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Fall 12-6-2017

Effects of Restrained Eating on Episodic Memoryand Implications for Homeostatic AppetiteRegulationMorgan KindelChapman University, kinde108@mail.chapman.edu

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Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons, and the Cognitive Psychology Commons

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Recommended CitationKindel, Morgan, "Effects of Restrained Eating on Episodic Memory and Implications for Homeostatic Appetite Regulation" (2017).Student Research Day Abstracts and Posters. 253.http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cusrd_abstracts/253

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RecentstudiesinthefieldsofPsychologyandNeurosciencesuggestarela6onshipbetweenepisodicmemoryandappe6teregula6on.AmajorityofthesestudieshaveusedBMIasanimportantvariableinthisrela6onship,andhavefoundmildepisodicmemorydeficitstobemorelikelyinindividualswithhigherBMI’s.Thegoalofthisresearchwastodeterminewhetherrestraineddisorderedea6ng,regardlessofBMI,influencedepisodicmemoryandappe6teregula6on.Ini6ally,wepredictedthatindividualsshowingdietaryrestraintwouldshowsignsofastrongerepisodicmemory,andthereforewouldhaveweakerhungercuesandstrongersa6etycues.However,wefoundthatrestrainedeatershadasignificantlyworseepisodicmemorythanthecontrolgroup.Ourfindingsindicatethattheremaybeothercogni6ve,behavioral,orphysiologicalfactorsthatarecapableofinfluencingepisodicmemorydeficitsbesidesBMI.

•  Episodicmemoryisatypeoflong-termmemorythatallowsustomentallyrevisitourpastexperiences.

•  Researchsuggeststhatepisodicmemorymayplayaroleinhomeosta6cappe6teregula6onbyprovidingmemorycuesforwhentoeat(Brunstrom,Burn,Sell,Collingwood,Rogers,&Wilkinson,2012)

•  Severalstudieshaveshownthatdeficitsinepisodicmemoryareassociatedwithobesityandweightgain(Davidson,Kanoski,Schier,Clegg,&Benoit,2007).

•  Restrainedeatersareindividualswhointen6onallyrestricttheirdietaryintakeinordertocontroltheirweight.

0.6931 0.7031

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0.7723

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0.65

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0.75

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Food Non-Food

Prop

or%o

nCo

rrect

ObjectType

RestrainedControl

Figure1:Theeffectsofobjecttype(foodvs.non-food)onmeanmemoryscoreinanobjectrecogni?ontestinrestrainedandnon-restrained(control)eaters.

•  Whatdoestherela6onshipbetweenepisodicmemoryandhomeosta6cappe6teregula6onlooklikeinrestrainedeaters?

•  Arefoodobjects(incomparisontonon-foodobjects)abletobemoreeasily

recognizedbyrestrainedeatersthanbynon-restrainedeaters?•  ArethereotherfactorsbesidesahighBodyMassIndex(BMI)thatcontributeto

episodicmemorydeficitsfoundinpreviousresearch?

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•  AfactorialANCOVAwasusedtoanalyzeresultsinSPSS•  Therewasamaineffectofrestrainedea6ngonmemoryperformance,inthat

restrainedeatershadasignificantlyworsememoryperformancethanthecontrolgroup(F(1,90)=13.076,p<0.0001).

•  Objecttypeandea6ngstatussignificantlyinteractedtoaffectepisodicmemoryperformance(F(1,90)=6.794,p=0.011):amongrestrainedeaters,memorywassimilarforfoodandnon-foodobjects,howeverforthecontrolgroup,memorywasbeeerforfoodobjectsthannon-foodobjects.

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•  Themaineffectonea6ngassessmentgroup(restrainedvs.control)suggeststhatthereareunderlyingphysiological,cogni6veorbehavioraldifferencesinrestrainedeaters,whichmay,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,impactepisodicmemory.

•  Therearemanysharedquali6es,bothphysicalandcogni6ve,betweenthelowandhighBMIrestrainedeaters.

•  Thereisreasontobelievethatsomeofthesesimilari6es,whichareabsentinthecontrolgroup,arecontribu6ngtoaweakerepisodicmemory.

•  Episodicmemorydeficitshavebeenlinkedtodamageinthehippocampus,anareainthebrainessen6alformemoryprocessingandlongtermpoten6a6on(Harvey,Solovyova,&Irving,2006).

•  Onesimilarityworthno6ngamongrestrainedeatersarelowlep6nlevels:•  RegardlessofBMI,restrainedeatershavebeenshowntohavelowlevelsof

lep6n(Laessle,Tuschle,Koehaus,&Pirke,1989),duetolackofadequatedailycaloricintake(rela6vetocurrentneeds,energyexpenditure,andgene6cweightset-point).

•  Referredtoasa“hungerhormone”,lep6nisknownforbeingresponsibleforregula6ngdietaryintakeandbodyweight.

•  Itispossiblethatthelep6nreceptorsinthehippocampusareresponsibleforbothappe6teregula6onandepisodicmemory.Thishasbeenexemplifiedinseveralstudies,includingoneconductedbyHarveyetal.(2006),whichfoundthatmicewhoweregivendirectdosesoflep6nsignificantlyimprovedonlongtermmemory-basedtasks.

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ResearchQues6ons

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Par%cipants:N=94Design:2x2Factorial

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Brunstrom,J.,Burn,J.,Sell,N.,Collingwood,J.,Rogers,P.,&Wilkinson,L.(2012).Episodicmemoryandappe6teregula6oninhumans.PlosONE,7(12),e50707.

Davidson,T.,Kanoski,S.,Schier,L.,Clegg,D.,&Benoit,S.(2007).Apoten6alroleforthehippocampusinenergyintakeandbodyweightregula6on.CurrentOpinionInPharmacology,7(6),613-616.

Garner,D.M.,Olmsted,M.P.,Bohr,Y.,andGarfinkel,P.E.(1982).TheEa6ngAntudesTest:Psychometricfeaturesandclinicalcorrelates.PsychologicalMedicine,12,871-878.

Harvey,J.,Solovyova,N.,&Irving,A.(2006).Lep6nanditsroleinhippocampalsynap6cplas6city.ProgressinLipidResearch,45(5),369–378.

Laessle,R.,Tuschl,R.,Koehaus,B.,&Pirke,K.(1989).Behavioralandbiologicalcorrelatesofdietaryrestraintinnormallife.Appe?te,12(2),83-94.

Abstract

Background

Methods

Methods con6nued

Results

Conclusion

References

Specialthankstomyfacultyadvisor,Dr.JessicaWalker,forthesupportandguidancethroughout,andtheOfficeofUndergraduateResearchandCrea6veAc6vity,foralloftheopportuni6esprovidedthroughtheSummerUndergraduateResearchFellowshipprogram.

Acknowledgments

FoodObjects Non-FoodObjects

RestrainedEatersn=36

Restrainedeaters,Foodobjects

Restrainedeaters,Non-foodobjects

Non-restrainedEaters(Control)n=58

Non-restrainedeaters,Foodobjects

Non-restrainedeatersNon-foodobjects

ObjectType

StudyObjects(food&non-

food)

DistractorTask

ObjectRecogni6onTest

Ea6ngAntudesTest(EAT-26)

RestrainedEaters

Non-restrainedEaters

Ea%ngBehavior

ObjectMemory

Test

Procedure: