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EFFECTS OF CARBON BLACK AND SODIUM LIGNOSULFONATE IN EXPANDER ON CAPACITY OF LEAD ELECTRODE
Somsak MeenakornIntegrated Product Design and Manufacturing School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
Outline
Introduction Objective Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion
Introduction
Traction Battery
Service Life
Active Materials
Expander
Capacity
Barium Sulfate
Lignosulfonate
Carbon Black
Structure of Traction Battery
Introduction (cont)
Structure of Carbon Black on the Electrical Conductivity
Low Structure High Structure
Objective
This study aims to study the effects of carbon black and sodium lignosulfonate in expander on capacity of lead electrode.
Methodology Materials
Batch Name Weight ratio
Barium sulfate Sodium lignosulfonate
Carbon black
XE8844 88 4 4
XE8864 88 6 4
XE8846 88 4 6
XE8866 88 6 6
XE8886 88 8 6
XE8868 88 6 8
XE8888 88 8 8
The designation of the prepared expander
Methodology (cont)
Testing Mixing Expander
Cyclic voltammetry
-Electrode : Pure lead
-Reference : Ag/AgCl
-Counter : Pt
-Electrolyte : Sulfuric acid
-Start potential (v) : -0.90
-Step potential (v/s) : 0.0024
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Results and Discussion
Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a)
XE8886, b) XE8866, c) XE8846 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)
Results and Discussion (cont) b
Barium sulfate
Lignosulfonate
Carbon black
100nm
Images from transmission electron microscope (TEM) of (a) HE115 and (b) XE8866
Results and Discussion (cont)
Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a)
XE8886, b) XE8866, c) XE8846 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)
Results and Discussion (cont)
Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a) XE8868, b) XE8866, c) XE8864 and d) HE115 (commercial expander).
Results and Discussion (cont)
Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a) XE8888, b) XE8866, c) XE8844 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)
Conclusion
It was found that The results showed that carbon black and
sodium lignosulfonate enhances capacity and cycle chargeability of the electrode.
The highest capacity is found when the amount of carbon black is equal to that of lignosulfonate.
The maximum amount of charge and the best cycle chargeability are obtained when the weight ratio of barium sulfate to lignosulfonate to carbon black is 88:6:6.
Acknowledgements
Metrohm Siam Ltd The National Metal and Materials
Technology Center Defense Industry and Energy Centre,
Office of the Permanent Secretary for Defense, Ministry of Defense
Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention