly disposed off

causing pollution

Impact Assessment

The operation of the proposed plant will generate a relatively minor volume of solid wastes.

The waste generated during the operation phase of the project will include:

• The evaporation ponds will generate about 970 m3 per year of solids that will accumulate

in the pond at a rate of about 0.66 cm per year.

• A similar quantity of settleable solid waste will be generated in the raw water storage

and pre-treatment system for the facility. This solid waste stream will consist of settled

solids in the raw water storage pond, clarifier sludge, and filtration residue. These

solids waste streams are neither toxic nor hazardous.

• Other wastes from the power plant operations will include, various oil and air filters, used

lubricating oils, wastes from workshops, empty containers, scrap and debris from

various plant maintenance and operations activities.

• Domestic waste from the power plant colony which will include, waste from kitchen and

general rubbish, recyclable waste such as empty containers, paper, plastics bottles etc.

All wastes generated from the project will be properly managed by proposed controls

discussed in the following section. The environmental impacts will be minimum after the

implementation of the proposed mitigations.

Mitigation Measures

Key elements of the waste management system will be the following:

• Separate waste bins will be placed for different type of wastes - plastic, paper, metal,

glass, wood, and cotton.

• Recyclable material will be separated at source. The recyclable waste will be sold to

waste contractors for recycling.


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• Non-hazardous non-recyclable wastes such as construction camp kitchen wastes will be

disposed off in an onsite landfill.

• No waste will be dumped at any location outside the plant boundary.

• All hazardous waste will be separated from other wastes. Hazardous wastes will be stored

in designated areas with restricted access and proper marking. Hazardous wastes will be

disposed off through approved waste contractors.

• Surplus materials including partially filled chemical and paint containers will be returned

to suppliers. Inert wastes will be disposed off onsite as fill material.

• Records of all waste generated will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed,

recycled, or reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register.

• Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation, and management of

waste.

Residual Impacts

Proper implementation of the mitigation measures will ensure that the residual impact from

waste is minimum. Monitoring and inspection will be undertaken to ensure compliance and

minimise any residual impact.

Wastewater

Potential Impacts

The plant operation will generate wastewater in the form of cooling tower blow down,

plant low volume wastes and sanitary wastewater from plant colony. The wastewater can

be a potential source of pollution to surface and groundwater resources of the area.

A significant impact will be interpreted if discharged to the environment exceed the

NEQS limits for effluent discharge or World Bank guidelines for effluent discharge from

plant. Similarly a significant impact will be interpreted if wastewater contaminates the

groundwater.

Impact Analysis

Wastewater generated during the operation of plant is estimated to be approximately 1,240

m3 per day. There will no discharge to the environment as the plant is designed as a zero

discharge facility. The wastewater will be disposed through onsite evaporation after

required treatment.


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Mitigation Measures

Following mitigation measures will be adopted for effective management of wastewater

from the plant;

• The facility will be constructed as a zero discharge facility; wastewater will be

disposed off through onsite evaporation pond after required treatment.

This should be noted that the NEQS standards and World Bank guidelines are for discharge

into inland waters and hence do not apply for the disposal through evaporation pond, the

comparison has been given as a reference only.

• The wastewater from low volume waste stream will be treated by sedimentation, flow

equalization, and neutralization in the treatment basin before discharging into the

evaporation pond.

• Sanitary wastewater will be treated in a wastewater treatment plant under aerobic

conditions before discharge into the evaporation pond.

• Sanitary wastewater system will have capacity to treat additional effluent generated

from camp operations during the plant outage when maintenance staff is also residing

in the plant.

In compliance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. Rules 55 and 56 of the 1986 Exploration and Production Rules, OGDCL is required to protect aquifers which are an underground source of drinking water or other aquifers which may be used by the community for drinking or agricultural use. According to the contractor, the design of their dehydration and H2S Removal Plant and Gas Gathering System includes three different types of drain for process water/condensate, closed drain for amine and open drain for collecting rain/storm water.

Produced water will be disposed of by injection into a shallow aquifer. The location of the well and the flowing wellhead pressure are not yet known. The injection water must meet the following specification - based on flowing wellhead pressure of 750 psig:

Total suspended solid 1 mg/l (max)

Particle size 5 um (max)

Oil 5 mg/l (max)

PH 5.0 to 8.0

Drain water will be disposed of in an open pit, some 1.0 km away from the plant

area. The main specifications on this are maximum total dissolved solids of 500

mg/l, and free from floating oil. This corresponding to a free oil content of 30 mg/l


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or less. According to the contractor, produced water and drain water of the facilities

will be connected with the main system of the of the dehydration plant.

There will be housing facilities for the OGDCL, consultants and contractors during

the pre and post construction phases.

The Effluent Treatment Plant will treat all the above effluents.

Residual Impacts

Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and regular monitoring is not likely to

leave any significant impact of the wastewater from the proposed plant.

6.8 Fuel Management

During pre and post construction phases of the Sinjhro Gas Field Development Project, fuel

would be stored in large quantities for the operation of generators and vehicles. Adverse

impacts of a temporary nature on the surface waters and ground water may result if

accidental spill of petroleum products occur. Therefore, storing and transferring such

materials at locations away from drainage ways will minimize the risk of such occurrence.

Following specific guidelines for fuel storage and handling should be considered:

• Temporary fuel storage containers should be situated at least 100m away from any

water body so that spillage or leakage should not reach the water.

• Fuel tanks are preferable to bladders, and welded steel tanks are preferable to bolted

ones.

• Fuel storage areas should be clearly marked or barricaded to ensure that moving

vehicles does not damage them. The markers should be visible under adverse weather

conditions. Smoking should not be permitted within 10 m of the fuel storage area and

the International sign "NO SMOKING" should be posted.

• Dykes should be built around fuel tanks to contain accidental spills and leakages. The

containment area should be 110% of the volume of the largest tank being contained.

Provision should be made in the containment areato drain uncontaminated rainwater.

Provision should also be incorporated into the design to drain the containment area

into an impermeable pit or tank if required for spill cleanup. The containment should

not be located in a drainage channel and should have ditches constructed to divert any

water around the area.

• Proper electrical grounding should be provided for all fuel storage containers as well

as for loading and off loading equipment.


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Chemicals storage and handling

A lot of chemical would be utilised at the Sinjhoro Gas Field Development Project

mainly for the operation of dehydration plant, H2S removal plant and effluent treatment

plant.

Treithylene Glycol (TEG), Diethylene Glycol (DEC) and Ethlyene Glycol (EC) are the

most common liquid desiccants used in the gas industry mainly in the dehydration plant,

of these, TEG is the most common because it is less prone to vapor losses. Since glycols

used for this purpose are regenerated and recycled by a continuous process in a closed

system, they are only released to the environment to any significant degree because of

spillage.

In addition to vaporization losses, other losses include spillage and those resulting from

foaming in the absorber or regenerator. To prevent pH reduction of glycol’s and hence to

retard chemical decomposition, small amounts of bases, such as teiethanolamine, borax

or sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, are added. Other possible contamination in glycol’s,

lost from the processing system, are saline water (brines), hydrogen sulphide and carbon

dioxide.

Because of their heat transfer characteristics, low freezing point and high boiling point,

glycol’s are used extensively for both heating and cooling. Some gas pipelines include a

small diameter glycol’s pipeline in the same trench to heat the gas. Similarly, many

cooling systems use water/glycol solutions. The most common are liquid cooled engines

(e.g. compressors) and liquid cooling towers. Again, being closed systems, losses other

than accidental are minimal.

The disposal options are as follows:

a) Preferred

Deep well Injection: Glycol’s should be segregated from other wastes and

reused. Glycol’s from spillage are usually disposed of by washing to an on-project

area containment pit, together with other organic compound spillage’s, followed

by injection into a disposal well.

b) Acceptable

i) Land Application


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Provided suitable land is available, dilute glycol solution (maximum 1000 PPM)

from storage pits could be used for irrigation. This method is particularly

attractive if deep well injection is not possible because there is no suitable well

available or there is an incompatibility between this wastewater and other fluids,

or conventional wastewater treatment systems are incapable of treating the waste

adequately or economically to a degree that allows surface discharge.

Land application techniques are in some cases inadvisable or impossible,

particularly if the wastewater is saline. In the case of glycol, wastewater is saline,

the presence of brines could render this method unsuitable if the concentration of

the glycol in the wastewater is too high.

Glycol’s added to soil at low application rates will be readily degraded by a large

number of heterotrophic organisms. The fate of glycol’s in an aerobic soil will be

similar to alcohol’s and result in oxidation products of CO2 and H2O. As with

other non-refractory hydrocarbons. Addition to soil will result in a drain on the

nutrient pool, particularly available nitrogen and phosphorus. These should

therefore be added to the glycol treated area at a rate designed to maintain C/N

and C/P ratios similar to those of the untreated soil.

ii) Incineration

Provided due consideration is given to gaseous emissions in compliance with air

quality standards, glycol’s may be disposed of by incineration. Glycol’s per se

would oxidize to CO2 and H2O. Potential contaminants in the glycol such as

sulphur would result in small amounts of SO2 being emitted to the atmosphere.

c) Unacceptable

i) Discharge to Creeks or Surface Waters

Direct discharge of untreated glycol’s to creeks or other surface waters is un-

acceptable because this could lead to degradation of these compounds by aquatic

organisms. The resulting reduction in dissolved O2 could kill fish. Furthermore,

since some glycol’s used in plant processes are likely to be sour (contain H2S) a

direct fish toxicity problem may occur. Brines, if present, would result in

deterioration of water quality by increasing undesirable salts.

ii) Uncontrolled discharge to surface soils


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The storage and handling of fuels are a major environmental concern therefore , good house

keeping practices should be maintained at Sinjhoro Field. As a standard practice, fuel

storage tanks are placed above ground. The stored fuels are also one of the potential hazards

and require strict adherence to the safety procedures and regulations of the OGDCL.

6.9 Conclusions

The construction and operation of the Sinjhoro gas field Development Project will have

impacts on the physical, biological, and social environment. However, majority of these

impacts will be project area specific, short term, and insignificant. The few, which are

potentially significant, would be mitigated or prevented.

The installation of proposed LPG Plant and allied facilities at Sinjhoro gas production Field

would cause no major losses or degradation of irreplaceable natural resources in the areas

surrounding the field. The land in and around Sinjhoro gas production Field are primarily

Barani land, whereas the nature of the region is not recognized as being of high landscape or

recreational value and there are no features of historic, cultural, or conservation value in or

immediately surrounding of the Sinjhoro gas production Field.

The utilization of Sinjhoro oil and gas will provide more revenue to OGDCL. The District,

Provincial, and the Federal Governments will benefit by additional taxes and duties

collected due to increased economic activity i.e., procurement of equipment and material for

construction and operation and transportation of goods to Sinjhoro. Moreover, the Sinjhoro

gas Field Development Project will create permanent jobs.

The overall effect of the Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project will be positive. There is

no factor or combination of factors, which would preclude the attainment of satisfactory

environmental social conditions in the area of the Sinjhoro gas Field Development Project.

No significant changes to the health of project workers are anticipated as a result of the air

or water emissions at the project area. This will be achieved through use of facility design,

which would minimize impacts to worker health and safety.


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Table 6.1: Impact Assessment matrix

Environmental

parameters

Land

use

Soil &

geology

Water

quality

Air

quality

Noise Flora &

fauna

Jobs Population

density

Project Activities

Land acquisition

Land clearing

Civil

Construction

work

Water supply

Mechanical & Electrical erection

Transport

Accommodation

of Labour

Operation phase


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7. Environmental Management Plan

7.1. Introduction

This document provides the environmental management plan (EMP) of the proposed

project. As per the environmental legislation in Pakistan, the EMP for the operations

phase, along with other documents, is to be submitted to the relevant environmental

protection agency prior to the project commissioning in order to obtain confirmation for

compliance and environmental approval for project operation.

7.2. Purpose and Objectives of the EMP

The primary objectives of the EMP are to:

• Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified for construction

phase in the EIA

• Define the responsibilities of the project proponent and contractor and provide a

means of effective communication of environmental issues between them

• Identify monitoring parameters in order to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation

measures

• Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated

environmental situations

• Identify training requirements at various levels.

• The EMP is prepared on the basis of the details currently available on the

construction phase of the project. As construction contractor is appointed and

further information, the EMP will be amended to reflect the change. However, no

mitigation measures committed in the EMP can be changed.

7.3 Management Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the client and contractor are briefly described below:

• Primary responsibilities:

• As regards environmental performance during the project, the respective highest-

ranking officers in the country will assume the primary responsibilities on behalf of

both the project proponent and contractor.


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• OGDCL’s Project Manager will be responsible for EIA and EMP compliance

throughout the project on behalf of the company itself.

• OGDCL will coordinate with the concerned government departments.

• Project management and quality control:

• Carrying out construction activities in an environmentally sound manner during the

project will be the responsibility of the contractor’s site manager.

• OGDCL’s Construction representative will be responsible for the overall

environmental soundness of all field operations Specific roles and responsibilities

for environmental monitoring are provided in Table 7.1.

7.4. Construction Phase EMP

7.4.1 Components of the EMP

The EMP consists of the following:

• Mitigation plan

• Monitoring Plan

• Communication and documentation

• Change management

• Environmental training

7.4.2. Mitigation Plan

The mitigation plan is a key component of the EMP. It lists all the mitigation measures

identified in the EIA and the associated environmental or social aspect. The mitigation

measures for plant construction are presented in Table 7.2. The measures are organized

under the following environmental aspects of the project activities:

• Construction noise control plan

• Dust emission

• Vehicle and equipment exhaust

• Water conservation plan

• Community safety plan

• Soil contamination

• Hazardous and non-hazardous waste management plan


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7.4.3 Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring is a vital component of the environmental management plan.

It is the mechanism through which the effectiveness of the environmental management

plan in protecting the environment is measured. The feedback provided by the

environmental monitoring is instrumental in identifying any problems and planning

corrective actions.

7.4.4 Objectives of Monitoring

The main objectives of the environmental monitoring during the construction phase of

the proposed expansion plan will be:

• To provide a mechanism to determine whether the project construction contractors

are carrying out the project in conformity with the EMP

• To identify areas where the impacts of the projects are exceeding the criteria of

significance and, therefore, require corrective actions

• To document the actual project impacts on physical, biological, and socioeconomic

receptors, quantitatively where possible, in order to design better and more effective

mitigation measures

• To provide data for preparing the monitoring report to be submitted to the SEPA

after the completion of the construction phase.

7.4.5 Environmental Monitoring

A) Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase

The environmental monitoring of the proposed project is principally a tool to ensure that

the environmental control measures required in the EIA are strictly adhered to during the

project activity. The objectives of the environmental monitoring will be to:

• Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractors or any other

person associated with the project

• Verify that the activities are undertaken in compliance with the EIA and other

conditions identified by OGDCL

• Document and communicate the observations to the concerned person(s) of OGDCL

so that any corrective measures, if required, can be taken in a timely fashion

• Maintain a record of all incidents of environmental significance and related actions

and corrective measures

• Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance of OGDCL and its

contractors.


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The mitigation plan provided will be used as a management and monitoring tool for

environmental monitoring. The remaining checklists will be developed by the

Independent Monitoring Consultant on the basis of the mitigation plan.

Environmental monitoring will be the responsibility of all organizations involved in the

project, i.e., OGDCL, the contractors, and the Independent Monitoring Consultant. It will

be carried out by the following: Independent Monitoring Consultant

• Project Proponents’ Environment Coordinator and HSE QC

• IMC’s field monitors

• Contractors’ Environment Officers.

Specific environmental monitoring control measures are described below:

Construction of Camps

Construction camps will be established and operated in a manner that ensures minimum

environmental impacts. In particular, the following measures will be taken.

• Photographs will be taken to record the conditions before setting-up camp.

• Camps will not be established within a 300-m radius of any water body or dry

streambeds.

• Camps will be established in the existing clearings.

• If creating a clearing for a camp site is unavoidable, the damage to topsoil and

vegetation will be minimized: root stock will not be destroyed; trees and bushes will

not be burnt, and will not be disposed of in any water body or dry streambed.

• Camps will be kept as small as possible.

• No water will be drawn from the local water sources unless it is established that they

have sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of the local community, as well as

the camp.

• The natural drainage will not be disturbed.

• Local wood will not be used for building fires or cooking.

• A sufficient quantity of waste bins will be placed around the camp.

Waste Disposal

Waste disposal will be carried out in a manner that environmental impact is negligible.

The following specific measures will be adopted:

Concrete septic tank(s) will be used for sewage treatment, and outlets will be released in

sumps.

• Sumps will be built in absorbent soil down slope from the camp. They will be:


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o Large enough to contain the camp wastewater and rainwater.

o Built in a way that prevents the entry of surface water.

• Covered to reduce access of insects and animals.

• Sumps will not be built within 300m of any water hole, stream or dry streambed; the

bottom of the sump will be above the groundwater level.

• Food wastes will be disposed in waste bins at suitable locations around the camps.

• Waste bins will be emptied daily; the Contractor staff at Site and the ash spread on the

ground will incinerate combustible waste regularly. Alternatively, the waste will be

shipped to nearest where municipal waste is being dumped for proper disposal.

• Hazardous solid waste should be incinerated.

• All recycle garbage will be collected and sold to local contractors.

Road Travel

During the construction, vehicles will be restricted to access roads and tracks. The

following control measures will be enforced to minimize environmental impacts:

• The number of routes used will be minimized

• Photographs will be taken to record the conditions of the routes prior to usage.

• Routes will be used according to the classification, suitable for vehicles, not suitable

for vehicles, suitable for daytime only etc.

• Vehicles will not be used off the existing roads/tracks.

• Travel on the access roads will be minimized through sound upfront planning.

• Vehicle speed will be limited to 40 kmp/h on dirt roads to minimize damage to topsoil

and dust emissions’ drivers will be careful and watchful of wild and domestic animals.

• Natural drainage will not be disturbed or altered; special care will be taken to

minimize soil erosion; soil erosion, if any, will be monitored.

• The use of horns will be avoided; pressure horns will not be allowed at all.

• Litter of cigarettes will not be thrown outside the vehicles; all vehicles will carry

adequate means of storing such trash, which will be discharged at the campsite or any

other designated place for this purpose.

Pipeline Construction

Some specific control measures should be taken during the preparation stage are described

below:-

• Photographs will be taken of the sensitive areas to record conditions.

• Cleaning of vegetation of felling of trees will be avoided.

• Where removing vegetation is unavoidable, vegetation will not be burnt or disposed of

in any water body or dry streambed.

• Natural drainage will not be disturbed; soil erosion will be minimized.


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• Periodic diversions will be used where needed, in order to prevent a route from

becoming a new drainage path.

• Streams and dry streambeds will be crossed in a manner that prevents damage to the

stream banks.

Vehicles

The following environmental control measures will be employed for while operating and

maintaining vehicles:

• Vehicles will be maintained and inspected periodically.

• Oil, fuel, acid or water leaks from the vehicles will be immediately attended; vehicles

with leaks will not be operated.

• All vehicles will have fire extinguishers.

• Special care will be employed during vehicle fueling to avoid spills.

• Vehicles will not be washed or services in the field.

• No vehicle-related waste, such as oils, filters, old tires or parts, will be left in the field

or disposed off inappropriately; all combustible wastes will be incinerated and any

remaining items of value will be sold to the contractors.

• All vehicles will be maintained in good working condition and properly tuned, so they

do not emit smoke excessively; the fuel-injection systems of diesel-fueled vehicles

will be maintained regularly for better fuel efficiency and minimum air pollution.

• All vehicles will have properly functioning silencers (mufflers).

Restoration and Rehabilitation

Cleaning and restoration will be carried out during and immediately after each phase of

construction and will be the responsibility of each team in their respective area of

operation. The following measures will be taken in this regard:

• The camp sites routes etc will be restored as close as possible to their original

condition, the photographs taken to record the pre project conditions will be used for

this purpose.

• All pin flags, stakes, signs and refuse will be removed.

• All concrete slabs will be broken and shipped to an appropriate site outside the Project

Area for proper disposal.

• Damaged stream banks will be repaired and restored.

• Re-vegetation measures will be carried out where pipe-laying activities have damaged

or disturbed vegetation.

• Erosion control measured will be taken where needed.

• Comp sites will be cleaned so that no refuse or wastes are left behind; the waste will

be properly disposed off.


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• All ditches and sumps will be backfilled; and extra cap of soil will be added at the top

to cater for compaction.

• Contaminated soil will be removed and be proper disposed off.

On completion of construction activities OGDCL and contractor representatives to ensure

that the required cleaning and restoration work has been carried out will carry out a final

inspection.

B) Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase

The entire operation will be conducted with a strong emphasis on environmental

protection; thus, relevant practices will be incorporated in all construction and operational

activities of the project. During construction phase following type of monitoring will be

conducted:

• Self-monitoring by the well head development, dehydration and LPG plant

construction contractor: This will be essentially designed to ensure compliance with

control measures.

• Activity monitoring by the HSE Officer of OGDCL: Random checks on activities of

the construction crew to verify adherence to the control measures.

• Post-construction site inspections: These inspections will be carried out to assess

impacts of the project on the environment during and after completion of the

construction activity.

• During operation phase gas production facility field staff will carry regular

surveillance and monitoring of the pipeline system.

Environment monitoring is the process of repeated observation and measurement of one or

more environmental quality parameters to enable changes to be observed over a period.

These changes relate to the physical, chemical and biological parameters of various phases

of the environment such as air, water and soil.

The objective of the environmental-monitoring programme is to obtain quantitative

information on current levels of pollutants and to compare it with acceptable standards

like NEQS.

OGDCL should develop an environment-monitoring programme to include following

steps;

• Identify locations for taking samples of air, effluent and solid waste

• Sample collection

• Laboratory analysis


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• Conclusion of laboratory analysis reports

• Comparing the conclusion with acceptable standards, NEQS

• Initiation of remedial measure to bring the emissions and effluents to an acceptable

standard.

It is recommended that environmental audits by ICM should be carried out after

completion of gas Field Development Project to verify the effectiveness of environmental

control and to highlight areas of weakness in environmental management. The

environmental audit should focus at areas, which are perceived as giving the highest risk.

It is recognized that for audits to be truly effective they need to be conducted within the

overall structured management system. All staff is made aware to their environmental

responsibilities through induction and training courses conducted by OGDCL.

OGDCL has already made its policy for environmental, health and safety, and now it is

the responsibility of the OGDCL’s various departments specially the Environmental

Protection and Safety Department to achieve its objectives. These objectives could only

be achieved by applying the principle that the OGDCL's management especially the field

staff is assured that their performance not only meets but also will continue to meet the

environmental requirements

7.4.6 Environmental Record

Following environmental record will be maintained:

• Periodic inspection reports of Contractor’s Environmental Officer and OGDCL

Environmental Manager or his designate

• Audit reports

• Incident record of all moderate and major spills. The record will include:

• Location of spill

• Estimated quantity

• Spilled material

• Restoration measures

• Photographs

• Description of any damage to vegetation, water resource, or community asset

• Corrective measures taken, if any.

• Waste Tracking Register that will records of all waste generated during the

construction period. This will include quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or

reused.

• Records of water consumption with use wise breakdown

• Survey reports, in particular, the following:


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• Soil erosion: Baseline survey, including photographs (or video), will be conducted to

document pre-construction condition of the construction corridor

• Vehicle and equipment noise

• Ambient noise survey reports

• Vendor data—All vendors disturbed by the project and compensation paid

• Public infrastructure: Record of all damages and repair work undertaken.

• Employment

• Total number of unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled jobs offered during construction

• Name and domicile of the employed staff

• Archeological resources—Record of any finds with photographs.

• Project and Community Interface

• Record of community complains and the measures taken to address them.

• Number of meeting held in various communities and persons who attended

• Environmental and social training records

7.4.7. Communication and Documentation

An effective mechanism to store and communicate environmental information during

the project is an essential requirement of an EMP.

Meetings

Two kinds of environmental meetings will take place during the project:

• Kick-off meetings

• Weekly meetings.

The purpose of the kick-off meeting will be to present the EMP to project staff and

discuss its implementation.

A weekly meeting will be held during construction operations at site. The purpose of

this meeting will be to discuss the conduct of the operation and environmental issues and

their management. The proceedings of the meeting will be recorded in the form of a

weekly environmental report.

Reports

Environmental reports will be prepared at the end of construction phase and later on

quarterly basis.


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Change-Record Register

A change-record register will be maintained at the site, in order to document any

changes in project design. These changes will be handled through the change

management mechanism discussed later in this document, and reported to the SEPA.

7.4.8. Change Management

An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made on the basis of the

project description available at the time the EIA was prepared. However, it is possible

that changes in project design may be required at the time of project implementation.

This section describes the mechanism that will be put into place to manage changes that

might affect the project’s environmental impacts.

7.5. Changes to the EMP

Changes in project design may necessitate changes in the EMP. In this case, the

following actions will be taken:

• A meeting will be held between OGDCL and the contractor representatives, to

discuss and agree upon the proposed addition to the EMP.

• Based on the discussion during the meeting, a change report will be produced

collectively, which will include the additional EMP clause and the reasons for its

addition.

• A copy of the report will be sent to the head offices of OGDCL and the contractor.

• All relevant project personnel will be informed of the addition.

7.6. Environmental Training

Environmental training will help to ensure that the requirements of the EIA and EMP are

clearly understood and followed by all project personnel in the course of the project. The

contractor will be primarily responsibility for providing training to all project personnel.

An indicative environmental and social training program is provided in Table 7.3, which

will be finalized before the commencement of the project.

7.7. Operation Phase EMP

This section outlines the aspects that will be covered in the EMP for the operational phase

of the Sinjhoro field development project. The purpose of an EMP is not only to address

the expected environmental impacts of a project, but also to enhance project benefits, and

to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all projects works.


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Mitigation Plan

The mitigation plan for the project operation will be developed in line with the findingsof

this report and will cover the following areas:

• Plant Noise

• Wastewater

• Emission

• Water Resources

• Hazardous Material

• Waste Management

Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring

Aspect OGDCL Responsibilities Contractor’s

Responsibilities

Relevant

Documentation

Contracting Ensure that the monitoring

requirements are included in

the contract between

OGDCL and the construction

contractor(s)

Understand the

requirements and

estimating the

required resources

Contract between

OGDCL and the

construction

contractor(s)

Monitoring

plan

Finalize the monitoring plan

prior to commencement of

construction

Revised monitoring

plan

Resources Ensure the availability of

resources required for

environmental monitoring

Ensure the availability

of resources required

for environmental

monitoring

Project budgets

Environmental

staff

Designate an Environmental

Manager for the project

Appoint an officer

dedicated to

environment (may be

combined with health

and safety)

Job descriptions

Monitoring Undertake periodic

inspections and carry out

Systematically

observe

Inspection and


141

surveys and

inspections

field measurements, where

needed

and collect data on the

environmental

performance,

undertake inspections,

and carry out surveys

survey reports

Environmental

audit

Conduct periodic audits of

the construction sites and

commissioning third party

audits

Conducting periodic

internal audits

Audit reports

Reporting Ensuring that periodic

environmental monitoring

reports are received from the

contractor(s) and review the

reports

Generate periodic

environmental

monitoring reports

and disseminating

these among the

management and

appropriate staff

members

Periodic reports

Corrective

actions

Verify that the activities are

carried out comply with the

EIA/EMP and identify

corrective actions, if needed

Carry-out the required

corrective actions

Corrective action

record

Maintenance of

record

Maintain monitoring data

and record of all incidents of

environmental significance

and related corrective

measures

Maintain monitoring

data and record of all

incidents of

environmental

significance and

related corrective

measures

Environmental

databases


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Table 7.2: Mitigation Plan for Construction Phase

No. Environmental or

Social Aspects

ID Measure Responsibility

1.

Construction

Noise Control

Plan

1.1 Periodic surveys will be conducted for noise

levels from construction equipments,

operational machinery and vehicles.

Construction

Contractor

1.2 Noise control measures will be implemented

if the results of surveys indicate non-

compliance to the acceptable limits. If

needed, restricted activity zones, will be

identified. Construction work within the

restricted zone(s) will be managed.

Construction

Contractor

2. Dust Emission

Control Plan

2.1 Water will be sprinkled on all exposed

surfaces to suppress emission of dust

Frequency of sprinkling will be kept such that

the dust remains under control.

Construction

Contractor

2.2 Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate

storage stockpiles will be reduced by keeping

the material moist by sprinkling of water at

appropriate frequency or erecting windshield

walls on three sides of the piles such that the

wall project

0.5 m above the pile, or covering the pile, for

example with tarpaulin or thick plastic sheets,

to prevent emission.

Construction

Contractor

3. Vehicle and

Equipment

Exhaust Control

Plan

3.1 All vehicles, generators and other equipment

used during the construction will be tuned

and maintained in good working condition in

order to minimize emission of pollutants

Construction

Contractor

3.2 The stack height of the generators will be at

least 3 m above the ground

Construction

Contractor


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4. Water

Conservation

Plan

4.1 Groundwater being extracted for

constructional activities would be recorded

Construction

Contractor

4.2 Where possible, water would be recycled Construction

Contractor

5. Community

Safety Plan

5.1 The fence surrounding the site will be put in

on during the construction to prevent access

to the construction site

Construction

Contractor

5.2 All entry points into the construction area

will be staffed 24 hours a day

Construction

Contractor

5.3 Flagmen and traffic controllers employed by

OGDCL will be put on the access road to

direct the project related traffic

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

5.4 Speed limit of 10 km/h will be maintained on

the section of the access road that is adjacent

to the village

Construction

Contractor

5.5 Nighttime driving of project vehicles will be

limited where possible

Construction

Contractor

5.6 Work areas outside the proposed plant site,

especially where machinery is involved will

be roped off

Construction

Contractor

5.7 No machinery will be left unattended,

particularly in running condition

Construction

Contractor

6. Soil

Contamination

6.1 Spill prevention trays will be provided and

used at refueling locations

Construction

Contractor

6.2 On-site maintenance of construction vehicles

and equipment will be avoided as far as

possible

Construction

Contractor

6.3 In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable,

tarpaulin or other impermeable material will

be spread on the ground to prevent

Construction

Contractor


144

contamination of soil.

6.4 Regular inspections will be carried out to

detect leakages in construction vehicles and

equipment

Construction

Contractor

6.5 All vehicles will be washed in external

commercial facilities

Construction

Contractor

6.6 Fuels, lubricants, and chemicals will be

stored in covered bounded areas, underlain

with impervious lining.

Construction

Contractor

6.7 Appropriate arrangements, including shovels,

plastic bags and absorbent materials, will be

available near fuel and oil storage areas.

Construction

Contractor

6.8 Contaminated soil will be removed from the

site and will be disposed off safely

Construction

Contractor

6.9 Emergency plan for spill management will be

prepared and inducted to the staff for any

incident of spill

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7. Hazardous and

Non-

Hazardous Waste

Management

Plan

7.1 Recyclable material will be separated at

source and delivered to a designated waste

recycler

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.2 Waste bins for the construction waste will be

constructed inside the plant boundary. No

waste will be dumped at any location outside

the boundary

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.3 All hazardous waste will be separated from

other wastes; hazardous waste such as oily

waste will be disposed of through licensed

oily waste contractors

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.4 On-site storage facility for hazardous waste

will be developed to hold hazardous waste

until an off-site hazardous waste disposal

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL


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facility is available

7.5 Records of all waste generated during the

construction period will be maintained

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.6 Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or

reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking

Register

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.7 All non-hazardous waste material that cannot

be recycled or reused will be disposed off

safely and properply.

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.8 The possibility of returning the packaging to

the manufacturers for reuse will be explored.

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.9 Chemical containers (including partially full

containers) will be returned to vendors

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.10 An emergency response plan will be

developed for the hazardous waste (and

substances)

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.11 Training will be provided to personnel for

identification, segregation, and management

of waste

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.12 All containers of hazardous waste will be

appropriately labeled

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL

7.13 Equipment and material containing asbestos,

poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and

ozone depleting substances (ODSs) will not

be used.

Construction

Contractor,

OGDCL


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Table 7.3: Training Program

Target Audience Trainers Contents Schedule

Selected

management staff

from contractor

Contractor Key findings of EIA Mitigation

measures EMP

Prior to the start of

project activities

All site personnel Contractor Mitigation measures Camp Rules Prior to the start of

project activities

Construction crew Contractor EMP Waste disposal procedures

Prior to the start of

construction activities

Drivers Contractor Road safety Road access

restrictions Vehicle movement

restrictions Dust reduction Waste

disposal

Before and during

field operations

Mechanics Contractor Waste disposal Vehicle movement

restrictions

Before and during

field operations

Camp staff Contractor Camp operation Waste disposal

Natural resource conservation

Housekeeping Camp Rules

Before and during

field operations


147


148


149


150


151


152


153


154


155


156


157


158


159


160


161


162


163


164


165


166


167


168


169


170


171


172


173


174


175


176

Annexure D: OGDCL Health, Safety and Environment Policy


177

ANNEXURE E: Emergency Response Plan

Serial

no.

Contents

1.1 Purpose and scope of the document

1.2 OGDCL medical facilities

1.2.1 OGDCL field doctor

1.2.2 OGDCL field clinic

1.3 Medical emergency at OGDCL field location

1.3.1 Medical emergencies for example uncontrolled

high-grade fever, severe dehydration, flaring up

of gastric ulcer, burns

1.3.2 Surgical emergencies for example acute

abdomen, trauma, fractures

1.3.3 Insect bites

1.3.4 Medical Emergencies related to Road Traffic Accidents

1.4 Daytime / Night time Medical Emergency

1.5 OGDCL field doctor

1.6 Emergency teams

1.6.1 Emergency Response Team (ERT)

1.6.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)

1.6.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT)

1.7 Responsibilities

1.7.1 Team Leader

1.7.2 Operation manager

1.7.3 Party chief and administration

1.7.4 Manager Administration Islamabad office

1.8 Transportation of the patient

1.9 Emergency teams





1.10.1 Team Leader

2. FIRE CONTINGENCY PLAN

2.1 On discovering a fire

2.2 On hearing the fire alarm


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2.3 Fire fighting procedures

2.3.1 Protection of personnel -equipment

3. WEATHER CONTINGENCY PLAN

3.1 Fog

3.2 Heavy Rain

3.3 Sandstorm

3.4 Field operations

4. EMERGENCY SPILL PROCEDURE

5. EMERGENT RESPONSE PLAN AGAINST

H2S


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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

1.1 Purpose and scope of the document

The objective of this Medical Emergency Evacuation Plan is to explain the line of action

to be followed in case of a medical emergency on Sinjhoro project activities and to

define the responsibilities of different persons. All the concerned OGDCL employees

will act as a team on both the ends i.e. Islamabad office and field location. Once issued,

the plan will be used as a guideline to deal with all the medical emergencies and will be

practiced through drills on monthly basis.

Under no condition the plan should be changed without the information of Management

in Islamabad, and any change should be followed, in not more than 24 hrs, by the

written report of the reason of the change from documented guidelines.

1.2 OGDCL medical facilities

To cover the medical problems on the field, OGDCL will set a well-managed medical

system, with contacts at reliable health facilities to take care of grave medical

emergencies. The brief description is as follows:

1.2.1 OGDCL field doctor

OGDCL has employed the services of qualified medical doctor for its project activities

in Sinjhoro area. He is responsible for providing the medical coverage for minor health

problems on the field. He is also responsible for providing first aid in case of a medical

emergency and to giving suggestion to management regarding evacuation of a diseased

person in case of medical emergency.

1.2.2 OGDCL field clinic

OGDCL will set a fairly well-equipped clinic on the project for the medical coverage of

its field employees. It will contain all the first aid material required to stabilize a

casualty in case of serious medical emergency and Most of Life Saving Drugs.


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1.3 Medical emergency at OGDCL field location

There can be situations in which we can come across medical emergencies during our

field operations. These emergencies can be:

1.3.1 Medical emergencies for example uncontrolled high-grade fever, severe

dehydration, flaring up of gastric ulcer, burns etc.

All such emergencies will be referred to the nearest hospital mentioned in the list of

hospitals. And in case of burn victims would be evacuated to nearest hospital in

Sanghar.

1.3.2 Surgical emergencies for example acute abdomen, trauma, fractures etc.

All such emergencies will also be referred to the nearest hospital in Sinjhoro if present

and approved by OGDCL Islamabad office.

1.3.3 Insect bites

The field clinic has the capability to treat scorpion and snakebite cases. However, all such

cases will be referred to the hospital for treatment on the decision of the onsite doctor.

All the daytime or night time snakebite cases will be referred to the nearest hospital in

Sinjhoro if present and approved by OGDCL Islamabad office. Field doctor will

accompany the victim to the hospital and will return after ensuring that the right person

has started the proper treatment. Company has a reasonable stock of anti snake venom on

- the field. Under all conditions these sera will be carried along, due to possibility of non-

availability in the hospital. If the snake has been killed, it will be carried along for

identification;

1.3.4 Medical Emergencies related to Road Traffic Accidents

All such cases will be referred initially to nearest facility (Annex 6).

1.4 Daytime / Night time Medical Emergency

Emergencies related to heart problem will later be shifted to Islamabad for specialized

care.


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1.5 OGDCL field doctor

OGDCL will designate a qualified medical doctor on production plant. He will be

responsible for the quick assessment of the sick or injured person, as per his professional

knowledge and the administration of first aid and stabilization of the person, who has been

reported sick or injured.

a. IF FIRSTAID IS ENOUGH

• Inform the Field In-charge about the incident and the condition of the person.

• Record the incident as a First Aid Case in the record.

b. IF FIRSTAID IS NOT ENOUGH

• He will stabilize the victim in the field clinic, or at the site of the incidence (if

required).

• Make Primary and Secondary assessment of the person and start the initial treatment.

The assessment form is attached with the document as Annex-1 of this chapter. A

copy of the form will accompany the patient in case of medical evacuation.

• Pass on the status of the patient to the Field Management. He will assess the need for

the possible evacuation of the person and discuss it with the Base Camp field

management.

The Field Doctor will remain in contact with the field management about the condition of

the patient and the Field Management will further inform the Operation Manager and

HSE Manager in Islamabad Office about the final plan. He will contact the hospital

authorities, as per the advice of the Field Management, and will ensure that adequate

arrangements have been made for safe evacuation.

c. IF DECIDED TO EVACUATE THE PATIENT

1.6 Emergency teams


This team shall be established on site and shall have personnel who are experts to deal

with the emergencies like fire fighting, oil spill control, man lost etc.

This team shall include the trained personnel, radio operator, and camp boss.


182


This shall be formed at the crew/field level normally headed by the party chief in his

absence Party Manager will fulfill his responsibilities.

This team shall include Party Chief, Party Manager, HSE Advisor, Chief Geophysicist,

Chief Surveyor, Drilling Supervisor, Cable Chief, Doctor, Camp Administrator, security

supervisor, vehicle supervisor and other responsible person(s) on crew.


This team shall be based in the head-office Islamabad. This team shall be formed for

managing the incidents/ accidents. Normally it shall be headed by the Deputy Country

Manager.

The team shall include Deputy Country Manager as team leader, Manager' HSE,

Manager Operations, Manager HR, Manager Finance, Manager Security, Manager

Admin & IT.

Additionally EMT shall be announced on weekly basis to confirm the members

availability and circulated among the clients and field operations.

Any incident! accident shall be reported to EMT by the IMT. EMT shall decide the

seriousness of the incident! accident and informed the Country manager about the

situation, who will decide if a crisis need to be declared.


1.7.1 Team Leader

Holds the ultimate responsibility of safe and earliest evacuation in case of medical

emergency. He will be heading the EMT and will ensure that all the EMT members play

their role satisfactorily and in time to proceed with this evacuation without any

unnecessary delay.

1.7.2 Operation manager

Operation Manager will ensure that all the necessary support and help is provided for the

safe and quick medical evacuation and remain in touch with the field and the city

arrangements in this regard.


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1.7.3 Party chief and administration

Party Chief and Crew Administrator is responsible to ensure that overall field conditions

are suitable for the free movement of vehicles and personnel during the evacuation and

no security or logistics problem occur on the way. In coordination with EMT, he will

provide all the support for the quick and safe evacuation of the casualty.

1.7.4 Manager Administration Islamabad office

In coordination with other members of EMT, Manager Administration will support all the

facilities required for the evacuation activities towards Islamabad, or during overseas

evacuation. His support may include coordinating the activities of other EMT members,

arranging ambulance at Islamabad etc.

Field doctor will inform the Field Management about the status of the patient and will discuss the details about this Medivac, so that necessary arrangements for the safe and earliest possible evacuation of the patient can be made. Measures to be taken for the safe traveling of the patient be decided and documented. As soon as the patient is stabilized, evacuation will be done to the hospital, as decided earlier, using the best available transportation facility. The doctor himself or his nominated medic will travel with the patient, until he is handed over to medical personnel in the recommended health facility.

The names of recommended health facilities are mentioned in Annex-2 of this chapter.

1.8 Transportation of the patient A well equipment ambulance will be provided at the Sinjhoro gas production facility. 1.9 Emergency teams


This team shall be established on site and shall have personnel who are experts to deal with the emergencies like fire fighting, oil spill control, man lost etc.

This team shall include the trained personnel, radio operator, and camp boss.


184


This shall be formed at the crew/field level normally headed by the party chief. In his

absence Party Manager will fulfill his responsibilities.

This team shall include Party Chief, Party Manager, HSE Advisor, Chief Geophysicist,

Chief Surveyor, Drilling Supervisor, Cable Chief, Doctor, Camp Administrator, security

supervisor, vehicle supervisor and other responsible person(s) on crew.

1.9.3 Emergency Management Team (EMT) This team shall be based in the head-office Islamabad. This team shall be formed for

managing the incidents/ Accidents. Normally it shall be headed by the Deputy Country

Manager.

The team shall include Deputy Country Manager as team leader, Manager HSE, Manager

Operations, Manager HR, Manager Finance, Manager Security, Manager Admin & IT.

Additionally EMT shall be announced on weekly basis to confirm the members

availability and circulated among the clients and field operations.

-Any incident! accident shall be reported to EMT by the IMT. EMT shall decide the

seriousness of the incident! accident and informed the Country manager about the

situation, who will decide if a crisis need to be declared.


1.10.1 TEAM Leader

Holds the ultimate responsibility of safe and earliest evacuation in case of medical

emergency. He will be heading the EMT and will ensure that all the


185

2. FIRE CONTINGENCY PLAN

Fire is a major hazard in any situation where large number of people work and sleep in a relatively confined area. This Applies equally to a seismic crew and to a town-based operation.

Four essential steps in the control of the fire hazards are:

1) Reduction of the Basic Risk by:

• Restricting cigarette smoking

• Upgrading and maintenance of electrical fittings

• Posting warning notices

• Training -both in the use of fire-fighting equipment and in general awareness of the hazards and what to do in the event of fire.

2) Early Detection by:

• Means of smoke alarms

• Personal vigilance 3) Prompt Reaction by:

• Shouting "Fire, Fire, Fire!"

• Sounding the fire alarm

• Evacuating the tents and trailer

• Fighting the fire, if appropriate

4) Immediate Response by:

• Using the nearest suitable fire extinguishers

• Isolating the electrical supply, if appropriate

• Accounting for all personnel (Head count)

• Organizing available personnel to assist with fire-fighting, if appropriate

There shall be one Fire Chief! Fire Fighting Team Leader. He will form a Fire Team from available personnel if the fire team member not present.

When the Fire Alarm is sounded, the trailers or tents must be evacuated immediately and the occupants must proceed directly to the Muster Point.

A head count and search must be carried out as soon as all occupants are out of the trailers or tents.


186

2.1 On discovering a fire

Fire extinguishers, Dry Powder fire extinguishers are located near the door of every trailer, tent and on each vehicle. Foam fire extinguishers shall be located near fuel locations.

On discovering a fire, you should immediately attempt to fight it with the nearest extinguisher UNLESS:

There is no extinguisher on hand OR The fire is near the exit to your room OR There is a noticeable quantity of smoke OR You are not confident of using the extinguisher OR The fire is visibly increasing in size. OR

A fuel tank has caught fire (EVACUATE THE AREA)

In which case, GET OUT AT ONCE AND SOUND THE ALARM

All personnel, upon hearing the alarm, proceed to the Muster Point immediately. Anyone near a radio upon hearing the alarm will make a general call announcing "Fire in Camp -Fire in Camp".

If a fire is extinguished, remember that it can re-ignite spontaneously. Do not leave the scene until it is assured that the fire is out and will not re-ignite. Then immediately report the incident to the Party Chief, HSE Adviser or the most senior person in camp.

2.2 On hearing the fire alarm

Everyone is to proceed directly to the Muster Point. A head count will be conducted at the Muster point. Following procedures are designed to insure the safety of Personnel.

• All the fire wardens will check the areas allotted to them. The fire team will approach to the fire scene under the direction of the fire chief.

• The Fire Chief I Fire Team is to proceed directly to the fire and carry out the crew procedure for dealing with the situation.

2.3 Fire fighting procedures

These are guidelines only to give a general outline towards getting a fire extinguished should the situation arise. Below assumes that we have a major fire in the camp area. Hopefully before it gets to this situation somebody has been able to put the fire out while it is minor.


187

A fire fighting team will be set up from available personnel. This team will be trained in correct fire fighting procedure. Other crew members will also be trained so they maybe co-opted onto the team as required.

Eventually all crew members should be trained in the use of fire extinguishers and basic fire control.

2.3.1 Protection of personnel -equipment

The prime concern in case of fire is the protection of personnel -equipment is secondary;

The person discovering the fire should raise the alarm, immediately evacuate everyone from the area and notify the fire chief.

The "FIRE CHIEF" will be the most experienced in camp and will take complete charge of fire fighting and directing the "FIRE TEAM",

The senior member of the kitchen staff will account to the coordinator for their personnel, including the camp boss. The Cable Shop foreman will account for his men. The Camp boss will be responsible for accounting for foreigner camp staff and alerting the junior camp.

The coordinator gets a head count at the muster point.

At the same time the electrician will cut off the power to the fire location. Power should only be cut to the fire site as power is required for lighting if at night and also to run water pumps, if available.

The least people involved the better. All other people are to stay at the muster point. Should they be required they will be directed where to go and what to do.

REMEMBER THAT THIS IS ONLY A GUIDE. NOTHING EVER HAPPENS AS

PLANNED.


188

3. WEATHER CONTINGENCY PLAN

In case of severe weather conditions the following precautions will be taken:

3.1 Fog

No one shall leave the camp until the Project Coordinator has assessed the situation and

is satisfied that the visibility is such that driving will not be hazardous. All vehicles will

travel with headlights on until the fog has completely cleared. Vehicles will travel in

convoy if necessary.

3. 2 Heavy rain

Driving in the rain calls for extra care and driving skills. The roads will be slippery, and

acceleration and braking must be made gently. Reduce your speed and be aware of olf1er

road users. Should the rain be heavy enough to impair your vision, you should pull off the

road in a safe location and wait for the weather to pass. Call base camp to inform them of

your late arrival and present location.

3.3 Sandstorm

The sandstorm will be treated as FOG. Visibility will be seriously impaired, and

disorientation is a possibility. Take care exiting the vehicle as the strong wind could blow

the door out of your grasp. Call base camp to inform them of your late arrival and present

location. If contact is not possible, the Man Lost situation may be started under the

direction of the PC I APC

3.4 Field operations

In all severe weather conditions the senior observer will decide upon the best .course of

action for the line crew and trouble shooters. Should the situation dictate, production will

be stopped and personnel ordered to take shelter. Department heads will co-ordinate with

their field units to decide upon the safest course of action.

All vehicles standing by on weather should call base camp and inform them of their

status and position.


189

4. EMERGENCY SPILL PROCEDURE

Stop the flow as soon as possible

Use any safe, practical means at your disposal. Remember to locate and check the

operation of all valves daily. Remember that every gallon you keep from leaking is one less

to clean up later:

Contain the spill in the smallest possible area

Sound judgment is the key to good containment. Keep in mind that other regulatory

agencies have very definite ideas about what you can or cannot do with the natural

resources around the fuel site. If you use the material around the spill to create a dike, be

sure that it can be restored to its original condition after clean up is complete.

Report the spill through the proper channels and initiate clean-up procedures

Prompt, accurate reporting is imperative and should be done as soon as possible after

discovery of the spill. If the spill is minor and the clean up is obvious you should go ahead

but if a major spill occurs you should stand by for detailed instructions. Remember that

disposal of waste created by clean up has to be taken care of properly and not left to create

another problem .In some cases, this may require evacuation of the waste to a suitable site

designated by the authorities. In conclusion, you must do everything possible to prevent a

spill but if one does happen you should STOP THE FLOW, CONTAIN THE MATERIAL

and REPORT THE INCIDENT through proper channels, AND CLEAN IT UP.


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5. EMERGENT RESPONSE PLAN AGAINST H2S ACCIDENT

1. Duty of the Emergent Response Board

• To install an emergent response plan against H2S accident and conduct exercise for

H2S control.

• To closely collaborate with OGDC contractors.

• To pay close attention to well control.

• To effective measures for evacuation & first aid.

2. Member of the Emergent Response Board for H2S Accident

• Rig Manager

• Tool Pusher

• Driller

• Mechanist

• Assistant Driller

• Electrician

• HSE Supervisor

• Doctor

3. Preparation prior to entering the formation bearing H2S

1. To train everyone on well site with practical knowledge on prevention & first aid

against H2S accident.

2. To be familiar to the route of evacuation.

3. To check wind Direction Indicator, fire fighting equipments, air-breather.

4. To check the well control equipments.

5. If possible, agent for H2S control should be mixed in mud.

6. To drill strictly in accordance with drilling manual.

7. To take exercise against H2S accidents.


191

4. Prevention against H2S Accidents

1. To establish a working mechanism under which two people should be working

together. In place that are vulnerable to attacked by H2S, such as shale shaker, driller

operation cabin etc, should practice such working mechanism. To assign a dedicated man

to observe all working people for their safety.

2. To install blowing fans at shale shaker and drilling floor.

3. To practice strict duty mechanism under which overflow should timely be noticed.

According to the well control requirement preventing H2S enter into hole, well should

timely be shut-in and killed.

4. To enter wind direction indicators at shale shaker drilling floor etc.

5. To furnish H2S detector.

6. To have 4m3 sand in place. To place two-8l, powder extinguishers at shale shaker, two-

8l powder extinguishers on drill floor, two-8L powder extinguishers on mud tanks.

7. All installation of cables and appliances on well site should be explosion- proof and

meet the safety requirements.

8. According to drilling Manual, adequate High SG mud, weighting agent and de-sulfur

agent should be in place.

5. H2S Alarm

1. To inform all people on well site of encountering H2S, to perform Emergent Response

plan against H2S Accident.

2. To evacuate in Up-stream of wind.

3. To contact rig manager for further action.

5.1 Measures for H2S Accident

1. To promptly evacuate people suffering H2S to safety place in upstream of wind.

2. To conduct urgent rescue.

3. To inform Doctor.

4. To inform nearest Hospital for treatment.

5. To take further action according to rig manager orders.


192

5.2 Evacuation Plan

1. To switch on single for emergent evacuation.

2. To inform villagers around wellsite of evacuation.

3. To take further action according to Supervisor's order.


193

ANNEX-1

PATIENT EXAMINATION FORM

Name: __________________________________________________________________

Age: ____________________ _______________________________________________

Company: _______________________________________________________________

Adress/ tel #:____________________________________________________________

Any Known Allergy: ______________________________________________________

Blood group:_____________________________________________________________

Any Known Chronic Disease: ______________________________________________

Vital Signs:

Pulse: ____________ Temp: _________________ B.P _____________________

Respiratory Rate: _______________________ Apperance (Pale/normal):________

Primary Survey:

1. Airway (patent/ not patent):____________________________________________

2. Breathing (Yes/No):___________________________________________________

3. Circulation : (carotid pulse palpable or not):_________________________________

4. Haemorrhage (visible or not):_____________________________________________

Remarks:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________


194

________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Secondary Examination:

Area Examined Yes No Remarks

HEAD

• Any bleeding

• Any bruise or laceration

• Any deformity

NECK

• Any bleeding


THORAX

• Any bleeding


• Any deformity

• Any point of tenderness

ABDOMEN

• Any bleeding


• Any deformity

• Any point of tenderness

• Soft or rigid

UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS

• Any deformity

• Any bleeding


• Any area of tenderness

• Any pain during movement


195

Any treatment given:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Time: ____________________________

Date: ____________________________

Doctors Signature: _________________________

Contract no.:_________________________________


196

ANNEX-2

LIST OF OGDCL APPROVED HOSPITALS The list of OGDC approved hospitals in Sindh area is as follows;

• Liaqat National Hospital

• Dar ul Sehat Hospital

• Karachi Adventist Hospital

• OMI Karachi

• National Medival Centre

• Health Care Hospital

• Altamush dental Hospital

• Institute of Surgery and Medicine


197

ANNEX-3 VECTOR BORNE DISEASES IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan being a sub-tropical country has a rich fauna of disease vectors including mosquitoes, sand flies, houseflies, biting midges, and other dipterous flies. In addition there are soft ticks, hard ticks, lice, mites, fleas, cockroaches, bed bugs which, account for number of vector born diseases including arboviruses. Research on vector borne diseases is sketchy accept for few. Major vector borne diseases in the country include malaria, leishmaniasis

OGDCL Existing Controls d. FUMIGATION: Fumigation will be done on weekly basis in the camp area to effectively control the spread of mosquitoes e. PROPHYLAXIS:

Anti Malarial tablets will be given to all crew once it is approved by the doctor and its frequency would be decided by him as well. f. PARASITE DIAGNOSTIC If ever reported with any case of Malaria (Symptoms) would be sent to Hospital Lab for recognition of parasite. Once established the type of parasite, the most effective medicine will be given as treatment g. MOSQUITOES NET/ REPELLENT We believe that the above controls would suffice but if needed, we will issue either mosquito net to the crew or issue repellent to the crew as per the effectiveness. h. RECOMMENDED MEDICINE FOR MALARIA TREATMENT Resochine (chloroquine)


198

ANNEX-4 EMERGENCY LOG SHEET

Time Event Initials


199

ANNEX-5

EMERGENCY RESONSE TEAM PLAN

Rear controller

OGDCL

Emergency response team

plant area

Emergency response team well

area

HSE officer

Engr. Process

Engr . Maintenance

Field operator

Two helpers process

Engr. Production

Engr. Process

Engr . Maintenance

Field Operator

Helper Production

Helper Maintenance

Rangers as per requirement

BACK UP TEAM BACKUP TEAM

First Aid team

Documents

EIA report sinjhoro field development OGDCL pakistan