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EEFFECTIVE & ECONOMIC FFECTIVE & ECONOMIC SURFACTANTS FOR IORSURFACTANTS FOR IOR
Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.Sugar Land, TXSugar Land, TX
WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN THE PRODUCTION OF YOUR THE PRODUCTION OF YOUR
WELLS START TO DECLINE?WELLS START TO DECLINE?
IOR BY CHEMICAL FLOODIOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD
Never Never reallyreally took off the ground for the took off the ground for the past two decades: - Reasons?past two decades: - Reasons?
Sensitivity to oil priceSensitivity to oil price Large up-front investmentLarge up-front investment Unpredictable return on investment Unpredictable return on investment
However, However,
Extensive lab evaluations support the Extensive lab evaluations support the feasibility of chemical floodingfeasibility of chemical flooding
Field data proves chemical flooding is Field data proves chemical flooding is an effective way to recover residual oil an effective way to recover residual oil
New chemicals and processes open the New chemicals and processes open the door for new opportunities door for new opportunities
SSelect the proper projectelect the proper project UUtilize the expertise of all involvedtilize the expertise of all involved
CChemical optimizationhemical optimization
CCost efficiencyost efficiency
EEvaluate the lab resultsvaluate the lab results
SSelect the best processelect the best process
SStart the projecttart the project
SSelect the proper projectelect the proper project UUtilize the expertise of all involvedtilize the expertise of all involved
CChemical optimizationhemical optimization
CCost efficiencyost efficiency
EEvaluate the lab resultsvaluate the lab results
SSelect the best processelect the best process
SStart the projecttart the project
OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIESOIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIESWHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT…...WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT…...
State-of-the-art IOR surfactantsState-of-the-art IOR surfactants Many years of research & industrial Many years of research & industrial
experienceexperience Field proven productsField proven products Customized products for each projectCustomized products for each project• One process or product One process or product doesn’tdoesn’t fit all fit all
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactantWhy do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERYNUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY
Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561.Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561.
0
20
40
60
80
100
1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02
Capillary Number
% O
il R
eco
vere
d Nc = µ /Nc =Nc = Capillary NumberCapillary Number
= Darcy Velocity= Darcy Velocity
µ = Viscosityµ = Viscosity
= Interfacial Tension= Interfacial Tension
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling UpScaling Up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Field ProvenField Proven Consistent qualityConsistent quality Low concentration requiredLow concentration required One component systemOne component system Low viscosityLow viscosity
SHO-VEL-TUM FIELDSHO-VEL-TUM FIELD
On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood, On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood, produced 4 bbl/dayproduced 4 bbl/day
ASP started on 2/98, using NaASP started on 2/98, using Na22COCO33 and ORS- and ORS-
6262 Total incremental oil > 10,444 bbl in 1.3 yearsTotal incremental oil > 10,444 bbl in 1.3 years
SPE 84904SPE 84904
OIL SATURATION AFTER OIL SATURATION AFTER ASP INJECTIONASP INJECTION
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
(SURFACTANT CONC, %)(ASP SLUG SIZE)
So
, %P
V
SPE 84904SPE 84904
ORS-41
ORS-62
ORS-97
ORS-46HF
ORS-41HF
ORS-57HF
SS-7593
ORS-41HFORS-41HF
ORS-62HF(2)ORS-62HF(2)
SS-B6688SS-B6688
INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTSINJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS
SELECTED REFERENCES SELECTED REFERENCES USING ORS SURFACTANTSUSING ORS SURFACTANTS
SPE 84904, 84075, 71491, 57288, SPE 84904, 84075, 71491, 57288, 49018, 3674849018, 36748
Hart’s Petroleum Engineering Hart’s Petroleum Engineering International, Dec. 1998.International, Dec. 1998.
DOE/PC/910087-0328 (OSTI ID: 3994)DOE/PC/910087-0328 (OSTI ID: 3994)
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
ASP - POTENTIAL PROBLEMS? ASP - POTENTIAL PROBLEMS? After extensive ASP flood in China, results were After extensive ASP flood in China, results were
successful, however:successful, however:
Alkali causes corrosion of the equipmentAlkali causes corrosion of the equipment Scale forms in the formationScale forms in the formation Produced wells plugged and require fracturing Produced wells plugged and require fracturing
treatment to produce oil againtreatment to produce oil again Alkali is detrimental to polymer viscosityAlkali is detrimental to polymer viscosity Extra polymer, NaOH and maintenance costs Extra polymer, NaOH and maintenance costs
SPE 71492, 71061SPE 71492, 71061
ASP LASPASP LASP
Combines the advantages of ASP and SPCombines the advantages of ASP and SP Use 0.1 – 0.6% alkaliUse 0.1 – 0.6% alkali Reduces surfactant adsorptionReduces surfactant adsorption Reduces polymer degradation Reduces polymer degradation Reduce the maintenance costReduce the maintenance cost Reduce the scale formation Reduce the scale formation Reduces the total cost of the treatmentReduces the total cost of the treatment
ASP vs. LASPASP vs. LASP Common ASP: 0.1% surf. / 1.0% NaOHCommon ASP: 0.1% surf. / 1.0% NaOH
Common LASP: 0.1% surf. / 0.2% NaOH Common LASP: 0.1% surf. / 0.2% NaOH
ASPASP LASPLASP
AS, $ / bblAS, $ / bbl $0.63$0.63 $0.29$0.29
Polymer Cost Polymer Cost Due to NaOHDue to NaOH
$$$$$$ $$
Equipment Equipment CorrosionCorrosion
$$$$$$ $$
Scale FormationScale Formation $$$$$$ $$
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
% NaOH
IFT,
mN
/mLASP - IFT vs. % NaOH LASP - IFT vs. % NaOH
0.1% ORS-62HF, TDS ~ 3,500 ppm, API Gravity ~ 40, Temp ~ 40 C, 0.1% ORS-62HF, TDS ~ 3,500 ppm, API Gravity ~ 40, Temp ~ 40 C,
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Super EffectiveSuper Effective• Ultra-Low concentration required Ultra-Low concentration required
(0.02% - 0.2%)(0.02% - 0.2%)• Provides ultra-low IFTProvides ultra-low IFT
Super ConvenientSuper Convenient• No alkali is requiredNo alkali is required• No water treatment is requiredNo water treatment is required
ADVANTAGES - ADVANTAGES - ContinuedContinued
Super TolerantSuper Tolerant • High TDS brineHigh TDS brine• High divalent cationsHigh divalent cations• High temperaturesHigh temperatures
ADVANTAGES - ADVANTAGES - ContinuedContinued
Super SavingsSuper Savings• SurfactantSurfactant• AlkaliAlkali• PolymerPolymer• Water treatmentWater treatment• Sludge disposalSludge disposal• Surface equipmentSurface equipment• Potential scale formationPotential scale formation• Equipment maintenanceEquipment maintenance
SS IN HIGH SALINITY BRINESS IN HIGH SALINITY BRINETDS ~190,000ppm, Ca, Mg ~ 95,000 ppm TDS ~190,000ppm, Ca, Mg ~ 95,000 ppm
Temp. ~ 50 C, API Gravity ~ 35Temp. ~ 50 C, API Gravity ~ 35
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
SS 6-105, % Wt.
IFT,
mN
/m
SS IN HIGH TEMP. HEAVY CRUDESS IN HIGH TEMP. HEAVY CRUDE
TDS ~ 250 PPM, TEMP.~ 100 C, API GRAVITYTDS ~ 250 PPM, TEMP.~ 100 C, API GRAVITY ~15~15
0.0001
0.0010
0.0100
0.1000
1.0000
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
SS-B2550, WT%
IFT
, mN
/m
SELECTED REFERENCES USING SELECTED REFERENCES USING SS SURFACTANTSSS SURFACTANTS
SPE 75186 – SPE IOR Meeting, SPE 75186 – SPE IOR Meeting, April, 2002April, 2002
SPE 80237 – SPE Oil Field Chemistry Meeting, Feb., SPE 80237 – SPE Oil Field Chemistry Meeting, Feb., 20032003
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
IOR BY SURFACTANT IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTIONADSORPTION-DESORPTION
Surfactant lost through adsorptionSurfactant lost through adsorption Changes disadvantage to advantage Changes disadvantage to advantage Desorbing the adsorbed surfactantDesorbing the adsorbed surfactant Reduce IFTReduce IFT Recovers additional oilRecovers additional oil
J.Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004J.Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004
IOR BY SURFACTANT IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTIONADSORPTION-DESORPTION
21 21 21 21
20 20 20
9.620
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4
Water A/S A/S/W A/S/AR
ECOVERY %
OOIP
J.Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004J.Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004
ww A/SA/S A/S/WA/S/W A/S/AA/S/A
IOR BY RECYCLING ASP IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENTEFFLUENT
Residual surfactant, polymer, alkali Residual surfactant, polymer, alkali present in the effluentpresent in the effluent
Process identifies chemicals in Process identifies chemicals in effluent and recycles back to reservoireffluent and recycles back to reservoir
Savings on chemical costsSavings on chemical costs Savings on disposal & treatment costsSavings on disposal & treatment costs Recovers additional oil over ASPRecovers additional oil over ASP
SPE 84075 SPE 84075
IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT 0.15% ORS-62HF, 1.0% NaOH, 1000 PPM polymer0.15% ORS-62HF, 1.0% NaOH, 1000 PPM polymer
51.6
19.7
51.6
01020304050607080
ASP RECYCLE
RE
CO
VE
RY
, %O
OIP
SPE 84075 SPE 84075
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up• New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate
SMART SURFACTANTSMART SURFACTANT
One component systemOne component system Provides low IFT and proper viscosityProvides low IFT and proper viscosity Salt and divalent cation tolerant Salt and divalent cation tolerant No water treatment requiredNo water treatment required No polymer requiredNo polymer required No dissolving or hydration unit requiredNo dissolving or hydration unit required Minimal up-front investmentMinimal up-front investment Minimal risk factorMinimal risk factor
US Patent PendingUS Patent Pending
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 25 50 75
PV Injected
% R
eco
very
OO
IP
%OOIP
CUM,%
15 PV water
15 PV surfactant
2 PV smart surfactant15 PV water
13 PV water
35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg0.1% surfactant0.1% surfactant0.6% smart surfactant0.6% smart surfactant
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE
Why do we need surfactant Why do we need surfactant ASPASP LASPLASP Super SurfactantSuper Surfactant New products & new ideasNew products & new ideas• IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption• IOR by recycling effluent IOR by recycling effluent • Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant
Scaling upScaling up
ENLARGED FIELD FLOODENLARGED FIELD FLOOD Raw material supplyRaw material supply
• SourceSource• AvailabilityAvailability
Manufacturing LocationManufacturing Location• Shipping, tax, etc.Shipping, tax, etc.• Improve local economyImprove local economy
Capital investment Capital investment • Up-front investmentUp-front investment• Operational costOperational cost• By-productsBy-products
Flexibility of the plantFlexibility of the plant
ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASAADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA
Abundant raw material supply Abundant raw material supply Can be made in large volume at Can be made in large volume at
desired MWdesired MW One-step alkylation/sulfonationOne-step alkylation/sulfonation
Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33
ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASAADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA
Abundant raw material supply Abundant raw material supply Can be made in large volume at Can be made in large volume at
desired MWdesired MW One-step alkylation/sulfonationOne-step alkylation/sulfonation No costly alkylation unit requiredNo costly alkylation unit required
Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33
CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESSCONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS
ConventionalConventional
Olefin + Aromatic AlkylateOlefin + Aromatic Alkylate
Alkylate + SOAlkylate + SO33 AASA AASA
NewNew
Olefin + SOOlefin + SO3 3 Olefin Sulfonic AcidOlefin Sulfonic Acid
Olefin Sulfonic Acid + Aromatic AASA Olefin Sulfonic Acid + Aromatic AASA
J. Surf. & Deterg. 5 (1) 39-43J. Surf. & Deterg. 5 (1) 39-43
CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS (80,000 MT/Yr)PROCESS (80,000 MT/Yr)
EquipmentEquipment CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL PROCESSPROCESS
NEW NEW PROCESSPROCESS
Alkylation UnitAlkylation Unit $75 – 80 million*$75 – 80 million* 00
Sulfonation Sulfonation UnitUnit
$16 million$16 million $16 million$16 million
Neutralization Neutralization UnitUnit
$2 Million$2 Million $2 Million$2 Million
* Handbook of Petroleum Refining Process (1996) p 1.62
ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASAADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA
Abundant raw material supply Abundant raw material supply Can be made in large volume at Can be made in large volume at
desired MWdesired MW One-step alkylation/sulfonationOne-step alkylation/sulfonation No costly alkylation unit requiredNo costly alkylation unit required More electrolyte tolerant than More electrolyte tolerant than
conventional alkylaryl sulfonatesconventional alkylaryl sulfonates
Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33
Need Recommendations for surfactants ?Need Recommendations for surfactants ?
To: Oil ChemTo: Oil ChemTechnologiesTechnologies SS-7593SS-7593
Total Bill Total Bill
= = $ 0.00$ 0.00
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
SS-5566, WT%
IFT
, mN
/m
OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIESOIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES
We care about our customersWe care about our customers Your success is our successYour success is our success
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