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Finnish Phenomena 2012
EF Educational Tours 2012
Virginia School- University Partnership (VSUP) Educational DelegationFrance and Finland 2012
VSUP Educational Delegation• School Districts
AlbemarleCharlottesvilleFairfaxFauquierFredericksburgGloucesterMiddlesexPrince William
• Delegates(3) College/Univ.(1) SB Member(6) Superintendents(6) Central Office(7) Principals(3) Teachers(3) Retired Educators(8) Spouses/Guest
Additional Delegates from Virginia
Va. Secretary of EducationVa. Commission on YouthVa. Senate Finance Va. Board of EducationVa. Home for Girls and BoysWomen Educational Leaders of Va.(3) VSUP Representatives (5) EF Staff and Tour Directors(4) Other professions
55
Trip ItineraryNovember 26-25
Day 1- Travel overnight to ParisDay 2- Arrive in Paris at 2pm- Guided TourDay 3- Tour Muse’e du LouvreDay 4- Visit OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
Day 5- Fly to HelsinkiDay 6- Visit to Hiidenkivi Comprehensive SchoolDay 7- Dr. Pasi Sahlberg at CIMO (Center for International Mobility
University of Helsinki/Tour of the Univ. Museum ArppeanumDay 8- Visit to Helsinki Lyceum /Viikki Teacher Training SchoolDay 9- Excursion to Tallinn, EstoniaDay 10- Flight home
Finnish Phenomena
Learning about
Finland
“Pasi Sahlberg provides the clearest analysis of how Finland’s schools were able to achieve their world standing during the last three decades.” — Catherine A. Cardno, Teacher’s College Press, 2011
“The book also addresses the role of teachers as well as the links between education reform and other sectors of society, and how smart education policies serve to raise a nation's prosperity and reduce poverty.”— Linda Darling-Hammond, Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education and Co-Director of the Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education at Stanford University
Top 10 Best Countries in the World
Finland#1
• Education• Health• Quality of Life• Economic Dynamism• Political Environment
English.news.cnn
What can we learn from Finland?Global Comparison United States FinlandPopulation 315 Million 1.1 MillionCapital Washington D.C. HelsinkiMedian Age 37.1 years 42.7 years
Economic Development 7th 3rd
Technological Advancement 5th 3rd
Child Health and Well Being 20th 3rd
Child Poverty 22nd 4th
Income Inequality Rate 15.9th 5.6th
Corruption Perception 24th 2nd
Unhappiness Index 11th 2nd Global Innovation Index 10th 4th
Educational ReformGlobal Reform Movement
• Competition• Accountability• Standardization• Fear
The Finnish Way
• Collaboration• Responsibility• Customization• Well being
What can we learn from the Finnish educational school system?
• Finnish children don’t start school until they are 7.
• Students take one mandatory standardized test at age 16.
• Finland spends around 30 percent less per student than the United States.
• 93% of Finns graduate from high school.
• 66% of students go to college- 43% vocational schools
• Creativity and problem solving play a central role in the classroom.
• Finland promotes the well-being of children.
• Every school must have a welfare team to advance child happiness in school, creating a safe, healthy environment for learning.
• Class sizes are small.• Students are encouraged to play,
have fun and embrace the arts.• Why do we focus on Finland? Jeff Dunn, August 2012
Good school for all, not for some, is the core value that drives education in Finland.
Key Facts about the Finnish Phenomenon
Individual schools have curriculum autonomy; individual teachers have classroom autonomy.
Teachers are responsible for developing a curriculum that assesses student progress of virtually every aspect of the children’s educational experience.
Teachers are paid to spend two hours a week on professional development.
Finland has a culture of collaboration between schools, not competition.
Finland has no private schools. Education emphasis is “equal opportunity to
all.” Finnish culture values childhood
independence. Finnish schools do not assign homework. Finnish schools have sports, but no sports
teams. Competition is not valued.
Finland recruits its teachers from the top 10% of graduates.
All Teachers are required to have a Master’s Degree.
Finnish teachers spend 592 hours per year teaching in class, less than the OECD average of 703 hours.
At least 2 out 5 Finnish school students benefit from some type of special intervention during their secondary schooling.
Teaching has the prestige as that of doctors and lawyers.
The Daily Riff; Be Smarter about Education; 2010
Early Childhood Intervention and Education
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, 2002
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• 75% of Students Ages 3-5 are in Day Care • 98 % of Students Ages 6 are in Day Care• Pre-School: Ages 6-7• Pre-K Teachers Must Have a Degree as Well • Finland Improved the Education System by Focusing on Equity
NCEE-Center on International Education Benchmarking2012
Finland’s Education System
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• Compulsory School in Finland: Ages 7-16 or Grades 1-9
• Pre-School is Offered (Half Day) • In Finland, All Movies are Sub-titled (Closed
Captioned) • Finland Does not Have Private Schools (there are 75 Charter Schools)
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
Paris, November 19, 2012
Originally founded in 1947 to implement the Marshall Plan and help with the economic reconstruction of Europe, today the OECD promotes economic stability and fights poverty in its member nations.
PISA AT A GLANCE• 2009 assessment given to ½ million students in 74
countries. 2009 assessment focused mainly on reading, with additional assessments in math and science.
• Tests are designed to measure a student’s ability to extrapolate what they have learned, rather than basic facts. Students must apply what they have learned to real-life situations.
• Data is also collected on student backgrounds and the way schools are run.
• Tests are a combination of • multiple-choice and open-ended • questions.
2009 PISA RESULTSUnited States
Finland
Mean score and rank Mean score and rank
READING 500 – 14th 536 – 3rd
MATH 487 - 25th 541 – 2nd
SCIENCE 502 -17th 544 – 1st
Source: OECD (2010), PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do: Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I), OECD Publishing.1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932366636
FACTORS IN U.S. PISA RESULTS
• Significant variability in reading test performance by region: Northeast – 510, Midwest – 500, West – 486, South – 483.
• Variability in performance by socio-economic status.
• Has one of the highest expenditure per student rates among OECD countries, but still in middle of the pack.
• Factors like smaller class sizes, transportation costs and sports programs make US costs higher.
• U.S. one of the few countries where low-performing schools get fewer resources.
© OECD 2010 Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States
FACTORS IN FINLAND’S PISA RESULTS
• Teacher autonomy National curriculum is
merely a framework; teachers use own discretion to plan curriculum.
Emphasis on teaching students how to learn and how to assess their own learning.
• Teacher QualityAll teachers have
masters degrees. Selective admissions to
teacher training programs: must have top Matriculation exam scores, take a written test, interview. In 2010, 6,600 applicants for 660 spots.
© OECD 2010 Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States
More Factors in Finland’s Results
• No standardized assessments.Assessment and
accountability is at the teacher and school level.
• Equity Little variation in quality
of educational experience among schools in different areas and among different socio-economic levels.
© OECD 2010 Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States
Average performanceof 15-year-olds in reading – extrapolate and apply
High reading performance
Low reading performance … 17 countries perform below this line
1525354555440.000
460.000
480.000
500.000
520.000
540.000
560.000
Shanghai-China
KoreaFinlandHong Kong-China
Singapore CanadaNew Zealand
JapanAustralia
NetherlandsBelgiumNorway, EstoniaSwitzerlandPoland,IcelandUnited States LiechtensteinSwedenGermany,
IrelandFrance, Chinese TaipeiDenmarkUnited KingdomHungary,Portugal
Macao-China ItalyLatvia
Slovenia GreeceSpain
Czech RepublicSlovak Republic, CroatiaIsraelLuxembourg,
Austria LithuaniaTurkey
Dubai (UAE) Russian Federation
Chile
Serbia
Northeast
Midwest
WestSouth
Math US
Science US
SAMPLE READING QUESTIONS
TAKE THE TEST: SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM OECD’S PISA ASSESSMENTS - ISBN 978-92-64-05080-8 - © OECD 2009
Average performanceof 15-year-olds in mathematics – extrapolate and apply
High mathematics performance
Low mathematics performance … 21 countries perform below this line
1525354555440.000
460.000
480.000
500.000
520.000
540.000
560.000
Hong Kong-China
KoreaChinese Taipei
FinlandLiechtenstein
Switzerland
Japan CanadaNetherlandsMacao-China
New ZealandBelgium
AustraliaGermanyEstonia,
IcelandDenmarkSloveniaNorwayFranceSlovak Republic,Austria,
PolandSweden,Czech RepublicUnited Kingdom,
HungaryLuxembourg
United StatesIreland, PortugalSpainItalyLatviaLithuania
Russian FederationGreece
Croatia
Dubai (UAE)
Israel TurkeySerbia
Singapore (565)Shanghai-China (600)
TAKE THE TEST: SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM OECD’S PISA ASSESSMENTS - ISBN 978-92-64-05080-8 - © OECD 2009
Average performanceof 15-year-olds in science – extrapolate and apply
High science performance
Low science performance … 20 countries perform below this line
1525354555440
460
480
500
520
540
560
Finland
Hong Kong-China
SingaporeJapan Korea
New ZealandCanadaEstoniaAustraliaNetherlandsChinese TaipeiGermany LiechtensteinSwitzerland
United KingdomSlovenia Macao-China
PolandIrelandBelgium,
HungaryUnited States,Czech Republic Norway , DenmarkFrance IcelandSwedenAustria, Latvia Portugal
LithuaniaSlovak Republic Italy Spain
CroatiaLuxembourg
Russian Federation
GreeceDubai (UAE)
Israel Turkey
ChileSerbia
Shanghai-China (575)
Lessons From Successful Schools• Incentives, accountability,
knowledge management .• A commitment to
education and the belief that competencies can be learned by all children.
• Clear ambitious goals that are shared across the system– emphasis on metacognitive instruction.
• Investing resources where they can make the most difference.
• Attracting high-quality, highly-trained teachers.
• A learning system with a constant monitoring of progress, international successes, and anticipation of future challenges.
• Coherence of policies and practices: (without excessive control).
© OECD 2010 Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States
Finnish Educational System • Typical Finnish School is Approximately 400
Students • Parents are paid to Stay Home with their Kids:
Ages 0-3. • School Board Composition: Chair, principal,
two parents, a teacher, a school staff member and two students.
Finnish Educational System
• Languages: Languages of Concentration-Finnish, Swedish and English (other languages: French, German, Italian, and Spanish)
• School System Emphasis: – in the US, there is an integration of sports in
schools; – in Finland, sports are offered as clubs after school, completely separate
Finnish Educational System • Culture and Emphasis of the School System:– US focuses on Competition, Standards and
Accountability – Finland focuses on Cooperation, Equality, and
Individualization • Compulsory Education:• Grades 1-9; • Grade 10 and thereafter is Optional
Finnish Educational System
• Secondary Education: – After Grade Nine, 55% of students matriculate into
secondary school (upon acceptance)– 40% Attend a Vocational/Apprentice Training
• There is a Matriculation Exam to Enter College • Typical Age of a Matriculating College Student
is Approximately 20 years
CIMO
• On November 22, 2012, the Delegation Visited CIMO
• CIMO: Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• Dr. Pasi Sahlberg: Director of CIMO at the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• Finnish Systems of Education– Ministry of Education and 300 Educational
Municipalities – The Ministry of Education Develops the
Curriculum (monitors and evaluates as well)
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• CIMO: Promotes International Awareness and Assists in the Study Abroad Effort of Foreign Educational Entities
• Costs of Education: All Levels of Education in Finland are Free (Higher Learning as well)
• Duties of the Ministry of Education: • Legislation • Policy Development • Funding for Education
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• Educational Reform Began in the 1970s• At that time schools were primarily private • In 1970s, Most Students Lived in Poverty • School Reform was the Main Catalyst for
Economic Improvement
Center for International Mobility and Cooperation
• Reading on Grade Level Makes no Sense to the Finns; students are Evaluated Based on Individual Potential
• Finnish Instructors are Trained to Know Content, but also must learn about Child Development
• Finland’s Educational System is Highly Individualized• “Our Students vs. My Students”
VIIKKI TEACHER TRAINING SCHOOL
VIKKI BACKGROUND
• Established in 1869.• Affiliated with the University
of Helsinki.• One of 13 Teacher-Training
Schools in Finland.• “Maintain a high standard in
curriculum design and teaching while developing diverse methods for practice teaching and the use of educational technology.”
Building
• Current building erected in 2003.
• Classrooms grouped in subject-specific units around a common area.
• 2 auditoriums, library, gymnasium, cafeteria.
POPULATION
STUDENTS:• Elementary school: 421• Secondary School: 256• Upper Secondary
School: 256TEACHERS: 102UNIVERSITY TRAINEES: 200OTHER STAFF: 30
DECIMAL LESSON – STUDENTS ROTATE THROUGH STATIONS
6th Grade Math Station
TEACHER SCHEDULETime Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday8:00-8:45 *Finnish
(Mother Tongue)
Religion
9:00-9:45 Religion (4th Grade)
Religion (1st Grade)
Handicrafts Religion Religion (1st Grade)
9:45-10:30 Finnish History Handicrafts Math (1/2 class in English lesson)
Finnish
10:45-11:30 Phys. Ed. History Art Finnish12:00-12:45 Physics/
ChemistryMath (1/2 class in French Lesson)
Finnish Art Math
1:15-2:00 Biology/Geometry
Math (1/2 class in English lesson)
Math Math (1/2 class in English lesson)
*Finnish
2:00-2:45
CAFETERIA
LIBRARY AND PLAYGROUND
STUDENT STORAGE
STUDENT TEACHERS
MAKING GEOBOARDS
Elementary Classroom
TEACHING STUDENTS SELF-ASSESSMENT
HIIDENKIVI COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
HIIDENKIVI BACKGROUND
• Founded in 2004• 760 students• 65 teachers• Grades 1-9, ages 7-16• Upper school (7th-9th) from 2 local primary
schools.• 10% non-native speakers• 10% special needs
PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES
• Inclusive• Focus on learning how to learn• Cooperative learning and co-teaching• Collaborative learning• Pupil involvement in curriculum • Green Flag School (Environmentally conscious)• 60 minute classes (4-6 per day)
STUDENT GUIDES
CLASSROOM PODS
CLASSROOMS
LIBRARY AND PROJECT ROOM
HALLWAYS
ARTS CLASSES
SCHOOL IMPRESSIONS
• Overall, the schools were warm, inviting environments where students were engaged in learning.
• Heavy emphasis on the arts in addition to academic subjects.
• Emphasis on free time between classes and student independence.
Pasi Sahlberg’s Recommendations for Educational Reform in the United States
#1 More time to play!
#2 Reevaluate our Standardized Testing Years and Procedures
#3 Provide Vocational opportunities for students