Efficient Intra and Inter-city

Public Transportation System

Towards Sustainable Urban Development

in Indonesia

DR. Elly Sinaga

Director General for Research and Development Agency,

Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia

HIGH SPEED TRAIN PROJECT IN INDONESIA(JAKARTA – SURABAYA CORRIDOR)

HERMANTO DWIATMOKO

Directorate General of RailwaysMinistry of Transportation

Republic of IndonesiaJakarta, 2010

Indonesia

• Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country (17,508 large and

small islands).

• DKI Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and is located on the northwest

coast of Java island, forming the main city of Indonesia.

• The total population of Indonesia 247 million ( 2012 ) of which 58.5% lives in Java,

the world's 4th most populous country (after China, India and US),

population growth of 1.2% meaning every 2 years we build one

Singapore.

- 3 -

~In 2020 productive ages reaches 70%, dependency ratio will go down significantly in

one decadeSumber: BPS, World Population Prospect (UN)

Total Population (in

million)237 263

Male) 119 131

Female 118 132

Productive Ages

(20–55 years)

130

(54%)

180

(68%)

2010 2020

2010 2020

Population Composition

Urban and Transport Condition

City’s Population in Indonesia

Jakarta

Surabaya

9,500

Bandung

Medan

TangerangDepok

Semarang

Palembang

Bekasi

MakassarTangerang Selatan

BogorBatam

PekanbaruuMalang

DenpasarBalikpapan

Tasikmalaya

SurakartaManado

MataramYogyakarta

1 city

3 cities

3 cities

3 cities

1 city

15 cities

60 cities

MetropolitanCities (11)

Big Cities (15)

Medium Cities(60)

Po

pu

lati

on

Nu

mb

ers

(th

ou

san

d p

eop

le)

Source: BPS, 2010

Vehicle Trend by mode (in million, 2000-2012)

Source: Statistic Bureau

4.2

5.16.0

6.9

7.5

7.9

8.9

9.5

10.4

4.2

4.5

4.5

4.7

5.0

5.3

2.9

2.32.0

1.91.8

1.7

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

1.7

1.41.1

0.90.8

0.70.7

0.7

67.3

52.8

3.2

2000

13.6

3.0

2008

61.7

47.7

2007

54.8

42.019.0

+14.3%

2012

94.4

76.4

2011

85.6

68.8

3.8

2002

23.0

17.0

3.4

2001

20.9

15.3

2010

76.9

61.1

20092006

43.3

32.5

3.4

2005

37.6

28.5

2004

30.5

23.1

2003

26.6

20.0

Motor Cycle Passanger Car Truck Bus Total

CAGR (2000-12) 15.49% 10.83% 9.88% 10.77% 14.3%

Motor CyclePassanger CarTruckBus

Urban Transportation Problems(Jakarta Metropolitan)

• Heavy traffic congestion (average speed around 15kph)

• Low share of public transportation services (16.7%)

• Low commuter rail transport capacity

• High proportion of motorcycle traffic (>70%)

• High rate of road accident

• Air pollution

• High Transportation Cost

• Cost of Health due to pollution impact

but• Rapid Increase in travel demand • Steadily decrease in public transport modal

share

Rapid Increase in Travel Demand

Modal Share %

Motorcycle 62,9

Private Car 17,4

Public Transport 16,7

Total 100

Tangerang +

Tangerang SelatanDKI Jakarta

Kota + Kab. Bekasi

Total Travel DemandYear 2003 arround 37,3 million/day*

Year 2010 arround 59 million/day** 58%

Source : * JICA 2003; URDI 2011 **JAPTraTis, 2011; Ditjen Perhubungan Darat,

Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010

Bogor

Jakarta MRT Development

No Intra and Intercity Railway development Line LengthTarget Year of

Operation

1 MRT Jakarta Stage I 15,1 km 2016

2 Monorel Jakarta (Green Line) 14,3 km 2016

3 Jakarta airport rail 33 km 2015

4 Double Track Cirebon - Surabaya 280 km 2014

5 Bandung Urban Railway 42 km 2016

6 Surabaya Urban Raiway 42 km 2015

7 Jakarta Commuter upgrade 152 km 2014

8 Bandar Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung North Sumatra rail 28,5 km 2014

Intercity

Public Transportation plan & implementation(Case Study : Java Island)

• High travel demand on East - West corridor

• City, town, and other trip generators are growing rapidly along side of roads

• High rate of traffic accident

• Low journey speed for road transport

• High proportion of truck along Northern Java Corridor (in some part >90%)

• Overweight and over dimensional trucks Road damage

• Low modal share of Railway Transport ( for passenger 6%)

• Frequent railway level crossing disturbing urban traffic + accident

Intercity Transportation Problems

- 12 -Sumber: State of Logistic Indonesia 2013

IN

D

27%

VI

E

25%

CH

N

18%

KO

R

16%

MA

L

13%

SG

P

8%

JP

N

11%

US

A

10%

TH

A

20%

Logistic Cost as % of GDP

13

Steel Industrial Area, Petrokimia

Industrial Area

Petrokimia

Food Industrial Complex

Shipyard(the biggest one in Indonesia)

Metropolitan Jakarta

Metropolitan Surabaya

Multi modes Transport Development in Java Corridor

1. Toll Road :Build by-pass and toll road along Northern Java Corridor ---> Intercity Bus Services do not need to pass through city center or other urbanized areas

2. Railway :1. Double track Railway line to improve railway capacity2. High Speed Train3. Elevated crossing to reduce travel time and accident at level crossing

3. Maritime:Short Sea Shipping to shift freight from road transport ( >90%) to maritime

1) Trans Java Toll-road Network

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

JAKARTA SURABAYACIREBON

TEGAL

PEKALONGAN SEMARANG BOJONEGOROBREBESBEKASI

BABATJERAKAH

SEMARANG PONCOL

Status April 22, 2014

TOBO

Underconstruction

Operated

201 Km 72 Km 68 Km18 Km 63 Km

35Km

6 Km

2 Km

52,5Km

29,5Km

Operated March 2014 659 km

Under Construction 68 km

TOTAL 727 km

2.1) Construction Of Double Tracking Of North Java Corridors

WADU

UJUNG NEGORO

WELERI

15 Km

34 Km

33 Km

JAMBON

73,5 Km

24,5Km

15

CIREBON SURABAYA

KROYA

KUTOARJO

YOGYAKARTA

SOLO

MADIUN

56 km 123 km 71 km76 km 69 km

PRUPUK

PURWOKERTO

74 km 28 km

PARON KERTOSONO

26 km 97 km

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

JALUR GANDA LINTAS SELATAN JAWA (CIREBON – YOGYAKARTA – SURABAYA): 620 km

Solo - MadiunKutoarjo - Yogya -

Solo

Purwokerto -Kroya -Kutoarjo

Cirebon - Prupuk

Prupuk-Purwokerto

Ponorogo

Slahung

Ponorogo

Slahung

Operated 179 km

Underconstruction 74 km

Plan 367 km

620 km

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

BANDUNG

Jawa Barat

JAKARTA

SERANG

SURABAYA

SEMARANG

DKI

Banten

Jawa TengahJawa Timur

YOGYAKARTADIY

Merak

Bogor

Sukabumi

Cikampek

PadalarangCirebon

Banjar

Kroya

Tegal

Purwokerto

Pekalongan

Solo

Madiun Kertosono

Blitar

Malang

Bangil

Sidoarjo

Bojonegoro

Jember

Banyuwangi

Bojonegoro

Gambringan

Bojonegoro

Gundih

Prupuk

Kutoarjo

Madiun -Surabaya

2.2) Construction Of Double Tracking Of South Java Corridors

High Speed Train project in Indonesia for Jakarta – Surabaya

Corridor, approximately 685 km.

2.3)

3) Short Sea Shipping

19

Passenger Transport fuel saving

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020)

Mo

dal

Sh

are

Passanger TransportModal Share Projection

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Conventional Railway/Double Track

Intercity Bus

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DN 2020 DS 2020

(%)

Fuel Saving Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Conventional Railway/Double Track

Intercity Bus

Freight Transport fuel saving

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020)

Mo

dal

Sh

are

Freight TransportModal Share Projection

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Short Sea Shipping

Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DN 2020 DS 2020

(%)

Fuel Saving Freight Transport Strategy in 2020

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Short Sea Shipping

Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck

CO2 Reduction multi modes strategy

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DN 2020 DS 2020

(%)

CO2 ReductionPassanger Transport Strategy in 2020

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Conventional Railway/Double Track

Intercity Bus

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DN 2020 DS 2020(%

)

CO2 ReductionFreight Transport Strategy in 2020

(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)

Airplane

High Speed Train

Short Sea Shipping

Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck

23

CONCLUSION

Various efforts in realizing efficient intra and inter-city

public transport in Indonesia is being done and planned by

the government. From development of the double track

line, to the development of the short sea shipping.

The benefits of developing a multi modal transport system

is not only limited to Fuel and CO2 reduction, additional

benefits include reduced high road maintenance cost and

more importantly, reduction in road accident rates.

THANK YOUTERIMA KASIH

.

SEKIAN & TERIMA KASIH