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Effect of Boron Nanoparticles on the Combustion of Jet A-1
Droplets
Vinu M Kuriakose
14AE60R18
Under The Guidance Of
Dr. Sr inibas Karmakar
I IT KHARAGPUR
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INTRODUCTION
• Droplet
• Fuel Energy Density
• Metallic additives : volumetric energy
• Particle settling
Slurry fuels : Micron and Millimetre Sized ParticlesNano-fluid : Nanoparticles
• High energy production in Ramjet Engine / missiles
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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Author Result
• Irfan Javed , SeungWook Baek , Khalid Waheed [1]
•The combustion rate of Nano-fluid droplets was substantially higher than the combustion rate of pure droplets ( due to multiple-time droplet ruptures )•Pure and stabilized kerosene droplets (ATF) , the n-Al/kerosene droplets exhibited disruptive burning behavior at all combustion temperatures and did not obey the classical D2- Law
•I. Javed, S.W. Baek, K. Waheed, G. Ali, S.O. Cho[2]•I. Javed, S.W. Baek, K. Waheed[3]
The agglomerates may be shattered by small explosions that occur due to the addition of NPs
•Ajin C. Sajeevan and V. Sajith [4]
The addition of surfactant with nanoparticles improves the stability of the nanoparticle fuel suspension and reduces the viscosity andsurface tension
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OBJECTIVES
• Finding the effect on fuel droplet regression rate by the addition of boron nanoparticles.
• Observing the probability of nucleation and disruptive behavior by the addition of nanoparticles with different proportions.
• Investigate the effects of boron nanoparticles on the Jet fuel combustion in terms of flame intensity.
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Experimental Methodology
Figure 1 : Various components in the experimental setup
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Ignition coil :nickel and chromium alloy
Quartz fiber :0.2 mm
The fuel used :
ATF (Jet A-1 )
Nanoparticles used :
Boron (<70 nm)
Instruments Used:
An Ultra Sonicator The ignition mechanism Nikon D 3200 with 30fps camera High speed camera(Phantom v7.3) at
3000 frames per second
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Fig 2 :Sonicator
Fig 3 : Ignition Mechanism , outer view (left) , inner view (right)
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PROPERTIES
Table 1 : Properties of materials used
Property (Jet A-1)Property Sorbitan Oleate, SO
(Span 80)
Boron
Chemical
Formula
C8-C16 C24H44O6 B
Density 804 kg/m3 994 kg/m3 2.3 kg/m3
Heating Value 43.15 MJ/kg
(Gravimetric )
35 MJ/L
(Volumetric)
--- 58.5 MJ/kg
(Gravimetric)
137 MJ/L
(Volumetric )
Boiling point 180 - 250 °C 579°C -
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ObservationAnd
Result
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Fig 4 : Droplet burning sequence of Pure Jet A-1
t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.4s t=4.6s
t=0 t=0.5s t=1s t=1.5s t=2s t=2.5s
Model of Droplet Burning Life
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Fig 5 : Surfactant add Jet A-1 normalized droplet diameter verses time
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Fig 6 : Boron added Jet A-1 normalized droplet diameter verses time
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a) Jet A-1 + 0.125 % SO
t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.5s
t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.2s
b) Jet A-1 + 0.125 % SO + 0.25 % B
Reason for droplet regression rate changes at the end of burning-Dilute Concentration
Fig 7: Droplet end burning of dilute nano-boron /Jet A-1 with surfactant
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a) Jet A-1 + 2.5 % SO
t=0 t=2.5s t=3.2s t=3.5s t=4s
t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=3.75s t=3.9s
Reason for droplet regression variation at the end of burning-Dense Concentration
b) Jet A-1 + 2.5 % SO + 5% B
Fig 8: Droplet end burning of dense nano-boron / Jet A-1 with surfactant
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Flame sequence in droplet combustion
Fig 9 : Flame sequences of Sorbitan Oleate (SO) cases
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Fig 10 : Flame sequence of boron nanoparticles burning cases
Flame sequence in droplet combustion
a) b)
c d
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Fig 11 : Burning of boron nanoparticles (Jet A-1 + 2.5% SO + 5% B)
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Fig 12 : Flame sequences of one of dilute and dense concentration each by high speed camera
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Fig 13 : Flame intensity variation by surfactant (SO)
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Fig 14 : Flame intensity variation by boron nanoparticles (B) with SO
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CONCLUSIONS
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• The combustion rate of boron nanoparticle-Jet A-1 droplets was
substantially higher than the combustion rate of pure Jet A-1 droplets. This
enhancement in combustion rate was due to multiple-time droplet ruptures
occurring in the nanofluid droplets.
• The nanoparticles were ejected from the droplets via disruptions, and
almost no residue or agglomerated nanoparticles remained on the fiber,
and consequently, no separate boron flame was observed.
• Boron nanoparticles presence in the droplet will break the puffing effect,
caused due to surfactant, at higher concentration.
• In contrast to pure and stabilized Jet A-1 droplets, the boron nanoparticle-
Jet A-1 droplets exhibited disruptive burning behavior at dense
concentrations and did not obey the classical D2-law.
• In the study the suspension quality of Span 80 is less, so we have to consider the use of another better surfactant or combustible gel for better suspension quality.
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SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT
• It is expected that ramjet/missiles will give high performance from the high energy produced in presence of boron
• High energy density of boron will help either to reduce the total fuel weight carried or provides space to carry additional fuel in tank
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