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1ý%�?"«�cd�%c��
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What is the origin of usable grammar skills?
EHARA Yoshiaki
1. J¶�e
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��vylcÌ�VWc/·C�·O±J Rubin (1975) �ö:'PQg¾=Griffiths (2008) ����
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eRà�ߧ�SLUC'¾ÆLÉOxford (1990) WeÊLylcÌ�îñ�TUÛJ=yl
óVÁW�XYZä[C�\��]^ÝL�ðÖC_H=Ý��vcÌ�JcÌîñ�·
ê)ø±@�"�Q·UC'�V��ÆvÉTakeuchi (2003) J=�¯Ye`¦Ca��Lc
Ìîñ�=�¯Y�Ý��vcÌ�e�ÝL�� 67b�MN�Ò¶�êC�=Nakatani (2006)
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[6�kh6!©6` (.) J 0.25äåæ 1ärs�y�Ñ=(1.0) Jy�Ñ�äâ�&ÝÉ]
NS:
Last Wednesday we (.) all had a chance to go to the Intercontinental (2.0) um... (2.0) to receive
a lecture (.) in the first session (1.0) where we learned about how to make a good first
impression, er for example we practiced (1.0) um...the best way to smile to bow and to stand
up straight. (5.0) Then (.) er we went to a different room (.) this time to have lunch (.) and also
to receive a lecture, but (.) to receive this lecture over er lunch (.) which was a (.) er...French
um... (0.5) full-course meal. (1.0) ...
?j��¤h¥�"���eJªtêë:«¬�[\u; Ca��L8Ø�Ñ'È
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S1:
Last Wednesday (0.5) uh we went to the Intercontinental Hotel (.)at Minatomirai area(.) And
then first we (0.5) uh (0.5) got some lectures (.) about manner (0.5) adults' manner? (.) And we
practiced (.)like smiling or bowing or something like that(.) Then that's (0.5) I felt like whatever
(.)about that part(.) And after that we went to the (.)another (.) room(.) and then we had great
lunch (.) which is French course (.) and (.) we (.)ate uh (.) like appetizers soup (.) fish meat and
then dessert...
S1×�J=?j��¤h¥�"�C�e�Áï�~�4VW�����l�jk©*6e
Êë=`}£yÅ (fillers) Á :{��ù| (discourse markers) �ÈÏ'SW�LÉ:{��
ù|�And then, And after that �T e���J=abcdFñe!�Ù�hÙjk{h6b
�ù��äÌÝLLË��gvÕme�gvC�UC�Éêv=}ÔÏS��n~ which e
���J=Ê)SL~�4�(Y�'Ê)e�¾Q���LC�UC�'=abcdFñe
ôv:S�»¼'¸¹C����LUC'f�×�LÉüY�cÌ�`=����|ýe the
�Óg��L'=̄ YJªÜ)��¬¾ÓgvC��vÉ̀ }£yÅe·R something like that,
like… �T����L general extenders (���Æ�¨Ýòo)�QÏÁ=���êë���
KL�e��~Á�n~�T�ª«��òo¬(÷z±�l«)�QÏæ?�W�LÉ
S2:
I went to Intercontinental Hotel (.) eh at Sakuragicho, and (.) and we learned about how to (.) eat
formally, beautifully, (0.5)and (.) we ate French. It was delicious but (.) it's too mm... elegance.
((laugh)) We have to eat sil- silently, and so (0.5) it- little uncomfortable for me.
S2×���eJ=m�uë��X���l¾�ÝUCe����L}�'SW�=y�
ÑFGæ��Éeat formally (eat in a formal setting �Ù,) e���J�Ѿc��ûl�ø±
@�"�òo�%�vC����vÉtoo elegance ( = too luxurious) J=<~J=·'Ù,�
�RLWó��M§vÝlº�Ï���LÉlittle uncomfortable e���J=���n¿¾�
â�6�h �6'�H��L�'ù�eJ���vC�UC�ɸ¯¨�ûlÁ:çè¾
m�uë��X��òoÝLUCeQ�����L}�'XRLÉ
S3:
Last Wednesday (.) we went to (.) Intercontinental Hotel, and eh (4.0) was taught about (0.5)
manners (2.0) in communications and (.) er eating. Uh, (4.0) I think communication's part was
interesting. Uh...(3.0) they (1.0) taught me (1.5) taught us about (1.0) how to (3.0) bow and (1.0)
how to speak, how to communicate with the person (3.0)and how to stand (4.0) that kind of
things. ����
1ý%�?"«�cd�%c��
S3&J=G�`¾:�ø±¼���L��%:�H��L Ca��LI��y�ÑFG
'î)����LÉG�ñëe=W�c�'Q�����ç: (was taught about) Á�: (I
think...)�Q���LÉ�gm�QÏJfGW)ªm��v¬C�·�¯l'��Hvæ�C
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for many, many years. � “a”J���HÉ
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3. ��(1) z Now I am a fan of the Dragons.
o Now I am a Dragons fan. Î Ä
4. ��(2)
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group going to see a baseball game.
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z Because of the accident, we are facing power shortage.
o Because of the accident, we are facing power shortages. (or
Because of the accident, we are facing a power shortage.)
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