EFFECT OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING ON SPEED OFrku.ac.in/spt/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/group-12.pdf · Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players

EFFECT OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING ON SPEED OF

RUNNING IN FEMALE CRICKET PLAYERS.

Submitted by:

GANDHI AMIL PANKAJBHAI

(Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11027)

GEDIYA PAYAL SHANTILAL

(Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11028)

6th semester, July-2015

Guided by:

DR.NIRAJ KARAMCHANDANI

Lecturer

School of physiotherapy, RKU

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “effect of core stability training on

speed of running in female cricket players” has been undertaken and written under

my supervision and it describes the original research work carried out by Ms. Gandhi

Amil Pankajbhai & Ms. Gediya Payal shantilal registered at RK University in 6th

semester Bachelors of Physiotherapy.

I

Signature of Guide

Dr. Niraj Karamchandani

MPT Sports Rehabilitation

Assistant professor

School of physiotherapy, RKU

DECLARATION

We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of

our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any

proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from

the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully

acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that

this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by our

project review committee.

Signature of candidate Signature of candidate

Gandhi Amil Pankajbhai Gediya Payal Shantilal

Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11027 Enrolment no.:12SPTPT11028

Date: 16th July 2015 Date: 16th July 2015

Place: R.K.UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT Place: R.K.UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First and foremost we would like to thank our parents for their valuable support and

encouragement, blessing and love which has always been a source of inspiration and strength in

accomplishing this academic task.

Our heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided our this far and to whom goes all the

honor and glory for the successful completion of this study.

We wish to express our regards to our Director Dr. Priyanshu V. Rathod School of

Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous suggestions in the

completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended to our during this study.

We are extremely thankful for his constant encouragement and inspiration during the course of

this study.

With due respect, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide Dr. Niraj

Karamchandani Senior lecturer of Scholl of Physiotherapy, R.K.University, for his judicious

information, expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support, incessant reassurance

during every stage of this work and interest shown in this dissertation without which this work

would not have been possible.

We willl fail our duties if we don’t acknowledge our Colleagues and Friends for their

suggestions and criticism while assisting our in this study.

Last but not the least we would like to thanks all the Individuals in our study without whom this

task would not have been possible.

Our sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names we might have missed but who truly

deserve our gratitude.

We would like to thank once again to all who have helped our all the while.

Signature Signature

Gandhi Amil Pankajbhai Gediya Payal Shantilal

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1 BMI: Body mass index

2 SD: Standard deviation

3 CST: Core stability training

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The musculoskeletal core of the body includes the spine, hips and

pelvis, proximal lower limb and abdominal structures. The core musculature in-

concludes the muscles of the trunk and pelvis that are responsible for the maintenance

of stability of spine and pelvis and help in the generation and transfer of energy from

large to small body parts during many sports activities.[1,2]Core stability is an important

component maximising efficient athletic function. Function is most often produced by the

kinetic chain, the coordinated, sequenced activation of body segments that places the

distal segment in the optimum position at the optimum velocity with the optimum timing

to produce the desired athletic task.[2]

AIM:To check or assess speed of running in female cricket players by before and after

core stability training.

METHODOLOGY: This study includes 20 volunteers female were taken from RK

university as per inclusion and exclsion criteria. An informed consent was taken from

the all subject. Speed is measured by 4x10shuttle run test and T-test for agility before

and after given 2 weeks of core stability training.

RESULTS: The mean value of pre 4x10 shuttle run test was 30.1885 and post 4x10

shuttle run test was 25.8530. And the mean value of pre T-test for agility was 18.1205

and post T-test for agility was 15.2025. So there is significant difference between pre

and post data. Result showed that core muscle exercise training program for 2 weeks

so there is increase speed of running.

CONCLUSION: 2 weeks of core stability training improves speed of running and agility

in selected female cricket players as measured by 4x10 m shuttle run test and T test for

agility.

KEY WORDS: Core strength training, 4x10m shuttle run test, T-test for agility

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1 List of tables I

2 List of figures II

3 List of chart III

4 Introduction 1

5 Need of study 4

6 Aim & objective 6

7 Hypothesis 8

8 Review of literature 10

9 Methodology 12

10 Results 20

11 Discussion 23

12 Conclusion 26

13 Summary 28

14 Bibliography 30

15 Annexures 32

LIST OF TABLES

SR NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

10.1 Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test 21

10.2 Intra group analysis for T test for agility 22

I

LIST OF FIGURES


9.1 Materials 14

9.2 lateral bridge 15

9.3 torso flexors 15

9.4 Extensor endurance 16

9.5 4x10 shuttle run test 16

9.6 T test for agility 17

II

LIST OF CHART


10.1 Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test

21

10.2 Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for T test for agility

22

III

Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.

INTRODUCTION

2 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.

INTRODUCTION

The musculoskeletal core of the body includes the spine, hips and pelvis,

proximal lower limb and abdominal structures. The core musculature in-concludes the

muscles of the trunk and pelvis that are responsible for the maintenance of stability of

spine and pelvis and help in the generation and transfer of energy from large to small

body parts during many sports activities.[1,2] The core muscles are thoracolumbar

fascia, Paraspinals, Abdominals, hip girdle musculature, Diaphragm and pelvic floor

and joints of the hip, pelvis and spine are centrally located to be able to perform many of

the stabilising functions that the body will require in order for the distal segments (e.g.

the limbs) to do their specific function, providing the proximal stability for the distal

mobility and function of the limbs. In addition to its local functions of stability and force

generation, core activity is involved with almost all extremity activities such as running,

agility, kicking, throwing etc. [2,3]

Agility means it is ability to move and change direction and position of the body

quickly and effectively while under control. This is important component of many sports

training programs. Improved agility can mean better performance, faster response and

give athletes an edge over their competition.[7]

Core stability is an important component maximising efficient athletic function.

Function is most often produced by the coordinated, sequenced activation of body

segments that places the distal segment in the optimum position at the optimum velocity

with the optimum timing to produce the desired athletic task. In addition, since the core

is central to almost all kinetic chains of sports activities, control of core strength, balance

and motion ties, and control of core strength, balance and motion extremity function.

There is no single universally accepted definition of core stability. A general definition of

core stability that is the ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over the

pelvis and leg to allow optimum production, transfer and control of force and motion to

the terminal segment in integrated kinetic chain activities.[2]


Core strength training (CST) is widely practiced by professionals with the goals

of enhancing core stability and increasing core muscular strength, thereby improving

athletic performance.[4-6] It is believed among the health and fitness professionals that in

order to improve athletic performance and prevent risk of injury, CST is a vital

component of strength and conditioning. However, these same studies failed to find

significant changes in lower extremity stability, mechanics, or performance.[5-7] Results

indicates that CST is a useful tool for strengthening core muscles, but the carryover to

performance needs further investigation. Limited scientific studies have been conducted

to determine the effect of CST on lower extremity stability and athletic performance.[5,6]


NEED OF STUDY


NEED OF STUDY

There are very few studies which are measuring effect of core stability training on speed

of running and agility in female cricket players. Hence there is need to analyse the

influence of core stability training on speed and agility of a cricket athlete.


AIM AND OBJECTIVES


AIM To check or assess speed of running in female cricket players before and after core

stability training. OBJECTIVES

To measure the effect of 2 weeks of core stability training on speed of running in female

cricket players using 4x10 shuttle run test.

To measure the effect of 2 weeks of core stability training on agility in female cricket

players using T-test.


HYPOTHESIS


HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis

There is no significant difference on speed of running in female cricket players after

core stability training.

Alternative hypothesis

There is significant increase in speed of running in female cricket players after core

stability training.


REVIEW OF LITERATURE


REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Subramanian A. 2014 have studied that investigation of core strength

training induced adaptation on selected physical and physiological

parameters of cricket players. He concluded that eight weeks of core

strength training had significant impact on selected physical and

physiological parameters like Flexibility, Vital Capacity, Mean Arterial

Pressure, Back strength, Muscular strength.

Stanton, R. et al (2013) have studied that the effect of short –term swiss

ball training in core stability and running economy. He concluded that

performed 2 Swiss ball training sessions per week for 6 weeks. There a

significant effect of Swiss ball training on core stability and running

economy.

Saeterbakken AH et al 2011 have studied that effect of core stability

training on throwing velocity in female handball players. There is 24

female high school handball players and participated. There is divided in

to 2 groups. Both groups performed their regular handball training for 6

weeks. In addition, Experimental group was given with core stability

training. The result showed that core stability training program twice a

week for 6 consecutive weeks improve highly specific performance task

like throwing velocity.

Akuthota, V.et al (2008) have studied that Core stability exercise

principles. Core stability and its motor control have been shown to be

imperative for initiation of functional limb movements, as needed in

athletics. That summarizes the anatomy of the core, the progression of

core strengthening, the available evidence for its theoretical construct, and

its efficacy in musculoskeletal conditions.


METHODOLOGY


METHODOLOGY

Study Design: Experimental study

Study Setting: R. K. University campus

Sampling Technique: convenience

Study Population: 18-25 years old recreational female cricket players

Study Sample: 20 subjects

Study Duration: Training duration – 2 weeks

Total Study duration - 14 weeks

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA

Female recreational cricket players with age between 18-25 year.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Any musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary or neurological disorders which may not

permit the player to perform the running tests.


MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

Paper

Pen

Measurement tap

Cardboard box (in replace to cones for markings)

Chalk Stick

Stop Watch

BP monitor

Figure 9.1 materials

METHOD Eligible cricket players were included in study. Those who met inclusion &

exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The subject will to participate were

asked to sign informed consent. Those who given consent were explained

procedure of the study thoroughly.

The subject were assessed by basic assessment format which includes:

Core muscle evaluation:


While there is no Single measure of core stability a few simple tests will provide an

indication of the endurance of certain key muscle groups. The four tests advocated are

the lateral bridges, and the torso flexor and extensor endurance tests. The bridge tests

are functional in that they assess strength, muscle endurance and how well the athlete

is able to control the trunk by the synchronous activation of many muscles.

1. The lateral bridge test (Fig. 9.2) assesses the lateral core muscles. Failure

occurs when the patient loses the straight posture and the hip falls towards the

table.[7]

Figure 9.2 lateral bridge

2. The torso flexors test (Fig, 9.3) can be done by timing how long the patient can

hold a position of seated torso flexion at 60°. Failure occurs when the athlete's

torso falls below 60°.[7]

Figure 9.3 torso flexors


3. Extensor endurance test(Fig, 9.4): The athlete is prone over the edge of the

couch with the pelvis, hips and knees secured. The upper limbs are held across

the chest with the hands resting on the opposite shoulders.[7]

Figure 9.4 Extensor endurance

The speed and agility of subject was assessed by 4x10 shuttle run test & T test for

agility.

4x10 shuttle run test: This test requires the person to run back and forth between

two parallel lines as fast as possible. Set up two lines of cones 10 feet apart or use

line markings, and place two blocks of wood or a similar object behind one of the

lines. Starting at the line opposite the blocks, on the signal "Ready? Go!" the

participant runs to the other line, picks up a block and returns to place it behind the

starting line, then returns to pick up the second block, then runs with it back across

the line.

Figure 9.5 4x10 shuttle run test


T test for agility: Set out four cones as illustrated in the diagram above (5 yards =

4.57 m, 10 yards = 9.14 m). The subject starts at cone A. On the command of the

timer, the subject sprints to cone B and touches the base of the cone with their

right hand. They then turn left and shuffle sideways to cone C, and also touches its

base, this time with their left hand. Then shuffling sideways to the right to cone D

and touching the base with the right hand. They then shuffle back to cone B

touching with the left hand, and run backwards to cone A. The stopwatch is

stopped as they pass cone A.

Figure 9.6 T test for agility

After assessing this, core stability training will be given for 2 weeks. In core

stability training bridging, modified push up, side push up(both side), curl up.

After 2 weeks of core stability training, 4x10 shuttle run test & T test for agility will

be used to measure change in speed and agility.

Core stability training:

1) Side push up (both side): It exercises for the obliques, quadrates lumborum and

transversus abdominis. In the beginning, position the patient on the side

supported by the elbow and hip. The free hands placed on the opposite shoulder

pulling it down. The torso is straightened until the body is supported on the elbow

and feet.[7]


2) Curl up: It exercises for the rectus abdominis Patient lies supine with the hands

supporting the lumbar region. Do not flatten the back to the floor. One leg is bent

with the knee flexed to 90°. Do not flex the cervical spine. Leave the elbows on

the floor while elevating the head and shoulders a short distance off the floor.[7]

3) Bridging: patient lies supine with the hands in side of the body. Both legs are

bent with the knee flexed to 90°. And elevating the lower back region and hip a

short distance off the floor.[7]

TRAINING SESSIONS: Core stability training given 5 days a week for 2 consecutive

weeks. Each session began with a general warm-up of 5 minutes and consisted of 4

exercises. The total duration of training session was 30 minutes.



RESULTS


RESULT

All the statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16 version for windows

software. Paired t-test was used for group analysis.

Level of significance kept 0.05

Table10.1 Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test

Interpretation: Above result shows that experimental pre4X10 Shuttle run test mean

was 30.1885and post 4X10 Shuttle run test mean was 25.8530. So there is significant

difference between pre and post data in which duration of 4x10 Shuttle run test was

significantly less after two weeks of core stability training.

Graph10.1 Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test

TEST Mean SD P

value

T

value PRE POST PRE POST

4X10 meter

Shuttle run

test (in

sec)

30.1885

25.8530

2.61195

1.67647 <0.0001 10.977


Table 10.2 Intra group analysis for T-test for agility

TEST Mean SD P

value

T

value PRE POST PRE POST

T-test for

agility

(in sec)

18.1205

15.2025

2.39513

1.79462

<0.0001

7.805

Interpretation: Above result shows that group pre T-test for agility mean was 18.1205

and post T-test for agility mean15.2025, t value 7.805. So there is significant difference

between pre and post data in which duration of T test was significantly less after two

weeks of core stability training.

Table 10.2 Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for t-test for agility


DISCUSSION


DISCUSSION The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a core stability program

on increase speed of running in cricket player. The results of this study suggest that two

weeks of core strength training have positive effect on performance of selected cricket

players. Core Strength is one of the most important components in physical fitness and

a vital necessity for many sports.

Most of the previous research confirmed the finding of the present study. It is

apparent that core strengthening training is very specific to the movement pattern.

The results show that there is statistical significant difference in pre 4x10 shuttle

test and post 4x10 shuttle run test and also difference in pre T-test for agility and post T-

test for agility after give a core muscle exercise training program for 2 weeks. And the

difference is 4.33550 (mean difference). And in the T-test for agility there is difference in

pre and post result, and the difference is 2.91800 (mean difference).

Result of our study that give a core muscle exercise training program for 2 weeks

so there is increase speed of running.

Study done by Stanton,R et al1 found effect of 6-week Swiss ball training on core

stability and running economy in an athletic population. After giving core stability

training program in improving function mobility as above study .thoracolumbar fascia

which is connected to leg and arm is believed to active propioception this connection it

is possible that synergic, activation would occur and maintain the balance and that is

increase a speed of athlete person after giving core stability program for two week. In

this training induced a positive stimulus to promote muscle hypertrophy, enhance leg

muscle power, that way increase a speed of athlete .as above study and this study is

correlate to our study.

Study done by Saeterbakken AH et al found that 6-week core stability program

training to increase throwing velocity. Greater core stability is benefit sport performance

by providing a foundation for greater force production in upper and lower extremity.


LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Small sample size

Short follow up time

Population only female

FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

Further study can be performed in a large number of subjects.

With long follow up time

Use of both population


CONCLUSION


CONCLUSION

2 weeks of core stability training improves speed of running and agility in selected

female cricket players as measured by 4x10 m shuttle run test and T test for agility.


SUMMARY


SUMMARY Core stability is the ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over to

pelvis and leg to allow optimum production, transfer and control of force and motion to

the term segment in integrated kinetic chain activities. Researcher aim was to evaluate

the effect of core stability training on speed of running cricket players. After fulfilling the

inclusion criteria and obtaining an informed consent subject was selected for that study.

Age between 18-25 year. Study sample consist of 20 subjects.In this subject perform

4x10 shuttle run test and t-test for agility after give a core stability program for 2 week.

Then also perform 4x10 shuttle run test and t-test for agility. Stastical analysis was done

by using spss16 version for window software. Researcher was got paired t-test was

utilized for finding the level of significance kept 0.05. There was significant difference in

timing of t- test for agility &4x10 shuttle run test. Timing decreased after 2 week core

stability training (p<0.0001). Thus it conclude that core stability training for 2 weeks

improve running perform in female cricket players.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Baechle TR, Earle RW, Wathen D. Resistance training. In Baechle TR, Earle

RW. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL):

Human Kinetics, 2000: 395-425

2. Putnam CA. Sequential motions of body segments in striking and throwing skills.

J Biomech 1993; 26: 125-35

3. Zattara M, Bouisset S. Posturo-kinetic organization during the early phase of

voluntary limb movement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51: 956-65

4. Cosio-Lima LM, Reynolds KL, Winter C, Paolone V, Jones MT. Effects of

physioball and conventional floor exercises on early phase adaptations in back

and abdominal core stability and balance in women. J Strength Cond Res.

2003;17(4):721–5.

5. Scibek JS, Guskiewicz KM, Prentice WE, Mays S, Davis JM. The effects of core

stabilization training on functional performance in swimming. Unpublished

master’s thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

2001.

6. Stanton R, Reaburn PR, Humphries B. The effects of short-term swiss ball

training on core stability and running economy. J Strength Cond Res.

2004;18(3):522–8.

7. Khan K, Brunker K. Clinical Sports Medicine. 3rd edition. McGraw Hill Medical

Publication 2009:158-73


ANNEXURES


ANNEXURE 10.1

CONSENT FORM

Study title: “Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players”

Subject Name: _____________________________________________________

Age: ____________Years

Address of the subject: _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

I have been explained in details about the various questions/training/tests that will be

asked/examine (i.e. to test speed of running, health status etc). I have also been

explained that all the tests are non-invasive and without any side effect.

I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw

at any time, without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being

affected.

I understand that the data obtained through the study may be used for research paper

publication and I also understand that my identity will not be revealed at any cost. I

agree to give my consent for taking my photograph and have no objection against it.

I agree to take part in the above study

Signature of the subject: ____________

Date:

Name of Witness: ___________________

Signature of the Witness: _____________

Signature of Investigator: ___________

Date:


ANNEXURE 10.2

DATA COLLECTON FORM

DATE: _____________ NO: ___

NAME: _______________________________________________________________

AGE: ________ WEIGHT: ______ HEIGHT: _______ BMI: _______

ADDRESS: ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NO: ________________________________________________________

VITAL: PR: _________________ BLOOD PRESURE: ____________

RR: _________________ TEMPERATURE: ______________

CORE MUSCLE EVALUATION:

NAME OF TEST IN SEC.

SIDE PLANK RIGHT SIDE

SIDE PLANK LEFT SIDE

CURL UP

ISOMETRIC BACK EXTENSOR


FLEXIBILITY:

NAME OF TEST RT.SIDE LT.SIDE

90-90 SLR TEST

CALF FLEXIBILITY TEST

TRUNK ROTATION TEST

MMT:

MUSCLE RT.SIDE LT.SIDE

HIP FLEXOR

HIP EXTENSOR

HIP ADDUCTOR

HIP ABDUCTER

KNEE FLEXOR

KNEE EXTENSOR

ANKLE PF

ANKLE DF

TRUNK SIDE FLEXOR

TRUNCK FLEXOR

TRUNCK EXTENSOR


FUNCTIONAL EXAMINATION:

OUTCOME MEASURE PRE-TRAINING DATA

(IN SECOND)

POST-TRAINING DATA

(IN SECOND)

4X10 SHUTTLE RUN TEST

T-TEST FOR AGILITY


Master chart

No. Age 4x10m shuttle run test

(in sec)

T-test for agility

(in sec)

Pre. Post. Pre. Post.

1 20 26.02 23.56 16.53 14.37

2 20 29.72 24.74 16.51 14.85

3 20 30.49 26.36 18.01 16.54

4 18 31.93 25.09 18.01 16.33

5 20 28.09 26.00 13.59 12.50

6 20 35.09 27.99 18.54 16.36

7 21 29.14 24.32 15.00 13.28

8 20 29.77 23.07 18.53 12.64

9 19 27.00 25.47 23.50 16.66

10 19 32.00 28.03 23.07 17.80

11 22 34.02 28.00 20.73 17.00

12 18 31.40 26.89 19.00 16.83

13 18 28.03 23.75 17.88 12.50

14 18 30.12 25.70 18.00 16.30

15 21 34.09 26.90 17.54 14.82


16 19 29.77 26.05 15.01 12.64

17 19 32.00 29.02 18.90 15.83

18 19 30.00 26.00 17.02 13.37

19 21 25.07 23.66 18.51 16.95

20 20 30.02 26.46 18.53 16.48

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EFFECT OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING ON SPEED OFrku.ac.in/spt/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/group-12.pdf · Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players