[edu.joshuatly.com] Gerak Gempur Perak 2010 SPM Chemistry.pdf

Gerak Gempur SPM Chemistry paper 1

1 Which of the following substances is made up of atoms?

Antara berikut, bahan yang manakah terdiri daripada atom?

A B C D

Iron Ferum Oxygen gas Gas oksigen Naphthalene Naftalena Sodium chloride Natrium klorida

2 The equation below shows the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid,

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindakbalas antara magnesium dan asid hidroklorik Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Which of the following statements is true? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar? [Relative atomic mass of H = 1. Mg = 24, Cl = 35.5] [Jisim atom relatif H = 1, Mg = 24, Cl = 35.5]

A B C D

1 g magnesium react with 2 g hydrochloric acid to produce 1 g magnesium chloride and 1 g hydrogen gas 1 g magnesium bertindak balas dengan 2 g asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 g magnesium klorida dan 1 g gas hidrogen 24 g magnesium react with 36.5 g hydrochloric acid to produce 95 g magnesium chloride and 2 g hydrogen gas 24 g magnesium bertindak balas dengan 36.5 g asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 95 g magnesium klorida dan 2 g gas hidrogen 1 mol magnesium react with 2 mol hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mol magnesium chloride and 1 mol hydrogen gas 1 mol magnesium bertindak balas dengan 2 mol asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 mol magnesium klorida dan 1 mol gas hidrogen 1 magnesium atom reacts with 2 hydrochloric acid molecule to produce 1 magnesium chloride molecule and 1 hydrogen gas molecule 1 atom magnesium bertindak balas dengan 2 molekul asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 molekul magnesium klorida dan 1 molekul gas hidrogen

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3 Which of the following chemists arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in The

Periodic Table ? Antara ahli kimia berikut, yang manakah menyusun unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala berdasarkan pertambahan jisim atom?

A B C D

Dmitri Mendeleev Johann Dobereiner John Newlands Henry Moseley

4 Element J has 11 electrons

Unsur J mempunyai 11 elektron. Which of the following electron arrangements represent ion J? Antara susunan elektron berikut, yang manakah mewakili ion J?

5 The ions that are present in copper(II) sulphate solution are

Ion-ion yang wujud dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat ialah

A B C

Cu2+, SO42- Cu2+, SO42-, H+ Cu2+, SO42-, OH-

A

D

C

B



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D Cu2+, SO42-, H+, OH-

6 Which of the following is a strong acid?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah asid kuat?

A B C D

Alkyl sulphonic acid Asid Alkil sulfonik Ethanoic acid Asid etanoik Palmitic acid Asid palmitik Nitric acid Asid nitrik

7 Which of the following is a salt ?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan garam?

A B C D

Lead (II) oxide Plumbum(II) oksida Barium hydroxide Barium hidroksida Aluminium nitrate Aluminium nitrat Hydrogen sulphate Hidrogen sulfat

8 Which of the following is true about manufactured substance in industry and its uses?

Antara yang berikut,,yang manakah benar tentang bahan buatan dalam industri dengan kegunaannya?

Manufactured substance in industry Bahan Buatan Industri

Uses Kegunaan

A Polythene Politena

Lenses Kanta

B Lead glass Kaca Plumbum

Mirror Cermin

C Photochromic glass Kaca fotokromik

Optical lenses Kanta cermin mata

D Plastic reinforced with glass Plastik yang diperkukuhkan dengan kaca

Test tube Tabung uji



4

9 Which of the following statements best explain the decrease in rate of decomposition of

hydrogen peroxide with time? Antara pernyataan berikut,yang manakah menerangkan pengurangan kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida dengan masa ?

A B C D

Product of reaction decreases Hasil tindak balas berkurang Temperature of hydrogen peroxide decreases Suhu hidrogen peroksida berkurang Volume of hydrogen peroxide decreases Isipadu hidrogen peroksida berkurang Concentration of hydrogen peroxide decreases Kepekatan hidrogen peroksida berkurang

10 Which of the following chemicals is used to keep latex in its liquid state?

Antara bahan kimia berikut, yang manakah digunakan untuk mengekalkan lateks dalam keadaan cecair?

A B C D

Aqueous ammonia Ammonia akueous Ethanoic acid Asid ethanoik Methanol Metanol Water Air



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12 What is the meaning of heat of reaction?

Apakah maksud haba tindak balas? A The energy needed to break the chemical bond

Tenaga yang diperlukan untuk memecahkan ikatan kimia

B The energy needed to start a reaction Tenaga yang diperlukan untuk memulakan tindak balas

C The energy involved when change of state of matter occurs Tenaga yang dibebaskan apabila perubahan keadaan bahan berlaku

D The change in the energy contained in the products and in the reactants Perubahan kandungan tenaga dalam hasil tindak balas dan bahan tindak balas

11 Diagram 1 shows the set up of apparatus for a chemical reaction. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu tindak balas kimia.

DIAGRAM 1 RAJAH 1 Which of the following statements is true for the reaction? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai tindak balas itu?

A B C D

Iron is reduced Ferum diturunkan Iron is an oxidising agent Ferum adalah agen pengoksidaan Magnesium releases electron Magnesium membebaskan elektron The oxidation number of magnesium decreases Nombor pengoksidaan magnesium berkurang

Magnesium strip Kepingan magnesium

Agar solution Larutan agar-agar

Iron strip Kepingan ferum



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13 The body of an aeroplane is made up of alloy X. Badan sebuah kapalterbang dibina dari sejenis aloi X. What is the alloy X? Apakah aloi X itu?

A B C D

Pewter Piuter Brass Loyang Bronze Gangsa Duralumin Duralumin

14 Which of the following is true about the charges of an electron, a neutron and a proton?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang cas-cas bagi elektron, neutron dan proton?

A B C D

Electron Elektron

Neutron Neutron

Proton Proton

Negative Negatif

Positive Positif

Neutral Neutral

Positive Positif

Neutral Neutral

Negative Negatif

Positive Positif

Negative Negatif

Neutral Neutral

Negative Negatif

Neutral Neutral

Positive Positif

15 Which of the following pair of compounds and formulae is correct?

Antara berikut, yang manakah pasangan sebatian dan fomulanya betul?

A B C D

Compound Formula Sebatian Formula Sodium sulphate NaSO4 Natrium sulfat Copper(II) oxide Cu2O Kuprum(II) oksida Iron(III) chloride FeCl3 Ferum(III) klorida Zinc nitrate Zn(NO2)3 Zink nitrat



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16 Astatine is below iodine in Group 17 of Periodic Table.

Astatine terletak di bawah iodin dalam Kumpulan17 Jadual Berkala. Which of the following statements is true for astatine? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang astatine?

A B C D

Form basic oxide Membentuk oksida alkali Exists as monoatom Wujud sebagai monoatom Solid at room temperature Pepejal pada suhu bilik More electronegativity than iodine Lebih elektronegatif daripada iodin

17 The diagram 2 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule of water ,H2 O

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi molekul air ,H2O

DIAGRAM 2 RAJAH 2 Which of the following statements is true about the molecule? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang molekul itu ?

A B C D

The compound has high melting point Sebatian mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi Oxygen atom ,O has four pairs of electrons to share Atom oksigen, O mempunyai empat pasang elektron untuk di kongsi The bonding between molecules of water, H2 O is of Van der Waals forces Ikatan antara molekul air, H2 O ialah daya Van der Waals Each oxygen atom , O receives two electrons to form an oxide ion Setiap atom oksigen, O menerima dua elektron untuk membentuk satu ion oksida.

H O H



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18 The diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus of a simple chemical cell. The reading on the voltmeter is 0.5 V. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu radas bagi satu sel kimia yang ringkas. Bacaan pada voltmeter ialah 0.5 V.

DIAGRAM 3 RAJAH 3 Which of the following will give the biggest increment in the reading on the voltmeter? Antara berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan bacaan paling tinggi pada voltmeter?

A B C D

Increase the volume of iron(II) sulphate solution Tambahkan isipadu ferum(II) sulfat Substitute the iron plate with a silver plate Gantikan kepingan ferum dengan kepingan argentum Use a more dilute iron(II) sulphate solution Gunakan larutan ferum(II) sulfat yang lebih cair Substitute the zink plate with an aluminium plate Gantikan kepingan zink dengan kepingan aluminium

19

Which of the following is true about alloy and its major component? Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang aloi dan juzuk utamanya

Alloy Aloi

Major component Komponen utama

A Duralumin Duralumin

Magnesium Magnesium

B Steel Keluli

Tin Stanum

C Bronze Gangsa

Copper Kuprum

D Pewter Piuter

Zinc Zink

Iron(II) sulphate solution Larutan ferum(II) sulfat

Iron plate Kepingan ferum

Zinc plate Kepingan zink

0.5V



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20

Which of the following solutions contain the same number of hydrogen ion, H+? Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mengandungi bilangan ion hidrogen, H+ yang sama? [Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ] [Nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

I II III IV A B C D

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 of nitric acid 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 acid nitrik 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 acid hidroklorik 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 acid sulfurik 200 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid 200 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 acid etanoik I and III only I dan III sahaja II and IV only II dan IV sahaja I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja II, III and IV only II, III dan IV sahajay

21

Which of the following explains the meaning of effective collision? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaran berkesan?

A B C D

The collision that causes a reaction Perlanggaran yang menghasilkan tindak balas The collision that has a low energy Perlanggaran yang mempunyai tenaga yang rendah The collision which takes place before a reaction Perlanggaran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas The collision where its energy is less than the activation energy Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan



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22

Diagram 4 shows the set of apparatus of an experiment. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen.

DIAGRAM 4 RAJAH 4 Which of the following can be used to differentiate these solutions? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-larutan tersebut ?

A B C D

Ammonia solution Larutan ammonia Barium nitrate solution Larutan barium nitrat Silver nitrate solution Larutan argentum nitrat Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida

23 Diagram 5 represents the structural formula of a carbon compound

Rajah 5 menunjukkan formula struktur satu sebatian karbon DIAGRAM 5 RAJAH 5 Name of the above carbon compound is Nama sebatian karbon di atas ialah

A B C D

Ethyl ethanoate Etil etanoat Propil ethanoate Propil etanoat Ethyl propanoate Etil propanoat Diethyl methanoate Dietil etanoat

H H O H H | | || | | H C C C O C C H | | | | H H H H

Aluminium chloride solution Larutan Aluminium klorida

Zinc chloride solution Larutan zink klorida



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24 Which of the following reactions shows that tin is a reducing agent?

Antara tindak balas kimia berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan stanum sebagai agen penurunan?

I II III IV A B C D

Reaction of tin with silver oxide Tindak balas stanum dengan argentum oksida Reaction of tin with lead(II) nitrate solution Tindak balas stanum dengan larutan Plumbum(II) nitrat Electrolysis of tin(II) nitrate solution using tin electrodes Elektrolisis larutan stanum(II) nitrat dengan menggunakan elektrod stanum Chemical cell with tin and zinc electrodes in sodium sulphate solution. Sel Kimia yang menggunakan elektrod stanum dan zink dalam larutan natrium sulfat. I and II only I dan II sahaja II and IV only II dan IV sahaja I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja

I, III and IV only I, III dan IV sahaja

25 The following chemical equation shows the reaction of the formation of lead (II) sulphate

precipitate. Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembentukan mendakan plumbum (II) sulfat.

Pb2+ (ak) + SO4 2- (ak) PbSO4 (p) H = - 42 kJ mol -1

Which of the following is true about the reaction? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang tindak balas itu?

Heat change

Perubahan haba Type of reaction Jenis tindak balas

A Heat is released Haba dibebaskan

Endothermic Endotermik

B Heat is absorbed Haba diserap

Exothermic Eksotermik

C Heat is released Haba dibebaskan

Exothermic Eksotermik

D Heat is absorbed Haba diserap

Endothermic Endotermik



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26 Which of the following molecules is soap?

Antara molekul berikut, yang manakah merupakan sabun?

A B C D

CH3(CH2)14COOH CH3(CH2)2COONa CH3(CH2)14COONa CH3(CH2)14COOCH3

27 The diagram 6 shows the cooling curve for a sample of a pure substance X

Rajah 6 menunjukkan lengkuk penyejukan bagi satu contoh bahan X yang tulin.

DIAGRAM 6 RAJAH 6 Which of the following statements is true about the arrangement of particles at time t? Antara berikut, yang manakah pernyataan yang benar tentang susunan zarah-zarah pada masa t?

A B C D

All the molecules move freely Semua zarah bergerak bebas All the molecules only vibrate and rotate at their fixed position Semua zarah hanya bergetar dan berputar pada kedudukan yang tetap Some of the molecules move from one point to another and the others move randomly Sebahagian zarah bergerak dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain dan yang lainnya bergerak bebas Some of the molecules vibrate and rotate at their fixed positions and the others move from one point to another Sebahagian zarah bergetar dan berputar pada kedudukan yang tetap dan yang lainnya bergerak dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain

t

Temperature/oC

Time/s



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28 Diagram 7 shows the molecular formulae of two compounds, X and Y

Rajah 7 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi dua sebatian, X dan Y. Compound X Compound Y Sebatian X Sebatian Y DIAGRAM 7 RAJAH 7 Which of the following statements are similar for compound X and Y? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah sama bagi sebatian X dan Y?

A B C D

The empirical formula Formula empirik Reaction with bromine water Bertindak balas dengan air bromine Hydration to produce an alcohol Penghidratan menghasilkan suatu alkohol Complete combustion in oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide gas Pembakaran sempurna dalam oksigen menghasilkan air dan gas karbon dioksida

29 Table 1 shows the proton number of elements W,X,Y and Z.

The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements. Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur-unsur W,X,Y ,dan Z. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu.

TABLE 1 JADUAL 1

Which of the following shows the ascending order of the atomic size of the elements? Antara ynag berikut yang manakah menunjukkan susunan menaik saiz atom bagi unsur-unsur itu?

Element Unsur

Proton number Nombor proton

W X Y Z

11 13 17 19

A B C D

W,X,Y,Z Z,W,X,Y Y,X,W,Z Z,Y,X,W

C2H6

C5H10



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30 Which of the following is true about covalent compound?

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sebatian kovalen?

A B C D

Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state Mengalir elektrik dalam keadaan lebur atau akueus Low melting point Takat lebur rendah Soluble in water Larut dalam air Not volatile Tidak meruap

31 Diagram 8 shows a set up of chemical cell using a pair of zinc and copper as electrodes.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas sel kimia menggunakan pasangan elektrod zink dan kuprum.

DIAGRAM 8 RAJAH 8 The blue copper(II) sulphate solution turns pale. Warna biru larutan kuprum(II) sulfat luntur Which of the following explains the observation? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan pemerhatian itu?

A B C D

Zinc atom ionizes Atom zink mengion Copper atom ionizes Atom kuprum mengion Sulphate ion is discharged Ion sulfat dinyahscas Copper(II) ion is discharged Ion kuprum(II) dinyahcas

Copper(II) sulphate solution Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Zinc Zink Copper

kuprum



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32

Which of the following explains the above statement? Antara berikut, yang manakah menerangkan pernyataan di atas?

A B C D

Hydrochloric acid is a weak acid while ethanoic acid is a strong acid Asid hidroklorik ialah asid lemah sementara asid etanoik ialah asid kuat Hydrochloric acid dissociates partially while ethanoic acid dissociates completely in water Asid hidroklorik bercerai separa sementara asid etanoik bercerai sempurna di dalam air The number of hydrogen atom in hydrochloric acid is smaller than in ethanoic acid Bilangan atom hidrogen di dalam asid hidroklorik lebih kecil berbanding di dalam asid etanoik The concentration of hydrogen ion in hydrochloric acid is higher than in ethanoic acid Kepekatan ion hidrogen di dalam asid hidroklorik adalah lebih tinggi berbanding di dalam asid etanoik

33 The following equation shows the preparation of salt R.

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penyediaan garam R Solution P + Solution Q Solid R + Solution S Larutan P + Larutan Q Pepejal R + Larutan S Which of the following set represents compound P,Q,R and S? Antara set berikut, yang manakah merupakan sebatian P,Q,R dan S? P Q R S I Pb NaBr PbBr2 Na II Ca(NO)3 K2SO4 CaSO4 KNO3III AgNO3 NaCl AgCl NaNO3 IV NH4OH HCl NH4Cl H2O A I and II only

I dan II sahaja

B I and IV only I dan IV sahaja

C II and III only II and III sahaja

D III and IV only III and IV sahaja

The pH value of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid,HCl is smaller than the pH value of 0.1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid, CH3COOH Nilai pH bagi 0.1 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik, HCl adalah lebih kecil berbanding dengan nilai pH bagi 0.1 mol dm-3 asid etanoik, CH3COOH



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34 The manufacturing of sulfuric acid involves several reactions.

Pembuatan asid sulfurik melibatkan beberapa tindak balas.

Which of the following equations represents the sulfuric acid reaction that uses a catalyst? Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas asid sulfurik yang menggunakan mangkin?

A B C D

S + O2 SO2

2SO2 + O2 2SO3

SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7 H2S2O7 + H2 O 2H2SO4

35 Diagram 9 shows the graph of volume of oxygen gas against time . Curve P is obtained from an

experiment of the decomposition of 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide solution. Rajah 9 menunjukkan graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa. Lengkung P diperolehi daripada tindak balas penguraian 25 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.2 mol dm-3.

DIAGRAM 9 RAJAH 9 Which of the following solutions will produce curve Q? Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah akan menghasilkan lengkung Q?

A B C D

25 cm3 hydrogen peroxide 0.15 mol dm-325 cm3 hydrogen peroxide 0.15 mol dm-3

20 cm3 hydrogen peroxide 0.15 mol dm-3 20 cm3 hydrogen peroxide 0.15 mol dm-3



P

Q

Time/s Masa/s

Volume of O2 gas/cm3 Isipadu gas O2 /cm3



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36 The equation below shows the chemical equation of the combustion of ethanol in excess oxygen

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol dalam oksigen berlebihan 2C2H5OH + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas released when 9.20 g ethanol reacts completely? Berapakah isi padu gas karbon dioksida terbebas apabila 9.2 g etanol bertindak balas lengkap? [Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition] [Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, 1 mol of gas memenuhi 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

A B C D

4.8 cm3 9.6 cm3 96.0 cm3 9600 cm3

37

Diagram 10 shows the set up of the apparatus to study the redox reaction . Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks.

DIAGRAM 10 RAJAH 10

Carbon X is a negative terminal. Karbon X merupakan terminal negatif. Which of the following are solution X and solution Y? Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan larutan X dan larutan Y?

Solution X Larutan X

Solution Y Larutan Y

A Iron(II) sulphate Ferum(II) sulfat

Bromine water Air bromin

B Iron(III) sulphate Ferum(III) sulfat

Potassium bromide Kalium bomida

C Acidified potassium dicromate(VI) Kalium dikromat(VI) berasid

Potassium chloride Kalium klorida

D Acidified potassium manganat(VII) Kalium manganat(VII) berasid

Iron(II) sulphate Ferum(II) sulfat

Carbon Y Karbon Y

Porous pot Pasu telap

Solution X Larutan X

Carbon X Karbon X

Solution Y Larutan Y



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38 The reaction between 25.00 cm3 of hydrochloric acid and 25.00 cm3 of sodium hydroxide

solution releases the heat of 2100 J. [Specific heat capacity of a solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC -1 Assume that 1 cm 3 of a solution is equal to 1 g of the solution ] Tindak balas antara 25.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik dan 25.00 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida membebaskan haba sebanyak 2100 J. [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC -1 Anggap 1 cm 3 larutan sama dengan 1 g larutan ] What is the temperature change of the mixture ? Berapakah perubahan suhu campuran itu?

A B C D

1 OC 2 OC 10 OC 20 OC

39 Which of the following is true about soap or detergent ?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sabun atau detergen ?

A B C D

Soap forms scum in soft water Sabun membentuk kekat dalam air lembut Detergent forms scum in hard water Detergen membentuk kekat di dalam air liat The presence of magnesium ions in detergent forms scum Kehadiran ion magnesium di dalam detergen membentuk kekat Scum decreases the effectiveness of the cleansing action of a soap Kekat mengurangkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian sabun

40 Bromine-79 has 44 neutrons.

Bromin-79 mempunyai 44 neutron Which of the following symbols represent the bromine atom? Antara simbol berikut, yang manakah mewakili atom bromin?

A B C D

79

35 Br

44 Br

35

79

44 Br

79

35 Br



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41

What is the empirical formula of metal oxide J? Apakah formula empirik bagi oksida logam J? [Relative atomic mass of J = 24, O = 16 ] [Jisim atom relatif: J = 24, O = 16 ]

A B C D

JO JO2 J2O J2O2

42 In the Periodic Table, element X is in group 1 and element Y is in group 17

The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements. Dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur, unsur X berada dalam kumpulan I dan unsur Y berada dalam kumpulan 17. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu. Which of the following chemical equation is true for the reaction between element X and element Y? Antara persamaan kimia berikut, yang manakah benar bagi tindak balas antara unsur X dan unsur Y?

A B C D

2X + Y2 2 XY X + Y2 XY2 2X + Y X2Y X + Y XY

43 The table 2 shows the electron arrangements of elements R, S, T dan U.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur R, S, T dan U

Which of the following pair of elements can form ionic compound? Antara pasangan unsur berikut, yang manakah boleh membentuk sebatian ion?

Elements Unsur R S T U

Electron arrangement Susunan elektron 2.4 2.8 2.8.7 2.8.8.2

A B C D

R and S R dan S S and U S dan U T and U T dan U R and T R dan T

2.0 g metal oxide J contains 1.2 g of element J 2.0 g oksida logam J mengandungi 1.2 g logam J



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44 The reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate produces carbon dioxide gas. The

reaction is complete in 50 seconds and the maximum volume of gas produced is 25 cm 3. Tindakbalas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium kabonat menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida. Tindak balas lengkap dalam masa 50 saat dan isipadu maksimum gas ialah 25 cm3. What is the average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata?

A B C D

0.5 cm3 s-1 1.0 cm3 s-1 2.0 cm3 s-1 4.0 cm3 s-1

45 Diagram 11 shows the set-up of apparatus for the titration of sodium hydroxide solution with

sulphuric acid. Rajah11 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi titratan larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid sulfurik DIAGRAM 11 RAJAH 11 What is the volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid solution required to completely neutralize 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution? Berapakah isi padu 0.5 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan lengkap 25 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida?

A B C D

12.50 cm3 25.00 cm3 50.00 cm3 75.50 cm3

0.5 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid solution Larutan 0.5 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik

25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide + phenolphthalein 25 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida + fenolftalein



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46

The following chemical equation shows the reaction of preparation lead(II) iodide salt. Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penyediaan garam plumbum(II) iodida. Pb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3(aq) Pb (NO3)2 (ak) + 2KI(ak) PbI2 (p) + 2KNO3(ak) What is the volume of potassium iodide 0.5 mol dm-3 solution needed to produce 4.61 g lead(II) iodide salt? Berapakah isipadu larutan kalium iodida 0.5 mol dm-3 yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 4.61g garam plumbum(II) iodida?

[Relative atomic mass of Pb= 207, I= 127] [Jisim atom relatif P= 207, I= 127]

A B C D

20 cm3 40 cm3 400 cm3 1440 cm3

47 Diagram 12 shows the stages I, II, III and IV in the Contact Process during the preparation of

sulphuric acid. Rajah 12 menunjukkan peringkat I, II, III dan IV bagi penyediaan asid sulfurik melalui proses Sentuh. S I SO2 II SO3 III H2S 2O7 IV H2SO4 Which of the following chemicals is used at each stage? Antara bahan kimia berikut, yang manakah digunakan pada peringkat itu? I II III IV A O2 O2 H2O H2SO4 B O2 O2 H2SO4 H2O C O2 H2O O2 H2SO4 D H2O O2 H2SO4 O2



22

48 Diagram 13 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction

between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid solution. Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.

DIAGRAM 13 RAJAH 13 Which of the following combination of conditions take the longest time for the mark X to disappear from sight? Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut, yang manakah mengambil masa paling lama untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?

A B C D

Sulphuric acid solution Larutan asid Sulfurik

Sodium thiosulphate solution Larutan natrium tiosulfat

Temperature/ 0C Suhu/0C

Volume/cm3Isipadu/cm3

Concentration/mol dm-3

Kepekatan/ mol dm-3

Volume/cm3 Isipadu/cm3

Concentration/mol dm-3

Kepekatan/ mol dm-3

10

10

10

20

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

50

50

50

40

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

30

40

30

40

Sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid Larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik



23

49 Diagram 14 shows the structural formula of carbon compound J

Rajah 14 di bawah menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian karbon J DIAGRAM 14 RAJAH 14 Which of the following statements are true? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar? [Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12 ] [Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12 ]

I II III IV A B C D

Empirical formula of J is C4H8 Formula empirik J ialah C4H8 Name of the compound J is but-1-ene Nama sebatian J ialah but-1-ena Hydration of compoud J produce butan-1ol Penghidratan sebatian J menghasilkan butan-1-ol Complete combustion of compound J produce carbon dioxide gas and water Pembakaran lengkap sebatian J menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan air I and II only I dan II sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja II, III and IV only II, III dan IV sahaja

H H H H | | | | H C C C = C H | | H H



24

50

Metal W is between iron and copper in the reactivity series of metal. The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements. Logam W berada di antara ferum dan kuprum dalam siri kereaktifan logam. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu

Which of the following metal oxides can be reduced by metal W? Antara oksida logam berikut, yang manakah boleh diturunkan oleh logam W?

A B C D

Zinc oxide Zink oksida Silver oxide Argentum oksida Magnesium oxide Magnesium oksida Aluminium oxide Aluminium oksida

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT


Gerak Gempur SPM Chemistry paper 2 4541/2

2

1. Table 1 shows proton number and nucleon number for atom W, X and Y. Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom W, X dan Y.

Atom Proton number /

Nombor Proton Nucleon number / Nombor Nukleon

W 11 23 X 17 35 Y 17 37

TABLE / JADUAL 1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

..............................................................................

[1 mark] (ii) What is the number of neutron in atom W ?

Apakah bilangan neutron dalam atom W? .........................................................

[1 mark] (b) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.

Atom atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Jelaskan mengapa. .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................

[2 marks] (c) Write the electron arrangement of atom X .

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(d) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Y. In your diagram , show the number of proton and the number of neutron in the nucleus.

Lukiskan susunan elektron atom Y. Dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam nukleus.

[2 marks]



3

(ii) What is the number of valence electron of atom Y? Apakah bilangan elektron valen bagi atom Y? ................................................................................................................

[1 mark] (iii) Write the formula of ion Y.

Tuliskan formula ion Y.

.................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(e) Write the symbol of atom X in the form of X AZ .

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom X dalam bentuk X AZ . .................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

2 Diagram 2 shows the symbols of atom for element U, V, W and X. Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol- simbol atom bagi unsur U, V, W dan X.

U73 V 126 W

199 X

2010

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 2

(a) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

............................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(b) (i) Element U, V, W and X are placed in the same period in the Periodic Table. State the period. Unsur U, V, W dan X berada dalam kala yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala. Nyatakan kala itu.

..................................................................................................................................

[1 mark] (ii) Compare the atomic size of element V and X. Bandingkan saiz atom unsur V dan X.

.................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]



4

(iii) Explain your answer in (b) (ii) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b) (ii).

...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks ]

(c) Element V can react with element W to form a compound.

Unsur V boleh bertindak balas dengan unsur W membentuk satu sebatian. (i) Write the chemical formula for the compound. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu. .................................................................................................................................

[1 mark ]

(ii) State one physical property for the compound formed. Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ...............

[1 mark ]

(d) When element U react with element W, a compound is produced. Apabila unsur U bertindak balas dengan unsur W, satu sebatian terhasil.

(i) State the type of the compound produced. Nyatakan jenis sebatian yang terhasil. ......................................................................................................................

[1 mark ] (ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (d) (i). Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian dalam (d) (i).

[2 marks]



5

3 Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus of a voltaic cell. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas satu sel kimia.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 3.1

Based on Diagram 3 , answer the following questions.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan- soalan berikut:

(a) What is the energy change that occurs in the voltaic cell? Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel kimia? ..................................................................................................................................

[1 mark] (b) Write the formula of all ions in copper (II) sulphate solution.

Tuliskan formula semua ion dalam larutan kuprum (II) sulfat. ..................................................................................................................................

[1 mark] (c) (i) Name the negative terminal of the voltaic cell. Namakan terminal negatif bagi sel kimia.

.....................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i).

.....................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(d) (i) State one observation at copper plate. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada kepingan kuprum. .....................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

Copper (II) nitrate solution / Larutan kuprum (II) nitrat

Copper plate / Kepingan kuprum

Zinc Plate / Kepingan zink

V



6

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction occur at the copper plate. Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada

kepingan kuprum. .....................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(e) What is the colour change of the copper(II)sulphate solution? Explain your answer.

Apakah perubahan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat ? Jelaskan jawapan anda. .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................

[2 marks] (f) Another experiment is carried out by replacing the zinc plate with P , Q and R

metals. Table 3.2 shows the results.

Eksperimen lain dijalankan bagi menggantikan kepingan zink dengan logam P, Q dan R. Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan keputusannya.

Pair of metal/

Pasangan logam Voltage/

Voltan (V) Negative terminal/ Terminal negative

P/Cu 2.7 P

Q/Cu 2.0 Q

R/Cu 0.5 R

TABLE/ JADUAL 3.2

(i) Arrange P, Q, R and Cu metal in accending order of electropositivity. Susunkan logam P, Q, R dan Cu mengikut tertib menaik keelektropositifan. ..................................................................................................................................

[1 mark] (ii) Predict the voltage for pair of Q/R.

Ramalkan nilai voltan bagi pasangan Q/R ..................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]



7

4 (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to prepare soap. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan sabun.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 4.1

(i) Name the process of preparing soap. Namakan proses penyediaan sabun.

.

[1 mark] (ii) Name the solution P.

Namakan larutan P.

. [1 mark]

(iii) State the purpose of adding sodium chloride to the reaction mixture in

the experiment. Nyatakan tujuan menambahkan natrium klorida kepada campuran tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu.

.

[1 mark]

(iv) Diagram 4.2 shows the structure of a soap ion. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.

Part / Bahagian X Part/ Bahagian Y

DIAGRAM/RAJAH 4.2 Which part is soluble in the water and grease based on Diagram 4.2? Bahagian manakah yang larut dalam air dan gris berdasarkan

CH 2

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2 CH2

C-O- || O

Heat / Panaskan

Palm oil / Minyak sawit

+ Solution/ Larutan P

Distilled water / Air suling +

Sodium chloride / Natrium klorida

Cool/ Sejukkan Mixture/ Larutan

Soap/ Sabun



8

Rajah 4.2?

Water/air: Grease/gris: .

[1 mark]

(b) Glass and ceramic are widely used in our daily life. Kaca dan seramik digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan harian.

(i) Name a chemical of the main component of glass and ceramic

Namakan bahan kimia yang menjadi bahan utama dalam kaca dan seramik

.

[1 mark]

(ii) State a reason why glass is used as laboratory apparatus instead of metal. Nyatakan satu alasan mengapa kaca digunakan sebagai radas makmal bukannya logam.

[1 mark]

(iii) Test tube Beaker Combustion tube Tabung uji Bikar Tiub Pembakaran DIAGRAM/RAJAH 4.3 State the type of glass that used in making the apparatus in Diagram 4.3 Nyatakan jenis kaca yang digunakan untuk membuat alat radas dalam

Rajah 4.3

[1 mark]

(c) Photo chromic glass is a composite material. Kaca fotokromik adalah salah satu bahan komposit (i) What is composite material?

Apakah bahan komposit? .

[1 mark]



9

(ii) Name one of the component in photo chromic glass? Namakan salah satu daripada komposisi dalam kaca fotokromik?

.

[1 mark]

(iii) State one of the characteristic of lenses made from photo chromic glass. Nyatakan satu ciri lensa yang diperbuat daripada kaca fotokromik.

.

[1 mark]

5 Table 5 shows the formulae of three organic compounds. Jadual 5 menunjukkan formula bagi tiga sebatian organik

Organic compound Sebatian organik

Formula Formula

Butan-1-ol Butan-1-ol C4H10O

Butanoic acid Asid Butanoik C4H8O2

But-1-ene But-1-ena C4H8

TABLE / JADUAL 5 Use the information in Table 5 to answer the following questions. Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 5 untuk menjawab soalan berikut.

(a) Name the homologous series for butan-1-ol. Namakan siri homolog bagi butan-1-ol

..

[ 1 mark ] (b) (i) Draw the structural formula of butan-1-ol Lukiskan formula struktur bagi butan-1-ol



10

[ 1 mark ] (ii) The following structural formula is isomer of butanol.

Formula struktur berikut ialah isomer bagi butanol

CH3 CH3 - C - CH3 OH

Name the isomer. Namakan isomer itu. .

[ 1 mark ] (c ) Butan-1-ol can react with butanoic acid to form compound X and water. Butan-1-ol boleh bertindak balas dengan asid butanoik untuk menghasilkan

sebatian X dan air.

(i) What is the name of this reaction? Apakah nama tindak balas ini.

.

[ 1 mark ] (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

. [ 1 mark ]

(iii) State one physical property of compound X.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian X.

. [ 1 mark ]

(d) Dehydration of butan-1-ol using porous pot chips produce but-1-ene.

Draw the set up of apparatus used in the dehydration. Pengdehidratan butan-1-ol menggunakan serpihan pasu berliang menghasilkan but-1-ena. Lukiskan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam pengdehidratan itu.



11

[ 2 marks ]

(e) When but-1-ene is mixed with bromine water , a reaction occur. Apabila but-1-ena dicampurkan dengan air bromin , satu tindak balas berlaku.

(i) Name the reaction . Namakan tindak balas itu.

. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) State one observation in the reaction. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam tindak balas itu. . [ 1 mark ]

6 Diagram 6 shows the set- up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between potassium

iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a distance.. Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas di antara larutan kalium iodide dan air klorin melalui pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 6

(a) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid? Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?

[1 mark ]

(b) On the diagram 6, draw the direction of the flow of electrons.

Dilute sulphuric acid

G

Electrode Q

Chlorine water Potassium iodide solution

Electrode P



12

Pada rajah 6, lukiskan arah pengaliran elektron elektron. [1 mark ]

(c) (i) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P?

Apakah perubahan warna dalam larutan di sekitar elektrod?

.................................................................................................................................. [1 mark ]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed in the solution at

electrode P. Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yang terbentuk dalam larutan di elektrod P.

..............

............... [2 marks ]

(d) What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explain why.

Apakah bahan yang dioksidakan dalam eksperimen?Terangkan mengapa.

..... .....

[2 marks ] (e) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q.

Tuliskan satu persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod Q. ....

[1 mark ]

(f) Suggest another reagent that can replace chlorine water. Cadangkan reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.

.................... [1 mark ]

(g) What is the change in oxidation number of chlorine in the reaction? Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin dalam tindak balas?

...... [1 mark ]



13

Section B [20 marks]

Answer any one question.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.

7 (a) Table 7 shows the incomplete observation for two experiments to

construct balanced chemical equation. Jadual 7 menunjukkan pemerhatian yang tidak lengkap bagi dua eksperimen untuk membina persamaan kimia yang seimbang.

Experiment Eksperimen

Procedure Prosedur

Observation Pemerhatian

A Copper(II)carbonate is heated and the gas produced is passed through lime water. Kuprum(II)karbonat dipanaskan dan gas yang terhasil dialirkan melalui air kapur.

Green solid turns black. The lime water turns milky. Pepejal hijau menjadi hitam. Air kapur menjadi keruh.

B Potassium iodide solution is added to lead(II) nitrate solution. Larutan kalium iodida ditambah kepada larutan plumbum(II)nitrat.

TABLE / JADUAL 7

(i) Based on the observation, name the products in experiment A and write the chemical equation for the reaction. Berdasarkan pemerhatian , namakan hasil tindak balas dalam eksperimen A dan tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) State one observation in experiment B and name the product. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen B dan namakan hasil tindak balas itu. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

[ 4 marks ]



14

(b) The reaction between acid , HX and ionic compound , QY2 can be represented by chemical equation below. Tindak balas antara asid , HX dan sebatian ion , QY2 boleh diwakili oleh persamaan kimia di bawah.

2HX(aq) +QY2(aq) QX2(s) + 2HY(aq).

State three statement to describe the chemical equation above. Suggest an acid of HX and an ionic compound of QY2.

Nyatakan tiga pernyataan untuk menghuraikan persamaan kimia di atas. Cadangkan asid HX dan sebatian ion QY2.

[ 5 marks]

(c) The information below is regarding substance X Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan bahan X

(i) Determine the empirical formula of substance X. [Given that the relative atomic mass of C = 12 , H = 1] Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian X [Diberi jisim atom relatif C = 12 , H = 1]

(ii) Determine the molecular formula of substance X.

Tentukan formula molekul bagi bahan X.

(iii) Based on the answers in (a)(i) and (a)(ii) , compare and contrast the empirical formula and the molecular formula.

Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (a)(i) dan (a)(ii), banding dan bezakan formula empirik dan formula molekul.

[ 8 marks]

Carbon 85.70% Karbon

Hydrogen 14.30%

Hidrogen Relative molecular mass = 56

Jisim molekul relatif



15

8 (a) State three factors affecting the rate of reaction. Nyatakan tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar suatu tindak balas.

[3 marks]

(b) An experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. The time taken by magnesium to dissolve in acid in each experiment is recorded in Table 8. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara magnesium dan asid hidroklorik. Masa magnesium larut di dalam asid dalam setiap eksperimen dicatat seperti dalam jadual 8

Experiment Eksperimen

Reactant Bahan tindak balas

Temperature suhu (0C)

Time masa

(s)

I

20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 2 g of magnesium strip 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 + 2 g pita magnesium

30 120

II

20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 2 g of magnesium strip 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 + 2 g pita magnesium

30 60

III

20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 2 g of magnesium powder 20 cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 + 2 g serbuk magnesium

30 40

IV

20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + 2 g of magnesium strip + 5 drops of copper(II) sulphate solution 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 + 2 g pita magnesium + 5 titik larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

30 45

TABLE/JADUAL 8

(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and acid. Tuliskan persamaan ionik yang berlaku antara magnesium dan asid.

[1 mark]



16

(ii) Compare the rate of reaction for

experiment I and experiment II, experiment II and experiment III. experiment II and experiment IV

Explain your answer based on the collision theory.

Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

eksperimen I dan eksperimen II eksperimen II dan eksperimen III eksperimen II dan eksperimen IV

Terangkan jawapan andaberdasarkan teori perlanggaran [9 marks]

(iii) If experiment II is repeated at 40 0C, predict the time taken for the 2 g magnesium to dissolve completely. Explain your answer.

Jika eksperimen II diulangi pada suhu 40 0C, cadangkan masa yang diambil untuk 2 g magnesium larut sepenuhnya. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

[3 marks]

(c) Based on the collision theory, explain why we need to store fresh milk in a refrigerator.

Berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran, terangkan mengapa kita perlu menyimpan susu segar dalam peti sejuk.

[4 marks]



17

Section C [20 marks]

Answer any one question.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes 9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the reactions involved in the preparation of soluble salts.

DIAGRAM/ RAJAH 9

(i) Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts can be prepared using reaction between acid and alkali. State the reaction X, Y and Z. Garam natrium, kalium dan ammonium dapat disediakan melalui tindak balas antara asid dan alkali. Nyatakan tindak balas X, Y dan Z.

[3 marks] (ii) By choosing one of the reactions in (a) (i), suggest example of reactants

used and products formed. Write the chemical equation for the reaction based on your suggestion. Dengan memilih satu daripada tindak balas dalam (a) (i), cadangkan contoh bahan- bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dan hasil-hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas berdasarkan cadangan anda itu.

[3 marks]

Soluble salts / Garam larut

Sodium salts / Garam natrium

Potassium salts / Garam kalium

Ammonium salt / Garam ammonium

Other salts / Garam lain

Asid + alkali salt + water Asid + alkali garam + air

Reaction / Tindak balas X

Reaction / Tindak balas Y

Reaction / Tindak balas Z



18

(b)

Answer the following questions based on the above statement. Jawab soalan- soalan berikut berdasarkan pernyataan di atas. (i) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare a dry magnesium sulphate.

In your description, include the chemical equation involved. Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam magnesium sulfat yang kering. Dalam huraian anda sertakan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang terlibat.

[10 marks] (ii) Describe a simple chemical test of how you could differentiate between

magnesium sulphate and magnesium nitrate. Huraikan satu ujian kimia ringkas bagaimana anda membezakan antara larutan magnesium sulfat dan magnesium nitrat.

[4 marks] 10 Table 10 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi tiga jenis alkohol.

Alcohol/ Alkohol

Molecular formula / Formula molekul

Haba pembakaran / Heat of combustion

(kJ mol -1) Methanol CH3OH 725

Ethanol C2H5OH 1 376

Propan-1-ol C3H7OH 2 015

TABLE / JADUAL 10

(a) (i) What is the meaning of the heat of combustion of an alcohol? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba pembakaran alkohol?

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Explain why there are differences in the value of heat of combustion of the alcohols in Table 10. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba pembakaran bagi alkohol-alkohol dalam Jadual 10.

[ 3 marks]

Magnesium sulphate is a soluble salt. Magnesium sulfat adalah garam terlarutkan.



19

(b) Describe an experiment that you can carry out in your school laboratory to determine the heat of combustion of one of the alcohol in Table 10. Your description should include precautionary steps and the steps involved in the calculation. Huraikan satu eksperimen yang anda boleh jalankan di makmal sekolah anda bagi menentukan haba pembakaran salah satu alkohol dalam Jadual 10. Huraian anda perlu mengandungi langkah berjaga-jaga dan langkah-langkah perhitungan yang terlibat.

[12 marks]

(c) In another experiment to determine the heat of precipitation of lead (II) sulphate,

50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution is reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution. Increment of the temperature in the mixture is 10 oC. Dalam satu eksperimen lain bagi menentukan haba pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat, sejumlah 50 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 2.0 mol dm-3 dicampur dengan 50 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 2.0 mol dm-3. Kenaikan suhu campuran ialah 10 oC. The equation for the reaction is : Persamaan bagi tindak balas tersebut adalah :

Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3

Calculate the value of the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate in this reaction. Hitungkan haba pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat dalam eksperimen ini. [Use the information that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g -1 oC-1 ]

[Gunakan maklumat muatan haba tentu larutan adalah 4.2 J g -1 oC-1 ] [4 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER



4541/3 [Next page

3

Answer all questions The time suggested to complete Question 1 and Question 2 is 45 minutes 1 A student carried out two experiments to determine the concentration of HX acid solution.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan larutan asid HX.

Experiment I Eksperimen I

Titration of HX acid solution of unknown concentration with 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 using phenolftalein as indicator. Pentitratan larutan asid HX yang tidak diketahui kepekatannya dengan 20cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan penunjuk fenolftalein.

Experiment II Eksperimen II

Titration of similar HX acid solution of difference concentration with 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 using phenolftalein as indicator. Pentitratan larutan asid HX lain yang tidak diketahui kepekatannya dengan 20cm3 larutan Natrium Hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan penunjuk fenolftalein.

Diagram 1 shows the initial and final burette readings for both experiments. Rajah 1 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir buret bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.

Experiment 1 Eksperimen 1

Initial burette reading Final burette reading Bacaan awal buret Bacaan akhir buret

20

1

0

21

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Initial burette reading Final burette reading Bacaan awal buret Bacaan akhir buret

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

(a) Construct a table to record the initial and final burette readings and the volumes of the acid used for both experiments. Bina jadual dan catat bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir buret serta isipadu asid yang digunakan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen di atas.

[ 3 marks]

(b) State the colour change of phenolftalein in the titration. Nyatakan perubahan warna fenolftalein dalam titratan tersebut.

.. [ 3 marks]

1(a)

1(b)

25

16

15

26

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(c) The chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment is :

Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini ialah :

Calculate the concentration of HX acid solutions used in both experiments. Hitung kepekatan larutan asid HX yang digunakan dalam kedua-dua eksperimen.



[ 3 marks] (d) State the hypothesis in this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

.. .. [ 3 marks]

HX + NaOH NaX + H2O

1(c)

1(d)

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(e) If HX acid is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration, it is found that the volume of the sulphuric acid used in the titration is half of the volume of HX acid. Explain why. Jika asid HX digantikan dengan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai kepekatan yang sama, didapati isipadu asid sulfurik yang digunakan dalam titratan ialah separuh daripada isipadu asid HX. Terangkan mengapa.

[ 3 marks]

2 Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to compare the heat of combustion of

methanol and ethanol. 200 cm3 of water is used in this experiment. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperiment untuk membandingkan Haba pembakaran antara metano dengan etanol. 200 cm3 air digunakan dalam ekperimen ini.

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

Thermometer Thermometer

Tripod stand Tungku kaki tiga

Copper container Bekas kuprum

Spirit lamp Pelita

Wooden block Blok kayu

Alcohol Alkohol

Water Air

Wind shield Penghadang

1(e)

Total

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The table below shows the results obtained from the experiment I the heat of combustion of methanol and experiment II the heat of combustion of ethanol. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen I haba pembakaran methanol dan eksperimen II haba pembakaran etanol.



Initial temperature of water: .................. Suhu awal air

Initial temperature of water: ......................... Suhu awal air

Highest temperature of water: ........................... Suhu tertinggi air

Highest temperature of water: .......................... Suhu tertinggi air

Initial mass of spirit lamp and methanol: .............g Jisim awal pelita dan metanol

Initial mass of spirit lamp and ethanol: ....... g Jisim awal pelita dan metanol

Final mass of spirit lamp and methanol: ......g Jisim akhir pelita dan metanol

Final mass of spirit lamp and ethanol: ............. g Jisim akhir pelita dan etanol

20

25

15

20

25

15

60

65

55

60

65

55

150.50

150.50149.37

151.35

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(a) Write the readings of the temperature and the mass of spirit lamp and alcohol in the spaces above. Tuliskan bacaan suhu dan jisim pelita dan alkohol dalam ruangan di atas. [3 marks] (b) Based on the information above, complete the table below. Berdasarkan kepada maklumat di atas lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Name of variables Nama pemboleh ubah

Action to be taken Tindakan yang dibuat

(i) Manipulated variable: Pemboleh ubah dimanipulaskan: ............ ...........

(i) The way to manipulate variable: Cara mengubah pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: .................... ....................

(ii) Responding variable: Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

(ii) What to observe in the responding variable: Apa yang diperhatikan bagi menentukan pemboleh ubah gerak balas: .................... ....................

(iii) Fixed variable: Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan: ... ...

(iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable: Cara menetapkan pemboleh ubah dimalarkan :

[3 marks]

(c) (i) Calculate the energy change in the experiment I and II. Hitungkan perubahan tenaga dalam eksperimen I dan II

[Given: Energy change = mc, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC] [Diberi: perubahan tenaga = mc, muatan haba tentu air, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC]

[3 marks]

2(a)

2(b)

2(c)(ii)

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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol and ethanol burnt in this experiment. Hitungkan bilangan mol methanol dan etanol yang terbakar dalam eksperimen ini. [Molar mass of methanol = 32 g mol-1] [Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol-1] [Jisim molar metanol = 32 g mol-1] [Jisim molar etanol = 46 g mol-1]

[3 marks]

(iii) Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol in this experiment. Hitungkan haba pembakaran metanol dalam eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]

(d) Predict the heat of combustion of ethanol compare to the heat combustion of methanol. Ramalkan haba pembakaran etanol berbanding dengan haba pembakaran methanol.

[3 marks]

2(c)(ii)

2(c)(iii)

2(d)

Total

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You are given the copper strip, lead strip, iron strip, zinc strip, aluminium strip, magnesium strip and copper(II) sulphate solution.Referring to the statement above, plan a laboratory experiment to construct the electrochemical series of the potential differences using different pair of metals. Your explanation should include all the followings: Anda dibekalkan dengan kepingan kuprum, kepingan plumbum, kepingan ferum, kepingan zink, kepingan aluminium, kepingan magnesium dan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk membina siri elektrokimia . Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut: (a) Aim of the experment

Tujuan eksperimen (b) All the variables

Semua pemboleh ubah yang terlibat

(c ) Statement of the hypothesis Pernyataan hipotesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan alat radas

(e) Procedure of the experiment Prosedur eksperimen

(f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data

[ 17 marks ]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series, the bigger the potential difference. Semakin jauh kedudukan pasangan logam dalam siri elektrokimia, semakin besar nilai voltan.


SPM Chemistry skema gerak gempur paper 1

1 A 21 A 41 A 2 C 22 A 42 A 3 A 23 C 43 C 4 C 24 C 44 A 5 D 25 C 45 A 6 D 26 C 46 B 7 C 27 D 47 B 8 C 28 D 48 C 9 D 29 C 49 D 10 A 30 B 50 B 11 C 31 D 12 D 32 D 13 D 33 C 14 D 34 B 15 C 35 C 16 C 36 D 17 C 37 A 18 B 38 C 19 C 39 D 20 C 40 C


Gerak Gempur SPM Chemistry skema paper 2 4541/2

1

Section A 1 (a) (i) The number of protons in an atom 1 (ii) 12 1 (b) X and Y 1 Because same proton number/the number of proton but difference

number of neutron/nucleon number

1 (c) 2.8.7 1 (d) (i)

Electron arrangement Label 17p & 18n

1 1

(ii) 7 1 (iii) Y - 1 (e) X3517 1 10

2 (a) 2.7 1 (b) (i) Period 2 1 (ii) Atomic size of X is smaller than V // Atomic size of V bigger than

X. 1

(iii) The number of proton in atom X is more than V. The attraction by the nucleus on electron in atom X is stronger than V.

or The number of proton in atom V is less than X. The attraction by the nucleus on electron in atom V is weaker than X.

1 1 1 1...2

(c) (i) VW4 1 (ii) has low melting / boiling point // cannot conduct electricity

in any state // soluble in organic solvent

1 (d) (i) Ionic compound 1 (ii)

U W

17p

18n



2

[Number of electron each shells are correct] [Number of charge symbol are correct]

1 1

10

3 (a) Chemical to electrical 1 (b) Cu2+, H+, OH- and SO42- 1 (c) (i) Zinc 1 (ii) Zinc atom releases electrons//Zinc more electropositive // Zn above

in electrochemical series

1 (d) (i) Brown solid deposited 1 (ii) Cu2+ + 2e Cu 1 (e) Blue to colourless// Blue become fade/ paler // The intensity of

blue colour decreases. The number of copper(II) ions decreases //The concentration of copper(II) ions decr

1

1 (f) (i) Cu, R, Q, P 1 (ii) 1.5 V 1 10

4 (a) (i) Saponification 1 (ii) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution 1 (iii) to lower the solubility of soap 1 (iv) Water: x Grease: y 1 (b) (i) silicon dioxide 1 (ii) inert towards chemicals 1 (iii) Borosilicate glass 1 (c) (i) Structural material that is formed by combining two or more

different subtances.

1 (ii) silver bromide / Copper(I) chloride 1 (iii) darken when exposed to sunlight 105 (a) (i) alcohol 1 (b) (i) H H H H

H C C C C-O-H

1



3

H H H H (ii) 2-methylpropan-2-ol 1 (c) (i) Esterification 1 (ii) C4H9OH + C3H7COOH C3H7COOC4H9 + H2O 1 (iii) Insoluble in water // sweet smell // volatile 1 (d) [Functional diagram]

[Label] 1 1

(e) (i) Addition reaction 1 (ii) The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless 1 10

6 (a) To allow the movement of ions. 1 (b)

1 (c) (i) Colourless change to brown 1 (ii) Place a few drops of starch solution.

A blue precipitate is formed. 1 1

(d) Iodide ion // potassium iodide

Loss electron//increase in oxidation number 1 1

(e) Cl2 + 2e 2Cl- 1 (f) Bromine water // acidified KMnO4 solution // acidified K2Cr2O7

solution 1

(g) 0 to -1 1 10

Section B 7 (a) (i) Copper(II)oxide

Carbon dioxide CuCO3 CuO + CO2

1 1 1...3

Dilute sulphuric acid

G

Electrode Q

Chlorine water Potassium iodide solution

Electrode P

e

ee

e



4

(ii) Yellow precipitate Lead(II) iodide 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 Formula of reactants and products are correct Balance

1 1 1 1...4

(b) XH react with QY2 to produce QX2 and HY //

Reactants : XH and QY2 Products : QX2 and HY HX aqueous solution react with QY2 aqueous solution to produce QX2 solid and HY aqueous solution 2 mole of HX react with 1 mole of QY2 to produce 1 mole of QX2 and 2 mole of HY. HX : Hydrochloric acid / HCl QY2 : Lead (II)nitrate / Pb(NO3)2

1 1 1 1 1...5

(c) (i) C H 85.70 14.30 12 1 7.14 14.30 7.14 7.14 1 2 The empirical formula CH2

1 1 1..3

(ii) ( CH2 )n = 56

[ 12 + 2(1) ]n = 56 56 // 4 14 The molecular formula C4H8

1 1 1..3

(iii) Empirical formula Molecular formula The formula shows that carbon and hydrogen are present

The formula shows that carbon and hydrogen are present

The formula shows that the ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 1:2

The formula shows that one molecule of X consists of 4 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms

1 + 12

20 8 (a) Size of solid particles Concentration of solution 1 Temperature 1 Catalyst 13

[any three]



5

(b) (i) Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 1 (ii) Comparing experiment II and experiment I

The concentration of hydrochloric acid in experiment II is higher than experiment I . 1

The frequency of collision between H+ ions and magnesium atom increases. 1 The frequency of effective collision increases. 1

Comparing experiment II and experiment III

The total surface area of magnesium in experiment III is larger than experiment II. 1 The frequency of collision between H+ ions and magnesium atom increases. 1 The frequency of effective collision increases. 1

Comparing experiment II and experiment IV Copper(II) sulphate solution is a catalyst 1 It lower the activation energy 1 The number of effective collision increases. 1.. 9 (iii) The time taken becomes shorter / less than 60s 1 When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of H+ ions increases / H+ ions move faster. 1 The frequency of effective collision between H+ ions and magnesium atom increases // The number of effective collision increases. 1........3

(c) The temperature inside the refrigerator is lower 1 Bacteria are not active at low temperature 1 Decomposition of milk caused by bacteria will slow down 1 This will keep the milk fresh for a longer period 1...4

20 Section C

9. (a) (i) 1. acid and metal oxide 1 2. acid and reactive metal 1



6

3. acid and metal carbonate 1 3 (ii) Sample answer [ Name any acid ] and [ Name any metal / metal oxide / metal carbonate ] 1 [ Name equivalent salt and water// water + CO2 // water + H2] 1 [ Balanced equation ] 1 3

(b) (i) [chemical substances - 1 mark] [ apparatus - 1 mark] [procedure - 7 marks] [chemical equation - 1 mark]

Sample answer : 1. [chemical substances] magnesium powder /magnesium oxide(Hydroxide, carbonate) and sulphuric acid 1

2. [ apparatus] Beaker, filter funnel, filter paper, glass rod 1

3. [procedure] [20 100] cm3 sulphuric acid [0.5 2.0 ] mol dm-3 is poured into a beaker 1 4. magnesium powder is added to sulphuric acid until undissolved /excess /

no more effervescence 1 5. Stir 6. the mixture is filtered 1 7. the filtrate is evaporated until saturate (one-third of it original volume) 1 8. the saturated solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature. 1 9. crystals is dried between filter paper 1 10. [chemical equation]

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 // MgO + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2O// MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O 1.... 10

(ii) [ test for sulphate ]

1. Each of solution is filled into a two test tube 1 2. Lead (II) nitrate/ Silver nitrate is added to both of test tube 1 3. If no change occur magnesium nitrate solution 1 4. If white precipitate is formed magnesium sulfat solution 1.... 4

OR [test for nitrate]

1. Each of solution is filled into a two test tube 1 2. [Add] dilute sulphuric acid, Iron (II) sulphate solution, concentrated sulphuric acid to both of test tube 1 3. if brown ring is formed magnesium nitrate solution 1

4. If no changes occur magnesium nitrate solution 1... 4 20

10 (a) (i) The heat given off when one mole of an alcohol is burnt completely in an

excess of oxygen.

1 (ii) As the number of carbon atom increase, the value of heat combustion

increase. 1



7

The greater the number of carbon atoms, the more products will be obtained. More heat is released for the formation of bonds

1

1 (b) Procedure :

1. Measure [100 -250] cm3 of water and pour it into the copper container /aluminium can

2. Measure and record the initial temperature of the water. 3. Fill the small lamp with alcohol* then weigh it and record the

initial mass. 4. Light the wick of the lamp. 5. Place the lamp as near as possible to the copper container.//

[ Diagram : Using wooden block ] 6. [The apparatus is protected by a wind shield] // [Diagram] 7. Stir the water continuously. 8. Put out / blown out the flame when the temperature rises [ 10

30 ] oC and record the highest temperature of the water. 9. Weigh the lamp as quickly as possible and record the final mass.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Result :

Initial temperature of the water/ oC = T1 Highest temperature of the water/ oC = T2

Temperature rise of the water/ oC = T2 T1 Initial mass of lamp + alcohol* / g = m1 Final mass of lamp + alcohol* / g = m2 Mass of alcohol that was burnt / g = m1 m2

1

Calculation :

Energy chage/heat given off = 200 4.2 (T2 T1) Number of mole of alcohol = Heat of combustion of alcohol*, H = =

1 1 1 13 Max 12

(c)

Number of mole of lead(II) nitrate = 50 x 21000 = 0.1 mol

or

m1 m2Mr of alcohol*

Energy change

Number of mole of alcohol

200 4.2 (T2 T1) m1 m2

Mr of alcohol*



8

Number of mole of sodium sulphate = 50 x 21000 = 0.1 mol

1

Ratio of mole :

1 mol Pb(NO3)2 / Na2SO4 1 mol PbSO4 0.1 mol Pb(NO3)2 / Na2SO4 0.1 mol PbSO4

1

Energy chage/heat given off = 200 4.2 10

= 4200 J 1

Heat of precipitation of PbSO4 =

1.04200

= 42000 J mol-1 / 4.2 kJ mol-1

14

20

END OF MARKING SCHEME


Gerak Gempur SPM Chemistry skema paper 3

1

Question Number

Rubric Score

1(a)

[Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly] Tabulation of data has the following element :

3 columns and 4 rows Table contains topics, labeled with two decimal place and unit

Example :

Experiment I II Initial reading/ cm3 0.45 15.45 Final reading / cm3 20.45 25.45 Volume of HX /cm3 20.00 10.00

3

[Able to exhibit the tabulation of data less accurately, without unit/ one decimal place] 2

[Able to state an idea about tabulation of data] Table contains at least two columns and two rows

1

[ No response or wrong response] 0 Question Number

Rubric Score

1(b)

[Able to state one observation accurately] Example : Red/Pink to colourless

3

[Able to state one observation less accurately] Example : colourless

2

[Able to state an idea about the observation] The colour changes // pink 1

[ No response or wrong response] 0


Gerak Gempur SPM Chemistry skema paper 3

2

Question Number

Rubric Score

1(c)

[Able to show the calculation of HX acid concentration with the unit for both experiment correctly] Example : Experiment I The concentration of HX acid = (1)(20) / 20 = 1.0 moldm-3 or

(i) Number of mole for NaOH = (1)(20)/1000) = 0.02 mol (ii) Based on the equation, 1 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol of HX acid, 0.02 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.02 mol of HX acid. (iii) Concentration of HX acid = ( 0.02 x 1000 ) / 20 = 1.0 moldm-3

Experiment II The concentration of HX acid = (1)(20) / 10 = 2.0 moldm-3 or

(i) Number of mole for NaOH = (1)(20)/1000) = 0.02 mol (ii) Based on the equation, 1 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol of HX acid,

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