Egyptian and Carthaginian

Exploration

© Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas Hall (2008)

Egyptian Exploration (2000s BCE)

Egyptian Exploration (2000s BCE)

South along NileImperialist driveHarkhuf (ca 2220 BCE)

Travel into Nubia (Khartoum)Commercial expeditions across

Red Sea (15th c BCE)Amenemhet III (r.1831-1786 BCE)Hatshepsut (r. 1503-1480 BCE)

South along NileImperialist driveHarkhuf (ca 2220 BCE)

Travel into Nubia (Khartoum)Commercial expeditions across

Red Sea (15th c BCE)Amenemhet III (r.1831-1786 BCE)Hatshepsut (r. 1503-1480 BCE)

The Expansion of EgyptThe Expansion of Egypt

PuntPunt

Extremely early referencesUnclear location Arabian

Peninsula? Africa?References from at least 25th c

BCE(4-5th Dynasty)

Fabled? Land of plenty…

Extremely early referencesUnclear location Arabian

Peninsula? Africa?References from at least 25th c

BCE(4-5th Dynasty)

Fabled? Land of plenty…

Land of PuntLand of Punt

Canal of the PharaohsCanal of the Pharaohs

History and archaeology are muddledNecho (r. 610-595 BCE)Darius I (550-486 BCE)Ptolemy II (r. 283-246 BCE)

History and archaeology are muddledNecho (r. 610-595 BCE)Darius I (550-486 BCE)Ptolemy II (r. 283-246 BCE)

Canal of the PharaohsCanal of the Pharaohs

Nile Delta with Wadi TumilatNile Delta with Wadi Tumilat

Carthaginian ExplorationCarthaginian Exploration

Phoenician Trade RoutesPhoenician Trade Routes

Phoenician Trade GoodsPhoenician Trade Goods

Hanno the NavigatorHanno the Navigator

Commissioned by Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II (6th c BCE) to circumnavigate Africa? (Herodotus)

Repopulate/found African coloniesElephants, crocodiles, volcano,

gorillas?

Commissioned by Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II (6th c BCE) to circumnavigate Africa? (Herodotus)

Repopulate/found African coloniesElephants, crocodiles, volcano,

gorillas?

Hanno’s Voyage?Hanno’s Voyage?

Sun always on their right, to the North of them” Herodotus, IV, 44

The PhoeniciaThe Phoenicia

Warm and Cold Ocean Currents

Warm and Cold Ocean Currents

Himilco (ca 5th c BCE)Himilco (ca 5th c BCE)

Explorations into North AtlanticSea monstersSeaweed

Sargasso Sea?

Mid-Atlantic region, well-knownCanariesAzores?

Explorations into North AtlanticSea monstersSeaweed

Sargasso Sea?

Mid-Atlantic region, well-knownCanariesAzores?

Persian ExplorationPersian Exploration

Sataspes (479-465 BCE)Sataspes (479-465 BCE)

Forced to circumnavigate Africa as a punishment

Went south from pillars, to a land where “small people dressed in palm leaves”

Forced to circumnavigate Africa as a punishment

Went south from pillars, to a land where “small people dressed in palm leaves”

not not