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Education andUniversal Design in
Assessment and Evaluation
Ron StewartTechnology Advisor
Association on Higher Education and Disability
Our Goals
To determine the impact of the specific disability on the learning task at hand.
To implement recommendations and specifications for curricular adjustment that do not impact the pedagogical integrity of the learning environment.
To develop a skill set in the learner that does not require long term outside intervention whenever practicle.
Specific Obligations
Reasonable and Appropriate Accommodations.
Access to all Publications.Access to all Sites and Facilities.Access to all Programs and Content:
Web PagesCoursepacks and CoursewareInteractive CoursesSMS, LMS, and CMS systems
Accessing the Learning Space
Is the Environment Accessible?Is the AT compatible with the IT?Does the User have the Skills?
IT SkillsAT Skills
Have Options been Identified?Inaccessible System ComponentsEssential Elements of InstructionImpact on Teaching and Learning
Accommodations
What is the impact of the recommendation on the curriculum?
Are the recommended accommodations curricularly and environmentally appropriate
How are the recommendations going to be implemented and maintained?
How are the recommendations going to be paid for?
Are the recommendations generalizable and transferable?
Challenges
Online Issues
Inaccessible Interface ElementsChats, Discussions, Interactive ToolsMissing and Misleading Alternatives (Alt’s)Pages not Properly TitledConfusing Navigation StructureControls not Properly LabeledNested Frames and TablesTabular Data not Properly LabeledMouse only Actions
Online IssuesInconsistent Page StylingPage Text ReflowAutomatic FeaturesSupport for High-Contrast ModeLayout LockedLack of Site Meta HeadingsTesting Environments
Timing OutLack of Status Indication
Alternative Presentations (ALT’s)
Proper and Regular Use of Alternatives:Minimal Means of NavigationAllows Content to be ChunkedProvides “Important” ContentEliminates DistractersIncreases Content Effectiveness
PowerPoint Access
PowerPoint AccessibilityProvide the Presentation File to StudentsDon’t Overload SlidesDon’t Use Color to Convey MeaningCarefully Select Colors and FontsAvoid Animation and TransitionsEmbedded Content may not be Accessible
PowerPoint Access
Provide an Outline EquivalentText Box Content is not ProvidedNo essential Graphical Content is PresentedNo embedded Content is PresentedMaterial may need to be Reorganized
Provide an HTML EquivalentCreate in HTML OriginallyUse a Conversion UtilityDo not use “Save as Web”
PDF Access
Properly Structure Source FilesProper Reader ConfigurationLegacy File ConversionConvert not PrintInsure PDF is Properly TaggedProvide Alternative Formats
Test Access
Timed TestingIs it Necessary?Is it Equitable?
Alternative TestingIs it EquivalentAcademic Integrity
Impact of the ATNative AccessibilityAlternative EvaluationIntegrity of the Instrument
Strategies for Success
Promote Independence
Use unmodified technology whenever possible.
Implement modifications that can be rapidly learned and used.
Implement modifications that are easily transferred to the work environment.
Implement modifications that are easily generalizable, and not domain or content specific.
Cost Effectiveness
Analyze campus wide needs and strategically locate technology.
Leverage existing systems whenever possible.
Target acquisition to meeting the highest area of need.
Develop a long term strategic plan, and plan your acquisition accordingly.
Lower Costs
Use “off the shelf” technology when possible.
Replace traditional “labor intensive” accommodation models.
Analyze the learning situation and make acommodations based on the pedagogy.
Multipurpose and repurpose technology resources.
Building a Learning Community
Reduce all barriers to full inclusion.
Develop collaborative and cooperative partnerships.
Develop solutions based on “real world” needs and goals.
Develop long term solutions based on the needs of the campus community, its partners and the students with disabilities.
For More Information
Ron StewartTechnology AdvisorAssociation on Higher Education and Disability
Voice: 609 213-2190E Mail: [email protected]: http://ahead.org