EElleepphhaanntt FFaacciilliittiieess FFeeaassiibbiilliittyy SSttuuddyy · 2011-05-05 · MEP/Structural Review Green Design Review Recommended Design Concept Detail Cost Analysis

F I N A L R E P O RT

EElleepphhaanntt FFaacciilliittiieess FFeeaassiibbiilliittyy SSttuuddyy

DECEMBER 1, 2010

TORONTO ZOO

EElleepphhaanntt FFaacciilliittiieess FFeeaassiibbiilliittyy SSttuuddyy DECEMBER 1, 2010 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Preliminary Elephant Experience Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Inventory Analysis Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Design Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Overall Site Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Comparative Facility Analysis Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Inventory Analysis and Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Comparative Facility Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

EElleepphhaanntt FFaacciilliittiieess FFeeaassiibbiilliittyy SSttuuddyyDECEMBER 1, 20102

DESIGN TEAM

Toronto Zoo – OwnerRobin Hale Chief Operating OfficerSue Gunton Director, Planning & Analysis Eric Morris Director, Facilities & ServicesBill Rapley Executive Director,

Conservation, Education & ResearchPaul Harpley Manager, Interpretation, Culture & Design Maria Franke Curator of MammalsEldon Smith Administrative Manager,

Conservation, Education & Research Dave Barney Manager, Animal CareEric Cole Supervisor, African SavannaChris Dulong Keeper Grade 4Vern Presley Keeper

CLRdesign – Project Management, Architecture,Landscape Architecture, Exhibit DesignGreg Dykstra PrincipalJón Stefánsson PrincipalJacqueline Bershad Associate

Stantec – Mechanical, Plumbing, Electrical EngineerMike Godawa Principal

Morrison Hershfeld Ltd. – Structural EngineerJames Theodorlis

Dave Ruhl Cost Estimating – Feasibility Concept EstimatingDave Ruhl


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The PurposeElephants have been an integral part of the Toronto Zoofrom its opening in 1974. Since that time, the managementof captive elephants, the status of wild elephants,and public awareness of elephant issues have allchanged substantially. In their ongoing stewardshipof these majestic animals, the Toronto Zoo contractedCLR Design to perform an Elephant FacilitiesFeasibility Study to examine the current and futureelephant facility requirements at the Toronto Zoo.

The ProcessThe goal of this study is to determine the optimalfacilities required to promote both animal welfare andvisitor satisfaction. This process included an extensiveexisting facilities analysis, a comparative facilitiesanalysis, and four workshops devoted to design testconcept analysis.

StrategicPlan

Preliminary Report Interim Report Interim Report #2

WS#1 WS#2 WS#3 WS#4

Design Alternatives

Feasibility Analysis

Cost Analysis

Refine DesignAlternatives

Refine Cost Analysis

ComparativeFacilities Analysis

MEP/StructuralReview

Green Design Review

RecommendedDesign Concept

Detail Cost Analysis

Peer Review

CAZAGuidelinesReview

Site & Building Analysis

Process Flow Diagram

The Goals• Create the premiere elephant exhibit in NorthAmerica to meet or exceed all CAZA & AZAguidelines.

• Provide year-round comfort, socialization, andenrichment for elephants and flexibility forcollection management.

• Create dynamic, engaging, comfortable environ-ments for the public to view and learn aboutelephants.

• Provide leadership in both elephant and environ-mental conservation.

• Reestablish the Toronto Zoo as a significantelephant breeding center.

BASECAMP

RENOVATEDHABITAT

EXISTINGELEPHANTHOLDING

NEWHOLDING HABITAT

OFF-EXHIBITYARD

PLAZA &DEMO AREA

Bird’s Eye Perspective

Final Report

UpdatedCost Analysis


The Plan

The Toronto Zoo and CLRdesign team have developeda state of the art plan for the future of elephants at theToronto Zoo that is in keeping with the Zoo’s status asthe premiere zoological institution in Canada.

• Create the largest indoor dayroom/herdroom inNorth America. At 3,700m2 this facility would bethree times the size of any other on the continentand a breakthrough for elephant management innorthern climates.

• Create a new 7,500m2 immersive habitat and up-grade the existing habitats into highly interactivedemonstration and management yards.

• Double the existing holding capacity to allow formanagement of expanded breeding herd, multipleherds, and bulls.

• Implement the Toronto Green DevelopmentStandard 2007 and the Toronto Zoo Green Plan2007 to create facilities at the forefront of sustainabledesign and energy conservation.

Aerial Photo

MALAYANWOODS

PAVILION

AFRICANRAINFOREST

PAVILION

INDIANRHINO

AFRICARESTAURANT

ZOOMOBILESTOP

LION

SEAL

BABOON

CHEETAH

SERVICEAREA

SERVICEAREA UNDEVELOPED

PICNICAREA SERENGETI

BUSH CAMPAFRICANSHAMBA

FARM

UNDEVELOPED

ELEPHANT

HIPPO HIPPO

ELEPHANT

ELEPHANT

RANGERSTATION

WARTHOG

KUDU

SIMBASAFARI

RHINOZEBRA

HOOFSTOCKRHINO

AFRICAN SAVANNA

INDO-MALAYA

TOAMERICAS

PHASE 2PHASE 2

PHASE 1PHASE 1

EXISTINGELEPHANTFACILITIES

EXISTINGELEPHANTFACILITIES


INTRODUCTION

Elephants are perhaps the most easily recognizable of all animals on earth.They have fascinated people of all ages for over 3,000 years. Wild Asian andAfrican Elephants are in peril. African elephant populations have declinedmore than 75% in just the past twenty years. Asian elephants have been highlyendangered for most of the last century. Currently, one-third of all Asianelephants on earth are held in captivity.

AZA is comprised of compassionate, caring experts committed to ensuring thatelephants are part of our future. Elephants in our care play an essential role inthe survival of the species. AZA advocates on behalf of all elephants with aunified and consistent voice. Our conservation, education, and researchprograms help to enhance our elephant populations and inspire public action.We care for and conserve elephants through our expertise, our passion, ourresources, and our global collaboration with others who share our vision.

– The AZA Elephant Vision Statement

Professional ResponsibilityThe Toronto Zoo (TZ) is an active member of both the Association of Zoosand Aquariums (AZA) and the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums(CAZA). As part of this feasibility study, TZ hosted a meeting of CAZA toupdate the CAZA Guidelines for Elephant Management and Care. Any newelephant facilities constructed at the Toronto Zoo must meet or exceed the highstandards set by AZA and CAZA.

In order to further ensure that any new design for elephant facilities meet thehighest standards of elephant care, TZ undertook a peer review, inviting twoexperts in elephant management to challenge their thinking and expand theirvision. These were John Lehnhardt, AZA Elephant TAG Vice-Chair andAnimal Operations Director at Disney’s Animal Kingdom, and Charlie Gray,Vice-President of the International Elephant Foundation and Superintendent ofElephants at African Lion Safari, Cambridge, ON.

Zoo TrendsAZA institutions have a stronger commitment to elephants today thanever before, and are actually collectively expanding the eventual holdingcapacity in AZA institutions to over 400 elephants in the next 10 years.The zoo trend is not away from elephants. To the contrary, the zoo trend istoward more elephants and better facilities.

– John Lehnhardt

• There are approximately 300 elephants held in AZA institutions, about half are Asian, half African. The population has not been self sustaining.

• Zoos are addressing the fact that elephants are highly social animals and should be held in larger herds.


• Currently 77 AZA institutions hold elephants. That will go down to +/-60 institutions as the requirements to hold larger herds are put in place.

• 40+ zoos are in the process of building larger elephant facilties.

• Zoos that have eliminated elephants have primarily done so for financial reasons. As herd size and expectations of facilities haverisen, costs have risen.

• Some zoos have encountered criticism from animal rights activists on their elephant policies – sometimes for relocating elephants, sometimes for importing them from other countries, sometimes for housing elephants at all.

• Breeding facilities will strive to hold 6-12 elephants, with a minimum of 3, and capabilities for 2 or more males per AZA TAG.

• Holding facilities will strive to hold 2-6 elephants with a minimum of 3, and capabilities for all males per AZA TAG.

• Some institutions are opting for an all bull herd. This serves the community as a whole and provides for a dynamic exhibit.

• Breeding success is improving. Increased reproduction is the most critical aspect of elephant management programs.

• It is increasingly difficult to import elephants from range countries.• European zoo elephant populations are more robust than North American due to greater importation and breeding success.

• Large new breeding and research centers are being created, such asThe National Elephant Center (TNEC), sponsored by the AZA, andthe International Conservation Center (ICC) that focuses on Africanelephants being opened by the Pittsburgh Zoo.

• AZA institutions fund and support in-situ conservation and research projects to conserve elephants in their range countries and develop the knowledge to improve the well-being of elephants worldwide.

Toronto Zoo HistoryToronto Zoo was one of the first zoos to import a large group of elephants tobe maintained together with a male...The current elephant herd at the TorontoZoo is considered to be post-reproductive and if no new animals are integratedinto the herd Toronto Zoo will be without elephants in the forseeable future.

– Charlie Gray

The Toronto Zoo has exhibited African elephants since its inception andcurrently houses three female African elephants. Toronto Zoo was one of thefirst zoos in North America and the first in Canada to successfully breed Africanelephants in captivity. This background puts TZ in a unique position to make asignificant contribution to the reproduction of the species in captivity. Elephant keeper in days of free contact.


The standards for husbandry and housing of elephants are continuouslyevolving and improving. The Toronto Zoo’s elephant exhibit was built in 1974.The current elephant house was built in 1982 and expanded in 1997. It does nothave a suitable public viewing area. The original elephant house still remainsand currently houses river hippos. In 1995, protected contact management wasadopted to increase the safety of staff and animals. Current managementthinking indicates that some combination of free and protected contact may bemost appropriate, particularly for breeding.

Northern ClimateAnimal rights activists have recently contended that elephants should not bekept in northern zoos because the elephants cannot thrive in colder climates...Elephants thrive in many northern zoos. The most successful Asian elephantbreeding program in North America is at African Lion Safari in Cambridge,Ontario, only an hour’s drive to the West. The Toronto Zoo has had breedingand long term management success with their current facilities. Many othernorthern zoos in North America and Europe are also very successfulmanaging elephants. This does not mean that accommodation from a facilityand management perspective are not needed. Large indoor natural substratefacilities are the next advancement in elephant management, along withprotected and microclimate outdoor spaces made available in colder weather.

– John Lehnhardt

Elephants natural habitats are in warm climates. The challenge for zoos innorthern climates is to create facilities that allow elephants to enjoy a high levelof comfort and activity throughout the year. Toronto Zoo is participating in athree year $1.2 million study of all Asian and African elephants at AZAinstitutions, funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS).The study is entitled "Using Science to Understand Zoo Elephant Welfare" andits objective is to understand the relationship between environmental variables(enrichment, training, space, group size etc.) and physical and mental health ofzoo elephants. The results of this study should help to identify captivemanagement changes to improve elephant welfare.

In order to accommodate elephants in northern zoos, the trend, particularly inEurope, is to provide large enclosed facilities up to 4,000m2 (one acre). Theseare not necessarily tropical forests kept at 27°C year round, but provide atemperate environment comfortable for animals and visitors. The animals aretypically provided with “soft substrate,” sand and soil, that is much morecomfortable for them to walk on. This in combination with large enclosed areasfor exercise and enrichment improved animal health. Another important trendis to provide “microhabitats” which are outdoor habitats that have heating andwindbreaks to make them comfortable in cold weather, and shade and water forwarm weather.

Currently in temperate weather, the herd can be together outside for approximately20 hours a day and have many opportunities for social interaction. In cold weather,they are housed inside in stalls with limited time outside together.

View of Exhibit A in spring. Site drops away quickly.

View of Exhibit A in winter. No sheltered outdoorarea for winter use.

Elephants in the snow at African Lion Safari.


PRELIMINARY ELEPHANT EXPERIENCE CONCEPTS

The elephant experience should expand the successful immersive experiencecreated in the existing African Savanna.

Base CampThe primary project driver is to create a large comfortable indoor landscapefor the elephants where visitors are welcomed inside to view and engage. Theinitial driver was to create indoor and adjacent outdoor habitats that areconducive to winter use. From the visitor standpoint, this will extend theexisting indoor winter sequence through the African Rainforest Pavilion andcreate a much needed winter anchor for the African Savanna. However, it iscritical that this facility be envisioned for year-round use. It will provide a warmspace in winter, shade in summer, a place to separate herd members, or ademonstration space.

Summer Bush CampToronto in summer means getting out to enjoy the sun, some shade, the water, anda cool drink. This is true for elephants as well as visitors. To balance the newBase camp and draw the elephants and visitors through the Savanna, a newSummer Bush Camp will be created. For visitors this will mean expanding theexisting infrastructure of the Simba Safari, Bush Camp, and picnic areas andlinking it directly to elephant viewing to create increased education, entertainmentand revenue opportunities. For the elephants it means enrichment opportunitiesto stay cool and stimulated with pools, shade, wallows, misters, and dust baths.Mirroring human and animal activities is an excellent vehicle for interpretationand conservation awareness.

Rotterdam Zoo – Toronto Zoo could strive tointegrate more natural elements

Cologne Zoo – New ¾ acre interior exhibitToronto Zoo – Watering hole

Hogle Zoo – Elephant Demonstration Pavilion


Flexible ManagementFlexible management means the ability to create options for elephants andkeepers. Current facilities consist of individual holding stalls and one exteriorexhibit. New facilities will include individual holding stalls, large interiorherdroom, off-exhibit yards, and a series of linked varied habitats that allow theZoo to flexibly manage large or multiple herds, offspring and bulls.

Habitat VariabilityThe elephant habitats should be designed with distinctly different characteristicsto let elephants do what they do in nature. Exhibits should incorporate naturalfeatures, such as scratch posts/rocks, sand digs and piles, butting trees,variable mud wallows, snack or feed stations. Pool levels could vary to createa dynamic habitat. Along the edge, habitats will be heavily forested and thenopen to Rouge Valley beyond creating an unparalleled vista. This variability isenriching for the elephants and continues the immersive and naturalistichabitats of the existing Savanna to engage the visitor.

Mixed SpeciesLinkages to the existing African Savanna and the Hippo exhibit create theopportunity for exciting mixed species exhibits. Whether through borrowed viewsor animal rotation, it may be possible to allow animals and visitors to experiencethe diversity of the real savanna.

Education SafariEducation is a primary driver for maintaining elephants at the Zoo and should beviewed as an adventure. Visiting the new elephant exhibits will be like goingon a safari with maps, supplies, and a trusty guide. For the exhibit, the “maps”will be traditional interpretive and graphic panels, the “supplies” will be handson interactives, and the “guides” will be keepers doing demonstrations andchats. Finally, the “satellite phone” will digitally link to the world of habitat,research, education, and conservation beyond the Zoo in the form of LCDscreens, cell phone technology or interactive computers.

Sustainable DesignThe Toronto Zoo strives to be a leader and model of sustainable campus designoutlined in Toronto Zoo’s Green Plan 2007. All projects at the Zoo mustconform to Toronto Green Redevelopment Standard 2007. Each new projectbuilds on the strategy to reinvent how energy is used and its impact on theinstitution. Possible green initiatives include geothermal, solar, and waterreclamation. The large visitorship and education focus of the Zoo creates anexcellent opportunity to engage the public in sustainability issues.

Swimming

Mud Wallow Foraging

Green roof helps integrate building with landscape

Utah’s Hogle Zoo – Keeper Demonstration Area


INVENTORYANALYSIS SUMMARY

The design team undertook an extensive study of the existing site, facilities,and utilization. See the Appendix for full analysis. Below are primary pointswhich were developed into design criteria and incorporated in final design.

SiteVisitor Circulation• Primary visitor path in the African Savanna functions well.

Service Circulation• Service and Zoomobile road to the south functions well but is eroding.

Topography and Vegetation• Site slopes to the south providing excellent view of Rouge Valley. • There is a strong line of vegetation along the Rouge Valley andmixed vegetation throughout the site.

Climate• Winters can be cold and windy and summers hot.

Utility Systems• Site infrastructure is in place and generally conforms to previousexhibit layouts.

Sustainable Design Strategies• Site runoff goes to storm system.• With the exception of the shade structures, the exhibits are notsheltered from wind or sun.

View of Exhibit A in spring. Site drops away quickly.

View of Exhibit A in winter. No sheltered outdoor areafor winter use.

View from Elephant Boardwalk to Exhibit B. Exhibitslopes to service road.

View from Elephant Boardwalk across the Rouge indirection of proposed exhibits.

Existing Entry Plaza between Rainforest Pavilion and Elephant Building.


Animal & ExhibitsAnimal Collection• Elephants - Collection: 0.3.0 – Loxodonta Africana• Herd is non-breeding and current plan is to maintainthat status due to age.

• Hippos - Collection: 1.2.0 – Hippopotamus amphibious• While not the focus of this study, the currentlocation of the hippos requires that a decision on theirstatus be made in conjunction with the elephants.

Exhibits• Existing Elephant Exhibit A is 1566M2. Due to steepgrades it is extremely difficult to view or use largeareas of the exhibit. Barriers were recently upgraded.

• Existing Elephant Exhibit B is 1790M2. Barriers wererecently upgraded. There is an existing dump and fillpool 40m3. The view from the boardwalk over theexhibit is effective and popular.

Visitors• There is currently no indoor viewing of elephants.• Seating and shade are primarily at boardwalk area.• Food and restrooms are available at Simba Safari Lodge.• Seasonal retail is located at elephant plaza.• Limited text and graphics panels are existing. Thereare no hands-on interactives or digital media.

• There is a successful program of keeper talks andelephant demonstrations.

Existing Elephant Facilities Diagram

Existing Land Use Diagram

Elephant Holding 920m2

Hippo Holding 600m2

(200m2 used for Hippo)


DESIGN CONCEPTS

The concept approach is to develop a large “off-exhibit”holding barn and winter day room. Locating the facility“off-exhibit” allows for the use of less expensive constructionsystems. The barn is priced to reflect the building systemsdescribed in this Proposal and subsequent modificationsprovided by the Toronto Zoo.

The Toronto Zoo anticipates renovating the existing holdingbarn for use by bull elephants.

New paddocks are proposed adjacent to the existing lowerpaddock with a chute to connect to the new barn. Thesepaddock barriers and habitats are a utilitarian and non-immersive design and construction to reduce the cost. Thecontainment system is priced as described in the Proposal. Nochanges to the existing paddock are proposed or priced.

Construction ProgramA.Upper Paddock No changes proposedB. Lower Paddock No changes proposedC.Hippo Paddock No changes proposedD.New Paddock D 3,600 m2 (38,700 sf)E. New Paddock E 3,900 m2 (42,300 sf)F. New Elephant Barn 3,700 m2 (40,300 sf)G.New Chute G 400 m2 (4,300 sf)H.New Service Road 1,700 m2 (18,300 sf)

Allowances• Renovate existing barn for bull elephants• Relocate Bush Camp• 5% Green allowance

Site Features1. The site diagram incorporates the 40m setback from thetop of bank as directed by the Toronto Zoo. Per the Zoo,new paddocks and existing road can be located withinsetback. The new holding barn has been located at thefar west end of the site to clear the top of bank setback,preserve the picnic area, and remove the large utilitarianbarn from the core of the immersive Savanna experience.

2. Two new large paddocks (D & E) are proposed in thelocation of the current Shamba Farm and Bush Camp.These are separated by a transfer door. They areconnected to the barn by a long chute.

3. Bush Camp has been relocated east of the existingCheetah exhibit. This work will likely be performed byTZ in house and is priced accordingly at $50,000.

Holding Barn1. The new barn is assumed to have 24’ high clearance tomeet current elephant guidelines. Once roof structure,roof slope and hoist are included the roof height is+/-40’ minimum for this size building.

2. The aisle width has been reduced to 15’ to meet currentdesign practices. This reduces the building size +/-5,000sf from what was originally proposed.

3. The barriers at the Dayroom and Cow/Calf stall havebeen revised to a bollard system similar to the oneproposed for the holding stalls. One training wall hasbeen provided in each space. These changes were madeto meet current standards of protective contact.

Existing Barn Renovations1. Toronto Zoo anticipates renovating the existing holdingbarn for use by bull elephants.

2. Fill in existing moat to create a soft substrate area foryear round use.• Raise concrete slab to .5m below existing floor slab. Accommodate existing drainage with new trench & floor drains. • Provide mesh training wall at moat. Protect existing windows and structure.• Provide swinging gate to separate two stalls

3. Create enclosed keeper work area4. Other items which could be included:• Resilient flooring in 5 stalls to match new system.• Replace HVAC unit per life-cycle.

5. Schedule: These renovations to be constructed during thesummer when elephants are primarily outside. Theywould also have access to the five stalls in the addition.

General Pricing Comments1. Pricing reflects changes to animal barriers described inProposal to meet current standards of protective contact.All elephant barriers are assumed to be 10’ high.

2. The cost of construction in Toronto is estimated to be10% higher than estimating average which increases theconstruction cost in comparison to other zoos.

3. Toronto Zoo requires the contractors to follow the Cityof Toronto Fair Wage Guidelines which results in costssimilar to union labor and increases the construction costin comparison to other zoos.

4. Pricing includes a 5% greening cost. This is provided tomeet the Toronto Green Standard requirements andcurrent practices in sustainable design.


ERD

DAYROOM

MECHANICAL

ELEC.

WC

KEEPERSPACE

SERVICEENTRANCE

EXHIBITVISITORPATH

N

00 22..55 55 1100 meters

Keeper Area 386 m2

Holding Pens4 @ 40 m2

1 @ 50 m2

Dayroom 220 m2

Mechanical Area 52 m2

Total Building 860m2

• •

View from moat to keeper area in original public viewing space.

EDGE OF EXISTING CONCRETE

RAISE LEVEL OF MOAT TO .5MBELOW FINISHED FLOOR. PROVIDECAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FLOOR,FILTER MATERIAL, SAND BEDDING PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

•

•

•

NEW TRENCH DRAINS ATUPPER FLOOR ELEVATION

EDGE OF EXISTING CONCRETE

NEW DRAINS AT RAISE SLAB

RELOCATE EXISTING SINK

•

NEW KPR.AREA

REMOVE EXISTING DOORS

NEW TRAINING WALL WITHMESH AT PERIMETER AND

ABOVE 2.2M. PROVIDE MESH ATWINDOWS ABOVE TO PROTECT

BUILDING STRUCTURE

NEW MESH SWING GATE

REMOVE EXISTING DOOR ANDWALL BELOW 2.2M

INFILL EXISTING DOOR

RELOCATING EXISTING SINK

NEW DOOR OPENING

•

••

•

•

••

•

Renovated Bull Elephant Barn Floor Plan

REMOVE INTERIOR WALLSIN DAYROOM


OVERALLSI

TED

IAGRAM


BUDGET

COMPARATIVE FACILITYANALYSIS SUMMARY

Calgary Zoo Columbus ZooCleveland

Metroparks National Zoo Cologne Zoo

Opening Date 2007 1998 2010 2010 2004RenovatedB New

Collection Size 1.3.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.10 2.0 0.6.2

Indoor Facilities 1,600 m² Total unknown 2,100 m²renov. 2000m² new 1,000 m² 7,000 m² 860 m² 3,800 m²

Dayroom/Herdroom 1,000 m² No herdroom 800 m² Unknown 220 m² 2,800 m²

Holding Stalls 50 m² 10 stalls 7 @ 85 m² 8 @ +/-80 m² Unknown 5 @ 40 m² 8 @ 50 m²

Exhibit Size 1,800 m² 8,100 m² 6,500 m² 9,800 m² 13,000 m² total 3,350 m² 7,500 m²

Keeper Staff 6 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 2 6

Construction Cost $22 M $9.5 M $22.6 M $37 M $23.4 M NA NA

Escalated Construction CostA $26.3 M $14.8 M $24.7 M $40.4 M $30.5 M $0.56 M $18.0 M

A Construction Cost Notes:

1. Construction costs are escalated at 3% per year up to 2015.

2. Costs are construction costs, not total project cost.

B Renovated areas to be integrated in new project

Toronto Zoo (proposed)

2015


APPENDIX



Visitor CirculationPrimary visitor path in the Savanna functions well.Primary entry to Elephant is through African RainforestPavilion or between Pavilion and Elephant holding. Passagebetween Pavilion and Elephant Holding is extremely tight.

Boardwalk out to elephant and hippo viewing createspositive experience for visitors to leave main path andexperience exhibit. In general, viewing of the elephants is satisfactory, howeverit is compromised by steep slope of exhibits. Visitors currently view rear of exhibits from Zoomobile.

Service CirculationService road at southern perimeter functions well.

Topography and VegetationSite slopes down to service road in the south.There is a strong line of vegetation along the Rouge Valleyand mixed vegetation throughout the site.Service road to the south is eroding.

ClimateWinters can be extremely cold and windy and summers hot.

Utility SystemsSite infrastructure is in place and generally conforms toprevious exhibit layouts.

Sustainable Design StrategiesSite runoff goes to storm system. Exhibits are not positioned to be sheltered from wind or sun.

Plaza area should be cleaned up. Plaza must serve as bothentry point to Savanna and Elephant experiences.

Boardwalk may be maintained or similar secondary pathimmersive experiences should be created.

It will be difficult to correct existing exhibits. Grade newexhibits up at rear for better viewing. Emphasize opportunity to view from Zoomobile with exhibitor behind-the-scenes views.

Service to new facilities should be from service road.Link from service road to visitor at west of existingBush Camp could be eliminated.Elephants may need to cross service road leading to SimbaSafari.

Design should take advantage of view across Rouge.Preserve mature trees for shade where possible.

Repair road, reroute if necessary and minimize future impactby controlling runoff.

Provide comfortable indoor spaces for animals and visitorsin winter. Provide windbreaks and heating in outdoor exhibits to extendseason.Provide shade and water in exhibits for hot summers.

Design must coordinate with lines that cross potential exhibitzones.

Employ sustainable strategies for water management. Properly site buildings and exhibits to take advantage ofnatural sun, shade, and wind shelter opportunities.

INVENTORYANALYSIS & DESIGN CRITERIA

Existing Conditions Design Criteria

Site


Existing Land Form Analysis Diagram

Existing Utilities Diagram


Animal CollectionElephantsCollection: 0.3.0 – Loxodonta AfricanaHerd is non-breeding and current plan is to maintain thatstatus due to age.Currently no males or capability to hold.River HipposCollection: 1.2.0 – Hippopotamus amphibiusWhile not the focus of this study, the current location of thehippos requires that a decision on their status be made inconjunction with the elephants.

ExhibitsElephantsExisting Elephant Exhibit A is 1566m2. Due to steep gradesit is extremely difficult to view or use large areas of theexhibit. Barriers were recently upgraded.Existing Elephant Exhibit B is 1790m2. Due to steep gradesit is fairly difficult to view or use large areas of the exhibit.Barriers were recently upgraded. There is an existing dumpand fill pool. The view from the boardwalk over the exhibitis effective and popular.River HipposExisting Hippo Exhibit is 595m2. There is an existing dumpand fill pool.

VisitorsExhibit ViewingThere is currently no indoor viewing of elephants.

Elephant exhibits are viewed from main Savanna path andboardwalk. Existing exhibits are difficult to view due tograding. AmenitiesSeating and shade are primarily at boardwalk area.Food and restrooms are available at Simba Safari Lodge. Seasonal retail is located at elephant plaza.

InterpretivesLimited text and graphics panels are existing. There are nohands-on interactives or digital media.

There is a successful program of keeper talks, but no elephantdemonstrations.

Collection: 2.6.2 – Loxodonta Africana TZ plans to breed to support AZA SSP.

TZ plans to provide holding for males.

Future herd size to be determined.Hippos will either remain in their current exhibit andholding, be integrated into new exhibit and holding withelephants, or be relocated or surplussed.

If exhibit area is reused, landscaping and enrichment featuresshould be upgraded. Grading issues cannot be significantlycorrected.If exhibit area is reused, landscaping and enrichment featuresshould be upgraded.

Exhibit is limited but could continue to function as is.Designing the new elephant facility around the existing hippoexhibit and holding will place considerable constraints on thedesign.

Priority to add indoor viewing since elephants are inside forsignificant periods of the year. This should be located close toAfrican Rainforest Pavilion.Viewing into existing Elephant Holding could be created. This issue will be challenging to resolve if existing exhibitsremain. New exhibits should be graded to allow for excellentviewing opportunities.

Provide seating and shade at primary viewing, plaza.Provide covered seating at elephant overlook. Retail location options include: entry plaza, inside elephantviewing, and at Simba elephant overlook.

Overall graphics should be updated to reflect current elephantmessaging. Interactives and digital media should beincorporated as budget allows.Keeper talks should continue. Demonstration areas with workingwalls could be incorporated in indoor/outdoor exhibit spaces.

Animals & ExhibitsExisting Conditions Design Criteria


Existing Elephant Facilities Diagram


Building Core and ShellConstructed in 1982 with addition in 1997. Wall construction is insulated masonry cavity wall with200mm structural wythe, 100mm cavity, 100mm veneer.Partitions and exterior walls that elephants come in contactwith are cast-in-place concrete.Roof construction is tube steel with wood deck in originalbuilding and metal deck in addition with insulated standingseam metal roofing.Floors are cast-in-place concrete. Some new rubberized flooring.Keeper kitchen and work areas are extremely limited. Keepersuse old public viewing area for work and break space. Newkitchen area was recently constructed in vestibule.Natural lighting in original building through skylight is good.Natural light in addition is more limited.

Caging and Animal ManagementBuilding originally designed for animals in free contact. Animalstransfer through stalls. Current herd can be effectively managed.There is no large herd space.

Existing moat and public viewing area are not used.All doors are hydraulic and were updated in 2007.ERD was recently installed. It is not bull proof.Existing stalls are +/-40m2. Enrichment is provided with crank hoists.

StructuralSee core and shell description.

MEPOriginal house is serviced with a 3” water line, 6” sewer line,1¼” natural gas line @ 50psi. Electric is 120/208V, 3ph,4 wire to a 400 amp splitter. Heating system is an indoormodel Engineered Air DG 150 heating ventilating unit, stand-alone with room thermostat installed 1982.Addition is serviced by a 4” water line, 8” sewer line, 1¼”natural gas line @ 50psi. Electric is from the original 400 ampsplitter. The domestic hot water system is RUDD R85-400Cwith 85 gallon US storage capacity servicing the entire house.Heating system is rooftop unit Engineered Air DJ 100heating ventilating unit connected to a Building AutomatedSystem installed 1998.

SustainabilityBuildings are insulated and original building has goodnatural light over stalls.

It is unlikely that elephants can be placed in contact withexisting walls.It will be fairly costly to reconfigure interior partitions.

Roofs are assumed to be in acceptable condition.

Zoo would like rubberized flooring in all stalls.Expanded keeper areas should be provided in new elephantbuilding. If existing building is renovated to allow publicviewing, substantial keeper space will be lost. Natural light in addition should be improved if possible. Newelephant facility to be daylit.

Change in herd could be more difficult to manage in thisfacility. New elephant facility should have transfer chute. Moat could be filled with soft substrate and a working wallinstalled at the viewrail. Some or all of the partitions in theoriginal building could be removed. Public view from the exterior through a new window.

Zoo to determine appropriate size for new stalls. New facility should integrate additional enrichmentopportunities including browse, rubbing logs, shower.

1982 heating ventilating unit would normally be replacedwithin a few years.

New elephant facility should be designed in a sustainablemanner including integrating passive heating and cooling,natural lighting, appropriate insulation, sustainable MEP systems.

Holding BuildingExisting Conditions Design Criteria


Elephant Feasibility StudyFEB 27, 2008

ERD

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

PEN

MECHANICAL

KEEPERSPACE

MOAT

OFFICE

WC

KEEPERSPACE

SERVICEENTRANCE

EXHIBIT

SERVICE

VISITORPATH

VISITORPATH

Existing Elephant Building PlanN

00 22 44 88 meters

Keeper Area 386 m2

Holding Pens8 @ 40 m2

1 @ 50 m2

Public Area 52 m2

Mechanical Area 52 m2

Total Building 860 m2

AFRICANRAINFOREST

PAVILION

Existing Elephant Building Plan

Original 1982 Building

1997 Addition

900


COMPARATIVE FACILITYANALYSIS

Comparative facility analysis was preformed on the following institutions: • Zoo Granby, Quebec, Canada• Calgary Zoo, Alberta, Canada• Cologne Zoo, Germany• Columbus Zoo, Powell, Ohio• Utah’s Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, Utah• Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio

Projects were selected based on their similarities to the Toronto Zooor elements that TZ is interested in incorporating in new facilities:• Northern climate• Substantial size of animal collection• Large indoor herdroom and visitor viewing• Multiple outdoor habitats• Emphasis on public demonstrations• Mix of immersive habitats and working yards• Use of water and other natural enrichment features• Combination of renovation and new construction• Recently constructed • Elephant primary species• Interpretation of elephant conservation issues• Sustainable design


Name: AFRICAN SAVANNAH

Location: ZOO GRANBYQuebec, Canada

Opening Date: 2007

Cost: $5.1 million

Species: African Elephants

Collection: 2 Females (2.4 maximum collection)

Program: Barn 930 m2

Stalls 2@ 60 m2 (males)1@ 80 m2 (females)

Maternity 132 m2

Exhibit Size 5,830 m2

Outdoor Enclosure 262 m2

Contact: Protected / Free

Barrier: Outdoor - 1.83m concrete bloc, 1.52m high x 1.93m wideboulders, electric wiring, small sloped moteIndoor - bollards

Water Features: 400m2 artificial lake with natural 3.05m deep bottom

Winter Facilities: Can utilize outdoor enclosure with sand floor on mild winter days

Special Features: Use geothermal heat in elephant pavilion

Future Plans: Plan to enclose outdoor enclosure

Free contact with African Elephants Boulder and block wall barrier


Name: ELEPHANT CROSSING

Location: CALGARY ZOOCalgary, Alberta, Canada

Opening Date: 2007

Cost: $22 million

Species: Asian Elephants

Collection: 1 Male, 3 FemalesOffspring – 2007: 1 Female

Program: Barn 1,600 m2

Stalls 50 m2


Contact: Free and Protected Contact

Barrier: Cable Barrier

Water Features: Outdoor pools, indoor pool in herdroom

Winter Facilities: Large into Herdroom

Special Features: Large demonstration are with amphitheatre seating

Public Facilities: Large indoor public viewing area with seating

Future Plans: New Facility opened 2007

New Elephant Crossing Building. Renovation and addition to existing building.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS


Public viewing gallery Amphitheatre seating in public viewing gallery

ELEPHANT CROSSING

Indoor Herdroom with natural light, but no natural features Indoor Herdroom. New calf plays with shower water feature.

Demonstration Yard View from Demonstration Yard amphitheatre seating


Name: ELEPHANT PARK

Location: COLOGNE ZOOGermany

Opening Date: 2004


Collection: 10 Females, 3 MalesOffspring – 2007: 1 Male, 1 Female

2006: 1 Female



Total 20,000 m2

Contact: Protected

Outdoor exhibit

Elephant exhibit with backdrop of indoor facility andcity buildings

Large new indoor facility


Name: ASIA QUEST REGION

Location: COLUMBUS ZOOPowell, Ohio

Opening Date: Fall 1998

Cost: $9.5 million


Collection: 5 Females, 2 MalesOffspring – 2004: 1 Male

Program: BarnHerdroom 1,020 m2 (occupied day & night)Stalls 10Maternity 1 (with heated floors) Exhibit Size 8,095 m2

Contact: Free & Protected

Barrier: Outdoor - Electrified stainless steel “aircraft cable,” 5/8 diameter with horizontal steel pipe at 1.52m high

Water Features: Indoor - Shallow pool with showerhead aboveOutdoor - Large pool 1.83m deep, 18.29m long

Small pool with water jets and a timer

Winter Facilities: Largest indoor herdroom in North America

Special Features: Indoor - Pool and showerheadOutdoor - Mudhole, concrete pad to provide dry spots in inclementweather, 2 access points to prevent a bull or a broken door from preventing access or egress to the enclosure

Public Facilities: Interpretive Center

Future Plans: 3 stalls to be renovated to “bull” stalls

Public viewing of large indoor herdroom


Name: ELEPHANT ENCOUNTER

Location: UTAH’S HOGLE ZOOSalt Lake City, Utah

Opening Date: June 3, 2005

Cost: $4.2 million


Collection: 3 Females

Program: Barn 670 m2

Stalls 80 m2 (4 each)Exhibit Size (3 habitats) 2,880 m2 (usable animal space)Off-exhibit Yard 110 m2

Contact: Protected

Barrier: Primarily cable barrier; pool also serves as wet moat

Water Features: 140,000 gallon pool with 3.05m deep swim channel

Winter Facilities: Covered and heated area in demonstration yard

Special Features: • Demonstration Yard featuring working wall and a rotating elephant working tower for browse, log tethering and pushing exercises

• The largest animal exhibit has numerous elephant-enriching features to encourage natural behaviors. The elephants can swim and drink from the waterhole, forage from feeding stations and socialize with other elephants.

Public Facilities: Amphitheatre seating for ±200 guests to view elephant keeper demonstrations. ±185m2 open air Interpretive Center.

Future Plans: Existing site built to maximum capacity.


140,000 Gallon Pool /Barrier

Demonstration Yard with Rotating Working Tower Viewing Lodge – Opening Day of Exhibit

Overall Project Site Plan

On-exhibit Working Wall Used for Daily Demonstrations

ELEPHANT ENCOUNTER


Name: AFRICAN ELEPHANT CROSSING

Location: CLEVELAND METROPARKS ZOOCleveland, Ohio

Opening Date: 2011

Cost: $22 million


Collection: 3 Females (2.5 maximum)


Stalls 85 m2 (7 each)Exhibit Size (3 habitats) 6,475 m2

Contact: Protected

Barrier: Indoor - bollards and cable systemOutdoor - cable barrier

Water Features: Large pool - 350m2, 3.05m deep, 125,000 gallonsSplash pool - 150 m2, .91m deep, 17,000 gallons

Winter Facilities: Outdoor heated concrete pads with roof structure

Special Features: Indoor viewing, habitats linked together with activity trail, inside and outside daily demonstrations

Public Facilities: Indoor viewing gallery of holding stalls. A small African Village with overlooks, gift shop, restrooms, and several exhibit areas for smaller animals. Zoo visitors will be able to enjoy daily demon-strations by the Zoo staff, inside or outside, that will show what goes into caring for elephants at a zoo. The project is on schedule to be LEED certified. Along with following the LEED guidelines, other “green” features have been incorporated into the project. After construction is completed, Zoo guests will be able to learn about the LEED process and other “green” innovations through displays and hands-on, interactive demonstrations.


AFRICAN ELEPHANT CROSSING

Birds-eye View Rendering of Savanna Range and Mopani Range

New Renovated Holding Building

West Elevation of the Holding Building and Night Range

North Elevation of Savanna Range and the Village

Existing Elephant Exhibit and Holding Building

Documents

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