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Effects of energy supplementation to low-
birth weight neonatal piglets on their
survival, growth and blood glucose level.
O. Schmitt *1,2,3, K. O'Driscoll1, L. Boyle1, E.M. Baxter3, P.G. Lawlor1
1Pig Development Department, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; 2Department of Animal Production, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 3Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK
The context
Large litters increased
• Litter weight variability
• Prevalence of low birth weight piglets
Neonatal mortality
• Low body energy reserves
2
Energy reserves of the newborn
piglet
Teagasc Presentation Footer 3
Source Type Available energy
Liver Glycogen 43 kJ/kg BW
Muscle Glycogen 209 kJ/kg BW
Body (non-structural body fat) Lipids 175 kJ/kg BW
Total 427 kJ/kg BW
(Mellor and Cockburn, 1986)
The context
4
Large litters increased
• Litter weight variability
• Prevalence of low birth weight piglets
Neonatal mortality
• Low body energy reserves
• Failure to acquire energy (Thorup et al., 2015)
• Low birth weight piglets = rapid depletion
Energy needs of the newborn
piglet
Teagasc Presentation Footer 5
(Mellor and Cockburn, 1986)
Ambient
temperature range
Energy
required
Sustained heat production
autonomy
Normal birth
weight piglet IUGR piglet
32-38°C 9.5 kJ/h/kg BW 31 h 5 h
18-26°C 27 kJ/h/kg BW 15 h 3 h
0-10°C 43 kJ/h/kg BW 58 h 7 h
(Mellor and Cockburn, 1986)
Energy supplementation at birth
Increases survival and growth (Decleck et al., 2016)
Medium-chain fatty acids (Herpin et al., 2002; Lepine et
al., 1989)
Commercially available products
Teagasc Presentation Footer 6
Assess the effects of energy supplementation
Compare an elaborated product to a raw source of energy
PILOT STUDY
Methods
7
Birth-Weight < 1.10 kg
(30% total born)
2 ml
3h post-partum
27 sows – 3 weeks batch farrow
0 KJ/2ml
74 KJ/2ml
71 KJ/2ml
Methods
Piglets left on their dam
• Random assignment within sow
• Litter size = 13 piglets
Targeted for birth weight < 1.10 kg
Recruitment
• Live birth
• <3h post-partum (video camera)
Teagasc Presentation Footer 8
Coconut = 35 piglets (M:F=0.84)
Water = 35 piglets (M:F=0.94)
Energyn = 34 piglets (M:F=1.13)
Data collection and analysis
9
Data collection:
• Weights : D0 (birth), D1, D7, D14, D21, Weaning
• Glucose: 24 h after supplementation (D1)
• Mortality: as occurred
Statistics: General Linear Model
• random effect of sow
• repeated effect of day www.ime-dc.de
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Water Coconut Energyn
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
mo
rta
lity
Survival
10
Treatment: NS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D0 D1 D7 D14 D21 D27
We
igth
s o
f p
igs
(k
g)
Water
Coconut
Energyn
Weights
11
Day: P<0.001
Treatment: NS
Treatment*Day: NS
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
D0-D1 D0-D7 D0-D14 D0-D21 D0-D27
Ave
rag
e d
ail
y g
ain
of
pig
s (
kg
/da
y)
Coconut
Energyn
Water
Growth
12
Treatment: NS
Blood glucose
13
Treatment: NS
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
Water Coconut Energyn
Blo
od
glu
co
se
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/L)
Discussion
No effect of supplementation on
survival, growth, or blood glucose
content
• Pilot study
• High health standards piggery
• 2 ml enough ? 71 – 74 KJ = 15h heat
production
14
To be continued…
Large scale study:
• Extra treatment: no supplementation
• Further measures:
» Baseline blood glucose content at birth
» Colostrum quality of sows
» Vitality of piglets
» Body temperature
» Cognitive abilities after weaning
Teagasc Presentation Footer 15
This study was funded by the Irish Department of Agriculture,
Food and the Marine, under the National Development Plan 2007-2013
Moorepark pig research unit staff
Technicians: Oliver Clear
Research assistants: Aurelie Poidevin