主讲老师：吕媛媛 - upload.htexam.netupload.htexam.net/jiangyi/15070303462113165.pdf · 教师网课程第[2]页客服电话: 4006-01-9999 一般是在后面直接加s, photo-photos,

((共共 3377 讲讲)) 主主讲讲老老师师：：吕吕媛媛媛媛

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目录第一部分英语专业基础知识 ..................................................................................................... 1

第一章名词 ......................................................................................................................... 1

第二章冠词 ............................................................................................................................. 4

第三章数词 ......................................................................................................................... 7

第四章代词 ........................................................................................................................... 10

第五章形容词 ..................................................................................................................... 14

第六章副词 ....................................................................................................................... 17

第七章动词 ......................................................................................................................... 22

第八章非谓语动词 ............................................................................................................. 27

第九章连词 ......................................................................................................................... 34

第十章动词的时态 ............................................................................................................... 36

第十一章动词的语态 ......................................................................................................... 43

第十二章主谓一致 ..................................................................................................... 49

第十三章虚拟语气 ............................................................................................................... 54

第十四章名词性从句 ......................................................................................................... 60

第十五章定语从句 ............................................................................................................... 65

第十六章状语从句 ............................................................................................................... 71

第十七章反义疑问句 ......................................................................................................... 75

第十八章省略句 ................................................................................................................... 81

第十九章强调句 ................................................................................................................. 83

第二十章倒装句 ................................................................................................................. 85

第二部分完形填空 ................................................................................................................... 89

第三部分阅读理解 ................................................................................................................. 97

第四部分翻译 ......................................................................................................................... 103

第五部分作文 ..................................................................................................................... 111

第六部分英语人文知识 ....................................................................................................... 121

第一章英美概况 ............................................................................................................. 121

第二章英美文学 ................................................................................................................. 128

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第一部分英语专业基础知识第一章名词

一、考情分析

1. 考情分析

2.真题再现

1 The box is made of a kind of hard __.

A. wooden B. woods C. wood D. woode

2. In fact，we have no intention of interfering in the internal ___ ___ of other countries.

A. accidents B. incidents C. matters D. affairs

答案： 1. C 2.D

二、名词讲解

名词的分类

名词

专有名词 China, Mrs. Smith, The Pentagon

普通名词

个体名词可数或不可

数名词

Toothbrush, laptop, gun, book

集体名词 Family, crowd, flock, team, group

物质名词不可数名词 Dust, steel

抽象名词 Beauty, charity, courage

考点 1：可数名词的复数形式

1). 一般以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f(e)为 ves:

Leaf, half, self, wife, knife, shelf, wolf, thief, life

树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。

直接加 s 的有 proof, gulf, cliff,roof, serf

2). 以 o 结尾的，除了有生命的两人两物“Negro, hero, tomato, potato”等少数在在后面加 es 外，

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一般是在后面直接加 s, photo-photos, radio-radios

3). 以辅音+y 结尾，变 y +ies, families

考点 2：常见不可数名词

advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money,

news, progress, traffic；

常见不可数名词修饰语

a piece of, much, a great deal/amount of, some, lots of, plenty of, enough, little 等

例：He spends __________time collecting information. （Much/a great deal/enough/little）

考点 3：名词作定语单复数

名词作定语，一般用单数，但是 man, woman 作定语时，它的单复数是以其所修饰的名词的单

复数而定，如 men workers, women teachers.

考点 3：名词作定语单复数

All the __ ___ in the hospital got a rise last month.

A. women doctors B. woman doctors

C. women doctor D. woman doctor

答案：A

考点 4 and 连接并列名词所属关系

and 连接并列名词时，表示各自所属关系，分别在名词后加-’s;

表示共同所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s.

汤姆和吉姆共有的公司非常大。Tom and Jim’s company is very large.

汤姆和吉姆两个人的公司都很大。Tom’s and Jim’s companies are very large.

考点 5 店铺或某人家的表达

表示店铺或教堂的名字或者某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词

have a dinner at the Black's

1.I had my hair cut at the __ ___ around the corner.

A. barber B. barbers C. barber's D. barbers’

2.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at____ __.

A. Peter and Helen's B. Peter and Helen

C. Peter and Helens D. Peter's and Helen's

答案：1.C 2.A

考点 6 双重所有格

所有格所修饰的名词前面有一个数量词或一个指示代词 that 时，要用双重所有格。其中数量词

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包括 a,two,some,no,any,few,many 等

吉姆的那个儿子 that son of Jim's

三、练一练

1._____ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.

A. This John’s old friend

B. This old friend of John

C. That’s John’s old friend

D. This old friend of John’s

2.What a good _______you have offered me! Thanks a lot!

A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice

3’He doesn’t have furniture in his room---just an old desk.

A. any B. many C. some D. much

4.He told me ____ would come to his birthday party.

A. many Jack’s friends

B. Jack’s many friends

C. many Jack’s friend

D. many friends of Jack’s

答案：1.D 2.C 3.D 4.D

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第二章冠词一、考情分析

1.考情分析

2.真题再现

1. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are

working hard for ________ new hometown.

A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the

2. The Smiths don't usually like staying at _____ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a

very nice hotel by ________ sea.

A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a

答案：1.A 2.C

二、冠词考点精讲

1．不定冠词

1）表示"一个"，意为 one；指某人或某物，意为 a certain。例如：

There is a Mr. Ling waiting for you.

有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2）代表一类人或物。例如：

A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。

Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。

3）组成词组或成语，如 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in

a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye

on / all of a sudden 等。

2.定冠词

定冠词 the 与指示代词 this，that 同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但意义较弱，可以和一个名词

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连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如 the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，

表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。

2）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：

They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师）

They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）

3）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

4）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如：

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

the United States 美国

5）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：

the Greens 格林一家人（或格林夫妇）

6）用在惯用语中。例如：

in the day, in the morning （afternoon，evening）,the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the

next morning,

in the sky （water，field，country）, in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle （of）,in

the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre .

3．零冠词

即不用定冠词的情况，其用途比较广泛，不仅用于物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词前，而且经

常用在集体名词和名词化的各种词类之前，变化也比较多。

总结规则如下：

1）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如： Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成

功之母。

2）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。

例如：

The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

4.冠词与形容词+冠词结构

1）两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同的人或物。例如：

He raises a black and a white cat.

他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

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The black and the white cats are hers.

这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。

2）如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一人或一物。例如：

He raises a black and white cat.

他养了一只花猫。

三.练一练

1. ____number of the books in our library over 5000.

A.The ，is B.The， are C.A ，is D.A ，are

2. Of the two, I would prefer camera, which is very easy for me to carry.

A. a small B. a smaller C. the small D. the smaller

3. In many places in China, ___ _ bicycle is still ________ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

答案：1.A 2.D 3.C

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第三章数词考情分析

1 考情分析

2.真题再现

1.-- How many students are there in your school, Mike?

-- There are over ＿＿＿ students in our school.

A. two thousands B. two thousands of

C. two thousand D. two thousand of

2. ______ of the apples in the fruit bowl ______soft and sweet.

A. Two-third; is B. Second-third; are

C. Two-thirds; are D. Second-thirds; is

答案：1.C 2.C

二. 数词考点精讲

1.基数词

考点 1： hundred,thousand 和 million 在合成数词中一般用单数形式，但用来表示不定数目时，

用作复数形式，且与 of 连用;

two hundred students/several million stars

millions of stars/hundreds of students/tens of hundreds/thousands coins

口诀：百千万前有具体数，后无 S 和 OF。如果前无具体数，后加 S 和 OF

考点 2：基数词表示年龄、年代用法

(1)表示在几十岁时

在他 30 多岁时 in his thirties

在我 20 多岁时 in my twenties

(2)表示“年代”时，用 in the +数词

在二十世纪七十年代 in the 1970s

在十九世纪四十年代 in the 1840s

考点 3：a number of 和 the number of

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a number of“若干或“许多”，相当于 some 或 a lot of，谓语动词一般为复数；the number of 表示

“数目”，谓语动词一般为单数

A great number of girls are fascinated about him.

The number of girls fascinated about him has sharply decreased.

2.序数词

考点：“the+序数词”表排序, “a/an+序数词”表示“又一，再一

He is always the first one to help me when I am in trouble.

Can you give me a second chance, please?

3.分数表示法

考点：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于 1 时，分母序数词用复数，分子序数词仍用单

数

1/3 one third

2/5 two fifths

3/37 three thirty-sevenths

4.分数表示法

补充：分数做主语，谓语动词单复数由所修饰的名词决定

Two-ninths of the students in our class are from the south.

____of the country ___covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____black people

A. two fifths; is; are B. second fifth; is; is

C. two fifth; is; are D. second fifth; are; is

答案：A

5.倍数表示法

考点：a. 倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as

b. 倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…

c. 倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of

d. 还可以用 by+倍数，表示增加多少倍

这个包裹比那个包裹重三倍.

This bag is four times as heavy as that one.

This bag is four times the weight of that one.

This bag is three times heavier than that one.

This bag is heavier than that one by three times.

1. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _______ cars in 1993 as the year before.

A. as twice many B. as many as twice

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C. as twice as many D. twice as many

答案：D

三. 练一练

1. When spring comes, _______ trees are planted in our city.

A. millions of B. a million of

C. two millions D. million of

2._____of the rivers here have been polluted.

A. Two-third B. Two-thirds

C. Two-three D. Second-third

3. There are _____ of visitors in the exhibition every week.

A. tens of thousands B. about ten of thousands

C. about three thousands D. about three thousand

4. Two _____ years ago he lived in the United Stares.

A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozens of

5.The Second World War broke out in _______.

A. 1930's B. the 1930es C. the 1930's D.the 1930s

6.--Have you seen ______ workers pass by?

--Yes，I've seen _______ them.

A. woman; hundreds of B. women; hundreds of

C. woman; two hundred of D. women; hundred

答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.B

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第四章代词一、考情分析

1、考情分析

题型：单选、完型、翻译、写作等多种题型

分值：5 分左右

难度：大纲要求

2、真题再现

1. ---Have you got ready for the school trip?

---Not yet. We still have to do.

A. anything; nothing B. something; everything

C. everything; something D. something; anything

2. There aren’t ______ trees or flowers there, but there are hundreds of different birds and other

animals.

A. much B. any C. many D. either

3. Yesterday, Oswald bought the clothes which were the same as ___ I bought.

A.that B. one C. ones D. those

4.---- It’s said that he is a wise leader.

----Oh, no, he is ___ but a wise leader.

A.anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere

答案：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A anything but: 绝不；nothing but：只是，仅仅

二、考点精讲

考点一：指示代词

指示词有 this, that, these, those 等。注意以下 4 点：

（1）this, these 是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与 here 连用；that, those 是时间或空间上的“远

指”，可与 there 连用。

（2）指上文提到的事一般用 that，有时也用 this，指下文的事只能用 this。

(3) 打电话时，用 this 来介绍自己，用 that 来问对方，不用 I 或 you。

(4) this 和 that 还可作表示程度的副词，意为“如此，那么”，相当于 so，作状语

1. The climate of Shanghai is as good as ______of Beijing.

A. this B. that C. it D. those

2. The students in our class work much harder at English than ______in their class.

A. those B. this C. that D. these

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3. _______ is a story in a distant empire: long long ago, there lives a beautiful princess.

A. That B. Those C. These D. This

答案：1.B 2.A 3.D

考点二：不定代词

(1)All, each, some, any, both, either, neither, little, few, many, much, one, another, other, others 在句

中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语

(2)Every-. Some-. Any-, no- 四个前缀分别加上 thing, body, one 在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。

符合不定代词之后可跟 else 等且有’s 所有格形式

(3) none 在句中可作主语、宾语、或表语

(4)Every, no 只能作定语

不定代词考点 1： Both, neither, either

1.If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read

them this week.

A. all B. any C. either D. both

答案：1.D

表示两者“都”用 both，表示两者“都不”用 neither，表示两者中的“任一”用 either。如：

2. —Which driver was to blame?

—Why, _________! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between

two parked cars.

A. both B. each C. either D. neither

3.You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do．

A. Either B. Each C. Neither D. All

答案：2.D 3.A

不定代词考点 2：all，none，any

1.Of all the books on the desk, ______ is of any use for our study.

A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none

答案：1.D

表示多者“都”用 all，表示多者“都不”用 none，表示多者中的“任一”用 any。

2. I had to buy ____these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

A. both B. none C. neither D. all

3. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _____.

A. none B. either C. any D. each

答案：2.D 3.C

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比较：all the people are not students. Vs

not all people are students. 部分否定

none of the people are students.）全部否定

表示两者：Both；either；neither

表示三者以上：All ；any; none

意义、数量：都；任何一个；都不

不定代词考点 3：None，no one

1.She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ____to talk to.

A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one

答案：1.D

none可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的 of短语，可回答 how many；而 no one只能指人(=nobody)，

不能接 of 短语，可回答 who。另外，none 可指后文的不可数名词，表示“毫无”。

2. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has _____of the trouble of taking buses.

A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither

答案：2.B

不定代词考点 4：some, any

1.I'd been expecting _______letters the whole morning, but there weren't ________for me.

A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none

答案：1.A

表示“一些”，一般说来，肯定句中 some，否定句中用 any；但在表示请求、建议、劝请或希望

对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用 some。如：

2. ―Would you like _____, sir?

―No, thanks. I have had much.

A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange

答案：2.C

不定代词考点 5：each, every

1._____ of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.

A.All B. Every C. Everyone D. Each

答案：1.D

every 只能作形容词，在名词前作定语；each 可作形容词或代词，作主语、宾语和同位语。如：

表示“每(隔)”用 every，不用 each

2. These plants are watered ________.

A. each other day B. every other day

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C. each of two days D. every of two days

答案：2.B

考点 3 名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法

形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，

在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与 of 连用作后置定语，但不能作定语。

考点 4 反身代词的用法

反身代词在句中可以作 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce 等动词和 by, for, to 等介词的宾语，还可

以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。

三、练一练

1. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ___ of McDonald's.

A.those B.one C.any D.all

2. If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get____ for me?

A. one B.those C.this D.that

3. The cost of renting a house in central Beijing is higher than ___in any other area of the city.

A. that B.this C.it D.one

4. He provided hope and inspiration to _____ patients.

A. another B. others C. other D. the other

5. Neither side is prepared to talk to____ unless we can smooth things over between them.

A.others B.the other C.another D.one other

6. Tony is going camping with ______ boys.

A.two another B.the two other C.two other D.other two

7. -John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?

-________.I'll be off to London then.

A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None.

8. Sophia waited for a reply, but _____ came.

A.either B.another C.neither D.none

答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D

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第五章形容词

一、考情分析

概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

真题再现

He was the only _____ at that time.

A.man awake B. awake man

C.awaking man D. awaked man

答案：A

二、形容词考点精讲

考点一：形容词后置

1）修饰不定代词:something, anything, nothing, everything 等

E.g. Nothing serious, anything special

2) 某些 a-开首的形容词:afraid, alike, alive, ahead, alone, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware 等

e.g. He is the only man alive.

The road ahead is full of stones.

1. There's ________ with the recorder .

A. anything wrong B. wrong anything

C. something wrong D. wrong something

2. Who is the ______ ?

A. greatest alive man B. alive greatest man

C. man greatest alive D. greatest man alive

3.There is _____ in today's newspaper.

A. interesting something B. nothing interesting

C. interesting anything D. anything interesting

答案：1.C 2.D 3.B

考点二：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

What the little girl got from her mother was ___ magazine.

A. a large interesting Italian

B. an interesting Italian large

C. an Italian large interesting

D. an interesting large Italian

答案：B

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数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+

材料+名词

技巧：（冠代数）美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。

考点二：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

数词性状形容词

序数词基数词性质、状

态

大小、

形状、

长短

新旧

温度

颜色

国籍产地

材料质地

Second;

next

One;

four

Beautiful;

good;

cool

Large;

short;

square

New;

cool

Black;

red

India;

Japan

Silk;

stone

1. One day they crossed the ______ bridge.

A.old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C.old stone Chinese D. stone old Chinese

2. ______students are required to take part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

3.She has a _ jacket．(leather，brown，beautiful)

4. He has a car. (American，long，red)

答案：1.A 2.A 3. beautiful brown leathe 4. long red American

三、形容词与副词的比较级

原级：

1.肯定 as (adv.) ＋ adj. / adv. 原级＋ as(conj.)

2. 否定 not as (so) ＋ adj. / adv. 原级＋ as

3. 倍数倍数＋ as ＋ adj. / adv. 原级＋ as

1. Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you .

2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.

3. This room is three times as large as that one.

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三、形容词与副词的比较级

比较级构成形式

+er;

More +adj.;

特殊变化

比较级特殊变形

原级比较级最高级

much/many more most

ill/bad/badly worse worst

little less least

good / well better best

far

Further; farther Furthest; farthest

2.可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。

even, much, still, a bit, (quite) a little , far, etc.

注意：very 修饰原级，much 修饰比较级，修饰动词用 much 或 very much.

1.---It’s so hot today.

---It surely is. It’s _A__ yesterday.

A. two degrees hotter than B. two degrees as hot as

C. two degree hotter than D.as two degrees hot as

2.She doesn’t speak __A_ her friends, but her written work is excellent.

A. as well as B. as often as

C. so much as D. as good as

答案：1.A 2.A

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第六章副词

一、副词考点

副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、

副词、短语或句子。

考点一：副词的位置和排序

修饰动词时，通常放在被修饰动词后，若修饰及物动词则放在宾语后；

e.g. They walked slowly.

He speaks English well

(注：肯定否定或频率副词多置于一般动词前，但在助动词、联系动词 be 动词之后)

e.g. He never spoke about his own merits.

We may never see him again.

He is often late for school.

修饰形容词、副词、短语或句子时，副词放在被修饰部分之前。

e.g. The room is fairly small.

He drives extremely fast.

She made her application well within the term.

There was a knock at the door just as we were about to have dinner.

副词的顺序：

通常按“方式副词→地点副词→时间副词”的规律排列。

如：The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.

但是，对于 run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移动的动词，修饰它们的多个

副词通常按“地点副词→方式副词→时间副词”的规律排列。

如：He went there happily yesterday. 他昨天高兴地去了那儿。

1.My sister sings ______.

A. happily in the garden every morning

B. in the garden happily every morning

C. every morning in the garden happily

D. happily every morning in the garden

2. As soon as hearing the news, they headed _____.

A. there quickly B. quickly there

C. for there quickly D. to there quickly

3. He ________ the company again.

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A. never may go to B. may never go to

C. may go to never D. may go never to

答案：1.A 2.A 3.B

考点二：特殊词

I very like English. （W）

I like English very much. (R)

【特殊词 1】

副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

_____, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.

A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely

C. Strange enough D. Enough strange

答案：A

【特殊词 2】

副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。

Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people?

A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such

答案：B

【特殊词 3】

A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n.; so + adj. + a + n.

B: such 后可加各种名词；

C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而 such 不能。

Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ___ to carry all the way home.

A．much too heavy B．too much heavy

C．heavy too much D．too heavy much

答案:A

【特殊词 4】

much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；

too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。(看后面）

考点三：-ly 副词与其同源副词

第一类： hard，hardly；late，lately；most，mostly 等等，这两种副词形式含义完全不同。

1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活

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1. He hardly works at all.他很少干活。

2. You have come too late.你来得太晚了。

2. Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？

3. The person who talks most is often the one who does least.

说得最多的人常常干得最少。

3. The audience consisted mostly of women.

观众大部分是女的。

4. The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.

下趟航班不直飞东京，而是绕道上海。

4. He will be here directly.他马上就来。

5.The rider pulled his horse up short.

骑手突然一下把马勒住。

5.The rider pulled his horse up short.

骑手突然一下把马勒住。

6.Please stand clear of the gate.

请不要站在门前。

6. He stated his view-point clearly.

他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。

7.The exam was pretty difficult.

这次考试相当难。

7. Her little girls are always prettily dressed.

她的女儿们穿着总是很漂亮。

第二类：主要有 wide，widely；close，closely；high，highly 等。

主要特点是：不带-ly 的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性；

而以-ly 结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。

1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?

你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着？

1. The distinguished guests were highly praised.

贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。

2.He flung the door wide open.

他猛地把门开得大大的。

2. We were widely different on many questions.

我们在许多问题上分歧很大。

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3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.

买那个望远镜你得付很高的价钱。

3. You will pay dearly for the insult.

对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。

4.She stood close against the wall.

她紧挨着墙站着。

4. The police were watching him closely.

警察在密切监视他

5.The bird is now flying quite low.

鸟儿现在飞得非常低。

5. He bowed lowly before the queen.

他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。

6.They had to dig deep to reach water.

他们挖得很深才挖到水。

6. You have offended him deeply.

你冒犯他可不轻。

7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.

格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。

7. The passengers were packed tightly in the train.

火车车箱里挤满了乘客。

8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.

科尔先生说话声音总是很大。

8. Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power.

科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。

第三类：主要有 slow，slowly；quick，quickly 等等异形同义词。

倾向于使用不带-ly 副词形式的情况大致有下列四种：

Ⅰ用作比较级或最高级时：

1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking even quicker.

2.The men were quarrelling loudly, but the policemen shouted louder.

Ⅱ有"so"或"too"修饰时：

1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing.

2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes too slow.

Ⅲ用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时：

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1.Come quick; we are waiting for you.

2.Drive slow; this part of the road is dangerous.

Ⅳ在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时：

1.Take it easy.

2.Stand firm and hold it tight.

3.He often plays high.

二、练一练

1. Watch the man ______ who is sitting ______ to me.

A. closely; close B. close; closely

C. closely; closely D. close; close

2. I think _____ of your opinion that the bird can fly ____ in the sky.

A. high; high B. highly; high

C. high; highly D. highly; highly

3. You can eat __ in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak_ ; say what you like.

(free; freely)

答案：1.A 2.B 3.free freely

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第七章动词一、考情分析

1、考情分析

题型：单选、完型


难度：较难

2.真题再现

1. ---Look at the sign. You fish here.

---Sorry, I didn’t know.

A. may B should C mustn’t D needn’t

2. No one ______be more generous, he has a heart of gold.

A. could B. must C. dare D. need

3. It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot

of words.

A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t

答案：1.C 2.A 3.B

二、动词讲解

实义动词

情态动词

系动词

助动词

第一节：实义动词

实义动词即行为动词，表示动作的动词，能够单独做谓语，例如 fly, eat, drink 等。

实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词即后面可以直接接宾语的动词

不及物动词即后面不可以直接接宾语的动词。

第二节：系动词

系动词也叫联系动词（link verb）,系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语

（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

（注：有些系动词又是实义动词，当表示实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。）

例如：he fell ill yesterday. He fell off the ladder.

系动词主要分为以下六大类：

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状态系动词、持续系动词、表象系动词、感官系动词、变化系动词、终止系动词

1. 状态系动词

表示主语状态。主要是 be 动词，例如：

The book is under the desk.

You are so cute.

2. 持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand，例如：

This matter remains a mystery.

He always keep silent at meeting.

3. 表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look.

He looks excited.

He appears to be honest.

4. 感官系动词

用来表示感官这一类的词，主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste.

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

This flower smells very sweet.

5. 变化系动词

这类动词主要表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, turn, grow, fall, get, go, come ,

run.

He becomes confident after that success.

She grew rich within a short time.

6. 终止系动词

这类动词主要表示主语已经终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。

The rumor proved false.

His prediction turns out to be right.

第三节助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫做助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词

义，不可单独使用。

最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would.

助动词的功用：

1. 表示时态，

例如：He has got married. 他已结婚。

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2. 表示语态，

例如： He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

3. 构成疑问句，

例如：Did you study English before you came here?

4. 与否定副词 not 合用，构成否定句，

例如： I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

5. 加强语气，

例如：He did know that. 他的确知道那件事

第四节：情态动词

情态动词表示说话人的语气、情态，需要，可能，愿意，和怀疑等。情态动词有一点的词义，

但不完整，必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。

常用的情态动词有：

can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to, etc.

情态动词考点：

1. 情态动词表示推测的用法

语气从强到弱的顺序是

must > should > can > may > could > might

2. 情态动词与虚拟语气

表示对过去情况的推测

can’t/ couldn’t have done

must have done

may/might have done

should /shouldn’t have done

needn’t have done

could have done

1.Lisa has dark eyes today, so she (stay up) last night. She thought the homework must be

handed in this morning.

2.Actually, she (finish) that. She was sick recently,so she __(sleep) early yesterday so that she

could recover soon.

答案：1. must have stayed up 2. needn’t have finished _ _should have slept_

-----I thought you wouldn’t mind.

-----well, as a matter of fact, I don’t, but you _____ me first.

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A. should ask B. should have asked

C. must ask D. must have asked

答案：B

3. 情态动词的其他用法

must 表示命令与责备

can 表示能力

may 用于疑问句表示允许

should 表示“竟然”

shall 的用法：

1.在疑问句中，用语第 1、3 人称，表示征求对方意见。

例如：Shall the driver wait outside?

2. 在肯定句中，用语第 2、3 人称，表示警告、允诺、命令或威胁。

例如：You shall answer for it if you go on behaving like that.

He shall be punished.

3. 用在法律、条文、规定里。

例如： The sign says all payments shall be made in cash.

need 和 dare 既可以做情态动词也可以做实义动词

三、练一练

1.----Look at the sign. You ____ fish here.

----Sorry, I don’t know.

A. may B. should C. mustn’t D. needn’t

2. You ____ be too cautious when you are driving especially on the freeway.

A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t

3.—Is John coming by train?

—He should, but he __________. He likes driving his car.

A. can't B. needn't C. may not D. mustn't

4. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.

A. can B. might C. would D. need

5. We __________ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?

A. should face B. might face

C. could have faced D. must have faced

6. —Why? I couldn't get you on the phone this morning.

—We __________ tennis in the yard when you phoned me.

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A. could be playing B. must be playing

C. must have been playing D. should have played

答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.C

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第八章非谓语动词非谓语 vs. 谓语

改错 “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.

【答案】 put 改为 putting 这里用 putting 在句中作伴随状语

在句子中不能作谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制，可充当除了谓语以外的其他各种句子成

分。

英语的非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词 vs 过去分词）

1. We have a teacher (call) Wang Xin.

2. The teacher came into the classroom, (smile) to us.

3. I have taken some money form the bank (buy) present for my friend.

答案：1.called 2.smiling 3.to buy

一、考情分析

常考题型：客观题（单选，完填）

主观题（翻译，写作）

考点：非谓语动词三种形式的区别

与动词的时态和语态结合


1. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in

a child safety seat.

A. being weighed B. weighs

C. weighed D. weighing

2. ______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give

答案：1.D 2.B

祈使句+and+陈述句

3. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported __ in Anyang, which attracts nationwide attention.

A. being found B. to be found

C. having been found D. to have been found

4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ____.

was holding B. had held

C. was to hold D. was to be held

答案：3.D 4.D

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二、非谓语动词的句法功能

作主语 Seeing is believing.

作表语 My plan is to finish this task in three weeks.

作宾语 I recommend buying the dictionary.

作宾补 I saw them cleaning the classroom.

作状语 He sent me an article, hoping to get further information.

作定语 He has to take a sleeping tablet before going to bed.

1.非谓语动词做主语

考点：动名词做主语的复合结构

1. ________ the meeting made the people excited.

A. The president attending

B. The president’s attending

C. The president’s attended

D. The president attended

2. __________ for school made the teacher happy.

A. His being not late B. His not being late

C. Not his being late D. His being late not

答案：1.B 2.B

总结：动名词的复合结构就是在 doing 前加个主语，要用名词的所有格形式表示。动名词的否

定形式直接在动名词前加 not。

2.非谓语动词作宾语

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考点：某些动词不定式与动名词形式的含义区别

1. The teacher required the students that he should remember ___ the light, but he forget to do it.

A. turning off B. to turn off

C. having turned off D. to have turned off

考点：某些动词不定式与动名词形式的含义区别

2. I remember for the job ,but I forget the exact amount.

A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid

答案：1.B 2.B

总结：动名词与不定式语义不同常考的有 5 组：

1 forget to do forget doing

2 remember to do remember doing

3 regret to do regret doing

4 stop to do stop doing

5 mean to do mean doing

只接动名词做宾语的动词

喜欢考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, avoid)

停止放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk)

反对想象莫推延（against, imagine, delay\put off)

要求完成是期望（ require, finish, look forward to) +doing

建议继续勤练习（suggest, go on, practice）

不禁原谅要坚持 (can't help, excuse, insist on)

继续注意便成功（keep on, mind, succeed in)

只接不定式做宾语的动词

2 l long, learn

3 h w c hope,help,hesitate; want, wish, wait; care, choose, consent

4 d p dare, demand, determine, decide; plan, pretend, promise, prepare +to do

5 a agree, ask, afford, arrange, attempt

5 其他 refuse, manage, offer, undertake, expect

3.非谓语动词作宾补

考点：分词作宾补要判断与宾语的主被动关系。

I found my wallet _ _____ (steal).

I found him ________（steal）the wallet.

答案：1. stolen_ 2. stealing

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4.非谓语动词作表语

用动词的正确形式填空

1. The trip was __ . (exhaust)

2. I was ____ ______ in the trip. (exhaust)

答案：1. exhausting _ 2. exhausted_

总结：－ing 令人……的 -ed 感到……

The girl got angry again. Her mother felt ___ _____ (puzzle).

And her father also worn ____ __ (puzzle）expression.

答案：1. puzzled _ 2. puzzling__

5.非谓语动词作定语

考点：分词时态语态

We can’t solve the problem ___ ____(discuss) yesterday.

_ ___ now.

______ tomorrow

答案：1. discussed _ 2. being discussed___ 3. to be discussed

考点：to do 的主动和被动态

——Do you have anything _____? You must finish it today.

——Oh, I’ll finish it right now.

A. to be washed B. to wash

C. washing D. being washed

——Do you have anything ______? I will go to the post office this afternoon.

——Thank you. It couldn’t be better.

A. to be sent B. to send

C. sending D. being sent

答案：1.B 2.A

总结：自己做不定，别人做被动

6.非谓语动词作状语

考点：看逻辑主语（主语一致)

When we saw from the hill, we found the city is beautiful.

_____ from the hill, we found the city is beautiful.

____ _____ from the hill, the city is beautiful.

答案：1. Seeing_ _ 2. Seen

考点：

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1. He arrived at home only ___C___ no one at home.

A. being told B. to tell C. to be told D. telling

2. He was busy wring a story, only __ ___ (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

3. With Mother’s day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ___B___ presents

for my mum.

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought

4. He sent me an e-mail, ___B___ to get further information.

A. hoped B. hoping

C. to hope D. hope

答案：1.C 2. _Stopping 3.B 4.B

考点：分词作状语 VS. 独立主格结构

Heating water, we can change it into vapor.

Weather permitting, we will go to the park.

1. 分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。

2. 当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其逻辑主语。这

种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构。

7.写作练习

被老师指导后，写作文对于 John 来说是一件很容易的事情。(instruct)

Instructed by his teacher, it is easy for John to write a composition. F

Instructed by his teacher, John found it easy to write a composition. T

非谓语三兄弟特性小结

1. Ving：正在进行；伴随；主动

2. Ved：过去；被动

3. To do：将来

非谓语动词答题技巧:

分清句子层次

看逻辑主语

找准句子时态

1. __ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare B. When comparing

C. Comparing D. When compared

2. After suffering a heart attack, Michael Jackson was pronounced dead, _____a tragic end to the

world’s most popular entertainer.

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A. marking B. to mark

C. marked D. having marked

3. A few days after the interview I received a letter _______my admission to the university.

A. offering B. offered

C. having offered D. to be offered

4. in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.

A. Caught B. Having caught

C. Being caught D. To catch

答案：1.D 2. A 3.A 4.C

三. 非谓语动词常见错误类型

一、非谓语动词和谓语动词含混不清。

二、动名词的否定形式 not 的位置

三、逻辑主语没找准

四、对于动词后用 to do 和 doing 时含义不同没记牢

五、陷在非谓语动词中出不来，不结合具体题干分析题目

一、非谓语动词和谓语动词含混不清。

1. More and more cars appear on the road will make traffic jams.

appear---appearing

二、动名词的否定形式 not 的位置

_____ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.

A. Not knowing B. Knowing not

C. Not known D. Known not

答案：1.A

动名词的否定形式直接在动名词前加 not

三、逻辑主语没找准

Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, ____.

A. John has taken an extra job

B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken

D. an extra job has been given to John

答案：1.A

四、对于动词后用 to do 和 doing 时含义不同没记牢

Go on __to do____ (do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.

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答案：to do

go on to do 继续做（另一件事）；go on doing 继续做( 同一件事)

五、陷在非谓语动词中出不来，不结合具体题干分析题目

1. The day we looked forward to ___C___.

A. come B. coming C. has come D. have come

2. __D____ in the fresh air from the sea, we walked along the seashore and ______happily.

A. Breathing; chatting B. Breathed; chatted

C. Having breathed; chatting D. Breathing; chatted

答案：1.C 2. D

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第九章连词一、考情分析

1.考情分析

题型分布：单选、完型

分值分布：5 分左右

2.真题再现

1. Have one more try, _____ you will not succeed.

A.and B.or C.then D.But

2. They are all new, _______ I’m not.

A.and B. but C .so D.or

答案：1.B 2.B

二、连词讲解

并列连词与并列结构

表示选择的并列结构

表示转折或对比

表原因关系

1.并列连词与并列结构

1.1 and 与 or

They sat down and talk about something?

I don't like coffee or spirits.

There is no water and no air

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1.2 not only…but (also), as well as 不但…而且

She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

She plays guitar as well as piano.

注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，not only 放前面就必须倒装。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

1.3 both …and 两者都

She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.

1.4 就近原则

neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"

Neither you nor he __is____ to blame.

Neither he nor you __are____ to blame

答案：1.is 2.are

2. 表示选择的并列结构

2.1 or 意思为"否则"。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

2.2 either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。

就近原则

Either you or I are right. W

Either you or I am right. R

3. 表示转折或对比

3.1 but 表示转折，while 表示对比。

Some people love cats, while others hate them.

--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

--- I'd like to, _D__ I'm too busy.

A. while B. so C. as D. but

答案：1.D

3.2 not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"

not 和 but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but a human being.

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.

4. 表原因关系

4.1 for

for 是并列连词，不能置于句首，只能将其放在句子中间。

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For he is ill, he is absent today. W

He is absent today, for he is ill. R

4.2. so, therefore

He hurt his leg, so/therefore he couldn't play in the game.

4.3 注意：

a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但 therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。

You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed. W

He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game R

b. although… yet…，但 although 不与 but 连用。

Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. W

Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. R

三、练一练

1.---I don't like chicken ___ fish.

---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.

A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and

2. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

3. Hold on to your dreams, _____they will come true one day.

but B. and C. or D .so

改错：4. We will die without air and water.

5. We can't live without air or water.

6. They started to dance and sang.

7. My brother is ill, _______ I have to stay at home.

8. The film must be very interesting, _____ many people are buying tickets in line.

9. My computer is new, ________ it is too expensive.

10. Come here early, ________ you can’t see him.

11. _____ my father ____ my mother is a doctor. They are teachers.

12. My little cousin can ______ read ___ __ write.

13. You may do it yourself ______ leave it to me.

答案：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.or 5.and 6.sing 7.so 8.because 9.but 10.or

11.Neither nor 12.both and 13.or

第十章动词的时态一、考情分析

1.考情分析

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考试题型：单选，完形，阅读，翻译，写作

考试分值：约占 8 分

2.真题再现

1."Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say," Because every step ____."

A .has shown B.is showing C. shows D. showed

2. She stared at the painting, wondering where she _____ it.

A. saw B. has see C. sees D. had seen

3. The prsident hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ____.

A. has started B. starts C .started D. will start

答案：1.C 2.D 3.C

时体过去现在将来过去将来

一般一般过去一般现在一般将来过去将来

进行过去进行现在进行将来进行

完成过去完成现在完成将来完成

完成进行体现在完成进行

二、时态概述

一般时（某个时间段经常性动作；将来发生的动作）

He___ his grandmother every week.

She __ his grandmother last week. (visit)

He __ his grandmother next week.

答案：1. visits 2. visited_ 3. will visit

进行时（某一时刻或者阶段内正在进行的动作）

She is doing her homework now.

She was doing her homework at that moment.

She will be doing her homework this time tomorrow.

常考时态与其常搭时间状语

一般现在:every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday

一般过去:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now

一般将来:tomorrow, next…, in…

现在进行:now, at the moment, look, listen

过去进行:this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when,

while

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现在完成:yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently

过去完成:before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as

将来完成时:by 短语，when, before 的时间状语连用

三、考点精讲

1. 一般现在时

Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24

hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept

答案：A

考点一般现在时经常、习惯性的动作，现在的状态、特征、能力，客观事实或者真理;

常与 usually, occasionally, regularly, often, sometimes, always, everyday/week/month/year, once a

week, on Sundays/ weekends 连用。

1. The teacher told us that the light ___ faster than the sound.

A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D. travels

2. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ___ to arrive.

A. is expected B. is expecting

C. expects D. will be expected

答案：1.D 2.A

考点：主将从现

由 when, before/after, as soon as, if, unless, as long as 引导的时间状语或条件从句中

3. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026___off at 18:20.

A. takes B. took C.will be taken D. has taken

考点：现在表将来

按照规定时刻表将要发生的情况，常见瞬间性动词 come,go, start, begin, arrive, reach, leave,take

off

一般现在时考点小结

1.经常习惯性的动作, 客观事实/真理

2. 主将从现

3. 现在表将来

2. 一般过去时

I'm calling about the apartment you ___D____ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?

A. will advertise B. had advertised

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C. are advertising D. advertised

答案：D

一般过去：过去发生的动作或状态，但现已不复存在，侧重描述过去事实，与现在无联系，常

与 ago, yesterday, last week/month/year, in 1989, just now, the other day, at the age of five 等连用

Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, _A__in America for almost ten

years.

A. lived B.has lived C.was lived D. had lived

答案：A

考点：单纯发生在过去的事情

考点：常见延续性动词 live, teach, study, work，have

一般过去式可表示一段持续性动作

过去时 vs 现在完成

过去时表示过去的情况，暗含现在不, “过是现不是”;

现在完成时表示这个动作或状态还在持续,“过是现还是”

He lived there for 7 years.

VS

He have lived there for 7years.

—You speak very good French !

—Thanks . I B French in Sichuan University for four years.

A. study B. studied C. was studying D. had studied

答案：B

一般过去时考点小结

1. 过去的动作或者状态，现已不复存在

2. 延续性动词过去时表达一段延续性的动作

3.进行时

will be going to

1. Tomorrow be April Fool's day.

2. —Why are you taking it out?

— I ___ wash it.

答案：1.will 2.am going to

考点 will VS be going to

will 表示客观事物客观的属性或必然趋势

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be going to 主观意愿；计划；现在的迹象对未来的判断

-- Did you tell Julia about the result?

--Oh, no, I forget. I ____ call her now.

A. am going to B. will C. am about D. am to

答案：B

考点 will/shall 表将来，有偶然、临时决定

补充：be about to 立即的将来；

be to do sth 表示计划、安排将会...

备注：be about to 不与接表将来的时间状语连用

1. Look at these clouds. ______.

A. It is going to rain. B. It's raining.

C. It is to rain. D. It can rain.

2. The queen ______ visit Japan in a week's time.

3. The plane _____ take off.

A. is about to B. is to

4.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ____ one of the main pipes.

A. had repaired B. were reparing

C. have repaired D. are repairing

答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D

考点: 进行时表示某一时刻或者阶段内正在进行的动作，具有暂时性和未完成的特点；现在进

行常与 now, at the moment, look, listen；过去进行常与 this morning, the whole morning, all day,

yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while；将来进行与 this time torrow/next week 等连

用

1. --Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

--No, sir. I___ a newspaper.

A. read B. was reading

C. would read D. am reading

2. --Could I use you car tomorrow?--Sure, I___ a report at home.

A. will be writing B. will have written

C. have written D. have been waiting

3.Food suplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immdiately before there is none left.

A. have run out B. are running out

C. have been run out D. are being running out

4.I ______ to visit you later that day, but I had to call and cancel.

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A.come B. came C. am coming D. was coming

答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

考点现在进行时表将来（现在将来发生的动作或者对将来的安排）表将来的时间状语或者上

下文 ,常见瞬间动词动词有 come, go,arrive, leave, return, start, begin

过去进行时表过去将来；过去看将要发生的动作或者对将来的安排

练一练

1.We _____ very early so we packed the night before.

A. are leaving B. had left

C. were leaving D. have left

2.You ___ television. Why not do something more active?

A. always watch B. have always be watching

C. have always watched D. are always watching

答案：1.C 2.D

进行时考点小结

1. 某个时间点/段正在进行的动作/状态

2. 瞬间性动词进行时表将来

3. 与 always, forever，all the time 连用表达主观情感

4. 现在完成时

1.Great changes ______ in his hometown since he left.(take place)

2.----Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?

----Thank you very much, but I ____ it already.

A saw. B. will see C. have seen. D. am seeing.

答案：1. _have taken place 2.C

考点现在完成时一个动作开始与过去持续到现在；强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，常用

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 等时间

副词连用

现在完成 VS 过去时

The famous musician, as well as his students, _ _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012

Taipei flower ceremony.

A. were invited B. was invited

C. has been invited D. have been invited

答案：1.B

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考点现在完成时通常与模糊时间连用（for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now,

in/over the past years, always，already 或无时间状语，而一般过去时常与具体时间（yesterday,two

days ago,last year, in 1970）连用

---Tommy is plannning to buy a car.

---By next month, he ____ enough for a used one.

A.save B. saved

C. will have been saved D. will have saved

答案：1. D

到 2020 年末他们就结婚 50 年了。

They will have been married for 50 years by the end of 2020.

考点将来完成时 will have done 将来某一时间点已经完成的动作或者一直持续的状态，常

与 by +将来某个时间（by the end of, by this time of next year）

四、练一练

1. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.

A. had done B. did

C. would do D. were doing

2. “The moment _____ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.

came B. has come

C. was coming D. is coming

3. If nothing ___, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

A. does B. had been done

C. will do D. is done

4. Daniel’s family ________ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

A．are enjoying B．are to enjoy

C．will enjoy D．will be enjoying

5. I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it ___ pretty good.

A. has been B. was

C. had been D. would

答案：1.A 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B

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第十一章动词的语态 The dress sells well? （R)

The dress is sold well? (W)

一、考情分析

1.考情分析

题型分布：单选、完型、翻译、写作


2.真题再现：

1. From May 6, pedestrians(行人)________ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic

authorities.

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

答案：D 考查被动语态。主语 pedestrians 是动词作的承受者，应当用被动语态；再根据 if 引导

的条件状语从句中用了一般现在时，可以推断出主句中应当用一般将来时。

2. A year has four seasons and it ___D_____ twelve different star signs.

A. divided into B. is dividing into

C. divides into D. is divided into

答案：D 考查动词的时态和语态

句意：一年有四个季节，并且并分为十二个星座。被分为，应用被动形式，其构成 Be+过去分

词，故选 D。

二、考点精讲

1.概述:

英语中动词的语态有两种：一是主动语态，二是被动语态。主语是动作的发出者，则为

主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，则为被动动态。

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考点一：被动语态的构成

考点二：主动形式表示被动意义

2.考点一：被动语态的构成

被动语态主要由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成；而时态则由助动词的各种变化来表示，

要注意助动词 be 的时态必须与相应的主动句保持一致。

John was fired last week.

约翰上周被解雇了。

被动语态还可以由 get 构成:

My finger got badly burnt, now it becomes swollen.

我的手指被伤得很重，现在肿起来了。

可与 get 相搭配的过去分词有：

broken, burnt, killed, hurt, washed, lost, confused, married, dressed, divorced, engaged 等。

一般现在时：am /is /are + Vp.p

一般过去时：was / were + Vp.p

一般将来时：will be + Vp.p

过去将来时：would be + Vp.p

过去完成时：had been + Vp.p

现在完成时：have /has been + Vp.p

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将来完成时：will have been + Vp.p

现在进行时： am /is /are + being + Vp.p

过去进行时：was /were + being + Vp.p

练一练

1. Would you please keep silent? The weather report __B___ and I want to listen.

A. is broadcast

B. is being broadcast

C. has been broadcast

D. had been broadcast

2. Although many measures _______, the world’s economy is still going down.

A. were taken

B. have been taken

C. will be taken

D. are taken

3.This Monday morning I was informed I as one of the three exchange students from our

college.

A. had been choosing B. was chosen

C. had been chosen D. was choosing

答案：1.B 2.B 3.C

3.考点二：主动形式表示被动意义

1. 表示事物本身具有的属性时

2. 动作不具有被动性时

3. 特殊结构可用主动表被动

1). 表示事物本身具有的属性时

（1）当 feel, look, smell, taste, sound, keep 等系动词后面接形容词时。例如：

It feels soft.

它摸起来很软。

The apples taste good.

这些苹果很好吃。

（2）在一般现在时的句子中，为表达生动、简洁，cut, sell, read, write, cook, lock, open, shut,

wash, drive, keep, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear, drink, boil 等词常与 not, hardly, well, easily,

badly, nicely, quickly 等副词连用，常用主动表被动，表示事物的属性特征。例如：

These books sell well. 这些书销售得不错。

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The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很流畅。

Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.

肉在这样热的天气里不宜久放。

2). 动作不具有被动性时

（1）当 break out, take place, go off, run out, give out, work out, come out, come into being,

run out, turn out, happen 等动词表示“发生；制定”等意思时。例如：

The plan worked out successfully.

这项计划很成功。

（2）表示开始和结束的动词 begin, start, finish, end 可用主动表被动，不强调动作的执行者。例

如：

The train leaves at 5:00.

火车 5 点离开。

3). 特殊结构可用主动表被动

（1）want, require, need, worth, deserve + V-ing，用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：

These flowers want/require/need watering.

这些花需要浇水。

This dictionary is well worth buying.

这本字典值得购买。

（2）有时尽管不定式 to do 与其逻辑主语是被动关系，但不定式仍用主动语态。不定式作状语，

如果句子中存在 light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable, good, convenient 等词时就应该用不定式

的主动形式表示被动含义。

例如： It is difficult to solve this problem.

这个问题难以解决。

The box is heavy to carry.

这个盒子搬着很沉。

（3）“主语＋系动词＋to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于 “sb. ＋be ＋to

blame”结构中。如:

It’s not my fault. She is to blame.

这不是我的错，受责备的应该是她。

三、综合练习

1.Water at 100℃.In such hot weather, it won’t take much time to boil water.

A. boils B.is boiled

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C. will boil D.is boiling

2.The BBC news is usually not difficult to ,but it’s often too hard to .

A. pick up; be understood B. pick up; understand

C.be picked; understand D.be picked; be understood

3. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts__ to use botanical fuel as a source of

power.

A. have made B. having made

C. are being made D. will be making

4. Your forehead hot. I guess you a fever.

A. feels; have got B.is feeling; have

C.is felt; are having D. has felt; have got

5.It quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.

A. has turned out B. has been turned out

C.in turning out D.is turned out

6. The boy was caught cheating in the exam and _______ by his headteacher at the moment.

A. was questioned B. has questioned

C.is being questioned D. has been questioning

7.— How did you like his speech?

—Oh, it was very good. What he said like poetry.

A. sounded B. sound

C. was sounded D.is sounded

8. Who do you think for the accident?

A.to blame B.to be blamed

C.is to be blamed D.is to blame

答案：1.A “水在 100℃会沸腾”这是一种客观事实，也是水的一种性质，故选 A。又如：

The knife cuts sharply.这把刀很锋利。

2.B 在表语形容词 difficult, hard 后用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

3.C 句意为：由于俄罗斯限制向欧洲出口天然气，他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为一种新的

能源。此处的 make 和 attempts 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。

4.A feel 是系动词，没有进行时，也不用被动语态

5.A 考查时态和语态。turn out“结果是”在这里作连系动词用，不用进行时态，也不能用被动

语态。故 A 项正确。

6.C

7.A sound 在此为表示状态特征的连系动词，用主动形式表被动含义。

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8.D

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第十二章主谓一致一、考情分析

题型分布：单选、完形、阅读、翻译、写作

分值分布：约占 6-8 分

难度系数：大纲要求

考点精讲

名词做主语

【考点一】集合名词作主语

1. His family are great music lovers.

他的家人都非常喜欢音乐。

2. He has a large family.

他有一个很大的家庭。

集体名词(如 family, team, crew, crowd, company, class,committee 等)作主语时，如果作为一个整

体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调每个个体，谓语动词用复数形式。

注意： people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式

练一练

1. The class ____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening

2. The police ___ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

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A. is looking for B. were looking for

C. are looking for D. has been looking for

答案：1.A 2.B

【考点二】形复意单

1. The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.

2. The New York Times has a wide circulation.

在表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等专有名词；

以一 ics-结尾的学科名等表达整体概念的名词后谓语动词用单数

【考点三】时间、距离、金钱等名词

1. Currently even 10 $ is too large a sum for me .

2. Three months is absolutely not enough to finish this project.

注意：当中心词为度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原

则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式

练一练

1. His "Selected Poems" _____ first published in 1965.

A.were B. was C. has been D. are

2. The United States of America _____ one of the most developed countries in the world.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

答案：1.B 2.A

连接词连接的名词作主语

【考点一】 and 连接词

1. The singer and the actor _are__(be) very famous all over the world now.

这位演员和这位歌手现在在全世界都很有名气。

2. The singer and actor ___is__ (be) greatly loved by old women.

这位演员兼歌手是广大中老年妇女们的偶像。

注意：and 连接的两个名词前只有一个冠词时，则两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概

念，谓语动词用单数。

练一练

1. The secretary and manager ____ very busy now.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

2. Both the secretary and the manager _____ agreed to attend the meeting.

A. has B. have C. are D. was

答案：1.A 2.B

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【补充】 each...and each...

1. Each boy and each girl ___ to receive education in this country.

A. has B. have C. had D. Are

2. No student and no teacher ___ invited to the party.

答案：1.A 2.was

由 and 连接的并列主语前面分别有 each，every，no 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式

【考点二】就近原则

1. You or she _____(are/is) to blame.

2. Neither my hat nor my gloves ___(go) with my the dress.

答案：1.is 2.go

谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致,常见连接词为 or，either...or，neither…nor，not

only…but also…

练一练

1. Not only Tom but also his wife ___ fond of watching television.

A. are B. were C. be D. is

2. Either you or I __ going to the teachers' office after class.

A. am B. is C. are D. will

答案：1.D 2.A

【考点三】 with, as well as 等

1. The teacher with two students ____(is/are)in the classroom.

2. The fans as well as the star ________(enjoy/enjoys) the party.

3. All but one_____(was/were)killed in the accident.

答案：1.is 2.enjoy 3.were

谓语动词常跟连接词前面的名词单复数保持一致，常见的连接词有 as well as，along with, together

with, with, like, rather than, but, except, besides，including，in addition to

练一练

1. Tom as well as two of his classmates ___A__ invited to the party.

A. was B. were C. have been D. had been

2. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, __C__ for Europe this afternoon.

A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave

答案：1.A 2.C

不定量词修饰的名词作主语

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【考点一】 many a, more than one

1. Many a boy and girl ______ (has/have) made the same mistake.

2. More than one woman _____ (is/are) going after him.

答案：1.has 2.is

many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，尽管它表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词多用

单数形式

【考点二】分数或百分数+of+名词

1. About three fourths of the forest ____ (is/are) covered with pine trees.

2. 90% of the students in this class _____ (is/are) going to study abroad.

答案：1.is 2.are

谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致,常见词还包括 a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large

quantity of，a heap of，heaps of，half of，the rest of

练一练

About 20 percent of the work ___ done yesterday.

A. are B. is C. were D . was

2. Many a man _____ come to help us.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

答案：1.D 2.A

非谓语动词或从句作主语

1. Checking information ____ (be) very necessary.

2. Reading books and listening to music ____(be) her __ (hoby).

3. When the meeting will be held ___(have)not been decided yet.

4. What he needs ____ (be) money.

5. What they need____ (be) workers.

答案：1.is 2.are hobbies 3.has 4.is 5.are

【考点】非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式;

注意：当 what 引导主语从句或由 and 连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应

根据意义一致的原则来决定

练一练

1. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

2. Writing stories and articles _____ what I enjoy most.

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A.is B. are C. was D. were

答案：1.A 2.A

【考点补充】 one of+复数名词+who/that/which

1. She is one of the many scientists who _____ won Nobel Prize.

2. She is the only one of the scientists who ____ won Nobel Prize twice.

答案：1.have 2.has

她是众多科学家中唯一一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的人

关系代词替代先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是 one，故谓语用复数形式；注意：one 之前有 the

only 等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是 one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是

单数形式

三、练一练

1. He is the only one of the students who _____ elected.

A. are B. have C. has D. is

2. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____ by their teacher.

A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising

3. The Chinese people _____ hard-working and brave.

A. are B. is C. has been D. are being

4. All but one ____ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

5. Ten thousand dollars _____ quite a large sum.

A. are B. is C. were D. have

6. ___ can be done _____been done.

A. All; have B. that; has

C. What; has D. All that; have

答案：1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C

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第十三章虚拟语气

一、考情分析

1.考情分析

题型分布：单选、完型、阅读、翻译、作文

分值分布：约占 10 分

难度要求：大纲要求

2.真题再现：

1. I should not have laughed if I _________ you were serious.

A. thought B. would think

C. had thought D. have thought

2. If we ________a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked B. booked

C. book D. had booked

二、考点精讲

If 引导的条件句

If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. If 真实条件句

If I were a man, I would marry you. If 非真实条件句

if 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

1. 如果现在他在这儿，他会阻止你嫁给别人的。

If he were here, he would stop you from marrying someone else. 现在情况的虚拟

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2. 如果他没伤我的心，我当时也不会和他分手的。

If he hadn't broken my heart, I would not have broken up with him. 过去情况的虚拟

3. 要是他来婚礼捣乱的话，我会更加恨他的。

If he were to mess with my wedding, I would hate him more. 将来情况的虚拟

【考点一】 if 非真实条件句中主从句谓语动词的形式变化

练一练

1. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _____ taken one.

A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't

2. Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she_ (live) there, she ___

____(will) not be able to see her parents very often.

答案：1.A 2. (lived; were to live; should live)_ would

【考点二】 if 错综时间条件句

如果当时听了医生的建议，你现在就不会这么痛苦了。

If you__ ___（take）the doctor’s advice, you___ ______(not be) in so much pain now.

答案：had taken would not be_

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，各自谓语动词的虚拟语气形式需要按时间来确定。注意

从句或者主句中 then, at that time, now 等时间提示词。

练一练

If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he____ able to speak it much better now.

A.will be B. would be

C. has been D. would have been

答案：B

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【考点三】 if 的省略与倒装

___B____this computer program before, a huge amount of time and energy_______now.

A. If had I studied; would have been saved

B. Had I studied; would be saved

C. If I had studied; will be saved

D. Had I studied, would be saved

答案：B

当从句中有 were,had,或者 should 时，可省略 if，但要进行倒装，将 were,had, should 置于句首，

位于主语之前

If I had not studied this computer program before...

Had I not studied this computer before...

注：若条件句为否定句时，否定词 not 放在主语之后

1.If I were to do the work, I would do it some other day.

1. Were I to do the work, ...

2. If I should fail to come, I would phone you.

2. Should I fail to come, ...

3. If it had not been for my mother, I would have married her.

3. Had it not been for my mother,...

宾语从句中的虚拟语气

【考点一】使用虚拟语气的常见动词

1. He suggested that we___ _______(start) off early the next year.

2. They insisted that their son _________(stay) at home.

答案：1. (should) start 2. (should) stay_

口诀：一喜欢（desire）一宁愿(prefer) 一安排(arrange) 一坚持(insist)二命令(order/command) 四

建议(advise/suggest/propose/recommend) 四要求(require , request , demand , urge)，无论主句谓语

动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should 可以省略

She insisted that she (should) be treated differently.

她坚持认为自己获得特殊的待遇。（虚拟语气）

She insisted that she had been treated unfairly.

她坚称自己遭到不公正对待。（陈述语气）

He suggests that we should follow the instruction.

他建议我们应该按照说明操作。（虚拟语气）

His dark eyes suggest that he stayed up last night.

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他的黑眼圈说明他昨晚熬夜了。（真实语气）

1. Mike’s uncle requested that _D__ in this hotel.

A. staying not B. he would not stay

C. not to stay D. he not stay

2. The bride desires that her wedding _C__ in a traditional way.

A. is held B. has been held

C. be held D. will be held

答案：1.D 2.C

【考点二】wish 的用法

The little girl wishes that it__C___ tomorrow.

A will snow B were to sonw

C would snow D snows

答案： C

Wish 与现在相反，wish 后从句谓语动词用一般过去时

Wish 与过去相反，wish 后从句谓语动词用过去完成时

Wish 与将来相反，wish 后从句谓语动词用 could/would+动词原形

我昨天要是遇到那个电影明星就好了。

How I wish I had met that film star yesterday.

If only I had met that filmstar yesterday.

I will leave him only if he asks me to do so.

补充：if only “要是…就好了”，需要使用虚拟语气。

only if “只有…才” (不用虚拟) ；only if 位于句首需要倒装

1.If only I ___D___ to my parents’ advice!

A. listening B. listen

C. am listening D. had listened

2. I wish every family __B___ a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. has B. had

C. will have D. had had

答案：1.D 2.B

其他特殊情况中的虚拟语气

【考点一】It is (high) time that

1.It is time that we ___ ___ (study) hard.

2.It is high time that we ____ _____(take ) measures to save the earth.

答案：1. studied/should study 2. took/should take

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It is (high) time that +动词过去时或者 should+动词原形

【考点二】 would rather that

1. I would rather you __(do) your homework now.

2. I would rather you ___(go) tomorrow.

3.. I would rather you ______(not tell) me the truth.

答案：1. did 2. Went 3. had not told

would rather 后接句子时，句子的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在或者将来的愿

望，过去完成时表示过去的愿望。

【考点三】含蓄虚拟句

But for the doctor, he _____would have died___________ (die).

要不是医生的救助，他早就没命了。

Without the professor's guidence, I __couldn't have finished_______________ the paper. (finish)

含蓄虚拟句的常见词 without, but for, but that+句子, otherwise, or else

1. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ____ more on its

culture.

A. focus B. focused

C. would focus D. had focused

2. But for the help of my English teacher, I______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win B. would not have won

C. would win D. would have won

答案：1.B 2.B

三、综合练习

1. If we _______a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked

B. booked

C. book

D. had booked

2. The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and __________ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set

C. should do; set D. had done; must be set

3. We _____ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put

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C. would put D. would have put

4. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___ something instead of just talking.

A. will do B. has done C. do D. did

5. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.

A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visited

D. would have visited

答案：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D

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第十四章名词性从句一、考情分析

题型分布：单选、完型、阅读、翻译、作文

分值分布：5-10 分

难度要求：大纲要求

二、考点精讲

名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

1.他还活着。

He is still alive.

他还活着真是个奇迹。

That he is still alive is a miracle.

2. 你想要什么生日礼物？

What do you want for your birthday?

贴心的男朋友问我想要什么生日礼物。

My dear boyfriend asks me what I want for my birthday.

3. 我们怎样才能免费游韩国呢？

How can we travel around South Korea for free?

问题是我们怎么能免费游韩国。

The problem is how we can travel around South Korea for free.

4. 他们已经复合了。

They have got back together.

他们已经复合了的消息让很多粉丝又重新相信了爱情。

The news that they have got back together makes many fans believe in love again.

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【考点一】：名词性从句的语序

What is this?

Let me tell you __what this is ____.

2. Who is in the car?

Who is in the car is unknown.

名词性从句语序与陈述句语序一致，即连接词+主语+谓语;注意：当连接词本身充当主语时，从

句陈述语序疑问语序一致,即连接词+谓语

练一练

1. The photographs will show you ____．

A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

2. I wonder how much ________.

A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost

C. cost the watch D. the watch costs

答案：1.D 2.C

【考点二】：连接词 that 的省略

1. China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _____ our country has become one of the

greatest powers in space research.

A. what B. which C. / D. it that

2. The fact is ______ we are all eager to participate.

A./ B. what C. that D why

答案：1.C 2.C

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that 在引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that 绝对不能省

略

在以下几种情况下宾语从句引导词 that 一般不省略：

1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.

2. that 在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.

3. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：

I think it necessary that he should stay here.

4. 在 except, in 等介词后。如：

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.

【考点三】： that, what 与 which

1. _ _ the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.

2. Can you point out __ _ two radios are the best?

3. Do you know __ __ this is used for?

答案：1. That 2. Which 3. what

1.that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，无实意；

2.what 在名词性从句中，可充当主干；特指 what=the thing that

3. which 在名词性从句中意为“哪个”有选择范围

1.________ surprised me most was ________.

A. What…that she spoke Japanese so well

B. That…how could she speak Japanese so well

C. What…she spoke Japanese so well

D. That…why she could speak Japanese so well

2.______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.

A. Which B. That C. If D. How

答案：1.A 2.A

【考点四】： if 与 whether

1._______ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That

2. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

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答案：1.C 2.C

以下情况只能有 whether

1.引导主从、表从、同从；

2.介词后面+whether

if 表达“是否”的意思时，只能引导宾语从句

______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.

A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That

答案：1.C

【考点五】：特殊疑问词与特殊疑问词+ever

1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.

A. what B. whatever

C. no matter what D. whenever

2. It was a matter of ____ would take the position.

A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

答案：1.B 2.A

特殊疑问词如 what ,who 等含特指意义；

而疑问词+ever 如 whatever, whoever 等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”

补充：whoever 既可以充当主语亦可充当宾语，whomever 在现代英语中基本上不引导名词性从

句。

1. We promise ____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

2. _______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

答案：1.C 2.A

【考点六】：特殊疑问词+ever 与 no matter+疑问词

1.It doesn't matter _______________________.

2.I will always love you _________________.

A. whoever you choose.

B. no matter who you choose

答案：1.A 2.AB

特殊疑问词既可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而 no matter who 只能引导让步状语从句

1. In that way, we can do something what we are interested in.

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(what 改为 that)

2. All what he needs is more time.

（what 改为 that)

what 只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句

【考点七】：名词性从句和定语从句引导词比较

_That__ he failed to attend the meeting __that___ is of great importance surprised us all.

that 既可以引导名词性从句，亦可引导定语从句。在名词性从句中不充当任何成分；在定语从

句中充当主干

1. ____ I'm considering now is the money _____we need.

A. What, that B. That, that

C. That, what D. What, What

2. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.

A. what that B. that what

C. that which D. which that

答案：1.A 2.B

三、综合练习

1. We think it possible ___B_____ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.

A. for B. that C. when D. how

2. We were greatly amused by ____C____.

A. what you have told us B. which you had told us

C. what you told us D. that you told us

3. Do you have any idea ___A ____

A. when Miss Smith will arrive

B. when will Miss Smith arrived

C. how will Miss Smith arrive

D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived

答案：1.B 2.C 3.A

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第十五章定语从句

一、考情分析

1.考情分析

题型分布：单选、完型、阅读、翻译、写作

分值分布：约占 10 分


2.真题再现

1. Ancient Rome was a country _____ culture influenced the western world for centuries.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

2. Suppose we meet with a situation _____ none of us can deal with, what then?

A. where B. when C. what D. that

3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was

so poorly equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

答案：1.C 2.D 3.A

二、考点精讲

She is a famous actress. Her reputation is largely based on her starring in the movie Lust&Caution.

简单句

She is a famous actress, and her reputation is largely based on her starring in the movie Lust &Caution.

并列句

She is a famous actress, whose reputation is largely based on her starring in the movie Lust&Caution .

定语从句

考点 1：关系代词之 that vs. which

只能用 that 的情况

1 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时

2 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 修饰时

3 先行词是由序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

4 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰时

5 当关系代词在从句中作表语时

不能用 that 的情况

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1. 介词后不能用 that

2. 非限制性定语从句中，不能用 that

The painting at which he often stares belongs to his wife.

She asked him to marry her, which came as quite a surprise for him.

练一练

1. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.

A. which B. that C. this D. it

2. Luckily, we had bought a road map without ________ we would have lost our way.

3. I refuse to accept the blame for something ___ was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. which D. what

答案：1.A 2.D 3.B

考点 2：关系代词之 as vs. which

as 在限制性定语从句中

such+n.+as...

the same+n.+as...

so+n.+as...

She was such a good person as everybody liked.

She is not the same person as I knew.

Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

as /which 在非限制性定语从句中

as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等，

如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which 作主语。

She has been late again, as was expected.

Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

练一练

1._____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

2. My hometown is no longer the same _____ it used to be.

A. like B. that C. as D. which

答案：1.D 2.C

考点 3：关系代词之 whom vs. who

考点：who 既能充当主语，也能当宾语，但前有介词只能用宾格 whom；whom 只能充当宾语

1.She is the girl about whom we talked yesterday.

Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

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A. whom B. who C. what D. which

2.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, to ___ we gave

some bells and glasses.

A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

答案：1.B 2.B

考点 4：关系代词之 whose

考点："...的" 表示所属关系

whose=the+名词+of whom=of whom+the +名词人

whose=the+名词+of which=of which+the +名词物

This is the scientist whose great achievements are seldom known by the outside world.

This is the scientist, the great achievements of whom are seldom known by the outside world

The house whose owner was the great scientist is well preserved.

(the owner of which)

(of which the owner)

考点 5：非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”

的结构

There are 30 students in our class,99% of whom are girls.

He has been on a blind date for many times, none of which ended well.

练一练

1.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ______ are sold abroad.

A. of which B. which of

C. of them D. of that

2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ___ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which

C. its price D. the price of whose

3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.

A. none of them B. both of them

C. none of whom D. neither of whom

答案：1.A 2.B 3.D

考点 6：关系代词的省略

在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词充当从句的宾语且其前无介词，则可省略；

This is the book I read yesterday.

1. The work has been finished is very important.

2. She is the girl about we talked yesterday.

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改为：

1. The work which/that has been finished is very important.

2. She is the girl about whom we talked yesterday.

练一练

The house I grew up _B__ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C.in that D. in which

答案：1.B

考点 7：介词+which/whom

考点：介词的选择；一先，二动，三意义

We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____B___ we

gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom

C. with whom D. with which

答案：1.B

This is the newspaper for which I often write articles.

This is the magical pen with which he often writes.

1.He is the only person ____ ___ she can turn when in trouble.

2.She was educated at Beijing University, __ ___ She went on to have her advanced study abroad.

答案：1. to whom 2. _after which

练一练

1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,

____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A. of which B. on which

C. from which D. above which

2. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry，_______ there won't be much work

A. where B. that C. by which D. without which

答案：1.D 2.D

考点 8：关系副词 (做状语）

This is the backyard where I first saw her. (where= in which)

That is the reason why you kept smiling. (why= for which)

考点 8：关系副词 (where 引导抽象模糊的地点词）

case, situation, position, stage, point, race, instance...

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

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It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

考点 8：关系副词 vs. 关系代词

考点：从句中缺主干（主语、宾语、主语的定语）选关系代词;不缺主干，则选关系副词。

--Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

--Yes，there’s one point ________ we must insist on.

A．why B．where C．how D．/

I have reached a point in my life ____I have to make decisions on my own.

A. why B. where C. how D. /

答案：1.D 2.B

练一练

that when why where which

1. I want to know the date ____ you were born.

2. I have forgotten the date _____ you told me.

3. Do you know the reason __ he is absent today?

4. That is the reason ____ I want to know.

5. This is the factory ___ his father works.

6. This is the factory __ ____his father built.

答案：1. when 2. that/which 3. why 4. that/which_ 5. where 6. that/which

答题技巧

判断从句是否缺主干

找出先行词

选择相应的关系代/副词

练一练

1. You will find taxis waiting at the bus station ___ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. where B. which C. what D. when

2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, __ urgently needed clean water, medicine and

shelter to survive.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

3. I hope to get such a dictionary ____ he is using.

A. which B. that C. / D. as

4. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school____I met in the English speech

contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

5. They will fly to Washington，_____ they plan to stay for two or three days.

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A. where B. there C. which D. when

6. She will never forget her stay there ____ she found her two sons who had gone missing two years

before.

A . that B. which C. where D. when

答案：1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D

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第十六章状语从句一、考情介绍

1.考情介绍

题型分布：单选，完形，阅读，翻译，写作

分值分布：6-8 分


2.真题再现

1.--I’m going to the post office.

--____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

2. After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theater.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

3. ______I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. Lest

答案：1.B 2.D 3.C

二、考点精讲

状语从句：时间状语让步状语

地点状语结果状语

原因状语目的状语

条件状语方式状语

时间状语

考点 1：when, while 和 as

when 既可引导延续性也可接非延续性动作；

while 只能引导延续性动词，侧重主句和从句动作对比,

as 只能引导短暂性动词。

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.

When/As the movie ended, she burst into tears.

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

练一练

1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and busily drying myself with a towel ___I heard the steps.

A. while B. when C. since D. after

2. It isn't just fair. __I was working as a waitress last month, my friends were lying on the beach.

A. whenever B. though C. for D.while

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3.--I’m going to the post office.

--___ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

答案：1.B 2.D 3.B

考点补充

She was taking a shower when someone dropped into her bathtub.

while 作为并列连词，“”而，却"表示对比

He likes Zhang Manyu, while I adore Lin Qingxia.

时间状语

考点 2：一...就...; as soon as, the moment/ minute/second, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no

sooner…than, hardly…when

Tell him the news as soon as you see him.

I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her.

I went home directly I had finished work.

注意：no sooner…than, hardly…when；than,when 引导的谓语用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

练一练

1. You will be successful in the interview _______ you have confidence.

A. before B. once C. until D. though

2.Just use this room for the time being, and we'll offer you a larger one ____ ____ it becomes

available．

A. as soon as B. unless C.as far as D. until

答案：1.B 2.A

考点 3：before 和 since

1.before"还未...就；....才....还没来得及...就“

We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw the land.

We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.

2. It will be+一段时间+before...,表示“还有多久才...”

It will be half a year before I come back.

It won't be long before we met again.

3. It is +一段时间+since 从句中，若从句中的谓语为持续性动词，某一状态的终止，若为终止

性动词，则理解为某一动作开始

It is 3 years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟已经 3 年了。

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It is 3 years since the war broke out. 战争爆发已经有 3 年了。

练一练

1. As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Tsinghua University was founded.

A. when B. before C. after D. since

2. The field research will take John and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet

them again.

A. after B. before C. since D. when

3. It is five years since she was in our class.

It is five years since he lived here.

答案：1.D 2.B

3.她离开我们班已经有 5 年了。

他不在这住已经有 5 年了

原因状语

考点：because, as, since/now that, for

1.because 直接的原因，语气最强，能回答 why 提出的问题

I can't marry you because I don't like woman.

2. as 语气较弱，一般在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。

As he was not well, I decided to go there without him.

3. since, now that“既然”，主句前，中间用逗号隔开，明显的原因或众所周知的事实。

Now that everybody is here, let's start the meeting.

4. for “因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，常用逗号把它和前面

的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因

He must come from other planets, for he is so extraordinarily attractive.

练一练

1._____that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.

A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite

2. A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips

alone.

A. so B. but C. and D. for

答案：1.B 2.D

目的状语

考点： in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest

1. in order that/ so that; 引导的从句中常用情态动词；前者比后者正式，可置于主句前或后；而

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so that 只能位于后面

I will put on more weight so that I can lose more weight.

In order that the proposal could go well, he bought an extra large diamond ring.

2. for fear that"害怕某事会发生"；in case"以防出现某种情况" lest 书面语“以免”

The dog didn’t pick up the sausage for fear that it might step into the trap set by some hunters.It casted

a stick onto the sausage in case there was a trick. The dog became very cautious lest he should be set

up again.

练一练

My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out.

A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that

答案：1.C

结果状语

考点： so...that; such...that

so+adj/adv+that+从句

such+adj.+n.+that+从句

Anne is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.

Anne is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much.

练一练

We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush

C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush

答案：B

条件状语

考点：if, unless(if...not), as/so long as, in case; on condition that, provided that, supposing that

There will be terrible consequences unless you come with me.

Supposing that he should refuse me, who elso can I turn to?

练一练

1. We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday _C it rains or it's very cold.

since B. if C. unless D. until

2. You may use the room as you like _B__ you clean it up afterwards.

A.so far as B.so long as C. in case D. even if

答案：1.C 2.B

方式状语从句

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考点：as, as if, though ；

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

Do as you are told, or you will be fired.

as if/though 引导的从句表示虚拟语气情况

注意：若 as if/though 引导的从句中叙述的情况很有可能实现，也可用陈述语气

He acts as if he likes me.

I feel as if I have a fever.

让步状语从句

考点 : althoug/though,even though/even if

He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.

Even though he is poor, She is still willing to marry him.

Even if he were poor, she would marry him..

补充： though 还可作副词，置于句末，“可，然后”

He said he would come, but he didn't, though

三、练一练

1.____he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although

2 .She had just finished her homework ___ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano

yesterday.

A. when B. while C. after D. since

3. The little girl who got lost decided to stay ________ he was and wait tor her mother.

A. where B. what C. how D. who

4.______ I don’t really like art, I find his work impressive.

A. As B. Though C. If D. As long as

5. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.

A. ever since B. even if

C. soon after D. in case

答案：1.D 2.A 3.A 3.B 5.D

第十七章反义疑问句一、概述

概念：反义疑问句（The Disjunctive Question）又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把

握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短

的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

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二、考点精讲

考点一：附加疑问句中的主语

Everyone here knows him well, doesn’t he/don’t they？

Something serious happened, didn’t it?

陈述部分的主语附加疑问句中的主语

指人的不定代词：everyone, everybody, someone, somebody，anyone,

anybody，no one，nobody, none

they（口头语，非正式文体）

/he（正式文体）

指物的不定代词：everything，something，anything，nothing

名词性从句

动词不定式短语

动名词

it

this/that 或 these/those it 或 they

one one/he

man he

there be 句型 be/情态动词/助动词+there

1. Someone is coming ______?

A. aren't they B. isn't he C. don’t they D.A/B

2.Everything is ready,______?

A.isn't it B. isn’t they C. aren’t they D. aren’t it

3. Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, ______?

A. was it B. has it C. doesn’t it D. didn’t it

答案：1.D 2.A 3.B

考点二：否定意义 VS 否定词缀

He is unsuccessful, isn’t he?

He never succeeds, does he?

陈述部分附加疑问句

否定意义：few，little，never，seldom， hardly，

barely， scarcely，rarely ， nothing，none，

no， not， no one， nobody， neither……

肯定形式

否定词缀：有否定前缀 un-，dis-，im-,或-否定否定形式

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后缀-less 词，如 unhappy，dislike，unfriendly,

careless……

less， fewer 等词视为肯定词否定形式

1.There are few apples in the basket ______?

A . are there B. is there

C. aren’t there D. isn’t there

2.He can hardly swim, ______?

A. can he B. can’t he

C. does he D. doesn’t he

3. No one failed in the exam, ___ ?

A. was he B. did one C. did they D didn’t he there

4. He looks unhappy，_______?

A. doesn’t he B. does he C.is he D. isn’t he

5. The girl dislikes history，_______?

A. does she B. doesn’t she C. is she D. isn’t she

6. There will be less pollution, ______?

A. will there B. won’t there

C. is there D. isn’t there

答案：1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B

考点三：含有情态动词的反意疑问句

1. 在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词，如 can, may, should, had better, would rather, would

like 时，反意疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词：

(ought to 可以用 oughtn’t to 或 shouldn’t）

You'd better go home now, hadn't you?

We shouldn’t help him, should we?

2. 当陈述部分含有 must 时要分两种情况：

(1) 若 must 表示“必须”或“有必要”，反意疑问句用 mustn’t 或 needn’t：

You must leave at once, mustn’t /needn’t you?

他必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗?

(2) 若陈述部分有 mustn’t 表示禁止，反意疑问句要 must:

You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗?

当陈述部分含有情态动词 must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用 must, may, can’t

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自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致

1. He must be very tired, ___isn’t he?____

2. Your mother may be at home, ___isn’t she?_____

1. You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

2. You must have seen the film , haven’t you？

3. It can’t have snowed last week, did it?

4. It can’t have snowed , hasn’t it?

陈述部分附加疑问句

1. must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测一般现在时. eg. doesn’t, don’t, is, isn’t

2. must/ may/ can’t + have done 如果表示对过去的

情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语）

一般过去时. eg. didn’t,wasn’t,weren’t

3.must/ may/ can’t + have done 如果强调动作的完

成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语）

现在完成时，eg. haven’t,hasn’t

练一练

1. You mustn’t smoke here,____?

A. must you B. need you

C. do you D. are you

2.You must work hard next term, _____?

A.mustn’t you B. needn’t you

C. A/B D. don’t you

3. He needn't come here _____?

A. does he B. need he

4.We need to help them, ______?

A. don’t we B. needn’t we

5.You daren’t go there, ______?

A. do you B. dare you

答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B

考点四：含有宾语从句的反义疑问句

1. I believe he will succeed, won’t he?

2. He doesn’t believe he will succeed, does he?

1. 当陈述部分是第二、三人称且带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应与主句的主语保持一致。

例如：

He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he?

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2. 但当陈述部分是第一人称，即主谓语是 I / We think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect,

imagine 等)或者 I'm sure （We are sure， I'm afraid， I feel sure 等） that + 宾语从句时，疑问

部分的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。例如：

I'm sure you will help me, won't you?

注意：宾语从句如果转移了否定词，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。例如：

I don't think he is a doctor, is he?

改错：

1. We believe she can do it better, don’t we? can't she

2. I don’t think he is right, isn’t he? is he

考点五：就近原则

She is a doctor but her husband isn’t a doctor, is he?

I help Lucy with her Chinese, and she helps me with my English, doesn’t she ?

陈述句部分是由 and (but, so, or 等)连接两个并列句时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语必须采用就近

一致的原则；

Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should be in China now, shouldn’t he?

考点六：祈使句

Give me a hand，will you/ won’t you？

Don’t make much noise， will you？

Let 开头的祈使句要注意：

1.Let’s (包含谈话的对方在内)，其反意疑问句往往用 shall we.

Let's have a look at your new dictionary, shall we?

2. Let us (一般不包含谈话的对方在内)，let 有 allow 的意思, 附加疑问部分用 will you。

Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you?

3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用 will you，或用 may I。

Let me help you, will you/ May I?

考点七：其他反义疑问句

1.陈述部分是"I'm ..."结构时，其后的反意疑问句用 aren't I。

I am not seriously ill, aren’t I ?

2. 陈述部分是"I wish ..."时，反意疑问句用 may I? 表示询问或征求意见。例如：

I wish to be allowed to smoke here, may I?

考点七：其他反义疑问句

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3. 当陈述句含有 used to 时，反意疑问句用 did（也可用 used）：

He used to get up early, didn't he / usedn't he?

三、练一练

1. Someone is coming, _______?

A. aren’t they B. isn't he C. A/B D. doesn’t they

2. Everything is ready, ______?

A. aren’t they B. isn’t it C.A/B D. doesn’t it

3. To do one good deed is easy for a person,

A. aren’t they B. isn’t it C.A/B D. doesn’t it

4. These are your friends Tom and Jack, ______?

A. aren’t they B. don’t they C. aren’t these

5. She is unfit for the position, ______ ?

A. is she B. isn't she C. doesn't she D. does she

6. There is little we can do about it, ______ ?

A. is there B. can't we C. isn't there D. can we

7. -Tom told me that he overslept this morning.

-Oh, he rarely used to oversleep, ______ ?

A.usedn't he B. use he C. didn't he D. did he

8. Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design digital camera, ______ ?

A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she

9. I'm sure you'd better accept his offer, ____________?

A. hadn't you B. wouldn't you

C. shouldn't you D. couldn't you

10. I don’t think she cares, _______?

A. does she B. doesn’t she

答案：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A

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第十八章省略句

一、考点精讲

考点一不定式中的省略

1.在由 and 或 or 连接的并列不定式结构常省略后面的 to。

I want to finish my homework and go home.

2．在某些形容词(如：glad，happy，pleased 等)后面时常保留 to 而省略上文已提到的动词原形。

—Will you join us in the game?

—I‘d be glad to.

3．to 后的内容常承前省略(只保留 to 即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式中有 have 或 be 的任何形

式，后应该保留原形 be 或 have。

Susan is not what she used to be.

考点二定语从句中的省略

1．在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词 that，which，whom 作从句中的宾语，可将关系代词省

略。

Do you know the man (whom) our teacher spoke to?

2．先行词 the way(关系词作状语)，time(次数)后的定语从句常省略关系词。

I don't like the way(in which/that) he spoke to others.

I can't remember how many times (that)I have failed.

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考点三状语从句中的省略

1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词含有 be 时，可省略状语从句的主语和

be 动词。

When(he was) young，he helped his parents do a lot of housework.

2.当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词是 be 动词时，可以把 it 和 be 一起省略。此时构成“连词(if，unless，

when，whenever)＋形容词”的结构。

Though (it was)cold，he still wore a shirt.

Please call me if (it is) necessary.

3．if so/not 省略句式中，用 so/not 代替上文的内容。

Get up early tomorrow. If not(＝ If you don't get up early)，you will miss the early bus.

练一练

1.Some of you may have finished unit one. _____, you can go on to unit two.

A. If you may B. If you do

C. If not D. If so

2.—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all. ______.

A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not

C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to

3 .If _____, we’ll continue our experiment after office hours.

A. being necessary B.be necessary

C. is necessary D. necessary

4. Generally speaking, ________ according to directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. when taking B. when taken

C. when to take D. when to be taken

5.-Are you a volunteer now?

- No, but I ______. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.

A. used to B. used to be

C. used to do D. was used to

6. –What do you think made the girl so glad?

--_________ a beautiful necklace.

A. As she received B. Receiving

C. Received D. Because of receiving

答案：1.D 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.B

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第十九章强调句考点一：It is（was)…that/who …

考点二：除强调的是作主语或宾语的人时可以用 who(whom)外，其它任何情况都只能用 that

考点三： It is (was) not until…that…

考点一：It is（was)…that/who …

It was on Monday night that all this happened．T

It was Monday night that all this happened． F

练一练

1. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _________ he chose the course.

A. that B. what C. why D. how

2. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm _________ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

答案：1.A 2.A

He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语 he)


→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语 the book)

→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语 in this shop)


→It was yesterday that he bought the book in this shop. (强调时间状语 yesterday)

考点二：除强调的是作主语或宾语的人时可以用 who(whom)外，其它任何情况都只能用 that。

→It was he who/that bought the book in this shop yesterday.

→It was the book which he bought in this shop yesterday. (which 改为 that)

→It was in this shop where he bought the book yesterday. (where 改为 that)

→It was yesterday when he bought the book in this shop. (when 改为 that)

练一练

1.It is the children _____ are making so much noise in the garden.

A. that B. who C. which D.A/B

2.It is tomorrow ______ we will have a meeting.

A. that B. when C. which D.A/B

答案：1.D 2.A

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考点三：not...until 句式的强调结构

It is (was) not until…that…

He didn't come until his wife left.

→It was not until his wife left that he came.

他妻子走了之后他才来。

They didn't start until the rain stopped.

→It was not until the rain stopped that they started.

直到雨停他们才出发。

注：这类句型不用倒装语序，但若改成 Not until…，则要用倒装。

如：

Not until his wife left did he come.

他妻子走了之后他才来。

Not until the rain stopped did they start.

直到雨停他们才出发。

练一练

1. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in

common.

A. was until; when B. was until; that

C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that

2. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply.

A. since B. when C. as D. that

答案：1.D 2.B 3.D

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第二十章倒装句

一、倒装句概述

概念：为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的

成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

1. In front of our house _ _ with a history of 1000 years.

A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree

C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands

2. Only when he reached the tea-house the same place he had been in last year.

A. he realized B. he did realize

C. realized he D. did he realize

答案：1.B 2.D 部分倒装：助动词+主语+动词

二、考点精讲

1.许多快乐的女孩在树下跳舞。Delight

Many delighted girls are dancing under the tree.

2.现在轮到你了。 Turn

Your turn comes now.

3.急需英语课本。demand

English books are greatly demanded.

4.售货员站在那里。Assist

The assistant stands there.

5.气球飞起来了。Balloon

The balloons flew up.

考点一：全部倒装

1.许多快乐的女孩在树下跳舞。Delight

There are many delighted girls dancing under the tree. 有

2.现在轮到你了。 Turn

Now comes your turn. 时

3.急需英语课本。demand

Greatly demanded are English books. 表

4.售货员站在那里。

There stands the assistant. 地

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5.气球飞起来了。

Up flew the balloon. 方

Up it flew.

考点二：含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首+部分倒装

1.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom ____ so lonely as now.

A. have I felt B.I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt

2. Little ____ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this

business.

A. he realized B. he didn't realize

C. didn't he realize D. did he realize

答案：1.A 2.D

含有否定意义的副词或词组，如 never，little, not, seldom, nowhere, not only , not until , in no way,

rarely（很少）, by no means（决不），no sooner (…..than), hardly….when…, scarcely…when…等

在句首时，句子部分倒装。

Hardly had I sat down for a rest when the door bell rang.

Scarcely had I sat down for a rest when the door bell rang.

No sooner had I sat down for a rest than the door bell rang.

考点三：只有 only 放在句首时，主句部分倒装，从句正常语序

1. Only when I left my parents for Italy ____ how much I loved them.

A .I realized B. I had realized

C. had I realized D. did I realize

2. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.

A. the residents would be permitted

B.had the residents been permitted

C. would the residents be permitted

D. the residents had been permitted

答案：1.D 2.A

考点四 so +助动+主语， “…也是如此”

so+主语+助动 “...的确如此”

neither/nor+助动+主语 “...也不是”

1. --Your father is very strict with you.

--___. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.

So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he

2. —In modern times,girls like beautiful clothes.

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---Yes, ________ and_________. After all, our life has greatly improved.

A. so do they, so do we B. so they do, so we do

C. so do they, so we do D. so they do, so do we

答案：1.A 2.D

考点五：so + adj/adv…+that...位于句首时的倒装，主句进行部分倒装，that 后面的结果状语从

句不倒装

1.______that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A So successful her business was

B So successful was her business

C So her business was successful

D So was her business successful

2. So fast _______ that ________its speed.

A. did light travel; can we hardly imagine

B. light travels; we can hardly imagine

C. does light travel; we can hardly imagine

D. light traveled ; can we hardly imagine

答案：1.B 2.C

考点六：as/ though 引导的形式倒装，强调部分（名词/形容词/副词）置于句首，as/ though 后

正常语序

1 ____ ,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting .

A. Strange though might it sound

B As it might sound strange

C. Though strange it might sound

D Strange though it might sound

答案： D

考点七： not only...but also 引导两个并列连句，前倒后不倒

Not only ___ great attention to corruption in soccer, but____ been made.

A. does China pay, a lot of progress has

B. Chian pays, a lot of progress has

C. does China pay, has a lot of progress

D. China pays, has a lot of progress.

答案：A

三、练一练

1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.

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A. didn't I realize B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize D. I realized

2. Only by practicing a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.

A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you

3. If you don't go， neither ____.

A. shall I B. does I

C. I do D. I shall

4. No sooner ___ to the station ____ the train left.

A. had I got， when B. I had got， than

C. had I got， than D. did I get， when

5. — Here ____！ Where is Xiao Liu？

—There ____.

A. comes the bus， is he B. comes the bus， he is

C. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is

6. ____ ， I will not buy it.

A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it

C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much

7. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.

A. he was frightened B. was he frightened

C. frightened he was D. frightened was he

8. Not only _____ a promise， but also he kept it.

A. did he make B. he made

C. does he make D. has he made

答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A

改写：

1.More than 50 students are sitting in the classroom.

In the classroom sit more than 50 students.

2. We can succeed only by working hard.

Only by working hard can we succeed.

3. He didn’t say a single word at the meeting.

Not a single word did he say at the meeting.

4. He hardly knew anything about it then.

Hardly did he know anything about it then.

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第二部分完形填空

一、考情分析

文章类型：社科类、教育教学类

试题分值：15 或 20 分

试题难度：大纲要求

二、解题步骤

跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意≈2mins

瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破≈10mins

3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案≈2mins

Step 1：Read-through

（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）

Where/when/who/what

二、解题步骤

1. My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling__1__, but I

always knew he was __2___.He never criticized us, but used ___3___to bring out our best. He’d say,

“If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I_4__ as a child I

said something 5 about somebody, and my father said, “ 6 time you say something

unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best

7 people, I would get the best 8 . From then on I’ve always tried to 9 the principle in

my life and later in running my company.

2. Dad’s also always been very___10___. At 15, I started a magazine. It was 11 a great deal of

my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 12 ：stay in school or leave to work on my

magazine.

3. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, 13 any good father would.

When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 14 me to

go into law. And I’ve 15 regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 16 I didn’t pursue

my 17 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”

4. As 18 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 19 for

young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them

up in the same way Dad 20 me.

二、解题步骤

Step 2：Easy blanks first, hard ones later

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瞻前顾后

先易后难

各个击破

1. My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but I

always knew he was 2 . He never criticized us, but used 3 to bring out our best. He’d say,

“If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I __4__ as a

child I said something __5__about somebody, and my father said, “ 6 time you say something

unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best

7 people, I would get the best 8 . From then on I’ve always tried to 9 the principle in

my life and later in running my company.

2. Dad’s also always been very 10 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 11 a great deal of

my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 12 ：stay in school or leave to work on my

magazine.

3. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, 13 any good father would.

When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 14 me to go

into law. And I’ve 15 regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 16 I didn’t pursue

my 17 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”

4. As 18 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 19 for

young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them

up in the same way Dad 20 me.

1.A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener

2.A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned

3. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth

4.A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess

5.A. unnecessary B. unkind C. unimportant D. unusual

6. A. Another B. Some C. Any D. Other

7. A. on B. in C. at D. about

8. A. in case B. by turn C. by chance D. in return

9. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow

10. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding

11. A. taking up B. making up C. picking up D. keeping up

12. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice

13.A. and B. as C. even if D. as if

14.A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested

15.A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost

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16.A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore

17.A. promise B. task C. belief D. dream

18.A. this B. he C. it D. that

19.A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project

20.A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised

Step 3: Re-read and check

复读全文;

逐个核对;

验证答案;

1. My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I

always knew he was special. He never criticized us, but used praise to bring out our best. He’d say, “If

you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I remember as a

child I said something unkind about somebody, and my father said, “Any time you say something

unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best in

people, I would get the best in returen . From then on I’ve always tried to follow the principle in my

2. Dad’s also always been very understanding . At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up a great

deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice：stay in school or leave to work

on my magazine.

3. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would.

When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to

go into law. And I’ve always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, but I didn’t pursue

my dream . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”

4. As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young

people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in

the same way Dad raised me.

三、突破技巧

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应试技巧一：利用首句，推测语篇主旨

首句不设空，把握首句有助于理解全文和解题。

Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks ___1____ than words.

According to specialists, our bodies send out more ___2____ than we realize.

A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further

2. A. sounds B. invitations C. feeling D. messages

应试技巧二：语境信息解题法

“Women may do more of this _1_，but when men are instructed to do it，they may get more benefit

from it.” he said.

A. spontaneously B. reluctantly

C. unconsciously D. willingly

U.S. brain researchers said on Wednesday, in a finding that explains why 1 to a therapist often makes

people feel better.

A. talking B. resorting C. going D. complaining

1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very__________.

A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous

2. Mrs O’Neill asked_______questions and she didn’t scold us either.

A. no B. certain C. many D. more

应试技巧三：语法结构法

“I have been a soloist for over ten years. __1__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __2__

that my passion couldn’t be realized.

1. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since

2. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say

“This is the only region of the entire brain that is more active when you choose an emotional word

for the picture __1__ when you choose a name for the picture.” he said.

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A. as B. to C. than D. comparing

When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __1__ I received

an email from Garth, my Director.

A. while B. when C. where D. after

应试技巧四：逻辑关系解题法

He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in

Washington, D.C, and __1__, becoming a technical assistant in a multinational company.

A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly

并列关系：

and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say,

as well as, same…as

递进关系：

then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed

因果关系：

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so/such… that, consequently, accordingly, due to,

thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to

转折关系：

but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike,

rather than, instead of

让步关系：

although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

1. It has been many years since I was last in London, _____I still remember something that happened

during that visit.

A. and B. for C. but D. as

2. Mark knelt down and helped the boy pick up these articles. _______ they were going the same way,

he helped to carry some of them for him.

A. Although B. Since C. After D. Until

应试技巧五：词汇

1. 词汇同现、复现

2. 高频词汇固定搭配

3. 高频熟词僻义

4. 高频易混词汇

5.1 词汇同现同现关系

反义或相对关系；或者同类互补关系；

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e.g. different 与 same; cruel 与 friendly;

death 与 destruction; ill 与 pale;

patient, nurse, doctor 与 operation

If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring you some basic strengths and weaknesses.

Success or ___1__ in your work would depend, to a great extent, ___2__your ability to use your

strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.

1. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement

2. A. in B. on C. of D. to

5.2 词汇复现

In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __1__ are the friendly,

people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __2__ and cause

much human suffering.

1. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen

2. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary

He said the same region of the brain has been found in 1_ studies to play a role in motor

control……Lieberman said prior studies and……

A. early B. original C. prior D. senior

…the behavior and character of children were strongly influenced by their social surroundings...

This belief that the social__1__inluenced a person’s overall development ...

1. A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status

5.3 高频词汇固定搭配解题法

注意积累固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，

同时也要根据内容选择正确的短语。

They are ___1___ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again.

A. seeking B. dreaming C. longing D. searching

Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __1__ until the

day he graduated.

A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued

They said talking about negative feelings activates a part of the brain _1_ for impulse control.

A. suitable B. responsible C. responsive D. applicable

1. The city(Washington)was named ______ George Washington, the first president of the United

States.

A. by B. for C. as D. after

2. Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself ________ so much money.

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A. for B. by C. to D. of

5.4 熟词僻义

1. “…I am surprised…OK. Angela, your next task is to find a good band and line them up for the

dance. ”

Angela was all smiles and _1__ the news to Amy and Daniel. ”You’re amazing ”smiled Daniel to

Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.

1. A. showed B. wrote

C. broke D. read

2. “What’s up?” I asked .He answered in 1 English, “I…I no get money to buy book.” I took out

two 500 naira notes.

1. A. old B. broken C. traditional D. modern

5.5 高频易混词汇

词义与词形的辨析。选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助

选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。

Soon I heard a _____like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.

A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout

He sees a ______toward “de-urbanization ” across the nation.

A. trend B. style B. direction D. path

At this moment, the air hostess ____1______. She looked pale, but was quite ____2____.

1. A. showed B. presented

C. exposed D. appeared

2. A. well B. still C. calm D. quite

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in ___1___ to their

failure to rise above their socioeconomic status…

A. return B. reply C. reference D. response

四、真题演练

I. The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant ____1___a quiet drink and a talk with a few

friends when it suddenly ____2___ me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t

long ___3___the whole room was filled with smoke.

A. have B. had C. having D. have had

A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed

A. ago B. after C. before D. now

II. It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly,

heading towards their________. This was the beginning of another ________day in New York City.

A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices

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A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary

III Although these wide modern roads are generally ___1____and well maintained, with little sharp

curves and many straight ____2_____, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.

1. A. stable B. smooth C. splendid D. complicated

2. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections

IV Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Provincial hospital for incurables. In one of the

wards a patient, an old man, got up____1_____from his bed and moved towards me. I could

_2______that he hadn’t long to live, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the

floor.

1. A. happily B. disappointedly C. shakily D. unwillingly

2. A. imagine B. guess C. see D. expect

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第三部分阅读理解

阅读理解经典题型：

1 主旨大意题

2 细节理解题

3 推理判断题

4 词义猜测题

1.主旨大意题

常见出题形式：

1. 主旨句设问类型

What is the main idea of this passage？

What does the passage mainly talk about？

We can conclude/learn from the passage that ……

2.最佳标题选择类型

The best title for this passage is ……

3. 作者主旨意图类型

What does the writer want to tell us？

Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage？

解题方法：

1.寻找关键段落和关键句子

特别注意第一段和最后一段；同时注意每一段头一句话和最后一句话；

寻找观点性、归纳性和概括性句子，注意由 in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in

conclusion 和 in brief 等“信号词”引导的句子.

2.看标题

标题即为主旨句的压缩表达

真题再现：

People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had

steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others

prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit.

Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft

drink.

1.The passage mainly talks about _____.

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A. people have different tastes in food

B. people have different tastes in music

C. the importance of steak or other red meat

D. the coming back of French fries

答案：A

2.细节理解题

常见提问方式：

1.是非判断类型

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？

Which of the following statements is NOT true？

Which of the following is NOT considered as……？

2. 特殊疑问词提问类型

How many……？

What/who/when/where/how/why……?

3. 排序题类型

Which of the orders is correct according to the passage？

4. 例证题类型

The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……

解题方法：

1. 寻读（scanning )

抓住题干的关键词，带着关键词在文中寻找（关键词一般以动词，名词为多）。

2. 划关键词

敏感关键词出现的地方划线，

转折处和对比处：However, but, yet, in fact, although；举例处：as, such as, for example, for instance;

数字和年代处以及最高级和绝对性词汇：must, all, only, anyone, always, never 或 most, first.

真题再现：

Lisa was running late and her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But

as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to

the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired— maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night

before, she thought. What’s worse, she had a lot to do at work, so she rested herself against the wall.

before, she thought. What’s worse, she had a lot to do at work, so she rested herself against the wall.

What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness?

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A. She had run a long way.

B. She felt hot in the subway.

C. She had done a lot of work.

D. She had donated blood the night before.

答案：D

3、推理判断题

常见提问方式：

1. 态度观点题

According to the author, manufacturers think that _____.

How does the writer feel about_____？

2. 后续内容推断

In the next part, the author would most probably discuss_______.

3. 出处判断

The passage is probably taken from a ______.

4. 读者身份判断

Who are the intended readers of the passage?

解题方法：

言外之意题解题方法：最近原则、同义表达

不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好，相当于原文

的某句话变个说法。要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信

息，所以原文语句不能选。

推理判断题

真题再现：

Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great

talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes it’s a lot harder to

think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time

you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.

You need to build a positive self-image when you____

A. you want to be successful

B. feel it hard to change yourself

C. are unconfident about yourself

D. have a high opinion of yourself

答案：C

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4、词义猜测题

常见提问形式：

The underlined word “__”in the passage means __.

What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for?

The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.

The word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.

The word/phrase “__” in Line…, Para …refers to__

解题方法：

看上下文

找构词法

根据常识与经验

解题方法：看上下文

1. 根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义

在 be，be called，call 等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部

分，猜测生词的含义。例如：

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 6500 yuan a year.

2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在 but，however，yet，otherwise，though 这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后

的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。

例如:

She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A

A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly

答案：A

3. 根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一

范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词 and 或 or 来连接。

例如：

At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.

从“年龄 42 岁”以及与 prime 具有同等关系的 full of energy 可以猜出 prime 的意思是“盛年时

期”。

解题方法：看上下文

4. 根据列举的事例猜测词义

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You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language

Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”.

从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出 periodical 是“期刊，杂志”的意思。

解题方法：找构词法

5. 根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词

义。

Because of the storm, the valley was impassable.

A. not beautiful to look at B. not easy to pass

C. full of water D. more beautiful

答案：B

英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)

micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）

mis-（误，恶） im-（不）

un-（不，非） in-（不，非）

non-（不，非） -able（能…的）

-less（不，无） -wards (向)

真题再现：

All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them honestly, and to bring our

frustration into the open. People who have a row and then forget it are doing their health better than

those who bottle up their feelings.

Judging from the text, the word “row” in the third paragraph most probably means _________

A．a noisy quarrel

B．a boat journey

C．a good relationship

D．a cured disease

答案：A

技巧建议

猜题技巧

定位意识：

总体遵循的规律是题目与原文段落设置基本一致。

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2. 绝对词否决法：

答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all,

only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly 等。

3. 怀疑词判断法：

选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有 can, could, may, should,

usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not

necessarily 等。

4. 关键词对应法

选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。

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第四部分翻译

一、考情分析

1.考情分析

地区：安徽、江西、福建、浙江

题型：中译英

英译中

分值：10—15

体裁：说明文、议论文、记叙文为主

2.真题再现

The use of laughter therapy has been in hospital since the 1970s. A doctor in the US found that getting

his patient to laugh helped them recover better. His story was latter made the movie Patch Adams,

which starred Robin Willams. In India, Dr. Kadan Katria started a laughter club in 1995 to encourage

good health. From then on, this form of therapy has spread around the world.

People in these groups may feel uncomfortable at first because the laughter feels forced. But once they

give in and fully enjoy the 45-minute activity, people feel at ease. People who take part in laughter

therapy learn what sscientist have knew for years-laughter is the best therapy.

二、中英语言差异

差异一：繁复 VS 简短

英语：语言比较复杂，要用从句等内容表示

汉语：语言相对比较简单，以短句为主。

She will have her wedding in the church where she first met her fiance.

她要在教堂里举行婚礼, 她和未婚夫第一次见面就是在那里。

差异二：主动 VS 被动

英语：句子多倾向于使用被动句

汉语：无主句较多，可加主语用主动形式翻译。

It is said that he has published many books.

VS

据说他已经出版过很多书了。

差异三：句子平衡差异

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中文强调句子中的某个成分主语较长，英语相对平衡。

想起那些可怜的老人来真叫人伤心。

中式翻译：To think of those old poor people is very sad.

地道翻译： It is very sad to think of those old poor people.

差异四：中英词类不对等

英语中名词的使用频率较高，汉语中使用动词的概率较大，因此在英翻汉时，要灵活处理。

The sight of that big tree reminded me of my childhood.

一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。

三、英汉互译解题思路

难在哪？

1.句子结构的判断

2.词汇的准确选择

1.句子结构

简单句

只含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词或(并列的谓语动词)，宾语可有可无

The sun rise. 主语＋谓语（vi.)

He loves his wife. 主语＋谓语（vt.)+宾语

He feels cold. 主语＋系动词+表语

He makes me very happy. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补

He gave me a book. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

复合句

a. 并列句

并列句是由并列连词 and，but，or 等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连

在一起而构成的句子。

其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句

b.主从复合句(主句+引导词＋从句)

1.通读全句判断句型（简单句 or 复合句）

2. 简单句复合句

抓主干确定主谓确立重心翻译主句

3. 添加枝叶定状补添加次要信息调整位置

四、英译汉解题方法

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1、顺译法

也就是说按照英语表达的层次顺序，依次翻译英语句子，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一

致。

I tried to understand what he said at the meeting.

我尽力理解他在会上说的每一句话。

2、逆译法

也就是对于句子结构复杂的英语句子，可以先翻译全句的后部，在依次向前逆序翻译前面的句

子。例如：

It was so sad to think of those endangered animals.

想起那些濒危动物来真叫人伤心。

不定式作形式主语是把真正主语提前

也就是对于句子结构复杂的英语句子，可以先翻译全句的后部，在依次向前逆序翻译前面的句

子。例如：

Last year, he taught Chinese to the British in London.

去年他在伦敦教英国人中文。

3、词类转译法

由于英语和汉语是两种悬殊甚大的不同的语言体系，所以在语言结构与表达方式上都存在很大

的差异，这就要求我们对原文中的一些词语的词性进行转化（如：动词转化为名词，形容词转

化为名词等），才能使译文畅通。

例如：

The sight of that big tree reminded me of my childhood.

一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。

[分析]名词转化为动词

4、分译法

也就是采取化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子，顺序基本不变，前后保持

连贯。例如：

Beyond two or three days the world's best weather forecasts are speculative and beyond six or seven

they are worthless.

世界上最准确的天气预报足以推测出两三天之内的天气，然而对于六七天后的天气预测就毫无

价值可言。

[分析]本句是并列句，为了使句子结构匀称，就把 and 连接的句子分开翻译。

5、增补法

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有些英语字句如果照字面的意思翻译，意念是不完整的，必须根据意义、修辞或句法的需要增

补一些汉语，才能更加忠实于原文，使原文的思想更完整地再现。例如：

We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities.

我们需要清新的空气，但遗憾的是，空气污染普遍存在，在城市中尤其如此。

[分析]本句为了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表达不完整，增加了“如此”。

6、省译法

由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异，原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘，

不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下，就要省略一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等省去不译，

但是不能影响原文的意义表达。

例如：

There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.

天未下雪，但叶落草枯。

[分析]在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚，所以省译了 from the trees.

实战演练 1

Farmers all over the world know the importance and immutability of the seasons. They know that

there is a season to plant and a season to harvest；Everything must be done in its own time. Although

the rain pours down with the utmost relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field

lifts his face to the heavens and smiles

分析句子成分，借助符号系统。

Immutable Adj.不可改变的，永恒的

Relent V. 怜悯，变得温和

Farmers (all over the world)// know the importance and immutability (of the seasons). They //know

that there is a season( to plant) and a season (to harvest)；Everything //must be done (in its own time).

Although the rain pours down (with the utmost relentlessness), (ceasing all outdoor activities), the

man of the field// lifts his face (to the heavens and smiles. )

参考译文：全世界的农民们都明白季节的重要性和永恒性。他们知道在哪个季节播种，哪

个季节收获，每件事都必须应时而做！虽然暴雨无情地倾盆而下，迫使所有的户外劳作停止，

但土地的主人会仰天微笑。

实战演练 2

请用汉语翻译下面的英语句子：

If you do not leave me, we will die together.

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翻译一：如果你不离开我，我们会死在一起。（中学水平）

翻译二：如果不滚开，我就和你同归于尽。（四级水平）

翻译三：你若不离不弃，我必生死相依。（六级水平）

翻译四：问世间情为何物？直教人生死相许。（八级水平）

翻译五：天地合，乃敢与君绝。（专家水平）

翻译六：你在或不在，爱就在那里，不增不减。(活佛水平)

五、汉译英解题步骤

如：在春天的一个早上，我和哥哥兴致勃勃的去郊游。

汉译英翻译步骤：

1、断句。中文句子较短，首先判断哪些句子应该放在一起翻译。

2、找动词（核心谓语动词）。判断句子中哪个动词重要，哪个不重要。

3、找连词（在多个分句同时存在时使用）；

4、翻译；

5、重读。

简单句

例1. 汉译英

长途旅行之后，他们看起来很疲惫。

Step1：判断是简单句

Step2：主干：他们看起来很疲惫

Step3：They looked very tired.

Step4: 长途旅行之后做时间状语

Step5：They looked very tired after long travel.

注意：翻译英语里面的一系列状语时，必须按照方式状语、地点状语、时间状语的顺序。英语

中的时间状语，地点状语等一般置于句后。

E.g.

昨天，他在房间独自做作业。

He did his homework by himself in the room yesterday.

例 2 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。

Step1：判断是简单句

Step2：主干：一部电影即将开拍。

Step3：A film will be made.

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Step4: 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士做状语

Step5：A film will be made in honor of those brave firefighters.

五、汉译英解题步骤

复合句

如何找核心谓语动词？谓语动词的层次性

如何判断句子主次？

句子中最主要的动词作为句子的“核心谓语”，

其次重要的是“非谓语动词或从句”，

再次重要的是“介词”或“短语”，

最不重要的“不翻译”。

例 1. 我只记得门警是瑞典的兵士，穿着黄色的制服。

我只记得//门警 //是瑞士的兵士，//穿着黄色的制服。

核心谓语动词：记得

从句动词: 是

非谓语动词：穿着

翻译: I only remembered that the guards at the gate were Swedish soldiers ，wearing yellow

uniforms.

例 2. 面对这么困难的任务，我们必须尽全力去把它完成。

核心动词：尽力完成

非谓语动词：面对

Facing such difficult tasks，we should try our best to finish them.

例 3. 我做自我介绍时，他靠得很近。

核心谓语：靠得很近

从句：自我介绍

He moved close to me as I introduced myself.

一些重要的句型

1) It is＋形容词＋that （----是------)

It is necessary that we should learn English.

2）祈使句／名词＋and/ or

Work hard, and you will be able to realize your dream.

more important than to receive education.

3）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as （---是---的几倍）

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The land is three times as big as it was ten years ago.

4）Nothing is more... than（没有比……更……的；…是最……的）

Nothing is more important than to receive education.

5）It is undoubted that…/ There is no doubt that… （毫无疑问…）

There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.

6）not... until（直到……才）

We can't release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.

7）It is taken for granted that（……被认为是理所当然的）

It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.

8）It is/ was said/reported/ believed…that…

It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy.

9）When it comes to...（提及，当提到……的时候）

When it comes to physics，I know nothing.

10）As far as sb.／sth. is concerned

（就……而言，在……看来）

As far as I am concerned, fashion .belongs to women.

六、实战演练

那时这被认为是一次技术革命，也是我人工智能研究的开始。

It was considered a technological revolution and the start of my study of artificial intelligence at that

time.

2.就我所知，她已经很长时间没有他消息了。

As far as I know, she hasn't heard from him for a long time.

3. 说到数学和英语，这两科是我的弱项。

When it comes to English and Math, they are the two subject I am poor at.

4. 据说他是在回家的的路上遭到枪击的。

It was said that he had been shot on his way home.

5、几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。

After so many difficulties, I found a job at the gold mine.

Experiencing many difficulties, I found a job at the gold mine.

Experiencing several twists and turns, I found a job at the gold mine.

【翻译真题】

1. My mother was the most beautiful woman I ever saw. All I am I owe to my mother. I attribute all

my success in life to the moral intellectual and physical education I received from her .

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我的母亲是我见过的最漂亮的女人，我所有的一切都归功于我的母亲，我一生中所有的成就都

归功于我从她那儿得到的德、智、体的教育。

2. 比尔盖茨擅长编程，其中一个原因就在于编程蕴含了运算与逻辑，他在湖畔学校的那段时

间，在一次数学测验中取得了完美的 800 分。取得这样的成绩对他来说是至关重要的，为

了取得这个成绩他必须不止一次的参加这个测试。

Bill Gates is good at programming.

Bill Gates is skilled in programming.

One of the reasons is that programming contains operation and logic.

One of the reasons lies in that operation and logic is contained in programming.

During his time at lakeside school Bill Grates got a perfect eight hundred in a mathematics test.

During his time at lakeside school Bill Grates accomplished a perfect eight hundred in a mathematics

test.

It was extremely important for him to get this grade

It is vital to him to get this grade.

for which he had to take the test more than once.

For this achievement, he must take the test more than once.

Bill Gates is good at programming. One of the reasons is that programming contains operation and

logic. During his time at lakeside school Bill Grates got a perfect eight hundred in a mathematics test.

It was extremely important for him to get this grade, for which he had to take the test more than once.

Bill Gates is skilled in programming. One of the reasons lies in that operation and logic is contained in

programming. During his time at lakeside school Bill Grates accomplished a perfect eight hundred in

a mathematics test. For this achievement, he must take the test more than once.

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第五部分作文

一、考情分析

1.考情分析（部分）

地区年份学段题数主题分

值

字数

安徽 2013 小学 1 作为老师，你对家长给孩子报艺术班的看法 20 150

安徽 2014 小学 1 终生学习对教师的重要性 20 150

福建 2013 中学 1 增进与留学生关系 20 180

福建 2014 小学 1 宏扬雷锋精神 20 150

江西 2013 小学 1 压力是否有害 15 150

江西 2014 初中 1 节约粮食 15 120

2.社会热点类的题目：

建议准备：

1. 健康类的（health）

2. 文化类（culture communication; globalization)

3. 环保类（environment protection)

4. 娱乐类（talent show) 选秀节目

5. 社会问题（graduates; job hunting)就业

3.教育教学类

1.如何做学生的朋友？

2. 如何做一名英语老师？

3. 如何提高学生学习英语的自信？

二、审题立意

1.快速写作的基本策略

审题：体裁，时态，主题、段首句、提示、图表说明，字数

提纲：开头-主体-结尾

成文：过渡语，连接词

检查

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审题常见问题：

漏题 – 题目很长，易漏掉题目中的某些重要信息。

e.g. How to Develop Primary School Students’ Reading Ability? (江西真题）

偏题 – 混淆背景信息介绍和写作指令

e.g.武汉市有关部门在某报征文，就节日期间城区燃放烟花爆竹，广泛征求市民意见。请

你根据武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设要求，结合自己在春节，元宵节期间的所见所闻，

谈谈想法，并提出合理化的建议。（武汉真题）

3. 标题写作

请以 "THE BEST WAY TO SATY HEALTHY"为论题来说明保持健康的最佳方法，判断下面题目

的合理性。

1 .The Best Way to Stay Healthy

2. Happy

3. The Best Way to Stay Healthy is to Have a Good Attitude

4. The More Exercise, the More Healthy

5. The Best Way to Stay Healthy: A Balanced Diet or Physical Exercise?

6. Doing Physical Exercise: The Best Way to Stay Healthy

题目变形记

1. Happy----To Keep Healthy is to Keep Happy

2. The Best Way to Stay Healthy is to Have a Good Attitude---

3. Sound in Mind, Sound as a Bell

4. The More Exercise, the More Healthy---No Exercise, No Health

5. The Best Way to Stay Healthy:A Balanced Diet or Physical Exercise?

6. A Balanced Diet: The Best Way to Stay Healthy

标题写作 tips

1. 命题作文必必须须有有标题

2. 书写规范

the best way to stay healthy;

The Best Way to Stay Healthy

THE BEST WAY TO STAY HEALTHY

2.1 除冠词、并列连词、介词、助动词以外所有单词首字母大写；第一个单词和冒号后单词不

论词性首字母大写；

2.2 所有字母大写

练一练

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1. the longer, the better

1. The longer, the Better

2. work to live or live to work

2. Work to Live or Live to Work

3. the heart of the matter

3. The Heart of the Matter

4. friendship between you and me

4. Friendship Between You and Me

4. 体裁

议论文：要求学生对某一观点和想法提供自己的意见，并且在文章中尽力说服读者。

如：大学生兼职；名校校园成为旅游热点

例：以“How to Be a Good Teacher?”为题，写一篇不少于 100 词的短文

应用文：书信，通知，演讲稿，倡议书等

9 月 22 日是“世界无车日”你所在的班级将以“everyone is the winner on Car Free Day”

为主题开展一场英语演讲比赛，请写一篇演讲稿。

5. 时态

日记、记叙文：一般过去时为主；

议论文、说明文、科普文、应用文：一般现在时为主，且被动语句多；

书信：看具体的情况而定，有可能过去、现在、将来几种时态

三、文章框架

三段式：

引言：开门见山，点名主题（提出主题）

主体：列举论据，支撑观点（论证主题）

结论：总结概括，表达情感（重述主题）

首段

开门见山

-Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....

-Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the need for....

名人名言

-A proverb says "You are only young once.

（适用记住的名言）

-It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.

（适用自编的名言）

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或：as everyone knows, no one can deny that…

数字统计

-Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具

是自行车。

-A recent statistics shows that…

-According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after

their graduation.

自问自答

-Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...But in my opinion , ......

-What is a good student? Different people may have different answer to this question. But I think…

首段万能句

1. With the development of science and technology/society, more and more people believe that...

2. People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that....

句

3. Different people hold different attitudes towards (failure).

4. There are different opinions among people as to..

中间段：

一定要有中心句

1）中间段:

发展段，用于发展、拓宽开头段中揭示出的文章的主题的段落；

文章不论长短，每个段落都必须为主题服务；

2）中心句:

段落展开的逻辑起点，一般为第一句话；

对于给出提示的考题，一般它分段的提示就可以写成一个中心句。

三、文章框架

观点阐述举例：

1）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally

2）to start with, next, in addition, finally

3）first and foremost, besides, last but not least

4）most important of all, moreover, finally

5）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用两点的情况）

6）for one thing, for another thing（适用两点的情况）

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段落的展开

1）展开方法：根据不同的题材可以选择使用不同的展开方法，也可以同时使用几种。

A.对比法：将不同现象、观点、看法等进行比较；对比的双方可能没有利害冲突，也可能互相

对立。

eg. my view on job-hopping

相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast,

on the contrary, compared with

B.因果法：这类作文一般都是先有个结论性的东西，然后让你做进一步的解释和说明。如果是

现象，则解释现象产生的原因;如果是态度，则表明你为何选择这种态度。

eg. The career I plan to choose

C. 危害/原因对策法

eg: How to solve the problem of private cars

考察我们分析问题解决问题的能力

危害

原因（不同主体:国家政府、社会、媒体、个人）

对策

练一练：How to solve the problem of heavy traffic？

可以先给出多种方案，如：Two solutions can be used to solve the problem.然后 first、second 分别

进行展开。也可以只提供一种思路并给出相应的原因，如 Many solutions to solving the problem of

heavy traffic have been offered，among which I prefer opening up more bus lines to reducing the

number of bicycles and cars.这是对于一个发展段而言的，两个发展段的中心句则最好能互相呼

应，句式也最好一致。

写作常用句型梳理：

A.说明原因的句型

-There are some\two\many good reasons for\to do something.

-There are two good reasons for the changes in the way that people communicate with each other.

-The reason for…is that

B.表示不同看法的句型：

-Some believe that…others argue that…still others maintain that…

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-Some people hold the opinion that.

-They differ greatly in their attitude towards pollution problem.

C.举例表示法

for example，for instance，let’s share an example，a good case in point…

D.辩论型议论文中常用的句型：

There is no doubt that…

It is obvious\clear that…

As is known to all…

It goes without saying that…

What is more important…

I am convinced that….

E.概述(用于图表作文)：

According to the figures given in the table…

This chart shows that…

As is shown by the graph…

It can be seen from the statistics that…

There is a slight\slow\rapid rise\ increase\ decrease\ fall\ drop in

income\price\population\\production…

结尾段：

1、结论式结尾：

-Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that...

-Thus, it can be concluded that…,

-Therefore, we can find that…

或者 to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus ...

2、建议式结尾：

-Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

-Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

-Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

3.重复主题句

如“I Love My Home Town”的结尾：

eg: I love my home town, and I love its people.

4.展望式结语

eg: (I believe that ) with our efforts，our children will enjoy themselves under the blue sky.（雾

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霾）

四、真题解析

1. 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班，对这种做法有人表示支持，有人表示不赞成。作为

老师，你认为......

首段:

Should parents send children to art classes? Some people hold that art classes provide perfect

opportunities for the future development of children, but others deem that art classes are heavy

burdens for the kids. As a teacher, I believe that the value of art class can be found only when children

owns the right to decide which one they would like to take.

展开段：

As the famous saying goes, interest is the best teacher.

Children will learn with more motivation if they choose what they like. Besides, taking art classes

blindly will only bring burden to the children. It takes time and effort to learn a certain skill, and

children may feel tired and exhausted to deal with these tasks.

结尾段：

Based on the above analysis, it is not wise for the parents to let children take various art classes.

Children should own the right to choose whether to take art classes or not and what kinds of classes

they want to attend.

2. 当今社会生活节奏快，竞争激烈，许多人产生了不同程度的心理健康问题。请结合生活实际

分析人们产生心理健康的原因并谈谈该如何保持心理健康。

要求：

1. 分析产生心理健康问题的原因不少于 3 点；

2. 行文流畅，逻辑严密；

3. 150 字左右

首段：

There is no denying that mental health is of great importance to people. Nowadays, many people

suffer from mental illness, which severely affects their life.

展开段：

The cause of mental health problems often varies a lot from one case to another. In today’s society, a

good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure. Others lack communication skills. In

addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.

结尾段：

Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems. Firstly, find the

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real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something about it. Secondly,

learn to relax yourself and take exercises to release the pressure. Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk

to your partner or friend about your problem, or seek support and advice form a psychological

consultant.

3. For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic, How to Develop Primary School

Students' Reading Ability ? You should write at least 100 words following the outline given below in

Chinese

1) 阅读能力的培养在小学英语学习中的重要性；

2) 如何培养学生的阅读能力（应包含阅读兴趣，方法和途径)

3) 结束语。

首段：

As a main channel to acquire a language, reading ability holds a unique position in the English

learning. During the course of reading, specifically, primary school students can not only see the

written text of a foreign language directly, but also feel the invisible culture behind it unconsciously.

展开段：

Firstly, to get really interested, students shall be encouraged to read more. Habit is a second nature.

Once students form the habit of reading, they will not think of it as a boring chore, but a happy

journey.

展开段：

Secondly, students shall be furnished with appropriate reading materials, which must be funny and

instructive at once. Finally, students shall have the access to immediate advice from their teachers, so

as to overcome difficulties which pop up every now and then. Only in this way, can the reading habit

be sustained.

结尾段：

Therefore, given the crucial importance in a successful language learning, every possible effort

should be made to improve students' reading ability.

4. 以 On Aging of the population 为题，写一篇长为 120－150 词的小作文。

首段：

People in China are living longer and longer while new born babies are insufficient to take place of

them. As a result, china has become an aging society, with the population over 60 reaching 134

million, or more than 10 percent of the country’s 1.3 billion total.

展开段：

The aging of the population is putting increasingly serious pressure on both society and family.

National expenditure for the aging population is always on the increase. To make matters worse, a

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declining proportion of the working population is likely to hinder the economic development. As for

the young couples, they are struggling harder and harder to support their old parents while raising their

children at the same time.

结尾段：

Among the following three ways to address, the first is to pay due attention to guaranteeing the basic

living standards of the elderly and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests.

结尾段：

Secondly, the elderly should be given full chance to play an active role in our social life and make a

contribution to the whole society. Last but not least, we should persist in our efforts to develop the

market which provides products for the elderly and stimulate the growth of our economy.

五、高分技巧

高分技巧

词汇逆袭：

I think

I believe/hold/insist/suppose/suggest/consider

In my opinion/view…

As for me, I….

As I see it, ….

As far as I am concerned, …

From my point of view, …. / My view is that….

From my personal perspective…

Personally, I think….

技

巧

1. 使用较高级的词汇

3. 使用恰当的连接词

2. 使用较丰富的句式

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Important；vital；critical；crucial；key；major；essential；significant；indispensable

句式逆袭：

1. China is a big country. It has a large population.

1. China is a big country with a large population.

2. We should take measures to improve this situation.

2. Measures should be taken to improved this situation.

3. It is important to be active in life.

3. Being active in life is important.

3. To be active in life is important.

4. If it is necessary, you can turn to your teacher for help.

4. If necessary, you can turn to your teacher for help.

5. It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up.

5. The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everybody.

练一练

简单句变复杂句

1. The young pilot was on his first overseas training.

2. He felt very uneasy.

1. The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.

2. The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.

3. The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.

4. The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.

5. Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.

6. The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.

7. The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.

连接词逆袭

引入主题：As we all know, It is quite clear that ..., It is well known that ...

承启方式：clearly/ obviously, At the same time..., When it comes to..., There is no doubt that ...

结尾段：As for me..., In my opinion, All in all, To summarizer up, Consequently

结论归纳类：generally speaking, to some extent, obviously, all in all, in conclusion,

让步类: although, in spite of, even though, after all

强调类：indeed, in fact, more over, furthermore, in addition

因果关系：because, since, owing to ..., due to, result from

关键词拓展：

解决方法类---常见社会问题原因

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重视经济利益 think highly of economic benefit

缺乏监管 … is in the absence of effective supervision

执法不严 The government has not carried out laws strictly.

道德缺乏 … lack basic moral standards

漠视法律 … ignore the rules of laws

问题 1：重视经济利益

take human interests seriously instead of financial

问题 2：缺乏监管

The government should take effective measures to supervise the market.

问题 3：执法不严 …should perform laws strictly

问题 4：道德缺乏 improve basic morals

问题 5：漠视法律 pay great attention to the role of laws

解决方法类---常见生活问题原因：

1. 缺乏正确价值观 lake the correct values

2. 社会的发展变化带来不同观念 the develop of society brings different values and conditions.

3.面临太大压力 sb is under too much stress

4. 对别人/ 社会要求过高 ask too much others/ the society

5. 有心理疾病 have emotional disease

第六部分英语人文知识第一章英美概况

一、美国概况

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国旗：星条旗，50 颗星（50 个州）+13 个红白相间的条纹（建国伊始的 13 块殖民地）

一、基本情况

1.美国最大的州是阿拉斯加州（Alaska State），位于太平洋东海岸，1867 年从俄国购得。

2.美国本土最大的州是得克萨斯州（Texas），最小的州是罗德岛（Rhode Island）。

3.美国五大湖（The Great Lakes）：苏必利尔湖（Lake Superior）, 休伦湖（Lake Huron）, 密歇

根湖（Lake Michigan）, 伊利湖（Lake Eire）和安大略湖（Lake Ontario）。其中，苏必利尔湖是

世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全在美国境内。

二、美国历史

独立战争：1776 年 7 月 4 日，托马斯·杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）起草《独立宣言》（Declaration

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of Independence）。1812 年战争(the War of 1812)美国和英国间的最后一场战争。

美国内战/南北战争（the Civil War，1861-1864）：南北双方为奴隶制存废问题发生的冲突。美

国总统亚伯拉罕•林肯（Abraham Lincoln）主张废除奴隶制。

二战：珍珠港事件(Pearl Harbour Incident ，1941)后，美国参战。

战后，1949 年成立北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization，NATO）。

越南战争（the Vietnam war，1950-1975）是美国历时最久的战争

三、美国政治

立法、司法和行政三权分立（checks and balances）的政治体制。

立法权（legislative）：

国会行使，参议院(the Senate)+众议院(the House of Representatives; the Lower House)。

行政权（executive）：总统，每届任期四年，可连任一次。

司法权（judicial）：美国联邦最高法院（Supreme Court）享有司法审查权，可以审查国会制定的

法律。

政党：民主党（Democratic Party ）+共和党（Republican Party）

四、美国经济

大萧条（The Great Depression），是指 1929 年至 1933 年之间全球性的经济大衰退。1933 年，富

兰克林·罗斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）就任美国第 33 届总统，他实施的罗斯福新政（Roosevelt's new

deal）使美国经济转危为安，他也是美国四大总统之一。

五、美国社会

Martin Luther King："I have a dream"

1964, 加州大学伯克利分校，自由言论运动（Free Speech Movement)

20 世纪 60 年代反文化运动（counterculture)(民权运动、妇女解放、反战等）

1. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in ____ .

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A. the American West

B. the Great Plains

C. the Midwest

D. the Middle Atlantic States

2. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”, we are referring to ____ .

A.The Missouri River

B. the Mississippi River

C. the Colorado River

D. The Ohio River

3．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.

A．Washington D.C

B．Los Angeles

C．San Francisco

D．New York City

4．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.

A．the Star-Spangled Banner

B．Uncle Sam

C．Hot Dog

D．Union Jack

5．The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.

A．France

B．Spain

C．Italy

D．Britain

6. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was

issued by（）.

A. Abraham Lincoln B. Thomas Paine

C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson

7. _____ was a protest movement by American youth that arose in 1960s.

A. Counter Culture Movement

B .The Women’s Movement

C. Anti-War Movement

D. Free Speech Movement

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答案：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A

二、英国概况

The UK is an _island__ country.

The UK is located in the _northwestern__ Europe.

The UK is a country of island surrounded by

__North Sea to its east, Atlantic Ocean to its north,

_Irish Sea to its west and between Great Britain and

Ireland, and __English Channel and Strait of

Dover to its south.

一、基本情况

全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

UK）。

组成:英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）、威

尔士(Welsh)和北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)。

国歌：《天佑女王》（God Save the Queen）。

首都：伦敦，英国的政治文化中心，欧洲第一大城。

England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.

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Capital: London

Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.

Capital: Edinburgh

Wales is in the west of Great Britain.

Capital: Cardiff

Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK.

Capital: Belfast

二、政治历史

英国大宪章（Great Charter, 1215) 限制王权，为之后君主立宪奠定基础。

英法百年战争（Hundred Years' War，1337-1453）

玫瑰战争（Wars of the Roses，1455 年–1487 年）

1588 年英国击败西班牙“无敌舰队”（Armada Invencible），树立海上霸权。

资产阶级革命（bourgeois revolution ) （1640-1688；资产阶级 VS. 新贵族）

光荣革命（Glorious Revolution）（1688）

通过《权利法案》（Bill of Rights）, 确定了君主立宪制的政体（Constitutional Monarchy）

英国概况

第一次工业革命（Industrial Revolution），标志为 17 世纪末第一台蒸汽机的发明。（James Watt,

steam engine)

1973 年加入欧共体（European Community，EU），即后来的欧盟。

首相：撒切尔夫人（Margaret Thatcher ）是英国第一位女首相。

国会：王室（crown）+下议院/平民院(House of Commons)+上议院/贵族院( House of Lords)

大选：每五年一次

政党：工党（Liberal party），代表中产阶级和知识分子，为英国第一大党。

保守党(Conservative party），代表中上阶层的党，前身为托利党(The Troies)。

三、英国经济

50s-60s 稳定发展阶段

70s 经济萧条

80s 经济恢复

（British Disease 英国病指二战后英国经济增长缓慢，经济上的衰退）

练一练

1.The British Parliament has a maximum duration of ___ years.

A. four B. six C. eight D. five

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2. Between 1337 and 1453 the ___ took place in Britain.

A. Wars of Roses B. Hundred Years’ War

C. Black Death D. Peasants Uprising

3. Great Britain is made up of three __ ______, England in the East , Scotland in the __ _____, and

Wales in the Southwest .

4. The weather in England is so ____ ________ that the English often carry an ____ ______ or

raincoat with them when they go out.

5. Which zone doesn’t lie in Great Britain?

A. Scotland B. England

C. Northern Ireland D. Wales

答案：1.D 2.B 3. parts north_ 4. changeable_ umbrella 5.C

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第二章英美文学

一、英国文学

英国文学

一、古英语时期（499-1066）

二、中古英语时期（1066-1500）

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考点一三种文学形式

Romance 忠诚，勇敢上层文学 Eg. King Arthur

Ballad 下层文学 Robinhood

Poetry William Langland Piers the Plowman (《农夫皮尔斯》，作者：威廉兰格伦）

考点二 Geoffrey Chaucer（1343-1400）

the father of English poetry

heroic couplet （英雄双韵体）

London dialect---modern English

The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》

humanist 人文主义

三、文艺复兴时期

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考点一：Utopia

Thomas More.

空想社会主义雏形

考点二：Edmund Spenser

首创 Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗节

The Faerie Queen 《仙后》 12 个骑士 12 个故事

考点三：Francis Bacon

Essays

Of Studies，Of Beauty, Of Youth and Age

英国唯物主义哲学家

考点四：Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗马洛

1.英国悲剧之父、英国文艺复兴戏剧真正创始人

2.The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》

3.the University Wits （大学才子派）

考点五： Shakespeare

练一练

The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.

A. Geographical exploration

B. Religious reformation

C. Publishing and translation

D. Humanism

答案：D

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四、资产阶级革命复辟时期 17th

背景：资产阶级革命——宗教改革

清教 VS 英国国教

清教文学 John Milton ; John Bunyan（班扬）

玄学派诗人 metaphysics： John Donne

考点一： John Donne 玄学派创始人，奇喻（conceits）

The Flea 《跳蚤》

Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》

练一练

At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson,

____is the founder of metaphysical poetry.

A Ben Johnson B. John Milton

C. John Bunyan D. John Donne

答案：D

考点二：John Milton

革命诗人，民主斗士

代表作品：The Paradise Lost 《失乐园》

（赞颂民众反抗精神）

Samson Agonistes 《大力参孙的故事》（自传性质）

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Areopagitica 《论出版自由》

John Bunyan

代表作：The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》

基督徒的朝圣宗教寓言

The most successful religious allegory in English.

五、启蒙运动时期 18th

考点一：The Age of Enlightenment/ Reason

中心思想: reason & democracy & science

考点二：Richard Steele &Joseph Addison

The Tatler and The Spectator《闲谈者》和《旁观者》

考点三：

Alexander Pope（1688-1744）1. 18 世纪英国最伟大诗人、讽刺家

2. 代表作： An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》

18 世纪中后期小说

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考点一：Daniel Defoe( 1660-1731）

“英国和欧洲小说之父”；

Robinson Crusoe；《鲁宾逊漂流记》

考点二: Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)

讽刺小说大师；

Gulliver’s Travels；《格列佛游记》

A Modest Proposal；《一个小小的建议》

考点三：Samuel Richardson (1689–1761);

Pamela 《帕米拉》（书信体形式）

考点四：Henry Fielding (1707-1754)：

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

《弃儿汤姆琼斯史》

(英国现实主义小说的最高成就)

18 世纪中后期感伤主义诗歌

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考点一： William Blake

代表作：

Songs of Innocence 《天真之歌》

Songs of Experience 《经验之歌》

考点二： Thomas Gray

代表作：

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 《墓园挽歌》

考点三： Laurence Sterne（1713-1768）

1. 感伤主义小说家的杰出代表

2. 代表作：

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman 《项狄传》

A Sentimental Journey 《多情客游记》

考点四：Oliver Goldsmith（1730-1774）

代表作：

The Deserted Village 《荒村》

练一练

1.____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".

A. The Pilgrim’s Progress

B. Tom Jones

C. Robison Crusoe

D. Colonel Jack

2.In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag",

"Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?

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A. The Pilgrim’s Progress

B. The Faririe Queene

C. Gulliver’s travels

D. The School of Scandal

答案：1.B 2.C

六、维多利亚时期 19th

考点一：前浪漫主义时期 Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯

苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人;

A Red, Red Rose 《一朵红红的玫瑰》

Auld Lang Syne 《友谊地久天长》 (old long since)

考点二：浪漫主义时期湖畔派

2.1 William Wordsworth（1770-1850）

“消极浪漫主义” 自然，农民，I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; 《我似一朵孤独的流云》

The Solitary Reaper 《孤独的刈麦者》

2.2 Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772-1834)

Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》（与华兹华斯合著): Marks the real English romantic literature

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》

考点三积极浪漫主义

革命诗人

3.1 George Gordon Byron（ 1788-1824） Don Juan 《唐璜》

3.2 Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）

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Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》

Prometheus Unbound 《被缚的普罗米修斯》

3.3 John Keats（1795-1821）

Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》

Ode to a Grecian Urn 《古瓮颂》

考点四：19 世纪下半期：批判现实主义小说家

Emily Bronte（1818-1848 ） Wuthering Heights

Charlotte Bronte （1816-1855） Jane Eyre 《简爱》

Jane Austen(1775-1817) Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》

Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928):

Tess of the D’ Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》自然主义悲观

Charles Dickens （ 1812-1870）:

Olive Twist 《雾都孤儿》

David Copperfield 《大卫科波菲尔》

Hard Times 《艰难时代》

A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》

Great Expectations 《远大前程》

练一练

1. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary form.

A. prose B. poetry C. fiction D. play

2. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is ________.

A. Wordsworth B. Austen

C. Byron D. Keats

3. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is ________

A. Wordsworth B. Austen

C. Byron D. Keats

4. Jane Austen’s first novel is __________.

A.Pride and Prejudice B.Sense and Sensibility

C.Emma D.Plan of a Novel

答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B

七、20th 英国文学

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考点一：James Joyce ( 1882-1941 )

Ulysse 《尤利西斯》

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》

Finnegan’s Wake 《芬尼根的守灵夜》

考点二：Thomas Stearns Eliot :

象征主义，意象主义

The Waste Land 《荒原》英语语言文体中最长的诗

考点三：Samuel Beckett

Waiting For Godot 《等待戈多》

二、美国文学

美国文学

一、独立革命前后的文学（1607-1865)

Part 1. Colonial Period 殖民地时期（1607-1775）

John Smith 约翰·史密斯

A True Relation of Virginia 《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》

——美国文学“第一书”、美国历史的“第一书”；第一位美国作家

William Bradford 威廉·布拉福德

“美国历史之父”；

History of Plymouth Plantation 《普利茅斯种植园史》

Anna Bradstreet 安妮·布拉德斯特里特

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》

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Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林；1706-1790 ；

Poor Richard’s Almanac 《穷查理年鉴》

The Way to Wealth 《致富之道》

The Autobiography 《自传》

参与撰写了《独立宣言》

Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩 1737-1809；

Common Sense《常识》；American Crisis 《美国危机》

Philip Freneau (1752-1832) 菲利普·弗伦诺

1. 爱国诗人，革命诗人

2. 代表作：

The Rising Glory of America 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》

The Wild Honeysuckle 《野金银花》

Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰佛逊 1743—1826；

Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》美国第三任总统

二、American Romanticism（1820-1855）

考点一：

主题：用充满激情的夸张方式表现理想与愿望；

倡导重视个人、追求自立的思想（与当时依然浓重的宗教感情和宿命思想针锋相对）；

表现人与自然的关系

考点二：

Part 1. American Romanticism(1820-1835)

Part 2. New England Transcendentalism(1836-1855)

考点三：

起止标志：起： The Sketch Book《见闻札记》

止： Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》

考点四：

超验主义又称为美国文艺复兴 American Renaissance

美国文学 American Romanticism（1820-1855）

考点五：Part 1. American Romanticism(1820-1835)

Washington Irving 华盛顿•欧文 1783-1859；

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美国文学之父 A History of New York 《纽约外史》

—美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作

The Sketch Book《见闻札记》美国文学史的开端；

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷传说》；

Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》。

考点六：Part 2. New England Transcendentalism(1836-1855)

1 Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生

Essays《散文集》；

Nature（1836）《论自然》文学界的独立宣言

—— The Bible of New England Transcendentalism

2 Henry David Thoreau 亨利•大卫•梭罗 1817-1862；

Walden（Life in the Woods）《瓦尔登湖》

Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔•霍桑

1. 19 世纪美国最受欢迎的浪漫主义小说家

2. The Scarlet Letter《红字》——反映清教徒殖民统治的黑暗及教会的虚伪与不公，象征手法

运用纯熟；

Edgar Allen Poe

1. 1809—1849

2. 侦探小说鼻祖

The Murders in the Rue Morgue 《莫格街谋杀案》

3. 代表作：The Raven《乌鸦》（叙事诗）

Herman Melville

1. 航海奇遇与异遇风情

2. 代表作

Typee 《泰比》

Moby Dick 《莫比迪克》/ 《白鲸》

the first American prose epic 美国第一部散文体史诗

Walt Whitman

1. Free verse

2. 美国现代诗歌之父

3. 代表作：Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》

练一练

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1.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New

England Transcendental Movement.

A. Walden B. The Pioneers

C. Nature D. "Song of Myself"

2. ___________is regarded as the first American prose epic.

A. Nature B. The Scarlet letter

C. Walden D. Moby Dick

答案：1.A 2.D

三、American Realism Period

（美国现实主义文学 1865 南北战争--1914 第一次世界大战）

考点一、美国现实主义：以理智的态度批判地看待美国社会，真实地反映美国现状，揭露社会

现实。

1.豪威尔斯

代表作：The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》

2. Henry James（1843-1916）

1. 描写上层社会人物

2. 代表作：Daisy Miller《黛西.米勒》

The American 《美国人》

3. Mark Twain（1835-1910）

1. Local Colorism（美国乡土文学）

2. 幽默讽刺作家（humor, sarcasm)

3. 语言特色：vernacular (本土、方言）

4. 代表作：

The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆索亚历险记》

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》

The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙》

Life on the Mississippi 《密西西比河上的生活》

The Innocents Abroad 《傻子国外旅行记》

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe（1811-1896）

代表作：Uncle Tom’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

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Part 2. American Naturalism

对现实主义的延续与发展，要求艺术家冷静观察，单纯地记录，以追求作品的绝对客观和准确，

强调人的生物性，拒绝在作品中分析，评判，还试图用自然科学规律特别是生物学的规律来解

释人和人类社会，故往往忽视对事物的本质进行艺术概括。

Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱赛

代表作：

Sister Carrie《嘉莉姐妹》

Trilogy of Desire（欲望三部曲）：

（Financier, 《金融家》；Titan,《巨人》；

The Stoic 《斯多葛》）

An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》

Jack London(1876-1916)

代表作：The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》

O. Henry(1862-1910)

1. 批判现实主义作家

2. 美国现代短篇小说之父

3. 代表作：

The Gift of Magi 《麦琪的礼物》

练一练

1. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is_________.

A. Sister Carrie B. An American Tragedy

C. The Financier D. The Titan

2. The novel the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by___

A. Henry James B. Mark Twain

C. Harriet Beecher Stowe D.O Henry

答案：1.B 2.B

四、美国现代主义文学(一战至二战期间）

考点一：1918-1929：the Jazz Age（享乐主义）

考点二：这一时期最引人注目的文学运动就是作家的自我流放，也称“第二次美国文艺复兴”。

考点三：“迷惘的一代”(lost generation)（一战造成）中最著名的有诗人庞德、肯明斯，小说家

海明威、福克纳。

考点四：“垮掉的一代”（beat generation)：二战造成

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Ezra Pound (1885—1972)

1. 意象派诗歌的创始人 Imagism

2. 代表作：

The Cantos《诗章》

In a Station of the Metro《在地铁站》

Robert Frost（1874－1963）

1. 作品主题永远是 New England

2. 代表作：

The Road Not Taken《未选之路》

Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening 《雪夜林边小驻》

考点四： The Lost Generation：

① Ernest Hemingway（1899-1961）

1）The Sun Also Rises 《太阳照常升起》

Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》

For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》

The Old Man and Sea 《老人与海》

② William Faulkner（1897—1962）

1） The Sound and the Fury; 《喧嚣与浮华》

As I lay dying《我弥留之际》;

Light in August《八月之光》

③ F Scott Fitzgerald（1896-1940） ·菲茨杰拉德

The Great Gatsby 《伟大的盖茨比》 “ the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz age”

Eugene Oneil(1888-1953) 尤金奥尼尔

1）美国戏剧之父（founder of the American drama)

2）代表作：

Beyond the Horizon《天边外》

Long Days Journey Into Night 《长夜漫漫路昭昭》

Sinclair Lewis（1885－1951）

1）首获诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家

2）代表作：Main Street《大街》

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练一练

1. Ezra Pound is a leading spokesman of the_________

A. Imagist Movement B. Chartist Movement

C. Modernist Movement D. Romantic Movement

2. The founder of the American drama is _______.

A. Arthur Miller B. Clifford Odets

C. Tennesee Williams D. Eugene O’Neill

答案：1.A 2.D

五、第二次世界大战后

时代背景：精神贫瘠

考点一：Part 1. The Beat Generation 垮掉的一代

Jack Kerouac：On the Road《在路上》

David Salinger：The Catcher in the Rye《麦田里的守望者》

William Burroughs：Naked Lunch《裸体午餐》

考点二：Part 2. Black Humor 黑色幽默

一种哭笑不得的幽默，20 世纪 60 年代美国重要的文学流派

影响最大的三部作品：

Joseph Heller: Catch-22 《22 条军规》

Kurt Vonnegut: Slaughterhouse Five 《五号屠宰场》

Thomas Pynchon: Gravity’s Rainbow 《万有引力之虹》

Documents

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主讲老师：吕媛媛 - upload.htexam.netupload.htexam.net/jiangyi/15070303462113165.pdf · 教师网课程第[2]页客服电话: 4006-01-9999 一般是在后面直接加s, photo-photos,