EGN 3373 Introduction to Electrical Systems I A Systems
Approach to Electrical Engineering Graphics Adapted from Physical,
Earth, and Space Science, Tom Hsu, cpoScience.
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SyllabusSyllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical
Systems I Time/Place:MW 12:30-1:45 EDU 115 Pre-requisites: PHY
2049, PHY 2049L (Physics II and Lab) Co-requisites:MAP 2302
(Differential Equations) Textbook: Electrical Engineering: Concepts
and Applications, Zekavat; ISBN:1269527045, by Pearson. j Course
Coordinators: Dr. Sylvia Thomas Office Hours (instructor): TR 11:00
AM 12:15 PM Office:ENB 368 Telephone:813-974-4011
e-mail:[email protected] Course Objectives: To study the fundamental
principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits:
resistance, inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent
sources, AC and DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis,
operation and applications of basic electronic devices.
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SyllabusSyllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical
Systems I Course Objectives: To study the fundamental principles
and analysis techniques of electrical circuits: resistance,
inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent sources, AC and
DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis, operation and
applications of basic electronic devices. Topics: * Systems - *
Signals digital, analog, processing * Circuits sources, elements,
analysis * Electronics diodes, op amps, transistors * Controls
transfer function, feedback * Electromagnetics transmission,
RF
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WHY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (EE) ? EE is the field of
engineering that deals with the study of electricity, electronics,
and electromagnetics (by controlling the flow of charges (or
charged particles like electrons) and energy (in the form of
electromagnetic waves)). Studying EE will help prepare you as a
technical leader for projects, increase your versatility and
diversity as an engineer able to apply skills to practical
problems, and enhance cross discipline communications. The two key
areas of EE deal with (a) energy/power generation, transmission,
and consumption, and (b) information processing, storage, and
transmission. There is essentially no device/system/appliance we
use in our daily lives that does not use electricity !!
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A conceptual model for electrical engineering design. An EE
Systems Approach
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Every product, application, function, and/or device is
comprised of a system. A system is defined as a set of functionally
related things, parts, products, organs, elements ..that form a
complex whole to carryout specific activities, perform specific
tasks, produce a specific output. This course emphasizes how
electrical circuits are an integral part of these systems and how
electrical/electronic elements can be understood in practical
applications. A System
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Computers Communications Instrumentation & Controls C yber
P hysical S ystems Trans/Multi/Inter-disciplinary by its Own Nature
Aerospace Robotics Medical Simulators An EE Systems Approach Cyber
Physical Systems
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Communication Systems Television Radio Mobile phones Internet
(wired and wireless) Satellite systems And many more An EE Systems
Approach
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Computer Systems Your basic calculator Your sophisticated
calculator ! Smart phones Computers Tablets E-readers And many more
An EE Systems Approach
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10 Specialized cables designed to carry currents alternating
with a frequency such that wave nature of the current cannot be
ignored. Why the need for specialized cables? If frequency is high
and the cable is not properly designed, it can radiate like an
antenna! What is the wave nature of current? Voltages and currents
vary in magnitude and phase over the length of the TL. The total
voltage and current can be written as a sum of two sinusoidals that
look like + and traveling current/voltage waves. Waves have voltage
to current ratio related to the electromagnetic field distribution
of the cable: Characteristic impedance. Some common transmission
lines (TLs) Example of a cage line (functions like large coaxial
cable) used for high power, low frequency applications; antenna
feedline for a radio transmitter that operates at 225 kHz
(frequency) and 1200 kW (power).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line An EE Systems
Approach Transmitting Systems
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Microprocessor Control Systems An EE Systems Approach
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12 Whats a microprocessor? Whats it good for? The heart/brain
of computers Its job: runs programs Thermostats Nuclear missiles
Angry Birds How do micros work? How do requests (inputs) get turned
into results (outputs)? Datapath and Control Arithmetic, Storage,
Input/Output, Flow control How do we tell micros what to do?
High-level programming Binary machine code Computer Microprocessor
Program + Data 0010100101001 0100100100111 Output 1010010101000
0100101001010 Microprocessor Control Systems An EE Systems
Approach
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Digital Systems Replacing Analog Logic gates made with
transistor circuits 1-bit adder made with logic gates 1-bit adder
made with logic gates Digital systems Discrete voltages instead of
continuous Simpler to design than analog circuits can build more
sophisticated systems Digital systems replacing analog
predecessors: i.e., digital cameras, digital television, cell
phones, CDs Quantization: Mapping analog values (3.28 volts and 0.7
volts) to digital values (1s and 0s) An EE Systems Approach
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Signal Processing Systems Electrical signals carry information
Such as a recorded voice (Siri is a good example of a signal
processing system) Or a photo you have taken with your smartphone
Or a CT scan image when trying to diagnose disease An EE Systems
Approach
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Practical Applications of Systems Similar to sample systems
presented in Chapter 1 An EE Systems Approach
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Physical System Block Diagram & Mathematical Modeling High
Level System Modeling An EE Systems Approach
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Instrumentation and Controls Modeling of Physical Systems &
System Identification Physical System Transfer Function Network
Synthesis An EE Systems Approach
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A Simple Radio Communication System Vocoder Forward Error
Protection Coding Pulse shape Filtering & RF Modulation
Interleaving CRC Coding D/A Symbol Mapping RF Out Allows for error
detection in the receiver Allows for error correction in the
receiver Improves error correction in the receiver (fading
resistance) Maps digital symbols to analog signals Maps digital
bits to symbols RADIO CHANNEL RADIO CHANNEL RADIO RECEIVER RADIO
RECEIVER An EE Systems Approach
Transceiver: Role of a Receiver 0 90 A D A D HPMX-2007 The
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DSP Low Noise Amplifier Mixer Oscillator Baseband Processor
De-Modulator bias I Data Q Data 1. amplify received signal with
min. added noise 2. shift to lower frequency (cost and/or
performance) 3. LO for down conversion 4. discard carrier and
recover data Information bias Antenna A Simple Radio Communication
System An EE Systems Approach
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1st.Generation (1980s) Analog NMT CT0 TACS CT1 AMPS 3rd.
Generation (2000s) 2nd. Generation (1990s) Digital GSMDECT
DCS1800CT2 PDCPHS IS-54 IS-95 IS-136 UP-PCS IMT-2000 CDMA2000
W-CDMA 4th Generation (2010s) IMT-advanced LTE, 802.16m Cellular
Systems An EE Systems Approach
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? Cellular Systems
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Future System Terminals An EE Systems Approach
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Cellular Systems
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Everything Wireless in One Device An EE Systems Approach
Cellular Systems
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EE-6593 An EE Systems Approach Cellular Systems What do you
think is one of the key elements of these systems? the Signal
Processing
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Signal Processing Humans are the most advanced signal
processors speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis, We
encounter many types of signals in various applications Electrical
signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields, Mechanical
signals: velocity, force, displacement, Acoustic signals: sound,
vibration, Other signals: pressure, temperature, Most real-world
signals are analog vs. digital They are continuous in time and
amplitude Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and
transducers Analog circuits process these signals using Resistors,
Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,
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Processing of such signals includes storage, reconstruction,
transmission, separation of information from noise, compression,
feature extraction, etc. Digital signals represent discrete inputs
(e.g. logic values 1, 0) and analog signals represent a continuum
of inputs. Analog Signal Digital Signal Reference: Zekavat, Chapter
14, Section 14.4 Signal Processing
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Signal improvement Signal acquisitions Signal compression
Signal feature extraction Signal synthesis Signal generation,
transmission, and reception
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Limitations of Analog Signal Processing Accuracy limitations
due to Component tolerances Undesired nonlinearities Limited
repeatability due to Changes in environmental conditions
Temperature Vibration Sensitivity to electrical noise Limited
dynamic range for voltage and currents Inflexibility to changes
Difficulty of implementing certain operations Nonlinear operations
Time-varying operations Difficulty of storing information Signal
Processing
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Digital Signal Processing Represent signals by a sequence of
numbers Analog-to-digital conversions (Sampling + Quantization)
Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor
Digital signal processing Reconstruct analog signal from processed
numbers Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion A/DDSPD/A
analog signal analog signal digital signal
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DSP is Everywhere Sound applications Compression, enhancement,
special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo
cancellation,enhancement Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies,
Dictation, Text-to-speech, Communication Modulation, coding,
detection, equalization, echo cancellation, Cell Phones, dial-up
modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver, Automotive ABS, GPS, Active
Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking, Medical Magnetic
Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram, Military Radar, Sonar,
Space photographs, remote sensing, Image and Video Applications
DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing, Mechanical
Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,
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Signals of interest include sound, images, radar, biological
signals such as ECG, and many others. Digital Signal
Processing
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A series of trigonometric and arithmetic operations. Series of
steps called algorithms Digital Processing a series of instructions
to manipulate the digital numbers. Algorithm classes Spectral
analysis Digital filtering Coding and compressing data Noise
reduction Etc.
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DSP is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of
signals (in the digital domain). Digital Module: Bits, Binary,
& Decimal These signals can be represented by codes using two
discrete values: 1s and 0s 1, TRUE, HIGH 0, FALSE, LOW Digital
circuits can use voltage levels to represent 1s and 0s Digital
Signals for EE Systems