Effects of Stress on Adult Development

Name

Stress Facts1. Though often considered to be psychological, stress affects the hormonal

structure of the body. Not only does it affect the female reproductive system, but also decreases male sperm count (Quick, 2003).

2. Stress is linked to the leading causes of death ; Heart attacks, lung problems, road accidents, and suicide.

3. 1/3 of Americans make resolutions each year to enroll in stress management workshops.

4. You can look 32 years older than your chronological age due to stress. It can work the other way around as well! (Regal, 2010)

5. 40% of Employee Turnover is due to stress related issues.6. Neurotic reaction (Depression) is 4th on the list of worker disabling injuries in

the United States!7. 1/4th of all prescription drugs sold in the United States are for depression

related problems. (Regel 2010)

Introduction to stress

(Wilson, 2002).

Stages of Stress

Phase 1Alarm

reaction(mobilize

resources)

Phase 2Resistance(cope with

stressor)

Phase 3Exhaustion(reservesdepleted)

The body’s resistance to stress can onlyLast so long before exhaustion sets in

Stressoroccurs

(Wilson, 2002).

(Bernstein, 2010)

Diversification of stress

(Sapolsky, 2004)

Physical Symptoms

(Chiang, 1995)

Coping Strategies

(Mitchell,1983)

(Rubenstein, 1999).

Counseling Techniques

The human link (Intervention strategies)

Resources• Greenberg, J. (2008). Comprehensive stress management. McGraw-Hill Humanities.• Weiss, B. (2003). Eliminating stress, finding inner peace. Hay House.• Bernstein, A. (2010). The Myth of stress: where stress really comes from and how to live a happier and healthier life . Free Press.• Rubenstein, L. (1999). The Stress management handbook: strategies for health and inner peace. : Keats Publishing.• Wilson, J. (2002). Adrenal fatigue: the 21st century stress syndrome. Smart Publications.• Sapolsky, R. (2004). Why Zebras don't get ulcers. Holt Paperbacks.• Chiang, C. X. (1995). A Study of Stress Reactions among Adolescents. Chinese Journal of School Health, 26, 33-37.• Nathan, R. (2004). Stress management: a comprehensive guide to wellness. Ballantine Books.• Quick , J. (2003). Stress and strain (fast facts). : Health Press.• Roney, A. (1997). Professionals on workplace stress - the essential facts. John Wiley and Sons.• Mitchell, J. T. (1983). Effects of Stress Management Training on Paramedic Coping Styles and Perceived Stress Levels Doctoral

Dissertation). Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.• Regel, S. (2010). Post-traumatic stress (the facts) . Oxford University Press.• Parad, H. J. (1971). Crisis Intervention. In R. Morris (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Work, vol. 1, 196-202). 4• Mimura C & Griffiths P (2003) The effectiveness of current approaches to workplace stress management in the nursing profession: an

evidence based literature review, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan (60)1.• Richards, D. (2001). A field study of critical incident stress debriefing versus critical incident stress management. Journal of Mental

Health, 10, 351-362.• Cohen, Kamarack , Mermelstein .(1983) A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav.: 24:385–396.